2-1

Example Problem No. 2

A floor structure (bound by global X-Z axis) made up of steel beams is subjected to area load (i.e. load/area of floor). Load generation based on one-way distribution is illustrated in this example.
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1.

Select the STAAD.Pro icon from the STAAD.Pro 2001 program group.

Figure 2. 1 The STAAD.Pro Graphical Environment will be invoked.

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2.

The units in which we wish to create this model are the English units. (feet, kip, etc.) The default unit system setting is whatever we chose during the installation of the program. If you had chosen Metric at the time of installation, you may want to change it to English . To do so, click on the File | Configure menu option (see Figure 2.2) and choose the appropriate one (English for our case). Then, click on the Accept button.

Figure 2. 2

Figure 2. 3

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3.

To create a new structure, click on the File | New option in the STAAD.Pro screen that opens (as shown in Figure 2.4).

Figure 2. 4 4. In the New File Setup dialog box, choose Floor as the Structure Type and specify an optional Title (A FLOOR FRAME DESIGN WITH AREA LOAD). Then click on the Next button as shown in Figure 2.5.

Figure 2. 5

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5.

The next dialog box that comes up prompts us to select the length and force units in which we wish to start working in. So, specify the Length Units as Foot , the Force Units as KiloPound and click on the Next button as shown in Figure 2.6. Please note that the input units may be changed subsequently at any stage of building of the model.

Figure 2. 6 6. This dialog box confirms the information of our previous selections. Press the Finish button. (see Figure 2.7)

Figure 2. 7

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Once we press the Finish button, the STAAD.Pro main window appears on the screen.

Figure 2. 8

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Creating Nodes 1 to 5 And Beams 1 to 4

7. Select Geometry | Beam Page from the left side of the screen. In the Snap Node/Beam dialog box that appears in the Data Area (on the right side of the screen), choose X-Z as the Plane and in the Construction Lines group, set X and Z to 20 with a spacing of 1 ft. (see figure below) This 20X20 grid too is only a starting grid setting to enable us to start drawing the structure, it does not restrict our model to those limits as we will see later.

Figure 2. 9

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8.

With the help of the mouse, click at the origin (0, 0) to create the first node. In a similar fashion, click on the following points to create nodes and automatically join successive nodes by beam members. (5,0), (10,0), (15,0) and (20,0) The exact location of the mouse arrow can be monitored on the status bar located at the bottom of the window where the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the current cursor position are continuously updated.

Figure 2. 10

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9.

After having created these four beams and five nodes, let us close the Snap Node/Beam dialog box.

Figure 2. 11

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Switching On Node And Beam Labels

10. In order to display the node and beam numbers , right click anywhere within the drawing area. In the pop-up menu that appears, choose Labels as shown below.

Figure 2. 12 Alternatively, one may access this option by selecting the View menu from the top menu bar followed by Structure Diagrams , and the Labels tab of the dialog box that opens.

Figure 2. 13

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11.

In the Diagrams dialog box that appears, turn the Node Numbers and Beam Numbers on and then click on OK .

Figure 2. 14 The nodes and beams are now labeled on the drawing.

Figure 2. 15

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Creating Members 5 to 9
12. As shown on the title page of this example, beams 5 to 9 are located at the grid line Z = 10ft. We could create them in a manner similar to what we did for creating beams 1 to 5 by clicking at the relevant grid points. Alternatively, we may use STAADs Translational Repeat facility to do the same. Let us choose the latter method. First, select members 2, 3, and 4 with the help of the Beam Cursor . The Beam Cursor can also be selected by choosing the Beam Cursor option from the Select menu. To select multiple beams, hold down the Ctrl key while clicking on the members.

Figure 2. 16

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Next, go to the Geometry | Translational Repeat menu option as shown below.

Figure 2. 17

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13.

In the 3D Repeat dialog box that opens, specify the Global Direction as Z , No of Steps as 1 and the Default Step Spacing as 10ft . Leave the Link Steps box unchecked . Then, click on OK .

Figure 2. 18 After completing the translational repeat process, the structure should look as follows:

Figure 2. 19

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14.

Next, let us spilt member 6 into two parts of length 3ft and 2ft respectively. First, select the member by clicking on it and then click the right mouse button. In the pop-up menu that appears, choose the Insert Node option as shown below.

Figure 2. 20 Alternatively, one may access this option by going to the Geometry menu and choosing Insert Node.

Figure 2. 21

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15.

In the Insert Nodes dialog box that opens, specify the Distance as 3 ft, click on the Add New Point button, and click on OK .

Figure 2. 22

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After the insertion is done, the structure will look as shown below. Notice that a new node (number 10) has been added. Before insertion

Figure 2. 23

After insertion

Figure 2. 24

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16.

