Nouns
Nouns
Whatever exists, we assume, can be named, and that name is a noun. A proper noun, which names a specific person, place, or thing (Carlos, Queen Marguerite, Middle East, Jerusalem, Malaysia, Presbyterianism, God, Spanish, Buddhism, the Republican Party), is almost always capitalized. A proper noun used as an addressed person's name is called a noun of addess. Common nouns name everything else, things that usually are not capitalized. A group of related words can act as a single noun-like entity within a sentence. A noun clause contains a subject and verb and can do anything that a noun can do: A noun phrase, frequently a noun accompanied by modifiers, is a group of related words acting as a noun. There is a separate section on word combinations that become compound nouns such as daughter-in-law, half-moon, and stick-in-themud. Nouns can be classified further as count nouns, which name anything that can be counted (four books, two continents, a few dishes, a dozen buildings); mass nouns (or non-count nouns), which name something that can't be counted (water, air, energy, blood); and collective nouns, which can take a singular form but are composed of more than one individual person or items (jury, team, class, committee, herd). Whether these words are count or non-count will determine whether they can be used with articles and determiners or not. (We would not write "They got into the troubles," but we could write about "The troubles of England." Some texts will include the category of abstract nouns, by which we mean the kind of word that is not tangible, such as warmth, justice, grief, and peace.