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Detection of motion compensated frame interpolation via motion-aligned temporal difference

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Abstract

Motion compensated frame interpolation (MCFI) is a special frame based video manipulation, which increases the temporal continuity of low frame rate videos by synthesizing new frames between successive frames. MCFI might also be used to counterfeit high frame-rate videos, which mislead users’ attraction and waste storage spaces in video-sharing websites. Existing MCFI detectors are designed to judge the absence or presence of MCFI forgery in a controllable environment of known MCFI techniques. Practical detector should consider the possibility of unknown MCFI techniques. We are motivated to propose a robust MCFI detector for more practical scenarios. Considering the effects of non-motion regions in candidate frame, the statistical moments are firstly extracted from motion-aligned frame differences (MAFD). Then, the one-class support vector machine (SVM), following a training stage capturing the properties of original frames, is exploited to judge whether the candidate frame is interpolated by MCFI or not. Finally, a special interpolated frame detection (SIFD) is designed to pick out interpolated frames, which are synthesized from two consecutive reference frames with no motion vectors (MVs) or less MVs. A series of experiments evaluated on four representative MCFI techniques have shown promising results.

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Notes

  1. Available on http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/

  2. They are Bowing, Bus, Coastguard, Container, Flower, Football, Highway, Mobile, Silent, Tempete, Waterfall

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate Dr. Ran Li in Xinyang Normal University, China for permission to use their codes in theirs experiments. They appreciate Dr. Won Hee Lee in Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea for providing up-converted videos in the experiments. They also appreciate Dr Ningbo Zhu in Hunan University, China for providing technical editing of the revised manuscript. This work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61572183, 61379143).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China

    Xiangling Ding, Yue Li, Ming Xia, Jiale He & Gaobo Yang

  2. School of Information Science and Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, China

    Xiangling Ding

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  1. Xiangling Ding
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  2. Yue Li
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Correspondence to Gaobo Yang.

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Ding, X., Li, Y., Xia, M. et al. Detection of motion compensated frame interpolation via motion-aligned temporal difference. Multimed Tools Appl 78, 7453–7477 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6504-5

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