Scribd
Upload
465 views14 pages

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is a method of learning that uses consequences to modify behavior. There are three core tools: reinforcement increases a behavior's frequency; punishment decreases frequency; and extinction involves removing consequences with no change in behavior. Reinforcements and punishments can be positive or negative, referring to whether a stimulus is added or removed following a behavior. The four contexts are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.

Uploaded by

niks2409
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
465 views14 pages

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is a method of learning that uses consequences to modify behavior. There are three core tools: reinforcement increases a behavior's frequency; punishment decreases frequency; and extinction involves removing consequences with no change in behavior. Reinforcements and punishments can be positive or negative, referring to whether a stimulus is added or removed following a behavior. The four contexts are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.

Uploaded by

niks2409
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Operant Conditioning

-Nikunj Barnwal
Definition & Understanding

• Operant behavior operates on the


environment.
• Operant conditioning is the use of
consequences to modify the
occurrence and form of behavior.
Core tools of operant
conditioning
• Reinforcement

• Punishment
(Both are either positive or negative consequences.)

• Extinction
(no change in consequences)
•
Reinforcement is a consequence that
•
causes a behavior to occur with
•
greater frequency.
Punishment is a consequence that
causes a behavior to occur with less
frequency.
Extinction is the lack of any
consequence following a behavior.
Four contexts of
operant conditioning:
• Positive Reinforcement
• Negative Reinforcement

• Positive Punishment
• Negative Punishment
Positive Reinforcment

When a behavior is followed by a


favorable stimulus (commonly seen as
pleasant) that increases the frequency
of that behavior.
Negative Reinforcement

When a behavior (response) is followed


by the removal of an aversive stimulus
(commonly seen as unpleasant) thereby
increasing that behavior's frequency.
Positive Punishment
(How can a punishment be positive???)

Occurs when a behavior (response) is


followed by an aversive stimulus
thereby decreasing that behavior's
frequency
Negative Punishment

Occurs when a behavior (response) is


followed by the removal of a favorable
stimulus thereby decreasing that
behavior's frequency
Extinction

occurs when a behavior (response) that


had previously been reinforced is no
longer effective.
Stimulus Frequency of behavior

+R Given Increases
-R Taken away Increases

+P Given Decreases

-P Taken away Decreases


E -- Increases/Decreases

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy