Home Work 5 Chapter 5

10. A 0.150 kg particle moves along an x axis according to x(t) = -13.00 + 2.00t + 4.00t
2
- 3.00t
3
,
withx in meters and t in seconds. In unit-vector notation, what is the net force acting on the
particle at t= 3.40 s?

Solutions:

To solve the problem, we note that acceleration is the second time derivative of the position function,
and the net force is related to the acceleration via Newtons second law. Thus, differentiating
2 3
( ) 13.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 x t t t t = + +
twice with respect to t, we get
2
2
2
2.00 8.00 9.00 , 8.00 18.0
dx d x
t t t
dt dt
= + =
The net force acting on the particle at 3.40 s t = is

| |
2
2

i (0.150) 8.00 18.0(3.40) i ( 7.98 N)i
d x
F m
dt
= = =

13. Figure 5-33 shows an arrangement in which four disks are suspended by cords. The longer,
top cord loops over a frictionless pulley and pulls with a force of magnitude 98 N on the wall
to which it is attached. The tensions in the three shorter cords are T
1
= 58.8 N, T
2
= 49.0 N,
and T
3
= 9.8 N. What are the masses of (a) disk A, (b) disk B, (c) disk C, and (d) disk D?






Figure 5-33 Problem 13.



Solutions:

(a) From the fact that T
3
= 9.8 N, we conclude the mass of disk D is 1.0 kg. Both this and that of disk C
cause the tension T
2
= 49 N, which allows us to conclude that disk C has a mass of 4.0 kg. The weights of
these two disks plus that of disk B determine the tension T
1
= 58.8 N, which leads to the conclusion that
m
B
= 1.0 kg. The weights of all the disks must add to the 98 N force described in the problem; therefore,
disk A has mass 4.0 kg.
(b) m
B
= 1.0 kg, as found in part (a).
(c) m
C
= 4.0 kg, as found in part (a).
(d) m
D
= 1.0 kg, as found in part (a).


34. In Fig. 5-40, a crate of mass m = 100 kg is pushed at constant speed up a frictionless ramp
( = 30.0) by a horizontal force . What are the magnitudes of (a) and (b) the force on
the crate from the ramp?






Figure 5-40 Problem 34.



Solutions:

We resolve this horizontal force into appropriate components.
(a) Newtons second law applied to the x-axis produces
F mg ma cos sin . u u =

For a = 0, this yields F = 566 N.
(b) Applying Newtons second law to the y axis (where there is no acceleration), we have

sin cos 0
N
F F mg u u =
which yields the normal force F
N
= 1.13 10
3
N.



44. A lamp hangs vertically from a cord in a descending elevator that decelerates at 2.4 m/s
2
.
(a) If the tension in the cord is 89 N, what is the lamp's mass? (b) What is the cord's tension
when the elevator ascends with an upward acceleration of 2.4 m/s
2
?

Solutions:

(a) The term deceleration means the acceleration vector is in the direction opposite to the velocity
vector (which the problem tells us is downward). Thus (with +y upward) the acceleration is a = +2.4
m/s
2
. Newtons second law leads to
T mg ma m
T
g a
= =
+

which yields m = 7.3 kg for the mass.
(b) Repeating the above computation (now to solve for the tension) with a = +2.4 m/s
2
will, of course,
lead us right back to T = 89 N. Since the direction of the velocity did not enter our computation, this is to
be expected.



51. Figure 5-47 shows two blocks connected by a cord (of negligible mass) that passes over a
frictionless pulley (also of negligible mass). The arrangement is known as Atwood's machine.
One block has mass m
1
= 1.30 kg; the other has mass m
2
= 2.80 kg. What are (a) the
magnitude of the blocks' acceleration and (b) the tension in the cord?






Figure 5-47 Problems 51 and 65.


Solutions:

The free-body diagrams for
1
m and
2
m are shown in the figures below. The only forces on the blocks are
the upward tension T and the downward gravitational forces
1 1
F m g = and
2 2
F m g = . Applying
Newtons second law, we obtain:

1 1
2 2
T m g m a
m g T m a
=
=


which can be solved to yield


2 1
2 1
m m
a g
m m
| |
=
|
+
\ .



Substituting the result back, we have

1 2
1 2
2mm
T g
m m
| |
=
|
+
\ .


(a) With
1
1.3 kg m = and
2
2.8 kg m = , the acceleration becomes


2 2 2
2.80 kg 1.30 kg
(9.80 m/s ) 3.59 m/s 3.6 m/s .
2.80 kg 1.30 kg
a
| |
= = ~
|
+
\ .

(b) Similarly, the tension in the cord is
2
2(1.30 kg)(2.80 kg)
(9.80 m/s ) 17.4 N 17 N.
1.30 kg 2.80 kg
T = = ~
+




64. Figure 5-56 shows a box of mass m
2
= 1.0 kg on a frictionless plane inclined at angle = 30.
It is connected by a cord of negligible mass to a box of mass m
1
= 3.0 kg on a horizontal
frictionless surface. The pulley is frictionless and massless. (a) If the magnitude of horizontal
force is 2.3 N, what is the tension in the connecting cord? (b) What is the largest value
the magnitude of may have without the cord becoming slack?







Figure 5-56 Problem 64.



Solutions:

The +x direction for m
2
= 1.0 kg is downhill and the +x direction for m
1
= 3.0 kg is rightward; thus, they
accelerate with the same sign.

(a) We apply Newtons second law to the x axis of each box:
2 2
1
sin m g T m a
F T ma
u =
+ =

Adding the two equations allows us to solve for the acceleration:

2
1 2
sin m g F
a
m m
u +
=
+

With F = 2.3 N and 30 u = , we have a = 1.8 m/s
2
. We plug back in and find T = 3.1 N.
(b) We consider the critical case where the F has reached the max value, causing the tension to vanish.
The first of the equations in part (a) shows that sin30 a g = in this case; thus, a = 4.9 m/s
2
. This
implies (along with T = 0 in the second equation in part (a)) that
F = (3.0 kg)(4.9 m/s
2
) = 14.7 N 15 N ~
in the critical case.


76. A block of mass M is pulled along a horizontal frictionless surface by a rope of mass m, as
shown in Fig. 5-63. A horizontal force acts on one end of the rope. (a) Show that the
rope must sag, even if only by an imperceptible amount. Then, assuming that the sag is
negligible, find (b) the acceleration of rope and block, (c) the force on the block from the
rope, and (d) the tension in the rope at its midpoint.






Figure 5-63 Problem 76.



Solutions:

(a) A small segment of the rope has mass and is pulled down by the gravitational force of the Earth.
Equilibrium is reached because neighboring portions of the rope pull up sufficiently on it. Since tension
is a force along the rope, at least one of the neighboring portions must slope up away from the segment
we are considering. Then, the tension has an upward component, which means the rope sags.

(b) The only force acting with a horizontal component is the applied force

F. Treating the block and

rope as a single object, we write Newtons second law for it: F = (M + m)a, where a is the acceleration
and the positive direction is taken to be to the right. The acceleration is given by a = F/(M + m).

(c) The force of the rope F
r
is the only force with horizontal component acting on the block. Then
Newtons second law for the block gives
F Ma
MF
M m
r
= =
+

where the expression found above for a has been used.
(d) Treating the block and half the rope as a single object, with mass
1
2
M m + , where the horizontal
force on it is the tension T
m
at the midpoint of the rope, we use Newtons second law:
( )
( )
( )
( )
/ 2 2
1
.
2 2
m
M m F M m F
T M m a
M m M m
+ +
| |
= + = =
|
+ +
\ .