ASSIGNMENT ON FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Submitted in the partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

SESSION: 2008 2011

Under the Guidance of MS SHAFAQ ZAREEN (LECTURER) SUBMITTED BY:RICHA GARG BBA-VI SEM Enrollment No. 0592131708

FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMMES India launched the National Family Welfare Programme in 1951 with the objective of reducing the birth rate to the extent necessary to stabilise the population at a level consistent with the requirement of the National economy. "The Family Welfare Programme in India is recognised as a priority area, and is being implemented as a 100% Centrally sponsored programme. As per Constitution of India, Family Planning is in the Concurrent list. The approach under the programme during the First and Second Five Year Plans was mainly "Clinical" under which facilities for provision of services were created. However, on the basis of data brought out by the 1961 census, clinical approach adopted in the first two plans was replaced by "Extension and Education Approach" which envisaged expansion of services facilities along with spread of message of small family norm We are getting warning signals that if not controlled, the increasing population is going to deplete all the resources beyond their regeneration capacity. A catastrophic dooms day model warns us that the earth cannot sustain more than two more doublings i.e. 25 billion. FAMILY PLANNING: Family planning allows couples to decide their family size and also the time spacing of their offspring. Almost every culture in the past used to practice some traditional fertility control methods through some traditions, taboos and folk medicine. Modern science has provided several birth control techniques including mechanical barriers, surgical methods, chemical pills and physical barriers to implantation. More than a hundred contraceptive methods are on trial. The United Nations Family Planning Agency provides funds to 135 countries. Many of these countries include abortion as part of the population control programme which very often encourages female infanticide thereby disturbing the optimal 97 male: female ratio in a society. The birth control programmes have often faced strong opposition from religious groups. Nonetheless, World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that today about 50percent of the worlds married couples adopt some family planning measures as compared to just 10% about 30 years back. Still some 300 million couples do not have access to family planning.

V FIVE YEAR PLAN The objective of the V plan (1974-79) was to bring down the birth rate to 30 per thousand by the end of 1978-79. The programme was included as a priority sector programme during the V Plan with increasing integration of family planning services with those of Health, Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and nutrition, so that the programme became more readily acceptable. The years 1975-76 and 1976-77 recorded a phenomenal increase in performance of sterilisation. VI FIVE YEAR PLAN In the VI Plan (1980-85), certain long-term demographic goals of reaching net reproduction rate of unity were envisaged. The implications of this were to achieve the following by the year 2000 AD. 1. Reduction of average size of family from 4.4 children in 1975 to 2.3 children. 2.Reduction of birth rate to 21 from the level of 33 in 1978 and death rate from 14 to 9 and infant mortality rate from 127 to below 60. 3. Increasing the couple protection level from 22% to 60%. VII FIVE YEAR PLAN The achievements of the Family Welfare Programme at the end of the VII plan were (i) Reduction in crude birth rate from 41.7 (1951-61) to 30.2 (SRS:1990). (ii) Reduction in total fertility rate from 5.97 (1950-55) to 3.8 (SRS:1990). (iii) Reduction in infant mortality rate from 146 (1970-71) to 80 (SRS:1990). (iv) Increase in Couple Protection Rate from 10.4% (1970-71) to 43.3% (31.3.1990). (v) Setting up of a large network of service delivery infrastructure, which was virtually non-existent at the inception of the programme. (vi)Over 118 million births were averted by the end of march, 1990.

The Indian Context: India started the family planning programme in 1952 while its population was nearly 400 million. In 1970s, forced family planning campaign by the Government resulted in a turmoil all over the country .In 1978, the government raised the legal minimum age of marriage from 18 to 21for men and 15 to 18 years for women. Even in 1981 census no drop in population growth was observed. Since then funding for family planning programmes has been increased further. Unable to reach a consensus regarding population policy, the state governments in 2000 were allowed to adopt their own approach. In Kerala, the population has been stabilized with a focus on social justice as already discussed. It is now comparable to many industrialized nations including USA and it has proved that wealth is not a pre-requisite for zero population growth. Andhra Pradesh has also just achieved the target of ZPG in 2001, but it has been done with a different approach. The poor class was encouraged to be sterilized after two children by paying cash incentives, better land, housing, wells and subsidized loans. In contrast, Bihar and UP have shown increase in their growth rates (more than2.5%).Successful family planning programs need significant societal changes including social, educational and economic status for women, social security, political stability, proper stability, proper awareness and confidence building along with accessibility and affectivity of the birth control measures.