diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/DependencyInjection/Configuration.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/DependencyInjection/Configuration.php
index 772c8fe1ffeb7..aac1d4a9fd42a 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/DependencyInjection/Configuration.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/DependencyInjection/Configuration.php
@@ -1466,9 +1466,75 @@ function ($a) {
                                     })
                                 ->end()
                                 ->fixXmlConfig('option')
+                                ->validate()
+                                    ->ifTrue(static fn (array $transportConf) => \count(array_intersect(['serializer', 'incoming_message_serializer', 'outgoing_message_serializer'], array_keys($transportConf))) > 1)
+                                    ->thenInvalid('Only one of "serializer", "incoming_message_serializer" and "outgoing_message_serializer" could be used.')
+                                ->end()
                                 ->children()
                                     ->scalarNode('dsn')->end()
-                                    ->scalarNode('serializer')->defaultNull()->info('Service id of a custom serializer to use.')->end()
+                                    ->arrayNode('serializer')
+                                        ->info('Transport serializer configuration for messages produced and handled by this application.')
+                                        ->beforeNormalization()
+                                            ->ifString()
+                                            ->then(static fn (string $serviceId) => ['service_id' => $serviceId])
+                                        ->end()
+                                        ->children()
+                                            ->scalarNode('service_id')->info('Service id of a custom transport serializer to use (incompatible with "format", "context" and "serializer" options).')->defaultNull()->end()
+                                            ->scalarNode('format')->info('Serialization format for this transport\'s serializer (will use Symfony serializer).')->end()
+                                            ->arrayNode('context')
+                                                ->normalizeKeys(false)
+                                                ->useAttributeAsKey('name')
+                                                ->defaultValue([])
+                                                ->info('Context serialization array for this transport\'s serializer (will use Symfony serializer).')
+                                                ->prototype('variable')->end()
+                                            ->end()
+                                            ->scalarNode('serializer')->info('Service id of a custom Symfony serializer to use.')->end()
+                                        ->end()
+                                        ->validate()
+                                            ->ifTrue(static fn (array $serializerConf) => !(isset($serializerConf['service_id']) xor (isset($serializerConf['format']) || [] !== $serializerConf['context'] || isset($serializerConf['serializer']))))
+                                            ->thenInvalid('Either "service_id" OR at least one of "format" or "context" or "serializer" should be provided.')
+                                        ->end()
+                                    ->end()
+                                    ->arrayNode('incoming_message_serializer')
+                                        ->info('Transport serializer configuration for messages coming from other applications (uses Symfony serializer).')
+                                        ->children()
+                                            ->scalarNode('messageClass')
+                                                ->info('The class in which the message should be deserialized (incompatible with "messageClassResolver" option).')
+                                                ->validate()
+                                                    ->ifTrue(static fn ($class) => $class && !class_exists($class))
+                                                    ->thenInvalid('The "messageClass" should be a valid class.')
+                                                ->end()
+                                            ->end()
+                                            ->scalarNode('messageClassResolver')->info('Service id of a message class resolver to use (incompatible with "messageClass" option).')->end()
+                                            ->scalarNode('format')->info('Serialization format for this transport\'s serializer.')->end()
+                                            ->arrayNode('context')
+                                                ->normalizeKeys(false)
+                                                ->useAttributeAsKey('name')
+                                                ->defaultValue([])
+                                                ->info('Context serialization array for this transport\'s serializer.')
+                                                ->prototype('variable')->end()
+                                            ->end()
+                                            ->scalarNode('serializer')->info('Service id of a custom Symfony serializer to use.')->end()
+                                        ->end()
+                                        ->validate()
+                                            ->ifTrue(static fn (array $incomingMessageConf) => !(isset($incomingMessageConf['messageClass']) xor isset($incomingMessageConf['messageClassResolver'])))
+                                            ->thenInvalid('A message class OR a message class resolver should be provided.')
+                                        ->end()
+                                    ->end()
+                                    ->arrayNode('outgoing_message_serializer')
+                                        ->info('Transport serializer configuration for sending messages to other applications (uses Symfony serializer).')
