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asyncio: Add support to close the running loop and cancel background tasks #15715

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Summary

CPython will automatically shutdown the event loop and cancel all background async tasks when the main task exits from asyncio.run(...). This is especially important if the background tasks need to perform some sort of cleanup and/or reset.

This adds support for asyncio.all_tasks() which returns a set object similar to the way CPython works and allows inspection of all running tasks. This may be used inside a running event loop to forcibly cancel all running tasks.

Testing

This adds two tests in hopes of measuring compatibility with CPython. The first is asyncio_all_tasks which shows the collection of tasks returned from the asyncio.all_tasks() function. The second is asyncio_shutdown which shows the compatibility of shutting down background tasks as the main task exits for various reasons.

Trade-offs and Alternatives

The spirit of this feature was originally implemented in #9870; however, it needs this concept to fully work correctly.

Micropython still suffers from the issue where a try block in the main task will not have its finally executed if it's interrupted from a KeyboardInterrupted (like eg. from mpremote); however, at least this will trigger the proper cancel and cleanup of background tasks.

As a caveat the Loop in Micropython can be reused after being close()d. In CPython, such is forbidden. CPython uses a Runner to manage the shutdown of the loop and tasks after the main task exits.

This allows to collect all running tasks either for inspection and
debugging, or to cancel them all.

Signed-off-by: Jared Hancock <jared.hancock@centeredsolutions.com>
This matches the way CPython works. If the main task finishes or raises
an exception, the background tasks are all considered to be daemon tasks
and are canceled and the loop is shutdown.

Signed-off-by: Jared Hancock <jared.hancock@centeredsolutions.com>
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codecov bot commented Aug 25, 2024

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 98.44%. Comparing base (6c3dc0c) to head (f9bc1f1).

Additional details and impacted files
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #15715      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   98.43%   98.44%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         163      163              
  Lines       21290    21304      +14     
==========================================
+ Hits        20956    20972      +16     
+ Misses        334      332       -2     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
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Code size report:

   bare-arm:    +0 +0.000% 
minimal x86:    +0 +0.000% 
   unix x64:  +576 +0.069% standard[incl +64(data)]
      stm32:  +268 +0.068% PYBV10
     mimxrt:  +264 +0.073% TEENSY40
        rp2:  +272 +0.030% RPI_PICO_W
       samd:  +272 +0.102% ADAFRUIT_ITSYBITSY_M4_EXPRESS

@dpgeorge dpgeorge added the extmod Relates to extmod/ directory in source label Aug 26, 2024
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