Repeat this procedure to split member 7 to create node 11. In the Insert Nodes dialog box, specify the Distance as 1.5ft , click on the Add New Point button, and click on OK .

Figure 2. 25

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Creating Members 10 to 13
17. To create the X direction beams at Z = 25ft, just as we did before, we can use the Translational Repeat operation by using the X direction beams at Z = 0 as the basis. Yet another method is the Copy-Paste facility from the Edit menu. To apply this method, we first select members 1, 2, 3, and 4. Click the right mouse button and choose Copy from the pop-up menu (or click on the Edit menu and choose Copy ). Once again, click the right mouse button and select Paste Beams (or choose Paste Beams from the Edit menu) as shown below.

Figure 2. 26

18.

Provide 0, 0, and 25 for X, Y and Z respectively and click on the OK button.

Figure 2. 27

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19.

As we click on the OK button, the following message box appears. This is only a reminder that we need to subsequently assign the required properties to these entities as well. Let us click on the OK button.

Figure 2. 28

Members 10 to 13 will appear on the model as shown below.

Figure 2. 29

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20.

If we look at the figure on the title page, we will observe that beam 11 is 6ft long and not 5ft. So, the X co-ordinates of its end is at 11, not 10. To make this change, let us change the co-ordinates of Node 14. To do that, select that node using the Nodes Cursor . The data relating to Node 14 will be highlighted in the Nodes table located in the Data Area.

Figure 2. 30 21. In this table, change the value of the X co-ordinate from 10 to 11 .

Figure 2. 31

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22.

We also need to change the co-ordinates of Node 15 from (15, 25) to (16.5, 25). However, instead of using the method described in the previous step, let us try a different approach. Let us first select Node 15 by clicking on it. Then, from the Geometry menu, select the Move option, specify the X direction distance as 1.5ft and click on OK .

Figure 2. 32

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Creating Member 14
23. We now have to create the X direction beam at Z = 28ft. To do this, we shall adopt yet another method. Using the Copy-Paste facility of the Edit menu, let us create the joints at (0, 0, 28) and (20, 0, 28) using the joints at (0, 0, 0) and (20, 0, 0) as the basis. Then, we shall add a beam between the two new joints. The steps are as follows: First, let us ensure that we have the Nodes Cursor selected. From the Select menu, verify that the check mark is against the Nodes Cursor option.

Figure 2. 33 Then, select Node 1 which has the co-ordinates (0, 0, 0) by clicking on it. It should be highlighted. To copy that Node, type Ctrl+C or select Copy from the Edit menu. To paste, type Ctrl+V or select Paste Nodes from the Edit menu.

Figure 2. 34

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When we select Paste Nodes, the following dialog box appears. Specify the X and Y values as zero , and Z as 28ft . Then, click on the OK button.

Figure 2. 35 Notice that a new node (no. 17) appears on the screen.

Figure 2. 36

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24.

In a similar fashion, copy node 5 (at 20, 0, 0) and paste it to create the node at (20, 0, 28).

Figure 2. 37 25. To add a beam between the two newly created nodes (17 and 18), select the Add Beam option from the Geometry menu. Then, click on the two nodes in succession and notice that the beam (no. 14) has been created. At this point, switch off the Add Beam option.

Figure 2. 38

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Creating Member 15
26. To create the beam at Z = 35ft, we shall use the Copy-Paste technique of the Edit menu, and use Beam no. 14 as the basis. Select beam no. 14. Copy and Paste it at Z = 7ft. The value 7 is derived from the fact that Z = 35 is 7ft away from Z = 28. As we paste the beam, the following message box will appear. This is only a reminder that we need to subsequently assign the properties to this beam as well. Let us click on the OK button.

Figure 2. 39

The following figure shows the model with the newly created member 15.

Figure 2. 40

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Creating Members 16 to 28
27. The remainder of the members in the model can be created by adding beams between existing nodes since all the nodes of the structure have already been created. So, let us select the Add Beams icon . (If you are unable to locate the icon, choose Geometry | Add Beam menu option.) The cursor will change as shown below.

You may choose to turn the Beam Numbers off to ease locating the node numbers. Beam Numbers can be switched off from View | Structure Diagrams | Labels tab and unchecking Beam Numbers .

Figure 2. 41

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28.

Using the cursor, add new beams by clicking between the following pairs of nodes.

To create member # 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Add beam between these nodes 17 and 19 12 and 17 1 and 12 6 and 13 2 and 6 10 and 14 3 and 7 11 and 15 4 and 8 18 and 20 16 and 18 9 and 16 5 and 9

29.

After adding the beams, switch off the Add Beam icon to stop adding any more beams.