+                                        ->children()
+                                            ->scalarNode('format')->info('Serialization format for this transport\'s serializer.')->end()
+                                            ->arrayNode('context')
+                                                ->normalizeKeys(false)
+                                                ->useAttributeAsKey('name')
+                                                ->defaultValue([])
+                                                ->info('Context serialization array for this transport\'s serializer.')
+                                                ->prototype('variable')->end()
+                                            ->end()
+                                            ->scalarNode('serializer')->info('Service id of a custom Symfony serializer to use.')->end()
+                                        ->end()
+                                    ->end()
                                     ->arrayNode('options')
                                         ->normalizeKeys(false)
                                         ->defaultValue([])
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/DependencyInjection/FrameworkExtension.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/DependencyInjection/FrameworkExtension.php
index 358ec36f10bea..01a59bf609f88 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/DependencyInjection/FrameworkExtension.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/DependencyInjection/FrameworkExtension.php
@@ -120,6 +120,9 @@
 use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBus;
 use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Middleware\RouterContextMiddleware;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Serialization\IncomingMessageSerializer;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Serialization\OutgoingMessageSerializer;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Serialization\Serializer;
 use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Serialization\SerializerInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\TransportFactoryInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\TransportInterface;
@@ -2086,7 +2089,47 @@ private function registerMessengerConfiguration(array $config, ContainerBuilder
         $transportRetryReferences = [];
         $transportRateLimiterReferences = [];
         foreach ($config['transports'] as $name => $transport) {
-            $serializerId = $transport['serializer'] ?? 'messenger.default_serializer';
+            if (isset($transport['serializer'])) {
+                $basicSerializerConf = $transport['serializer'];
+
+                $serializerId = $basicSerializerConf['service_id'] ?? "messenger.transport.{$name}.serializer";
+
+                if (($basicSerializerConf['serializer'] ?? null) || ($basicSerializerConf['format'] ?? null) || [] !== $basicSerializerConf['context']) {
+                    $serializerDefinition = (new Definition(Serializer::class))
+                        ->setArguments([
+                            new Reference($basicSerializerConf['serializer'] ?? 'serializer'),
+                            $basicSerializerConf['format'] ?? $config['serializer']['symfony_serializer']['format'],
+                            $basicSerializerConf['context'] ?: $config['serializer']['symfony_serializer']['context'],
+                        ]);
+
+                    $container->setDefinition($serializerId, $serializerDefinition);
+                }
+            } elseif (isset($transport['incoming_message_serializer'])) {
+                $incomingSerializerConf = $transport['incoming_message_serializer'];
+
+                $serializerDefinition = (new Definition(IncomingMessageSerializer::class))
+                    ->setArguments([
+                        $incomingSerializerConf['messageClass'] ?? new Reference($incomingSerializerConf['messageClassResolver']),
+                        new Reference($incomingSerializerConf['serializer'] ?? 'serializer'),
+                        $incomingSerializerConf['format'] ?? $config['serializer']['symfony_serializer']['format'],
+                        $incomingSerializerConf['context'] ?: $config['serializer']['symfony_serializer']['context'],
+                    ]);
+
+                $container->setDefinition($serializerId = "messenger.transport.{$name}.serializer", $serializerDefinition);
+            } elseif (isset($transport['outgoing_message_serializer'])) {
+                $outgoingSerializerConf = $transport['outgoing_message_serializer'];
+
+                $serializerDefinition = (new Definition(OutgoingMessageSerializer::class))
+                    ->setArguments([
+                        new Reference($outgoingSerializerConf['serializer'] ?? 'serializer'),
+                        $outgoingSerializerConf['format'] ?? $config['serializer']['symfony_serializer']['format'],
+                        $outgoingSerializerConf['context'] ?: $config['serializer']['symfony_serializer']['context'],
+                    ]);
+
+                $container->setDefinition($serializerId = "messenger.transport.{$name}.serializer", $serializerDefinition);
+            }
+
+            $serializerId ??= 'messenger.default_serializer';
             $transportDefinition = (new Definition(TransportInterface::class))
                 ->setFactory([new Reference('messenger.transport_factory'), 'createTransport'])
                 ->setArguments([$transport['dsn'], $transport['options'] + ['transport_name' => $name], new Reference($serializerId)])
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..22fd14d394216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer.php
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?php
+
+use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Tests\Fixtures\Messenger\BarMessage;
+
+$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
+    'http_method_override' => false,
+    'serializer' => true,
+    'messenger' => [
+        'serializer' => [
+            'symfony_serializer' => [
