diff --git a/pgml-extension/src/bindings/langchain/mod.rs b/pgml-extension/src/bindings/langchain/mod.rs
index 00ee593fd..7d8d2582f 100644
--- a/pgml-extension/src/bindings/langchain/mod.rs
+++ b/pgml-extension/src/bindings/langchain/mod.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
-use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use pgrx::*;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use pyo3::types::PyTuple;
 
-use crate::{bindings::TracebackError, create_pymodule};
+use crate::create_pymodule;
 
 create_pymodule!("/src/bindings/langchain/langchain.py");
 
diff --git a/pgml-extension/src/bindings/python/mod.rs b/pgml-extension/src/bindings/python/mod.rs
index 7f527b0fc..9ab7300c0 100644
--- a/pgml-extension/src/bindings/python/mod.rs
+++ b/pgml-extension/src/bindings/python/mod.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 //! Use virtualenv.
 
 use anyhow::Result;
-use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use pgrx::iter::TableIterator;
 use pgrx::*;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use pyo3::types::PyTuple;
 
 use crate::config::get_config;
-use crate::{bindings::TracebackError, create_pymodule};
+use crate::create_pymodule;
 
 static CONFIG_NAME: &str = "pgml.venv";
 
diff --git a/pgml-extension/src/bindings/sklearn/mod.rs b/pgml-extension/src/bindings/sklearn/mod.rs
index 05e85d97c..4b8ce6625 100644
--- a/pgml-extension/src/bindings/sklearn/mod.rs
+++ b/pgml-extension/src/bindings/sklearn/mod.rs
@@ -11,15 +11,10 @@ use pgrx::*;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
-use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use pyo3::types::PyTuple;
 
-use crate::{
-    bindings::{Bindings, TracebackError},
-    create_pymodule,
-    orm::*,
-};
+use crate::{bindings::Bindings, create_pymodule, orm::*};
 
 create_pymodule!("/src/bindings/sklearn/sklearn.py");
 
diff --git a/pgml-extension/src/bindings/transformers/mod.rs b/pgml-extension/src/bindings/transformers/mod.rs
index 91158f860..c4e262761 100644
--- a/pgml-extension/src/bindings/transformers/mod.rs
+++ b/pgml-extension/src/bindings/transformers/mod.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::{collections::HashMap, path::Path};
 
 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
-use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use pgrx::*;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use pyo3::types::PyTuple;
@@ -47,22 +46,22 @@ pub fn transform(
             )
             .format_traceback(py)?;
 
-        Ok(output.extract(py).format_traceback(py)?)
+        output.extract(py).format_traceback(py)
     })?;
 
     Ok(serde_json::from_str(&results)?)
 }
 
 pub fn get_model_from(task: &Value) -> Result<String> {
-    Ok(Python::with_gil(|py| -> Result<String> {
+    Python::with_gil(|py| -> Result<String> {
         let get_model_from = get_module!(PY_MODULE)
             .getattr(py, "get_model_from")
             .format_traceback(py)?;
         let model = get_model_from
             .call1(py, PyTuple::new(py, &[task.to_string().into_py(py)]))
             .format_traceback(py)?;
-        Ok(model.extract(py).format_traceback(py)?)
-    })?)
+        model.extract(py).format_traceback(py)
+    })
 }
 
 pub fn embed(
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ pub fn embed(
             )
             .format_traceback(py)?;
 
-        Ok(output.extract(py).format_traceback(py)?)
+        output.extract(py).format_traceback(py)
     })
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ pub fn tune(
             )
             .format_traceback(py)?;
 
-        Ok(output.extract(py).format_traceback(py)?)
+        output.extract(py).format_traceback(py)
     })
 }
 
@@ -176,7 +175,7 @@ pub fn generate(model_id: i64, inputs: Vec<&str>, config: JsonB) -> Result<Vec<S
             }
             Ok(o) => o,
         };
-        Ok(result.extract(py).format_traceback(py)?)
+        result.extract(py).format_traceback(py)
     })
 }
 
@@ -227,7 +226,7 @@ pub fn load_dataset(
         let load_dataset: Py<PyAny> = get_module!(PY_MODULE)
             .getattr(py, "load_dataset")
             .format_traceback(py)?;
-        Ok(load_dataset
+        load_dataset
             .call1(
                 py,
                 PyTuple::new(
@@ -242,7 +241,7 @@ pub fn load_dataset(
             )
             .format_traceback(py)?
             .extract(py)
-            .format_traceback(py)?)
+            .format_traceback(py)
     })?;
 
     let table_name = format!("pgml.\"{}\"", name);
diff --git a/pgml-extension/src/bindings/transformers/transformers.py b/pgml-extension/src/bindings/transformers/transformers.py
index f220be89d..98c843691 100644
--- a/pgml-extension/src/bindings/transformers/transformers.py
+++ b/pgml-extension/src/bindings/transformers/transformers.py
@@ -241,29 +241,38 @@ def transform(task, args, inputs):
     return orjson.dumps(pipe(inputs, **args), default=orjson_default).decode()
 
 
-def embed(transformer, inputs, kwargs):
-    kwargs = orjson.loads(kwargs)
+def create_embedding(transformer):
+    instructor = transformer.startswith("hkunlp/instructor")
+    klass = INSTRUCTOR if instructor else SentenceTransformer 
+    return klass(transformer)
+
+
+def embed_using(model, transformer, inputs, kwargs):
+    if isinstance(kwargs, str):
+        kwargs = orjson.loads(kwargs)
 
-    ensure_device(kwargs)
     instructor = transformer.startswith("hkunlp/instructor")
-    
     if instructor:
-        klass = INSTRUCTOR
-        
         texts_with_instructions = []
         instruction = kwargs.pop("instruction")
         for text in inputs:
             texts_with_instructions.append([instruction, text])
             
         inputs = texts_with_instructions
-    else:
-        klass = SentenceTransformer
+
+    return model.encode(inputs, **kwargs)
+
+
+def embed(transformer, inputs, kwargs):
+    kwargs = orjson.loads(kwargs)
+
+    ensure_device(kwargs)
 
     if transformer not in __cache_sentence_transformer_by_name:
-        __cache_sentence_transformer_by_name[transformer] = klass(transformer)
+        __cache_sentence_transformer_by_name[transformer] = create_embedding(transformer)
     model = __cache_sentence_transformer_by_name[transformer]
 
-    return model.encode(inputs, **kwargs)
+    return embed_using(model, transformer, inputs, kwargs)
 
 
 def clear_gpu_cache(memory_usage: None):
diff --git a/pgml-extension/src/orm/model.rs b/pgml-extension/src/orm/model.rs
index f87ff736a..89a23888c 100644
--- a/pgml-extension/src/orm/model.rs
+++ b/pgml-extension/src/orm/model.rs
@@ -378,12 +378,12 @@ impl Model {
             Ok(())
         })?;
 
-        Ok(model.ok_or_else(|| {
+        model.ok_or_else(|| {
             anyhow!(
                 "pgml.models WHERE id = {:?} could not be loaded. Does it exist?",
                 id
             )
-        })?)
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn find_cached(id: i64) -> Result<Arc<Model>> {

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