Abstract
A sudden interest in chatbots occurred in 2016 due to the advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies. The increase of mobile messaging applications and the introduction of chatbot development frameworks allowed researchers to explore different paradigms for building chatbots. A major issue related to the user experience with chatbots was detected. Users with different personalities, preferences, and needs receive the same responses when they interact with a particular chatbot. This can create unpleasant experiences towards certain user groups. There were multiple efforts to create personalized chatbots in order to overcome such experiences. In this paper, a systematic review for personalized chatbots is conducted to investigate the attempts of building psychologically-driven personalized chatbots. Accordingly, we propose a generic framework for building character-based chatbots using the principles of Character Computing based on psychological theorizing. Our goal is to allow users to create their individual chatbot characters by selecting their preferred character traits. To this end, we introduce a retrieval-based approach for implementing our proposed framework.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrist, S., Mutlu, B., Tapus, A.: Look like me: matching robot personality via gaze to increase motivation. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 3603–3612 (2015)
Brandtzaeg, P.B., Følstad, A.: Why people use chatbots. In: Kompatsiaris, I., et al. (eds.) INSCI 2017. LNCS, vol. 10673, pp. 377–392. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70284-1_30
Brandtzaeg, P.B., Følstad, A.: Chatbots: changing user needs and motivations. Interactions 25(5), 38–43 (2018)
Braun, M., Alt, F.: Identifying personality dimensions for characters of digital agents. In: El Bolock, A., Abdelrahman, Y., Abdennadher, S. (eds.) Character Computing. HIS, pp. 123–137. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15954-2_8
El Bolock, A.: What is character computing? In: El Bolock, A., Abdelrahman, Y., Abdennadher, S. (eds.) Character Computing. HIS, pp. 1–16. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15954-2_1
El Bolock, A., Salah, J., Abdelrahman, Y., Herbert, C., Abdennadher, S.: Character computing: computer science meets psychology. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia, pp. 557–562 (2018)
ElBolock, A.: Defining character computing from the perspective of computer science and psychology. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia, pp. 567–572 (2018)
Følstad, A., Brandtzæg, P.B.: Chatbots and the new world of HCI. Interactions 24(4), 38–42 (2017)
Goldberg, L.R.: The development of markers for the big-five factor structure. Psychol. Assess. 4(1), 26 (1992)
Hall, E.T., et al.: Proxemics (and comments and replies). Curr. Anthropol. 9(2/3), 83–108 (1968)
Herbert, C.: An experimental-psychological approach for the development of character computing. In: El Bolock, A., Abdelrahman, Y., Abdennadher, S. (eds.) Character Computing. HIS, pp. 17–38. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15954-2_2
Lokman, A.S., Zain, J.M.: Extension and prerequisite: an algorithm to enable relations between responses in chatbot technology. J. Comput. Sci. 6(10), 1212 (2010)
Neff, G., Nagy, P.: Automation, algorithms, and politics—talking to bots: symbiotic agency and the case of tay. Int. J. Commun. 10, 17 (2016)
Nguyen, H., Morales, D., Chin, T.: A neural chatbot with personality (2017)
Nimavat, K., Champaneria, T.: Chatbots: an overview. Types, architecture, tools and future possibilities, October 2017
Picard, R.W., Picard, R.: Affective Computing, vol. 252. MIT Press, Cambridge. EEG-detected olfactory imagery to reveal covert consciousness in minimally conscious state. Brain Injury 29(13–14), 1729–1735 (1997)
Piccolo, L., Mensio, M., Alani, H.: Chasing the chatbots: directions for interaction and design research (2019)
Price, R.: Microsoft is deleting its AI chatbot’s incredibly racist tweets. Business Insider (2016)
Shawar, B.A., Atwell, E.: Chatbots: are they really useful? Ldv Forum. 22, 29–49 (2007)
Shevat, A.: Designing bots: creating conversational experiences. O’Reilly Media, Inc. (2017)
Smestad, T.L.: Personality matters! Improving the user experience of chatbot interfaces-personality provides a stable pattern to guide the design and behaviour of conversational agents. Master’s thesis, NTNU (2018)
Song, Y., Yan, R., Li, C.T., Nie, J.Y., Zhang, M., Zhao, D.: An ensemble of retrieval-based and generation-based human-computer conversation systems (2018)
Song, Y., Yan, R., Li, X., Zhao, D., Zhang, M.: Two are better than one: an ensemble of retrieval-and generation-based dialog systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.07149 (2016)
Valtolina, S., Barricelli, B., Gaetano, S., Diliberto, P.: Chatbots and conversational interfaces: three domains of use. In: International Workshop on Cultures of Participation in the Digital Age: Design Trade-offs for an Inclusive Society Co-located with the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, vol. 2101, pp. 62–70. CEUR-WS (2018)
Wu, Y., Wu, W., Xing, C., Zhou, M., Li, Z.: Sequential matching network: a new architecture for multi-turn response selection in retrieval-based chatbots. arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.01627 (2016)
Yan, Z., et al.: DocChat: an information retrieval approach for chatbot engines using unstructured documents. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), vol. 1, pp. 516–525 (2016)
Zamora, J.: I’m sorry, Dave, I’m afraid I can’t do that: chatbot perception and expectations. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction, pp. 253–260. ACM (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
El Hefny, W., El Bolock, A., Herbert, C., Abdennadher, S. (2020). Towards a Generic Framework for Character-Based Chatbots. In: De La Prieta, F., et al. Highlights in Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, and Trust-worthiness. The PAAMS Collection. PAAMS 2020. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1233. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51999-5_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51999-5_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-51998-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-51999-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)