Fuchsberger grew up in Heidelberg, attended secondary school and was conscripted into the Reich Labor Service. Towards the end of the war he received training as a parachutist at the jumper school in Wittstock. After the war, Fuchsberger initially worked as a miner and fitter. In 1949 he became advertising manager for the German Building Exhibition in Nuremberg. In 1950, Fuchsberger started his media career as a speaker for Bayerischer Rundfunk and soon appeared in front of the camera as an actor. In 1951 he married the pop singer Gitta Lind. After two and a half years the marriage ended in divorce. In 1954 he became known as "Private Asch" in the "08/15" films. In the same year he married the actress Gundula Korte. Their son Thomas was born on August 5, 1957.

From 1959 to 1972, Fuchsberger, who was also called "Blacky" Fuchsberger by his fans, appeared in twelve Edgar Wallace film adaptations, with which he enjoyed great success. By this point he had already appeared in 85 feature films. Blacky didn't just limit himself to acting, but was also the songwriter and show host of shows such as "Just Don't Get Nervous", "Glücksspirale", "The Hot Wire" and "Let's Go". In addition, he published his first book, "Unplanned Adventures," in 1972. In the same year he was chief spokesman at the Summer Olympics in Munich. In 1973, Fuchsberger appeared in front of the camera as an actor for the last time when he appeared in the Erich Kästner film adaptation "The Flying Classroom". Fuchsberger celebrated success with his celebrity show "Heut Abend" from 1980 onward. In total it was broadcast 300 times by 1991. In 1984, Fuchsberger became ambassador for the United Nations Children's Fund "UNICEF". He was the first German to be appointed to this office.

In the 1980s he discovered his love for Australia, where he lived alternately on the island of Tasmania and in Sydney. In 1987 his book "Good Morning, Australia" came out and since 1988 he has been making films for his TV series "Terra Australis". From 1990 to 1994, Fuchsberger was the presenter of the guessing show "Yes or No" and in 1995 he returned to acting as an actor for the first time in 22 years. He played Count "Alessio Capilupi" in the three-part television series "Flames of Love". Towards the end of the 1990s he appeared in other TV films. In 1998 he appeared in front of the camera for "The Four Kings" and "Tristan and Isolde - A Love for Eternity". Fuchsberger received numerous awards in his long career, including the "Bambi" in 1969 and 1982, the "Bavarian Order of Merit" in 1979, the "Golden Camera" in 1981, the Federal Cross of Merit in 1983, the "Golden Europe" in 1986 and the Grand Federal Cross of Merit in 1994, 2005 the Bavarian Television Prize and in 2006 the Bavarian State Medal for Social Services. In Australia in 1999 he received a certificate of thanks from Tasmania's Prime Minister Jim Bacon for his "extraordinary commitment and services to the state".

In 2000 he completed his 17th film in the series "Terra Australis". Joachim "Blacky" Fuchsberger continued to play theater even in his old age: from 2001 he appeared with Ralf Bauer in the play "The Priest Maker". In the role of the aging priest, he probably showed one of his best acting performances in the confrontation with the non-conformist student priest. The actor was awarded the honorary Bavarian Television Prize on June 3, 2005. As an ambassador for UNICEF, he received the Bavarian State Medal for Social Services in Munich on November 13, 2006. After many years of absence from the screen, Fuchsberger starred in the satire "News from the Wixxer" in 2007, based on his Edgar Wallace successes. In 2009 he became a member of the board of trustees of the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup and patron of the volunteer program for the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup. On October 14, 2010, his son Thomas drowned in the Kulmbach mill stream. In 2011 he received the television award for his life's work. On June 4, 2013, he suffered his second stroke after 2003.

Joachim Fuchsberger died on September 11, 2014, at the age of 87, in Grünwald near Munich.