At the Paris premiere, Luis Buñuel hid behind the screen with stones in his pockets for fear of being attacked by the confused audience. Nothing of the sort happened. In fact, the audience loved its mysterious and incomprehensible plot.
Luis Buñuel told Salvador Dalí about a dream in which a cloud sliced the moon in half "like a razor blade slicing through an eye." Dalí responded that he'd dreamt about a hand crawling with ants. Out of these two dreams this film was born.
(at around 1 min) A dead calf's eye was used in the scene where the woman's eye is slit.
David Bowie began every concert in his 1976 "Station to Station" tour by showing this film. (If you've ever heard an audience groan at the opening scene, imagine an entire auditorium, most of whom were undoubtedly seeing it for the first time.)