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The structure will now look as shown below: Isometric View

Figure 2. 42

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Plan View

Figure 2. 43

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Assigning Member Properties

30. The next step is to define properties for the members. To do this, select General | Property Page from the left side of the screen. Then, click on the Database button in the Properties dialog box as shown below.

Figure 2. 44 31. In the Select Country dialog box that appears, choose the country name whose steel table you want to use, in our case, American . Then, click on OK .

Figure 2. 45

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32.

In the American Steel Table dialog box, select the W Shape tab. Notice that the field called Material is presently on the checked mode. If we keep it that way, the material properties of steel (E, Poisson, Density, Alpha, etc.) will be assigned along with the cross-section name. The material property values so assigned will be the program defaults. We do not want default values, instead we will assign our own values later on. Consequently, let us uncheck the Material box. Choose W12X26 as the beam size, ST as the section type and click on the Add button as shown in Figure 2.39. Detailed explanation of the terms such as ST, T, CM, TC, BC, etc. is available in Section 5 of the STAAD Technical Reference Manual.

Figure 2. 46

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33.

Since the selected cross section has to be assigned to all the members in the structure, the simplest method to do that will be to set the assignment method as Assign to View . So, click on the Assign to View button in the Properties dialog box followed by the Assign button.

Figure 2. 47 A message box (shown below) asks us to re-confirm that we do indeed want to assign this property to all the members in the model. Let us click on OK.

Figure 2. 48

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After assigning the property, let us once again switch on the Beam Numbers (go to View | Structure Diagrams - Labels Beam Numbers ). The structure will now look as shown below.

Figure 2. 49 Let us Close the Properties dialog box as shown below. Also, click anywhere in the drawing area to unhighlight the members.

Figure 2. 50

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Assigning Member Releases

34. To assign member releases, first, go to General | Spec Page from the left side of the screen. Then, click on the Beam button in the Specifications table located in the Data Area.

Figure 2. 51 35. In the Beam Specs dialog box that opens, select the Release tab which also happens to be the default. We want to apply the release at the start node, and hence it is convenient that Start is the default. Check MZ under the Release option and click on the Add button.

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Figure 2. 52 36. Now select the members listed below that are to be released. 1, 5, 10, 14, 15, 18, 17, 28, 26, 20 to 24 One way to select these members is to go to Select | By List | Beams menu option. In the Select Beams dialog box, type the beam numbers in the Enter list box, and click on OK as shown below.

Figure 2. 53

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Notice that as we select the members, the Assignment Method automatically sets to Assign to Selected Beams .

Figure 2. 54

Then, click on the Assign button in the Specifications dialog box. A message box (shown below) asks us to re-confirm that we do indeed want to assign this attribute to the selected members in the model. Let us click on OK.

Figure 2. 55

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After the releases have been assigned at the start, let us click anywhere in the drawing area to unhighlight all the members. The structure will look as follows:

Figure 2. 56 37. To apply the releases at the beam ends, repeat the above procedure by clicking on the Beam button in the Specifications dialog box. Then, click on the End button, check MZ under the Release option and click on the Add button. Assign this attribute to the following members. 4, 9, 13, 14, 15, 18, 16, 27, 25, 19, 21 to 24

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After the releases have been assigned at the end, once again unhighlight the members by clicking anywhere in the drawing area. The structure will now look as shown below:

Figure 2. 57

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Specifying Material Constants

38. The Commands we wish to generate are:

&2167$176 ( ( $// 32,6621 67((/ $//

To do this, go to Commands | Material Constants | Elasticity option from the top menu bar as shown below.

Figure 2. 58

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39.

In the Material Constant dialog box that appears, enter 4176E3 in the Enter Value box. Since the value has to be assigned to all the members of the structure, setting the assignment method To View allows us to achieve this easily. Then, click on OK .

Figure 2. 59 40. In a similar fashion, set the Poissons Ratio to the Material Constant for Steel and assign to all members in the view.

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Assigning Supports
41. The commands we wish to generate are:

      ),;('
To do this, select the General | Support Page from the left side of the screen. In the Supports dialog box, click on the Add button.

Figure 2. 60

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42.

In the Create Support dialog box that opens, select the Fixed tab (which also happens to be the default tab that comes up), and then click on the Create button. This creates a FIXED type of support where all 6 degrees of freedom are restrained.

Figure 2. 61 43. To assign the support, first select the Support 2 specification in the Supports dialog box.

Figure 2. 62

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Then, select the following nodes: 1, 5, 12, 16, 19, 20 To select these nodes, go to Select | By List | Nodes menu option. In the Select Nodes dialog box, type the node numbers in the Enter list box. Notice that as we select the nodes, the Assignment Method automatically sets to Assign to Selected Nodes. Then, click on the Assign button in the Specifications dialog box.

