Abstract
In tracking face and facial actions of unknown people, it is essential to take into account two components of facial shape variations: shape variation between people and variation caused by different facial actions such as facial expressions. This paper presents a monocular method of tracking faces and facial actions using a multilinear face model that treats interpersonal and intrapersonal shape variations separately. We created this method using a multilinear face model by integrating two different frameworks: particle filter-based tracking for time-dependent facial action and pose estimation and incremental bundle adjustment for person-dependent shape estimation. This unique combination together with multilinear face models is the key to tracking faces and facial actions of arbitrary people in real time with no pre-learned individual face models. Experiments using real video sequences demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gokturk, S.B., Bouguet, J.Y., Grzeszczuk, R.: A data-driven model for monocular face tracking. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision, vol. 2, pp. 701–708. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2001)
Munoz, E., Buenaposada, J.M., Baumela, L.: Efficient model-based 3d tracking of deformable objects. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision, pp. 877–882. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2005)
Oka, K., Sato, Y.: Real-time modeling of face deformation for 3-d head pose estimation. In: Zhao, W., Gong, S., Tang, X. (eds.) AMFG 2005. LNCS, vol. 3723, pp. 308–320. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Xiao, J., Baker, S., Matthews, I., Kanade, T.: Real-time combined 2d+3d active appearance models. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. 2, pp. 535–542. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2004)
Zhu, Z., Ji, Q.: Robust real-time face pose and facial expression recovery. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 681–688. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2006)
Gross, R., Matthews, I., Baker, S.: Generic vs. person specific active appearance models. Image and Vision Computing 23(11), 1080–1093 (2005)
Zhu, J., Hoi, S.C.H., Lyu, M.R.: Real-time non-rigid shape recovery via active appearance models for augmented reality. In: Leonardis, A., Bischof, H., Pinz, A. (eds.) ECCV 2006. LNCS, vol. 3951, pp. 186–197. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Dornaika, F., Davoine, F.: On appearance based face and facial action tracking. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology 16(9), 1107–1124 (2006)
Vlasic, D., Brand, M., Pfister, H., Popovic, J.: Face transfer with multilinear models. In: ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH 2005), vol. 24(3), pp. 426–433. ACM Press, New York (2005)
DeCarlo, D., Metaxas, D.: Adjusting shape parameters using model-based optical flow residuals. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 24(6), 814–823 (2002)
Xin, L., Wang, Q., Tao, J., Tang, X., Tan, T., Shum, H.: Automatic 3d face modeling from video. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision, vol. 2, pp. 1193–1199. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2005)
Vacchetti, L., Lepetit, V., Fua, P.: Stable real-time 3d tracking using online and offline information. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 26(10), 1380–1384 (2004)
Del Bue, A., Smeraldi, F., Agapito, L., Mary, Q.: Non-rigid structure from motion using non-parametric tracking and non-linear optimization. In: Proc. IEEE Workshop on Articulated and Non-Rigid Motion, vol. 1, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2004)
Zhang, Z., Shan, Y.: Incremental motion estimation through modified bundle adjustment. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, vol. 2, pp. 343–346. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2003)
Lourakis, M.I.A.: levmar: Levenberg-marquardt nonlinear least squares algorithms in C/C++ (2004), http://www.ics.forth.gr/~lourakis/levmar/
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sugano, Y., Sato, Y. (2007). Person-Independent Monocular Tracking of Face and Facial Actions with Multilinear Models. In: Zhou, S.K., Zhao, W., Tang, X., Gong, S. (eds) Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures. AMFG 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4778. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75690-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75690-3_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-75689-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-75690-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)