+                'format' => 'xml',
+                'context' => ['default' => 'context'],
+            ]
+        ],
+        'transports' => [
+            'default_serializer' => ['dsn' => 'null://'],
+            'custom_serializer_short_notation' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'serializer' => 'messenger.transport.native_php_serializer',
+            ],
+            'custom_serializer_long_notation' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'serializer' => [
+                    'service_id' => 'messenger.transport.native_php_serializer',
+                ],
+            ],
+            'symfony_serializer_with_context' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'serializer' => [
+                    'format' => 'json',
+                    'context' => ['some' => 'context'],
+                    'serializer' => 'my_fancy_serializer',
+                ],
+            ],
+            'incoming_message_transport' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'incoming_message_serializer' => [
+                    'messageClass' => BarMessage::class,
+                    'format' => 'json',
+                    'context' => ['some' => 'context'],
+                    'serializer' => 'my_fancy_serializer',
+                ],
+            ],
+            'incoming_message_transport_with_default_serializer' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'incoming_message_serializer' => [
+                    'messageClassResolver' => 'some_message_class_resolver_id',
+                ],
+            ],
+            'outgoing_message_transport' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'outgoing_message_serializer' => [
+                    'format' => 'json',
+                    'context' => ['some' => 'context'],
+                    'serializer' => 'my_fancy_serializer',
+                ],
+            ],
+            'outgoing_message_transport_with_default_serializer' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'outgoing_message_serializer' => [],
+            ],
+        ],
+    ],
+]);
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_1.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_1.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..869db0f98f26b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_1.php
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?php
+
+$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
+    'http_method_override' => false,
+    'serializer' => true,
+    'messenger' => [
+        'transports' => [
+            'invalid_transport' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'serializer' => 'messenger.transport.native_php_serializer',
+                'outgoing_message_serializer' => []
+            ]
+        ],
+    ],
+]);
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_2.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_2.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b51b50a351c8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_2.php
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?php
+
+$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
+    'http_method_override' => false,
+    'serializer' => true,
+    'messenger' => [
+        'transports' => [
+            'invalid_transport' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'serializer' => [
+                    'service_id' => 'messenger.transport.native_php_serializer',
+                    'format' => 'json'
+                ],
+            ]
+        ],
+    ],
+]);
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_3.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_3.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b4a6a7e16de02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_3.php
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<?php
+
+$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
+    'http_method_override' => false,
+    'serializer' => true,
+    'messenger' => [
+        'transports' => [
+            'invalid_transport' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'serializer' => [],
+            ]
+        ],
+    ],
+]);
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_4.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_4.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..96e5e4d07f531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_4.php
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+
+use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Tests\Fixtures\Messenger\BarMessage;
+
+$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
+    'http_method_override' => false,
+    'serializer' => true,
+    'messenger' => [
+        'transports' => [
+            'invalid_transport' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'incoming_message_serializer' => [
+                    'messageClass' => BarMessage::class,
+                    'messageClassResolver' => 'foo',
+                ],
+            ]
+        ],
+    ],
+]);
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_5.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_5.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f46fc375be338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/php/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_5.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+
+$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
+    'http_method_override' => false,
+    'serializer' => true,
+    'messenger' => [
+        'transports' => [
+            'invalid_transport' => [
+                'dsn' => 'null://',
+                'incoming_message_serializer' => [
+                    'messageClass' => 'foo',
+                ],
+            ]
+        ],
+    ],
+]);
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer.xml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cf583ec809485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony">
+    <!--xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
+        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony https://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony/symfony-1.0.xsd"-->
