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Satellite Comms Link Budget

1) A satellite link budget involves complex tradeoffs to design a cost-effective system, considering factors like transmitter power, antenna gains and losses, noise, and interference. 2) Key link parameters include EIRP, G/T, path loss, noise temperature, and C/N ratio, which are used to calculate signal power and noise. Higher antenna gains and lower noise temperatures improve link performance. 3) Link performance is measured by bit error rate (BER), with typical thresholds of 10^-3 for voice and 10^-4 for data. BER improves as the energy per bit to noise density (Eb/N0) ratio increases. Forward error correction coding can improve performance at the cost of

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102 views5 pages

Satellite Comms Link Budget

1) A satellite link budget involves complex tradeoffs to design a cost-effective system, considering factors like transmitter power, antenna gains and losses, noise, and interference. 2) Key link parameters include EIRP, G/T, path loss, noise temperature, and C/N ratio, which are used to calculate signal power and noise. Higher antenna gains and lower noise temperatures improve link performance. 3) Link performance is measured by bit error rate (BER), with typical thresholds of 10^-3 for voice and 10^-4 for data. BER improves as the energy per bit to noise density (Eb/N0) ratio increases. Forward error correction coding can improve performance at the cost of

Uploaded by

Zakky 'Trixy' Baidhowy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Satellite Communication

Lecture # 9

Link Budget

Link Budget

Introduction
Overall design of a complete satellite communications system involves many complex trade-offs to obtain a costeffective solutions Factors which dominate are Downlink EIRP, G/T and SFD of Satellite Earth Station Antenna Frequency Interference

General Architecture
EIRP down

Transmit Earth Station


Downlink

Uplink

G/T & SFD Downlink Path Loss Rain Attenuation

Antenna Gain Power of Amplifier

Uplink Path Loss Rain Attenuation

Uplink
Path Loss Rain Attenuation
G/T ES

EIRP Up Gt Pt LNA / LNB HPA / Transceiver

Satellite
G/T EIRP
(Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power)

Receiving Earth Station


Antenna Gain LNA /LNB Noise Temperature Other Equipment

SFD (Saturated Flux Density) Amplifier Characteristic

Downlink
Path Loss Rain Attenuation

Signal Power Calculation


Antenna Gain G = ( * d / ) 2 [dBi]
Where, =C/f, C = Speed of light f = frequency of interest = efficiency of antenna (%), d = diameter of antenna (m)

Signal Power Calculation


Antenna Beam width 3dB = 70 * C / df [degrees]

Where, C= 3x108 m/s (Velocity of Light)

EIRP
Is the effective radiated power from the transmitting side and is the product of the antenna gain and the transmitting power,
expressed as

Signal Power (Pr)


Pr = EIRP Path Loss + Gr (sat)
Where, Path Loss = (4D / ) 2 D is the Slant Range (m)

[dB]

EIRP = Gt + Pt Lf
Where, Lf is the Feed Losses

[dB]

Noise Calculation

Thermal Noise
Is the noise of a system generated by the random movement of electronics, expressed as Noise Power = KTB Where, K= (-228.6 dBJ/K) T= Equivalent Noise Temperature (K) B= Noise Bandwidth of a receiver

Effective Temperature
Te = T1 + (T2/G1)
Where, T1= Temperature of LNA T2= Temperature of D/C G1= Gain of LNA

Noise Temperature
Ts = Tant / Lf+(1-1/Lf)Tf
Where , Tant = Temperature of antenna Lf = Feed Losses Tf = Feed Temperature

Effective Temperature
Tsys = Ts + Te
Being a first stage in the receiving chain, LNA is the major factor for the System Temperature Calculation Lower the noise figure of LNA lower the system temperature Antenna temperature depends on the elevation angle from the earth station to satellite

G/T (Gain to System Noise Temperature)


This is the Figure of merit of any receiving system It is the ratio of gain of the system and system noise temperature

G/T = G-10log (Tsys)

[dB/K]

Link Analysis
C/N Uplink
(C/N)u = (EIRP)e-(Path Loss)u+(G/T)sat-K-Noise BW [dB]

Eb/No (Energy per bit per Noise Power Density)


Is the performance criterion for any desire BER It is the measure at the input to the receiver Is used as the basic measure of how strong the signal is Directly related to the amount of power transmitted from the uplink station Eb/No = (C/N)T + Noise BW Information Rate

C/N Downlink
(C/N)d = (EIRP)sat-(Path Loss)d+(G/T)e-K-Noise BW [dB]

C/N Total
(C/N)T-1 = (C/N)u-1 + (C/N)d-1 + [C/I)IM-1 + [C/I]adj-1 + [C/I]xp-1 [dB]

Carrier Parameters
Solution - Carrier Performance:
Eb/No Threshold Bit Error Rate (BER) Rain Attenuation

Bit Error Rate (BER)


Why is it used? - To represent the amount of errors occurring in a transmission - To express the link quality What is it? - BER is an equipment characteristic - BER is directly related to Eb/No - BER improves as the Eb/No gets larger

P = 1/2 e -Eb/No

(with P = Probability of error)

Carrier Parameters
Performance:
Application specific
Digital voice links: BER threshold 10-3
Data links: - BER threshold: 10-4

Carrier Parameters
Performance:
Typical Eb/No values for different FEC
Eb/No for FEC 1/2 (dB) 6.5 7.1 7.6 9.9 Eb/No for FEC 3/4 (dB) 8.0 8.7 9.2 11.0 Eb/No for FEC 7/8 (dB) 9.1 9.7 10.4 12.1 BER 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-10

Rain Attenuation
Performance - Rain Attenuation:
Availability
Rain Margins
Typically 99.60 % for Ku-Band Typically 99.96 % for C-Band
E/S
TO L TE SA E LIT

Questions?

Performance - Additional Margins:


Adjacent Satellite Interference (ASI) Interference Margins

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