Figure 2. 63 A message box (shown below) asks us to re-confirm that we do indeed want to assign this support to the selected nodes. Let us click on OK .

Figure 2. 64

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After the supports are assigned, the structure will look as shown below:

Figure 2. 65

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Specifying Loads
44. Load assignments are done from the General | Load Page as shown below.

Figure 2. 66 45. For load case 1, we wish to generate the following load data:

/2$',1*   3281'6 3(5 6)7 '/  //  WR  $/2$' 

In the Set Active Primary Load Case dialog box that opens, enter 300 POUNDS PER SFT DL + LL as the title for Load Case 1 and click on OK .

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Figure 2. 67 46. In the Loads dialog box that appears, click on the Member button.

Figure 2. 68

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47.

In the Beam Loads dialog box that opens, select the Area tab. Enter -0.30 as the Force and click on the Add button.

Figure 2. 69 As we click on the Add button, the following message box appears. In the case of loads such as joint and member loads, the magnitude and direction of the load at the applicable joints and members is directly known from the input. However, the Area load is a different sort of load where a load intensity on the given area has to be converted to joint and member loads. The calculations required to perform this conversion are done only during the analysis. Consequently, the loads generated from the Area load command can be viewed only after the analysis is completed.

Figure 2. 70

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48.

Since this load is to be applied on all the beams of the model, set the Assignment Method to Assign to View in the Loads dialog box. Then, click on the Assign button followed by Close .

Figure 2. 71 A message box (shown below) asks us to re-confirm that we do indeed want to assign this load to all the members in the model. Let us click on OK.

Figure 2. 72

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Specifying The Analysis Command

49. The next step is to assign the commands to perform the analysis. We wish to generate the command:

3(5)250 $1$/<6,6 35,17 /2$' '$7$

To do this, go to Analysis/Print Page from the left side of the screen. Then, click on the Analysis sub-page from the second row of pages as shown below.

Figure 2. 73

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50.

Click on the Define Commands button in the Data Area on the right hand side of the screen.

Figure 2. 74 51. In the Analysis/Print Commands dialog box that appears, select the Perform Analysis tab. Click on the Load Data option followed by the Add button and the Close button.

Figure 2. 75

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Specifying Steel Design Parameters

52. The next step is to specify steel design parameters. To do this, click on the Design | Steel Page from the left side of the screen. Make sure that under the Current Code selections on the top right hand side, AISC is selected. Then, click on the Define Parameters button in the Steel Design dialog box.

Figure 2. 76

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The commands we wish to generate are:

%($0  $// '0$;  $// '0,1  $// 817  $// 81%  $//
53. In the Design Parameters dialog box that opens, select the Beam tab. Then, define the Beam Parameter as 1 and click on the Add button.

Figure 2. 77

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54.

In a similar fashion select the tabs Dmax , Dmin , Unt , and Unb . Then, enter the following values and click on the Add button. Parameter Name DMAX DMIN UNT UNB Value 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

55.

After all the values have been added, click on the Close button in the Design Parameters dialog box. Since each of these parameters has to be assigned to ALL the members in the view, do the following. Select each parameter, click on the Assign to View button, followed by the Assign button in the Design Parameters dialog box.

56.

Figure 2. 78 As we click on the Assign button, a message box (shown below) asks us to re-confirm that we do indeed want to assign this parameter to all the members in the model. Let us click on OK.

Figure 2. 79

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Notice that before assigning the parameters, each of them will be preceded by be preceded by Before , whereas after assigning the parameters, they will . After

Figure 2. 80

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Specifying The SELECT MEMBER Command

57. Click on the Commands button in the Steel Design dialog box.

Figure 2. 81 58. In the Design Commands dialog box that opens, click on the Select tab followed by the Add and the Close buttons.

Figure 2. 82

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59.

Next, make sure that the SELECT parameter is selected in the Steel Design dialog box.

Figure 2. 83 Then, select the following members. 2, 6, 1, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 27 By now, you should be familiar with the process of selecting members. In case you have forgotten, you may: Choose the Beams Cursor from the Select menu, and then click on those members in the drawing while keeping the Ctrl key pressed. or Choose By List | Beams from the Select menu, and type the member numbers in the Enter list box, followed by OK .

Notice that as we select the members, the Assignment Method automatically sets to Assign To Selected Beams.

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60.

After the members are selected, click on the Assign button located in the Steel Design dialog box.

Figure 2. 84 A message box (shown below) asks us to re-confirm that we do indeed want to assign this command to the selected members in the model. Let us click on OK .

Figure 2. 85

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The structure will now look as shown below. Isometric View

Figure 2. 86

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Plan View

Figure 2. 87 This concludes the assigning of all the data to the structure. From the File menu, select Save , and provide a file name, if you havent already done so.