+
+
+    <framework:config http-method-override="false">
+        <framework:serializer enabled="true" />
+        <framework:messenger>
+            <framework:serializer>
+                <framework:symfony-serializer format="xml">
+                    <framework:context>
+                        <framework:default>context</framework:default>
+                    </framework:context>
+                </framework:symfony-serializer>
+            </framework:serializer>
+
+            <framework:transport name="default_serializer" dsn="null://" />
+
+            <framework:transport name="custom_serializer_short_notation" dsn="null://" serializer="messenger.transport.native_php_serializer" />
+
+            <framework:transport name="custom_serializer_long_notation" dsn="null://">
+                <framework:serializer service_id="messenger.transport.native_php_serializer" />
+            </framework:transport>
+
+            <framework:transport name="symfony_serializer_with_context" dsn="null://">
+                <framework:serializer format="json" serializer="my_fancy_serializer">
+                    <framework:context>
+                        <framework:some>context</framework:some>
+                    </framework:context>
+                </framework:serializer>
+            </framework:transport>
+
+            <framework:transport name="incoming_message_transport" dsn="null://">
+                <framework:incoming_message_serializer format="json" serializer="my_fancy_serializer" messageClass="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Tests\Fixtures\Messenger\BarMessage">
+                    <framework:context>
+                        <framework:some>context</framework:some>
+                    </framework:context>
+                </framework:incoming_message_serializer>
+            </framework:transport>
+
+            <framework:transport name="incoming_message_transport_with_default_serializer" dsn="null://">
+                <framework:incoming_message_serializer messageClassResolver="some_message_class_resolver_id" />
+            </framework:transport>
+
+            <framework:transport name="outgoing_message_transport" dsn="null://">
+                <framework:outgoing_message_serializer format="json" serializer="my_fancy_serializer">
+                    <framework:context>
+                        <framework:some>context</framework:some>
+                    </framework:context>
+                </framework:outgoing_message_serializer>
+            </framework:transport>
+
+            <framework:transport name="outgoing_message_transport_with_default_serializer" dsn="null://">
+                <framework:outgoing_message_serializer />
+            </framework:transport>
+
+        </framework:messenger>
+    </framework:config>
+</container>
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_1.xml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dfd04dc43fef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony">
+    <!--xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
+        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony https://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony/symfony-1.0.xsd"-->
+
+
+    <framework:config http-method-override="false">
+        <framework:serializer enabled="true" />
+        <framework:messenger>
+            <framework:transport name="invalid_transport" dsn="null://">
+                <framework:serializer service_id="messenger.transport.native_php_serializer" />
+                <framework:outgoing_message_serializer />
+            </framework:transport>
+        </framework:messenger>
+    </framework:config>
+</container>
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_2.xml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_2.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f758f30b1a88c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_2.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony">
+    <!--xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
+        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony https://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony/symfony-1.0.xsd"-->
+
+
+    <framework:config http-method-override="false">
+        <framework:serializer enabled="true" />
+        <framework:messenger>
+            <framework:transport name="invalid_transport" dsn="null://">
+                <framework:serializer service_id="messenger.transport.native_php_serializer" format="json" />
+            </framework:transport>
+        </framework:messenger>
+    </framework:config>
+</container>
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_3.xml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4e66c3487f03c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony">
+    <!--xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
+        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony https://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony/symfony-1.0.xsd"-->
+
+
+    <framework:config http-method-override="false">
+        <framework:serializer enabled="true" />
+        <framework:messenger>
+            <framework:transport name="invalid_transport" dsn="null://">
+                <framework:serializer />
+            </framework:transport>
+        </framework:messenger>
+    </framework:config>
+</container>
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_4.xml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_4.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..def75bbcd251b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_4.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony">
+    <!--xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
+        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony https://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony/symfony-1.0.xsd"-->
+
+
+    <framework:config http-method-override="false">
+        <framework:serializer enabled="true" />
+        <framework:messenger>
+            <framework:transport name="invalid_transport" dsn="null://">
