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1-49 of 49
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Hermann Göring was born on January 12, 1893, in Rosenheim, Bavaria, the son of a prominent judge. He entered the German Royal Military Academy at Gross Lichterfeide outside Berlin in his teens and graduated in 1911. At the beginning of World War I he saw service as an infantry lieutenant but soon transfered to the air corps. During the war he racked up 22 aerial kills, earning the coveted Blue Max and a promotion to commanding officer of Manfred von Richthofen's "Flying Circus" in 1918 after that famous ace was killed in action. In the years following World War I Göring became one of Adolf Hitler's most devoted followers. The former war hero was named head of Hitler's private army, the Brownshirts, a Nazi paramilitary organization similar to the Blackshirt fascist group in Italy commanded by Benito Mussolini, in 1922. Göring took part in the unsuccessful "Beer Hall Putsch" attempt to overthrow the Bavarian state government in 1923, was wounded and spent some time in prison. In 1933, after Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, Göring became commissioner for aviation and in 1935 commander in chief of the newly established German Air Force (the Luftwaffe). By the opening days of World War II, Göring had built the Luftwaffe into the largest air force in the world. His planes performed superbly in the "blitzkrieg" campaigns against Poland, the Low Countries, Norway and France. In recognition of his work, Göring was promoted to Reichsmarschall (a rank above field marshal) on June 19, 1940. The tall, heavyset Göring became well known for his garish, colorful uniforms and his devotion to the war aims of the Nazi party, rivaled only by Hitler's. Göring didn't confine his efforts on behalf of the Nazi party to purely military matters, however; he also developed much of Nazi Germany's anti-Jewish legislation.
Unfortunately for Göring, his hour of military triumph was short-lived. He seriously botched the Battle of Britain in August and September of 1940 by overestimating the Luftwaffe's capability for long-range combat and underestimating the resolve of Britain's Royal Air Force, which resulted in the loss of huge numbers of his aircraft in daily air raids against England, not to mention the death or capture of thousands of his most experienced bomber crews. During the invasion of the Soviet Union in June of 1941, the Luftwaffe first held the upper hand against the undertrained and underequipped Soviet Air Force. However, it wasn't long before the tide turned, and before long the Russians were turning out thousands of fighters and bombers and inflicting serious damage on the Luftwaffe, which could ill afford such losses. Starting in 1943 Allied bombers had turned the tide of the air war against Germany, and Göring's vaunted Luftwaffe began losing increasing numbers of planes, not to mention experienced pilots, to the US and British air forces, and Allied bombing campaigns smashed many more German aircraft on the ground in addition to destroying many aircraft factories. In April 1945, with the defeat of Germany a certainty, Göring suggested to Hitler that he make peace with the Allies before they brought total destruction to Germany. Enraged, Hitler ordered his arrest. Göring managed to escape from Nazi custody but was captured on May 2, 1945, by soldiers of the U.S. 7th Army. He was eventually tried, convicted and sentenced to death for crimes against humanity during the war crimes trials at Nuremberg late in 1945. His lawyers fought for time with appeals and requests to overturn his death sentence, but they were all denied. On October 15, 1946, just two hours before the former Reichsmarshall was to face the hangman to pay for his crimes, the 53-year-old Hermann Göring committed suicide in his jail cell by taking poison that he somehow had smuggled in with him.- Lizzy Aumeier was born on 20 January 1964 in Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Bavaria, Germany. She was an actress, known for Murggs (2013), Südstadtgeflüster (2016) and Dahoam is Dahoam (2007). She was married to Andreas Stock. She died on 10 October 2024 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.
- Chingiz Aitmatov was a Russian-Kyrgyz writer and statesman known for such films as The First Teacher (1965), The Girl with the Red Scarf (1977) and Jamila (1995).
He was born Chingiz Torekulovich Aitmatov on December 12, 1928, in Kirgizia, Soviet Union. His family was bilingual, Russian-Kyrgyz. His father, Torekul Aitmatov, was one of the first Kyrgyz communists and a regional party secretary. In 1937, while attending the Institute for Red Professorship in Moscow, Torekul was arrested and executed on charges of anti-Soviet bourgeois nationalism. Young Aitmatov was brought up by a single mother. He attended the Russian school, then Kyrgyz Agricultural Institute in Frunze, but changed from the study of livestock to the study of literature at the Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow.
