Education in Pakistan

Ali Ausajah

Contents
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Introduction Constitution of Pakistan Education Scenario Education Policy

Role and Importance of Education in Social and Economic Development

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Education plays a crucial role in the development strategy of any economy. Educated populations are positively correlated with high economic growth rates enhanced labour productivity social prosperity sustainable development Equalization of educational levels a key to elimination of regional, gender and class inequalities. Combats poverty effectively by reducing unemployment, Improves womens participation in labour nand guiding expenditure towards most beneficial use.

Constitution of Pakistan

Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 Article 37-b

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The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period

Concurrent Legislative List:

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Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy, centers of excellence, standard of education & Islamic education

PART II EDUCATION SCENARIO

Human Development Index

Country Ranking
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(out of 177 countries)

2005 2006 2007

Iran Sri Lanka 99 93 96 93 94 99

Maldives
India Bhutan134 Pakistan Bangladesh Nepal

96
127 135 135 139 136

98
126 133 134 137 138

100
128 136 140 142

Literacy Rates
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Literacy Definition (As in 1998 Census)

The ability of a person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language

Literacy Rates
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PAKISTAN = 55 % (Male = 67 %,Female = 42%)

Province Literacy Rate Punjab= Sindh = NWFP = Balochistan = 60.2% 57.7% 49.9% 48.8%

Educational Institutions by Level

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Level Total Public Private Pre-primary 1,081 287 794 Mosque school 14,123 14,035 88 Primary 122,349 105,526 16,823 Middle 38,449 14,334 24,115 Secondary 25,090 10,550 14,540 British System 281 11 270 NFBE 4,831 2,008 2,823
Inter & Degree Colleges

Universities

Technical/ Professional

Vocational Deeni Madaris Others 3,120

TOTAL

1,882 116 1257 3,059 12,153

1,025 59 426 916 354

857 57 831 2,143 11,799

2,241 227,791

879 151,77(67%)

76,019

(33%)

Institutions by Medium of Instruction

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Type # of Institutions Total Public 227,791 151,744

Urdu 14806

English Sindhi 2277 3416 22779 12,139

Others

103,186 3,035 33,384

Private

76,047

43,347 21,29 3,521

9,886

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EDUCATION POLICY OF PAKISTAN

Challenges
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Weakened Governance

of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams Low level of literacy Out of school children Dropouts

Fragmentation Lack

Challenges
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Public Private Partnership In-adequate financing Gender Equity Poor monitoring & evaluation Imbalance in primary, middle & secondary

schools Inconvenient school location

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN

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Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education Promotion of Equity Minimum National Standards Relevance to Labour Market Sector Planning Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018 Encourage Private sector

Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education

Improve Planning, Management and Implementation Capacity Donor Harmonisation Overcoming Fragmented Governance

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN

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Bridging the Public Private Divide Improved Examination System Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) & inclusive

education. Achieve the MDG goals. All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level Well developed plan for expanding school facilities. High priority to reducing drop out rates Improved school environment Career Counselling at higher secondary level Develop national literacy curriculum Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN

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Pre-service & in-service teacher training Accreditation and certification of teachers Merit based teacher recruitment, professional

development, promotions & postings

Curriculum development Competitive publishing of textbooks and learning

materials

District Education Boards to be established for managing

schools Separate management & academic cadres

Allocation of Funds to Education: Year 2009-10

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Non-Development 1. Ministry of Education 2. Higher Education Commission 1,824.426 7,045.608

(Rs. in million) Development Total 3,122.459 9,104.436 4,946.885 16,150.044

3. Major Projects under Ministry of Education

a. Madaris Reforms (Teaching of formal subjects in Madaris)

b. Education Sector Reforms Program c. Establishment of 82,000 Community Schools in Pakistan AJK and FATA d. Science Education Project (Phase-II) ADB assisted FCU e. National Education Assessment System (NEAS) f. Establishment of Cadet College Zhob at Qilla Saifullah

1449.000
800.00 170.510

84.670 71.530 50.000 Continue

(Rs. In million)

g. Establishment of Cadet College Panjgur h. Upgradation of FG Secondary Educational Institutions to the level of Islamabad Model Colleges

50.000 45.000

i. Upgradation of FG Elementary Educational Institutions to the level of Islamabad Model Schools

j. Establishment of 350 Community Schools in hard to reach areas of FATA (NORAD assisted)

40.000
39.329

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Future Plans for Education in Pakistan

1. Tripartite Partnership:
The role of family, the community and the State. All need to be mobilized.

2. Free Education Upto Matriculation:

3. Provision of Free Textbooks: 4. Grant of Scholarships and Incentives to Girl Students: 5. Availability and Accessibility of Schools Particularly in Rural Areas.
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Continue

6. Teachers Status and Recruitment of Female Teachers:

Better status and pay for teachers. Experience has demonstrated that schools with female teachers function well particularly at Primary level.

7. Improvement in Learning Environment:

Better infrastructure through School Management Councils.

8. Technical / Vocational Education:

It is important to provide demand related skills.

9. Instructional Methods:
Emphasis must be given on development of analytical faculties of the students.22 Continue

10. Teachers Training and Knowledge:

To improve teachers knowledge of the subject and equip them with a wide repertoire of teaching skills.

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11. English Language:

Introduction of English from Class I. Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching of science subjects in English at public secondary schools.

Thank You All

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