+                <framework:incoming_message_serializer messageClass="Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Tests\Fixtures\Messenger\BarMessage" messageClassResolver="foo" />
+            </framework:transport>
+        </framework:messenger>
+    </framework:config>
+</container>
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_5.xml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0975b13b3bfa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/xml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony">
+    <!--xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
+        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony https://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony/symfony-1.0.xsd"-->
+
+
+    <framework:config http-method-override="false">
+        <framework:serializer enabled="true" />
+        <framework:messenger>
+            <framework:transport name="invalid_transport" dsn="null://">
+                <framework:incoming_message_serializer messageClass="foo" />
+            </framework:transport>
+        </framework:messenger>
+    </framework:config>
+</container>
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer.yml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..eda1c7f12c4ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+framework:
+    http_method_override: false
+    serializer: true
+    messenger:
+        serializer:
+            symfony_serializer:
+                format: xml
+                context: {default: context}
+        transports:
+            default_serializer:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+            custom_serializer_short_notation:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                serializer: 'messenger.transport.native_php_serializer'
+            custom_serializer_long_notation:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                serializer:
+                    service_id: 'messenger.transport.native_php_serializer'
+            symfony_serializer_with_context:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                serializer:
+                    format: 'json'
+                    context: {some: context}
+                    serializer: 'my_fancy_serializer'
+            incoming_message_transport:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                incoming_message_serializer:
+                    messageClass: Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Tests\Fixtures\Messenger\BarMessage
+                    format: 'json'
+                    context: {some: context}
+                    serializer: 'my_fancy_serializer'
+            incoming_message_transport_with_default_serializer:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                incoming_message_serializer:
+                    messageClassResolver: 'some_message_class_resolver_id'
+            outgoing_message_transport:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                outgoing_message_serializer:
+                    format: 'json'
+                    context: {some: context}
+                    serializer: 'my_fancy_serializer'
+            outgoing_message_transport_with_default_serializer:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                outgoing_message_serializer: ~
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_1.yml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_1.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1d88974672b6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_1.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+framework:
+    http_method_override: false
+    serializer: true
+    messenger:
+        transports:
+            invalid_transport:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                serializer: 'messenger.transport.native_php_serializer'
+                outgoing_message_serializer: ~
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_2.yml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_2.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2086945145672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_2.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+framework:
+    http_method_override: false
+    serializer: true
+    messenger:
+        transports:
+            invalid_transport:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                serializer:
+                    service_id: 'messenger.transport.native_php_serializer'
+                    format: json
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_3.yml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_3.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1c42ed1e16704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_3.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+framework:
+    http_method_override: false
+    serializer: true
+    messenger:
+        transports:
+            invalid_transport:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                serializer: ~
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_4.yml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_4.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5096657148ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_4.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+framework:
+    http_method_override: false
+    serializer: true
+    messenger:
+        transports:
+            invalid_transport:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                incoming_message_serializer:
+                    messageClass: Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Tests\Fixtures\Messenger\BarMessage
+                    messageClassResolver: foo
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_5.yml b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_5.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..44363a712bfde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/Fixtures/yml/messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_5.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+framework:
+    http_method_override: false
+    serializer: true
+    messenger:
+        transports:
+            invalid_transport:
+                dsn: 'null://'
+                incoming_message_serializer:
+                    messageClass: foo
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/FrameworkExtensionTest.php b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/FrameworkExtensionTest.php
index e3416357c162b..d224ab7f18bc2 100644
--- a/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/FrameworkExtensionTest.php
+++ b/src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Tests/DependencyInjection/FrameworkExtensionTest.php
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\DependencyInjection\Compiler\AddAnnotationsCachedReaderPass;
 use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\DependencyInjection\FrameworkExtension;
 use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\FrameworkBundle;
+use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Tests\Fixtures\Messenger\BarMessage;
 use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Tests\Fixtures\Messenger\DummyMessage;
 use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Tests\TestCase;
 use Symfony\Bundle\FullStack;
@@ -57,6 +58,9 @@
 use Symfony\Component\HttpClient\ScopingHttpClient;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\DependencyInjection\LoggerPass;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Fragment\FragmentUriGeneratorInterface;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Serialization\IncomingMessageSerializer;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Serialization\OutgoingMessageSerializer;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Serialization\Serializer as MessengerTransportSerializer;
 use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\TransportFactory;
 use Symfony\Component\Notifier\ChatterInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\Notifier\TexterInterface;
@@ -1083,6 +1087,107 @@ public function testMessengerWithDisabledResetOnMessage()
         $this->createContainerFromFile('messenger_with_disabled_reset_on_message');
     }
 
+    public function testMessengerTransportSerializerConfigurations()
+    {
+        $container = $this->createContainerFromFile('messenger_transport_serializer');
+
+        $transportDefinition = $container->getDefinition('messenger.transport.default_serializer');
+        $this->assertEquals(new Reference('messenger.default_serializer'), $transportDefinition->getArguments()[2]);
+
+        $transportDefinition = $container->getDefinition('messenger.transport.custom_serializer_short_notation');
+        $this->assertEquals(new Reference('messenger.transport.native_php_serializer'), $transportDefinition->getArguments()[2]);
+
+        $transportDefinition = $container->getDefinition('messenger.transport.custom_serializer_long_notation');
+        $this->assertEquals(new Reference('messenger.transport.native_php_serializer'), $transportDefinition->getArguments()[2]);
+
+        $transportDefinition = $container->getDefinition('messenger.transport.symfony_serializer_with_context');
+        $this->assertEquals(new Reference($serializerId = 'messenger.transport.symfony_serializer_with_context.serializer'), $transportDefinition->getArguments()[2]);
+        $serializerDefinition = $container->getDefinition($serializerId);
+        self::assertSame(MessengerTransportSerializer::class, $serializerDefinition->getClass());
+        self::assertEquals(
+            [
+                new Reference('my_fancy_serializer'),
+                'json',
+                ['some' => 'context'],
+            ],
+            $serializerDefinition->getArguments()
+        );
+
+        $transportDefinition = $container->getDefinition('messenger.transport.incoming_message_transport');
+        $this->assertEquals(new Reference($serializerId = 'messenger.transport.incoming_message_transport.serializer'), $transportDefinition->getArguments()[2]);
+        $serializerDefinition = $container->getDefinition($serializerId);
+        self::assertSame(IncomingMessageSerializer::class, $serializerDefinition->getClass());
+        self::assertEquals(
+            [
+                BarMessage::class,
+                new Reference('my_fancy_serializer'),
+                'json',
+                ['some' => 'context'],
+            ],
+            $serializerDefinition->getArguments()
+        );
+
+        $transportDefinition = $container->getDefinition('messenger.transport.incoming_message_transport_with_default_serializer');
+        $this->assertEquals(new Reference($serializerId = 'messenger.transport.incoming_message_transport_with_default_serializer.serializer'), $transportDefinition->getArguments()[2]);
+        $serializerDefinition = $container->getDefinition($serializerId);
+        self::assertSame(IncomingMessageSerializer::class, $serializerDefinition->getClass());
+        self::assertEquals(
+            [
+                new Reference('some_message_class_resolver_id'),
+                new Reference('serializer'),
+                'xml',
+                ['default' => 'context'],
+            ],
+            $serializerDefinition->getArguments()
+        );
+
+        $transportDefinition = $container->getDefinition('messenger.transport.outgoing_message_transport');
+        $this->assertEquals(new Reference($serializerId = 'messenger.transport.outgoing_message_transport.serializer'), $transportDefinition->getArguments()[2]);
+        $serializerDefinition = $container->getDefinition($serializerId);
+        self::assertSame(OutgoingMessageSerializer::class, $serializerDefinition->getClass());
+        self::assertEquals(
+            [
+                new Reference('my_fancy_serializer'),
+                'json',
+                ['some' => 'context'],
+            ],
+            $serializerDefinition->getArguments()
+        );
+
+        $transportDefinition = $container->getDefinition('messenger.transport.outgoing_message_transport_with_default_serializer');
