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Common Lab Values-ABG, CBG, Urinalysis, Mechanical Testing

This document provides reference ranges for normal and abnormal blood test results, including arterial blood gases (ABG), electrolytes, lipids, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, urinalysis, EKG, pulmonary function tests, and bronchography. It indicates the clinical significance of abnormal levels and what conditions they may indicate, such as respiratory or metabolic acidosis/alkalosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk, and pulmonary diseases.

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28K views2 pages

Common Lab Values-ABG, CBG, Urinalysis, Mechanical Testing

This document provides reference ranges for normal and abnormal blood test results, including arterial blood gases (ABG), electrolytes, lipids, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, urinalysis, EKG, pulmonary function tests, and bronchography. It indicates the clinical significance of abnormal levels and what conditions they may indicate, such as respiratory or metabolic acidosis/alkalosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk, and pulmonary diseases.

Uploaded by

Tracy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Blood Sample Normal (“stable”) Abnormal (“unstable”)

ABG
I: assess adequacy of oxygenation;
used to manage pt's respiratory and
metabolic acid-base and electrolyte
homeostasis
• pH • pH: 7.35-7.45 • Any ↑-Metabolic alkalosis
I: test for respiratory or metabolic Venous: 7.31-7.41 (hypokalemia, chronic vomiting);
alkalosis or acidosis Respiratory alkalosis (hypoxemic states-
CHF, CO poisoning, acute severe
pulmonary disease; pain)
Any ↓-Metabolic acidosis (ketoacidosis,
severe diarrhea); Respiratory acidosis
(respiratory failure)
• pCO2 • pCO2: 35-45mm Hg • ↑-COPD, oversedation, head trauma,
I: measure of lung compensation Venous: 40-50mm Hg overoxygenation in a pt. with COPD
for respiratory alkalosis or acidosis ↓-hypoxemia, pulmonary emboli,
anxiety, pain
• pO2 • pO2: 80-100mm Hg • ↑-polycythemia (inc. amt. hemoglobin),
I: measures pressure of O2
dissolved in the plasma; determines
Venous: 40-50mm Hg inc. inspired O2, hyperventilation
effectiveness of O2 therapy ↓-mucus plug, bronchospasm,
pneumothorax, pulmonary edema,
restrictive lung disease, inadequate O2 in
inspired air, severe hypoventilation

• HCO3 • HCO3: 21-28mEq/L • ↑-chronic vomiting, COPD


I: measure of metabolic ↓-chronic/severe diarrhea, starvation,
component of acid-base equilibrium
diabetic ketoacidosis, acute renal failure
• O2 Sat: 95-100% • Used to find O2 content (rqs Hgb
• O2 Saturation
I: indicates % of hemoglobin
values and pO2); once obtained results
saturated w/O2 are those found with pO2 ↑ or ↓ (see
above)
Apoliopoprotein • ApoB-adult male: 50- • ↑-CAD, diabetes, hypothyroidism
I: Evaluates risk of atherosclerosis 125mg/dL ↓-hyperthyroidism, malnutrition,
and CAD chronic pulmonary disease
• Lp(a)-Caucasian • ↑-premature CAD, uncontrolled DM,
male: 2.2-49.4mg/dL, severe hypothyroidism
A-A male: 4.6- ↓-malnutrition
71.8mg/dL
CBG Normal: 70-110mg/dL Critical value for adult male: <50 and
I: Direct measurement of blood >50yo: increase in >400mg/dL
glucose level normal range ↑-hyperglycemia, DM, acute stress
response, chronic renal failure, acute
pancreatitis, diuretic therapy,
corticosteroid therapy
↓-insulinoma, hypothyroidism,
hypopituitarism, insulin overdose,
starvation
RBC Adult/elderly male: ↑-erythrocytosis (illness, physiologic
I: Related to hemoglobin and 4.7-6.1 response to environment), severe COPD
hematocrit levels, another way to RBCx10^6/microL (chronic state of hypoxia), severe
evaluate the # of RBCs in the
peripheral blood
dehydration
↓-hemolytic anemia (transfusion
reaction), hemorrhage, dietary deficiency
(iron, VitB), lymphoma
Glycosylated hemoglobin Nondiabetic adult: ↑-poorly controlled diabetic
I: Monitor diabetes treatment; 2.2%-4.8% ↓-hemolytic anemia, chronic blood loss,
measures amount of HbA1c; gives Good diabetic control: chronic renal failure
average glucose levels of last 100-
120 days
2.5%-5.9%
Fair diabetic control:
6%-8%
Poor diabetic control:
>8%

Urinalysis
Urine sugar Random specimen- ↑-diabetes mellitus, renal glycosuria
I: Reflects degree of glucose Negative (excretion of glucose), nephrotoxic
elevation in the blood; used to 24-hr specimen- chemicals (carbon monoxide)
monitor effectiveness of therapy for
DM
<0.5g/day

Mechanical Testing
EKG Normal HR (60- Cor pulmonale or pulmonary embolus
I: Assist in the diagnosis and 100bpm), rhythm, and (acute cor pulmonale-S1Q3T3)
condition of pulmonary diseases wave deflections
Pulmonary function Vary with patient age, Decreased lung volume/capacity,
(Spirometry) sex, height, and weight reduced or impaired diffusing capacity,
I: Measures lung volume, evaluates reduced PIFR, reduced air flow rates and
response to bronchodilator therapy, VC, abnormal air flow curves, increased
determines the diffusing capacity of
the lungs
RV and ERV...a specific combination of
these can indicate a particular problem
Bronchography (X-ray) Normal Bronchiectasis (bronchial destruction,
I: Assess pulmonary function tracheobronchial tree pockets of infection), bronchial
obstruction (cancer, mucus plug), or
tracheobronchoesophageal fistula
I: Indications (reason why test is performed)

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