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Factor of Saftey Report

The document discusses factors of safety in engineering design. It defines factor of safety as the ratio of maximum stress to working stress. For ductile materials like steel, factor of safety is based on yield point stress, while for brittle materials like cast iron it is based on ultimate stress. The selection of an appropriate factor of safety depends on material properties, manufacturing process, stress type, operating conditions, and part geometry. Higher factors of safety reduce failure risk but result in unnecessary weight or cost.

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Mohamed Elmaadawy
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108 views2 pages

Factor of Saftey Report

The document discusses factors of safety in engineering design. It defines factor of safety as the ratio of maximum stress to working stress. For ductile materials like steel, factor of safety is based on yield point stress, while for brittle materials like cast iron it is based on ultimate stress. The selection of an appropriate factor of safety depends on material properties, manufacturing process, stress type, operating conditions, and part geometry. Higher factors of safety reduce failure risk but result in unnecessary weight or cost.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Elmaadawy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Port Said University Faculty of Engineering

Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Department

Factor of Safety

Post Graduate Course: Structure design (2) Course Code: Supervisor: Dr. Heba Elkilani

2nd Jan. 2013

Prepared By:

Mohamed Elmaadawy
Design engineer N.A.M.E. B.Sc. Port Said Shipyard Suez Canal Authority

Structure design (2)

Factor of Safety

Code: 000

1. Factor of Safety
It is defined, in general, as the ratio of the maximum stress to the working stress. Mathematically,

In case of ductile materials e.g. mild steel, where the yield point is clearly defined, the factor of safety is based upon the yield point stress. In such cases,

In case of brittle materials e.g. cast iron, the yield point is not well defined as for ductile materials. Therefore, the factor of safety for brittle materials is based on ultimate stress.

This relation may also be used for ductile materials. Note: The above relations for factor of safety are for static loading.

2. Selection of Factor of Safety.

The selection of a proper factor of safety to be used in designing any machine component depends upon a number of considerations, such as the material, mode of manufacture, type of stress, general service conditions and shape of the parts. Before selecting a proper factor of safety, a design engineer should consider the following points: 1. The reliability of the properties of the material and change of these properties during service; 2. The reliability of test results and accuracy of application of these results to actual machine parts; 3. The reliability of applied load; 4. The certainty as to exact mode of failure; 5. The extent of simplifying assumptions; 6. The extent of localized stresses; 7. The extent of initial stresses set up during manufacture; 8. The extent of loss of life if failure occurs; and 9. The extent of loss of property if failure occurs. Each of the above factors must be carefully considered and evaluated. The high factor of safety results in unnecessary risk of failure. The values of factor of safety based on ultimate strength for different materials and type of load are given in the following table:

Prepared by: M.Elmaadawy

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