UFOCFD

Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

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Introduction Input data file Input parameters Convergence Geometry STL file Check dead regions Serial/parallel solver Monitor convergence Paraview post-pro Development Example Cases

UFOCFD
Introduction

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The computational domain is defined by: the origin location, xm, ym, zm; the mesh cell size, sz; and the mesh array sizes, im, jm, km. This gives a uniform 3D cartesian mesh, which must enclose the STL geometry The boundaries of the flow domain can be labelled: xmin,xmax; ymin, ymax; and zmin, zmax.

The solver is written such that the xmin is the velocity inlet and xmax is the pressure outlet.
The ymin & ymax boundaries are symmetry planes, which can be changed to periodic boundaries by setting yper=1 in the input file, ufo-cfd.txt The zmin & zmax boundaries are set as symmetry planes. This means that the geometry has to lie within the domain, and should be oriented According to the domain boundaries.

UFOCFD
Introduction

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Once the STL geometry is positioned and oriented correctly within the domain, The user needs to specify a LIVE point location il, jl, kl (integers). This refers to the location in the mesh array, where the fluid zone exists. This is important because it will be used to distinguish between the solid and fluid regions.

When the solver is executed (run) it will mark all of the cells in the fluid zone, using a fill routine. There are 3 cells types after this has been done:
CUT-CELLS are those cells intersected by the STL geometry LIVE CELLS are those where the solver will be applied DEAD CELLS are those (enclosed by STL geometry) After running the solver the VTK file is created, which may be loaded into Paraview. The STL file can be loaded into Paraview at same time as the VTK solution, Which allows the user to check the relative position of them both.

UFOCFD
Introduction

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After running the solver the VTK file is created, which may be loaded into Paraview. The array cell_lcd can be used to check that the fill operation has worked correctly As shown below there should be LIVE (red), DEAD (blue), and CUT (green) cells. If the LIVE cells have leaked through to the inside of the STL geometry, there may be hole in the STL file. Alternatively the user can increase the value tdiv which specifies the subdivisions of each STL triangle.

UFOCFD
Introduction

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NCELL=6000 This is essentially a 2D case - there is only 1 cell in the z-direction The domain cuts through the STL geometry at sphere midpoint, There is a dead mesh region inside the sphere geometry, and elsewhere the mesh is live - the cut-cells can be seen in green

NCELL=360000 This is a fully 3D case, and the mesh domain encases the sphere. This mesh is 100x60x60 cells. The origin is marked by green circle. Both cases (2D/3D) are easily specified within the input file, ufo-cfd.txt

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Input data file: ufo-cfd.txt

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This shows the layout of the user input data file

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Input parameters
geomfile sz xm ym zm im jm km il jl kl ni1,ni2,nj1,nj2,nk1,nk2 ex1,ex2,ey1,ey2,ez1,ez2 tmax tdiv tout rgas cp cv mul uini vini wini tini pini uinf vinf winf tinf pinf cfl avg tang yper nits nout nsav (char) (real) (real) (int) (int) (int) (real) (int) (int) (int) (real) (real) (real) (real) (real) (int) (int) (int) (int) (int)

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geometry STL filename size of background cells location of the mesh origin (x y z) size of the 3D mesh array (i j k) live cell location (i j k) number of expanding cells (at xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax etc) mesh expansion factors (at xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax etc) max number of STL tris number of STL tri sub-divisions (default = 8) toggle stl import display off / on (0 or 1) Rgas, Cp, Cv, laminar viscosity u,v,w,T,p initial flowfield values (whole domain) u,v,w,T,p freestream infinity values (at inlet / outlet) courant (cfl) number (default = 0.2) smoothing / averaging (default = 0.2) tangential surface velocity (on / off) ymin & ymax periodic boundary (on / off) total number of iterations screen output data write frequency (iterations) solution VTK file save frequency (iterations)

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Convergence

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There are 2 parameters in the data file (ufo-cfd.txt) which control convergence:

CFL: The CFL number should be in the approximate range 0.0 to 1.0 (set 0.5 as default). Reducing the CFL number reduces the time-step, and stabilises the solution, But if the CFL number is too small, the solution will take a longer to converge

AVG: The avg (smoothing) parameter should be in the range 0.1 to 0.5 (set to 0.1 as default). But it is advisable to reduce this as much as possible to avoid excessive smoothing. A value of 0.1 or 0.2 would be preferable, to prevent oscillations in the solution.

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Geometry STL file: ufo-geom.stl

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Check dead regions

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LIVE point location can be anywhere outside the geonetry

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Running the solver edit the input data file ufo-cfd.txt set OMP_NUM_THREADS=4 echo %OMP_NUM_THREADS% use task manager to monitor CPU run ufo-cfd.exe until converged

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Note: pthreadGC2.dll must be in working directory

UFOCFD
Monitor Convergence

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ufo-cfd.exe > output.txt read output.txt into Excel file plot the convergence data direct gnuplot interface soon

UFOCFD

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Paraview AUTO ACCEPT Toggle Auto Accept ON

Switch ON the Auto Accept option, otherwise you have to press Apply after each operation.

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Paraview STL manipulation Start Paraview

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Paraview STL manipulation Read STL file

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Using File > Open

UFOCFD

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Paraview STL manipulation Surface with edges

To view the triangles of the STL file

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Paraview STL manipulation Transform

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You can translate / scale / rotate your STL fileBUT.

UFOCFD

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Paraview STL manipulation Extract Surface Filter

you must Extract Surface before you can SAVE your new STL file !

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Paraview STL manipulation File Save Data

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File Save Data, and select STL format

UFOCFD

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Paraview STL manipulation Save ASCII format

Choose a filename and then select ASCII (for ufo-cfd solver)

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Paraview Contour plots

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Read in the VTK file

By default it shows the cell_lcd values RED=live, BLUE=solid, GREEN=cut-cells

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Paraview Contour plots View mesh

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Select surface with edges to view the mesh

UFOCFD
Paraview Contour plots View flow-field

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Select velocity magnitude to view the flow-field Press arrow button to rescale the data range

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Paraview Contour plots Slice option

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Select the slice glyph

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Paraview Contour plots Normal direction

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Change the Normal direction to Z=1

UFOCFD

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Paraview Contour plots Show plane and orientation

Deselect show plane and reorient the view

UFOCFD

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Paraview Velocity vectors Cell data to point data

Starting from slice filter Select cell data to point data

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Paraview Velocity vectors Glyph

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Select glyph to view arrows

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Paraview Velocity vectors Change number

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Change number of points

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Paraview Velocity vectors

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Vector options

Change arrow to solid colour Select 2D glyph

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Paraview Streamlines Clip filter

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Load VTK file Select Cell data to Point data Select the Clip icon/filter

UFOCFD

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Paraview Streamlines Change clip origin location

adjust the clip origin until you can see the whole domain

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Paraview Streamlines Stream tracer

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Select stream tracer icon/filter You will see just one or two lines

UFOCFD
Paraview Streamlines Line source

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In the options go down And select Line source

UFOCFD
Paraview Streamlines Line location

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Change the line location - point1 & point2 And change stream colour to solid

UFOCFD
Paraview Streamlines

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Add slice background

Set up a slice behind streamlines Change slice position (to behind)

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Paraview Streamlines Resolution

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And finally Adjust the number of streamlines And load in the STL file

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Development Plan

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Gnuplot interface for convergence

Validation Cases
64-bit compilation Large aero test-cases

Parallelization (done)
Mesh expansion (done)

UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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UFOCFD
Example Cases

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THE END