He made his literary debut in Russia, in 1952, with publication of his stories in Russian. From 1958 to 1966 he was roving correspondent for the leading Soviet Newspaper Pravda. In 1967 he became a member of the Executive Board of the Soviet Writers Union, and in 1968 he won the Soviet State Prize for literature for his novel Farewell, Gulsary!, a tale of an old man reminiscing about the parallel lives of himself and his old horse, which is dying. Aitmatov won two more State Prizes in 1977 and 1983, and was named a Hero of Socialist Labor in 1978.
From 1964 to 1985 he was Chairman of the Cinema Union of Kyrgyzian SSR, and in 1985 he was named Chairman of the Kyrgyz Writers Union. In 1990-1991 he served as an advisor to Mikhail Gorbachev and in 1990 was appointed Soviet Ambassabor to Luxemburg. He served as the Soviet and then Russian ambassador to Belgium from 1990 to 1993. In 1995, he became Kyrgyzstan's ambassador to Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands and also represented his home country in the European Union, NATO and UNESCO. During the 1990s, Chingiz Aitmatov was member of the Kyrgyzstan's parliament.
His representative works : 'Jamila' (1958), 'The First Teacher' (1967), 'Farewell, Gyulsary!' (1967), 'The White Ship' (1972), and 'The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years' (1988) were translated in more than 20 languages across the world. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Aitmatov's novels found a new audience in the West and gained popularity in Germany. He died of pneumonia and kidney failure on June 10, 2008, in Nuremberg, Germany, and was laid to rest in Kyrgyzstan. - Music Department
- Composer
- Soundtrack
Johann Pachelbel was born on 1 September 1653 in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire [now Germany]. Johann was a composer, known for Dude, Where's My Car? (2000), Asteroid City (2023) and Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007). Johann died on 3 March 1706 in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire [now Germany].- Actor
- Director
- Writer
Dieter Borsche was born on 25 October 1909 in Hannover, Germany. He was an actor and director, known for Die große Versuchung (1952), Fanfaren der Liebe (1951) and No Greater Love (1952). He was married to Ursula Willick, Monika Drum and Ursula Poser. He died on 5 August 1982 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, West Germany.- Julius Streicher was born in Fleinhausen, Bavaria, Germany, the son of a schoolteacher. He himself worked as a schoolteacher until the outbreak of World War I, when he joined the German army. He won the Iron Cross for bravery under fire and was promoted to lieutenant.
After the war ended, Streicher, like many Germans, was extremely bitter about Germany's loss and its occupation by foreign troops, and began to place the blame for all of Germany's troubles on "the Jews". He became active in the Schutz und Trutz Bund, a violently anti-Semitic political organization. In 1920 he joined the right-wing German Socialist party, but his extreme anti-Semitic views alienated even them, and he left to join an even more extreme right-wing and anti-Semitic organization, the German Working Community, and became one of its leaders. In 1922 he became acquainted with Adolf Hitler, who made such a favorable impression on Streicher that he merged his organization with Hitler's much smaller Nazi party, giving Hitler the strength and political and financial resources he so fervently sought. Streicher was one of the participants in the abortive "Beer Hall Putsch" of 1923, when Hitler and his band of Nazis attempted to overthrow the Bavarian government, but which ended in a shootout with Munich police in which 16 Nazis were killed and Hitler, Streicher and other Nazi leaders were arrested. Streicher was sentenced to a month in jail, and upon his release began the virulently anti-Semitic newspaper "Der Sturmer", which was basically a Nazi propaganda sheet which Streicher used to build a groundswell of hatred against Jews and all things Jewish. Even his critics admitted he was a good writer and a spellbinding orator, and before long "Der Sturmer" had a circulation of more than 800,000. Every issue of the paper was filled with wild stories and articles "proving" that Jews were responsible for such calamities as the Great Depression, had deliberately caused the dire economic straits that many Germans found themselves in, were behind the kidnappings of "pure" German women who were then sold into slavery and prostitution to be defiled by "inferior" races, deliberately infected "Aryans" with syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases in order to wipe out the Christian religion, and other tales even more outlandish. Eventually even high Nazi officials such as Hermann Göring and Rudolf Hess implored Hitler to clamp down on Streicher, as his outrageous Jew-hating propaganda was beginning to alienate even Nazi sympathizers, but Hitler ignored their requests.
In 1933, after Hitler had assumed power in Germany, Streicher was named Gauleiter of Franconia. His heavy-handed rule made enemies of many Nazi officials, however, and in 1940 he was stripped off all his offices after becoming entangled in a financial scandal involving Jewish property seized by the Nazis after the infamous "Kristallnacht" in 1938. In addition, he had been spreading stories, later proved to be untrue, about Nazi leader Goring. Although he lost much of his power, he and Hitler still remained close friends.