+        $this->assertEquals(new Reference($serializerId = 'messenger.transport.outgoing_message_transport_with_default_serializer.serializer'), $transportDefinition->getArguments()[2]);
+        $serializerDefinition = $container->getDefinition($serializerId);
+        self::assertSame(OutgoingMessageSerializer::class, $serializerDefinition->getClass());
+        self::assertEquals(
+            [
+                new Reference('serializer'),
+                'xml',
+                ['default' => 'context'],
+            ],
+            $serializerDefinition->getArguments()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider invalidMessengerTransportSerializerConfigurationsProvider
+     */
+    public function testInvalidMessengerTransportSerializerConfigurations(string $configFile, string $errorMessage)
+    {
+        $this->expectException(InvalidConfigurationException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage($errorMessage);
+
+        $this->createContainerFromFile($configFile);
+    }
+
+    public function invalidMessengerTransportSerializerConfigurationsProvider(): iterable
+    {
+        yield ['messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_1', 'Only one of "serializer", "incoming_message_serializer" and "outgoing_message_serializer" could be used'];
+        yield ['messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_2', 'Either "service_id" OR at least one of "format" or "context" or "serializer" should be provided.'];
+        yield ['messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_3', 'Either "service_id" OR at least one of "format" or "context" or "serializer" should be provided.'];
+        yield ['messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_4', 'A message class OR a message class resolver should be provided.'];
+        yield ['messenger_transport_serializer_invalid_5', 'The "messageClass" should be a valid class.'];
+    }
+
     public function testTranslator()
     {
         $container = $this->createContainerFromFile('full');
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Component/Messenger/Transport/Serialization/IncomingMessageClassResolverInterface.php b/src/Symfony/Component/Messenger/Transport/Serialization/IncomingMessageClassResolverInterface.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7ef0db2d1ce0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Component/Messenger/Transport/Serialization/IncomingMessageClassResolverInterface.php
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?php
+
+/*
+ * This file is part of the Symfony package.
+ *
+ * (c) Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+
+namespace Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Serialization;
+
+interface IncomingMessageClassResolverInterface
+{
+    /**
+     * @return class-string
+     */
+    public function __invoke(array $encodedEnvelope): string;
+}
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Component/Messenger/Transport/Serialization/IncomingMessageSerializer.php b/src/Symfony/Component/Messenger/Transport/Serialization/IncomingMessageSerializer.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..069c88559ea70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Component/Messenger/Transport/Serialization/IncomingMessageSerializer.php
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?php
+
+/*
+ * This file is part of the Symfony package.
+ *
+ * (c) Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+
+namespace Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Serialization;
+
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Envelope;
+use Symfony\Component\Serializer\SerializerInterface as SymfonySerializerInterface;
+
+final class IncomingMessageSerializer implements SerializerInterface
+{
+    private Serializer $decorated;
+
+    public function __construct(private readonly IncomingMessageClassResolverInterface|string $messageClass, SymfonySerializerInterface $serializer, string $format, array $context)
+    {
+        $this->decorated = new Serializer($serializer, $format, $context);
+    }
+
+    public function decode(array $encodedEnvelope): Envelope
+    {
+        $encodedEnvelope['headers']['type'] ??= $this->resolveType($encodedEnvelope);
+
+        return $this->decorated->decode($encodedEnvelope);
+    }
+
+    public function encode(Envelope $envelope): array
+    {
+        return $this->decorated->encode($envelope);
+    }
+
+    private function resolveType(array $encodedEnvelope): string
+    {
+        return \is_string($this->messageClass) ? $this->messageClass : ($this->messageClass)($encodedEnvelope);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Symfony/Component/Messenger/Transport/Serialization/OutgoingMessageSerializer.php b/src/Symfony/Component/Messenger/Transport/Serialization/OutgoingMessageSerializer.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7b01e593a18bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Symfony/Component/Messenger/Transport/Serialization/OutgoingMessageSerializer.php
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?php
+
+/*
+ * This file is part of the Symfony package.
+ *
+ * (c) Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+
+namespace Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Serialization;
+
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Envelope;
+use Symfony\Component\Serializer\SerializerInterface as SymfonySerializerInterface;
+
+final class OutgoingMessageSerializer implements SerializerInterface
+{
+    private Serializer $decorated;
+
+    public function __construct(SymfonySerializerInterface $serializer, string $format, array $context)
+    {
+        $this->decorated = new Serializer($serializer, $format, $context);
+    }
+
+    public function decode(array $encodedEnvelope): Envelope
+    {
+        throw new \LogicException(sprintf('Cannot use "%s" to decode message.', __CLASS__));
+    }
+
+    public function encode(Envelope $envelope): array
+    {
+        $encode = $this->decorated->encode(Envelope::wrap($envelope->getMessage()));
+
+        unset($encode['headers']['type']);
+
+        return $encode;
+    }
+}

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