After the defeat of Nazi Germany Streicher tried to escape the country, but was spotted by an alert US Army captain and arrested. Because of his relentless and outrageous propaganda that year in and year out exhorted hatred of and violence against Europe's Jews, which the Allied authorities believed was a significant contributing factor in enabling the Nazis to carry out their "Final Solution" extermination program against them, and for his wholehearted approval of that program--he knew all about it, although he himself had no official part in it--Streicher was charged with crimes against humanity and was a defendant in the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials. He was found guilty and sentenced to death, and hanged on October 16, 1946. Unrepentant to the end, he snarled at the hangman, "One day the Jews will hang you, too!" and his last words were "Heil Hitler!" - Ernst Kaltenbrunner was born in 1903 in the Austrian city of Ried. In the 1920s he went to law school and became a lawyer, starting his own practice in Linz in 1929. During this time he also became a professional fencer. In 1932 he joined the Austrian Nazi Party and the Austrian branch of the SS. He was commissioned an SS-Sturmhauptführer (Captain) on the staff of the SS Austrian Group "Donau", but the Austrian SS was considered an underground and illegal organization by the Austrian government, and Kaltenbrunner was arrested and jailed for high treason in 1934. He was released from prison the next year, however, and was appointed by his German leaders to become the commander of the entire Austrian division of the SS. In 1937 he was promoted to SS-Oberführer (Brigadier General) and began working with Arthur Seyß-Inquart to put in motion the Austrian "Anschluss" (union) with Germany and merge Austria into the Third Reich.
When the two countries united in 1938, Kaltenbrunner was promoted to Lieutenant General (Gruppenführer) and appointed as the Higher SS and Police Leader of Austria. He at once introduced the security forces of the Gestapo and SS Security Service (SD) into the new "Ostmark" of the German Reich and, in addition, proceeded to open the death camp at Mauthausen. Meanwhile, his SS troopers were strictly enforcing the newly enacted anti-Jewish measures in the streets and towns of Austria.
In 1942 Kaltenbrunner became an SS-General (Obergruppenführer) and was assigned to succeed Reinhard Heydrich as the commander of the Reich Central Security Office (RSO) of the SS. This put him in direct command of what the Nazis termed the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question", in which wholesale genocide was carried out against the Jewish population of Europe, resulting in the deaths of over six million Jews.
Kaltenbrunner's reputation for ruthlessness and brutality came to the forefront in 1944 when he was put in charge of tracking down, arresting and interrogating those who had been involved in the famous July 1944 assassination attempt against Adolf Hitler. While he excelled at that task, in his other duties he was considered somewhat incompetent and was rumored to be an alcoholic. Historians have theorized that Heinrich Himmler appointed Kaltenbrunner to succeed Heydrich, because the clever, capable and devious Heydrich had become far too powerful in the SS and Himmler wanted a less competent man to take his place who would, in turn, not pose a threat to Himmler's own authority.
In 1945 Kaltenbrunner moved his headquarters from Berlin to Austria and attempted to negotiate an Austrian surrender to the Allies. While this was partially successful, he must have been somewhat surprised to find himself under arrest at the end of the war and charged as a major war criminal. He was among the Nazi hierarchy put on trial at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials in 1946, although he missed the first half of the proceedings against him due to illness. Found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, Ernst Kaltenbrunner was sentenced to be hanged, and was sent to the gallows at Nuremberg on October 1, 1946. - Hans Frank was born in Karlsruhe, Germany, on May 23, 1900. At age 17 he joined the German army and fought in World War I. After the war he got involved in the "freikorps" movement, extreme right-wing paramilitary units that engaged in intimidation, extortion, street brawls and political murders (many of these groups were later absorbed into the SS when the Nazis came to power).
Frank joined the Nazi party and took part in the abortive "Beer Hall Putsch" of 1923, when Adolf Hitler and a small band of Nazi followers attempted, unsuccessfully, to overthrow the Bavarian government. Frank later became a lawyer and a legal advisor to both Hitler and the Nazi party. In 1930 he was elected to the German parliament (Reichstag). Upon Hitler's ascension to German Chancellor in 1933, Frank was appointed as Justice Minister in Bavaria. In 1934, when Hitler moved against Ernst Röhm and the "brownshirts" of the SA, whom he feared were planning to seize power from him, Frank apparently objected to the summary executions of many of the SA's leaders, but his objections were ignored and the executions were carried out. As a result, Frank lost much of what influence he had in the party organization.
When World War II broke out Frank was appointed Governor General of Poland, and under his administration the infamous death camps were utilized as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" program of exterminating European Jews, which resulted in the death of millions of Jews, Gypsies and other "undesirables". Also under his administration, the SS and Gestapo were known to have committed horrific atrocities against Polish civilians whom they suspected of being involved with the Polish resistance, including mass rapes, liquidation of entire villages, massacres of women and children and wholesale deportations to concentration camps (at his trial after the war Frank denied any and all knowledge of those incidents and placed the blame on Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS).
Frank was captured by Allied forces in May of 1945 and placed on trial with other high Nazi officials at the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, charged with, among other things, crimes against humanity. He was found guilty and sentenced to death. Before the sentence was carried out he converted to Roman Catholicism, and finally admitted his involvement in the carrying out of the Holocaust, among other things, and asked to be forgiven. He was hanged on October 1, 1946. - Alfred Rosenberg was born on 12 January 1893 in Reval, Russian Empire [now Tallinn, Estonia]. He was married to Hedwig Kramer and Hilda Elfriede Leesmann. He died on 16 October 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany.
- Actor
- Director
- Writer
Umer Sharif was born on 19 April 1955 in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. He was an actor and director, known for Mr. 420 (1992), Mr. Charlie (1993) and Miss Troublesome (1993). He was married to Zareen Ghazal, Shakeela Qureshi and Deeba Omer. He died on 2 October 2021 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.- Joachim von Ribbentrop was born on 30 April 1893 in Wesel, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. He was married to Anna Elisabeth Henkell. He died on 16 October 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany.
- Colonel General Alfred Jodl was Chief of Operations in the High Command of the Wehrmacht from 1940 until the end of the war. At the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials Jodl was charged with approving orders that violated the rules of war. He was found guilty and hanged on 16th October, 1946.
- Writer
- Art Department
Albrecht Dürer was born on 21 May 1471 in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire [now Bavaria, Germany]. He was a writer, known for Knight, Death and the Devil (2023) and Unser Sandmännchen (1959). He died on 6 April 1528 in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire [now Bavaria, Germany].- Ricky Renée was born on 3 September 1929 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. He was an actor, known for Cabaret (1972), Goodbye Gemini (1970) and World by Night (1960). He died on 29 October 2017 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.
- John Davis was born on 31 August 1954 in Anderson, South Carolina, USA. He was an actor, known for The Real Milli Vanilli: Keep on Running (1990), The Real Milli Vanilli: Nice 'N Easy (When We Make Love) (1991) and The Real Milli Vanilli: Too Late (True Love) (1991). He died on 24 May 2021 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.
- Wilhelm Frick was born on 12 March 1877 in Alsenz, Rockenhausen, Palatinate, Germany. He was married to Margarete Schultze-Naumburg and Elisabetha Emilie Nagel. He died on 16 October 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany.
- Leo Bieber was born in 1904 in Breslau, Silesia, Germany [now Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland]. He was an actor, known for Take My Life (1947), The Great Manhunt (1950) and Destination Death (1961). He died on 22 August 1981 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.
- Wilhelm Keitel was born on 22 September 1882 in Helmscherode, Germany. He was married to Lisa Fontaine. He died on 16 October 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany.
- Fritz Sauckel was born on 27 October 1894 in Haßfurt, Bavaria, Germany. He was married to Elisabeth (Lisa) Wetzel. He died on 16 October 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany.
- Robert Ley was born on 15 February 1890 in Niederbreidenbach, Germany. He was married to Inga Spilcker and Elisabeth Schmidt. He died on 25 October 1945 in Nuremberg, Germany.
- Raimund Gensel was born on 22 June 1940 in Gera, Thuringia, Germany. He was an actor, known for Tatort (1970), Die Wache (1994) and Geschichten aus der Heimat (1983). He died on 1 February 2002 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.
- Anneli Granget was born on 11 August 1935 in Königsberg, East-Prussia, Germany [now Kaliningrad, Russia]. She was an actress, known for Unseliger Sommer (1961), Jeder stirbt für sich allein (1962) and Hafenkrankenhaus (1968). She died on 25 April 1971 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, West Germany.
- Max Morlock was born on 11 May 1925 in Nuremberg, Germany. He was married to Ingeborg. He died on 10 September 1994 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.
- Horst Herold was born on 21 October 1923 in Sonneberg, Germany. He was married to ???. He died on 14 December 2018 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.
- Additional Crew
Hermann Oberth was born on 25 June 1894 in Hermannstadt, Austria-Hungary. He is known for Woman in the Moon (1929) and Chariots of the Gods (1970). He was married to Mathilde Hummel. He died on 29 December 1989 in Nuremberg, Bavaria, West Germany.