1

The Sons of God

1
(1) The Sumerian Watchers
"...Man and his early civilizations had a profoundly different mentality from our own, that in fact men and women were not
conscious as are we, were not responsible for their actions, and therefore cannot be given the credit or blame for anything that was
done over these vast millennia of time; that instead each person had a part of his nervous system that was divine, by which he was
ordered about like any slave, a voice or voices which indeed were what we call volition and empowered what they commanded
and were related to the hallucinated voices of others in a carefully established hierarchy."
"...The astonishing consistency from Egypt to Peru, from Ur to Yucatan, wherever civilizations arose, of death practices and
idolatry, of divine government and hallucinated voices, all are witness to the idea of a different mentality than our own."
"The gods were in no sense 'figments of the imagination' of anyone. They were man's volition. They occupied his nervous
system, probably his right hemisphere, and from stores of admonitory and receptive experience, transmuted this experience into
articulated speech which then 'told' the man what to do."
"Throughout Mesopotamia, from the earliest times of Sumer and Akkad, all lands were owned by gods and men were their
slaves. Of this, the cuneiform texts leave no doubt whatever. Each city-state had its own principal god, and the king was described
in the very earliest written documents that we have as 'the tenant farmer of the god'."
- J ulian J aynes, The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
"... The Akkadians called their predecessors Shumerians, and spoke of the Land of Shumer.
"It was, in fact, the biblical Land of Shin'ar. It was the land whose name- Shumer - literally meant the Land of the Watchers.
It was indeed the Egyptian Ta Neter - Land of the Watchers, the land from which the gods had come to Egypt."
- Zecharia Sitchin, The Stairway to Heaven
"It was from that planet [Nibiru], the Sumeriantexts repeatedly and persistently stated, that the Anunnaki came to Earth. The term
literally means 'Those Who from Heaven to Earth Came.' They are spoken of in the Bible as the Anakim, and in Chapter 6 of
Genesis are also call Nefilim, which in Hebrew means the same thing: Those Who Have Come Down, from the Heavens to Earth."
- Zecharia Sitchin, Genesis Revisited
"The Anakim may have been Mycenaean Greek colonists, belonging to the 'Sea Peoples' confederation which caused Egypt such
trouble in the fourteenth century B.C. Greek mythographers told of a Giant Anax ('king'), son of Heaven and Mother Earth, who
ruled Anactoria (Miletus) in Asia Minor. According to Appollodorus, the disinterred skeleton of Asterius ('starry'), Anax's
successor, measured ten cubits. Akakes, the plural of Nanx, was an epithet of the Greek gods in general. Talmudic commentators
characteristically make the Anakim three thousand cubits tall."
- Robert Graves and Raphael Patai, Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis
(2) The Egyptian Ntr
There is archaeological evidence of a strong cultural connection between Sumer and ancient Egypt.
"Ptah and the other gods were called, in Egyptian, Ntr - 'Guardian, Watcher'."
- Zecharia Sitchin, The Wars of Gods and Men
During the fabled "First Time, Zep Tepi, when the gods ruled in their country: they said it was a golden age during which the
waters of the abyss receded, the primordial darkness was banished, and humanity, emerging into the light, was offered the gifts of
civilization. They spoke also of intermediaries between gods and men - the Urshu, a category of lesser divinities whose title meant
'the Watchers'. And they preserved particularly vivid recollections of the gods themselves, puissant and beautiful beings called the
Neteru who livedon earth with humankind and exercised their sovereignty from Heliopolis and other sanctuaries up and down the
Nile. Some of these Neteru were male and some female but all possessed a range of supernatural powers which included the ability
to appear, at will, as men or women, or as animals, birds, reptiles, trees or plants. Paradoxically, their words and deeds seem to
have reflected human passions and preoccupations. Likewise, although they were portrayed as stronger and more intelligent than
humans, it wasbelieved that they could grow sick - or even die, or be killed - under certain circumstance."
- Graham Hancock, Fingerprints of the Gods
"'Deliver thou the scribe Nebseni, whose word is truth, from the Watchers, who carry murderous knives, who possess cruel fingers,
and who would slay those who are in the following of Osiris.' May these Watchers never gain the mastery over me, and may I
never fall under their knives!'
"Who are these Watchers?
"'They are Anubis and Horus, [the latter being] in the formof Horus the sightless. Others, however, say that they are the
Tchatcha (sovereign princes of Osiris), who bring to nought the operations of their knives; and others say that they are the chiefs of
the Sheniu chamber.

1
C:\My Documents\SCHOOLofLocalChurch\Lessons\30TheNephilim\Articles\Nephilim29.doc
2
'May their knives never gain the mastery over me. May I never fall under the knives wherewith they inflict cruel tortures. For I
know their names, and I know the being, Matchet, who is among them in the House of Osiris. He shooteth forth rays of light from
his eye, being himself invisible, and he goeth round about heaven robed in the flames which come from his mouth, commanding
Hapi, but remaining invisible himself. May I be strong on earth before Ra, may I arrive safely in the presence of Osiris. O ye who
preside over your altars, let not your offerings to me be wanting, for I am one of those who follow after Nebertcher, according to
the writings of Khepera. Let me fly like a hawk, let me cackle like a goose, let me lay always like the serpent-goddess Neheb-ka.'"
- The Egyptian Book of the Dead
"They had come to Egypt, the Egyptians wrote, from Ta-Ur, the 'Far/Foreign Land,' whose name Ur meant 'oldest' but could have
also been the actual place name - a place will known from Mesopotamian and biblical records: the ancient city of Ur in southern
Mesopotamia. And the straits of the Red Sea, which connected Mesopotamia and Egypt, were called Ta-Neter, the 'Place of the
Gods,' the passage by which they had come to Egypt. That the earliest gods did come from the biblical lands of Shem is
additionally borne out by the puzzling fact that the names of these olden gods were of 'Semitic' (Akkadian) derivation. Thus Ptah,
which had no meaning in Egyptian, meant 'he who fashioned things by carving and opening up' in the Semitic tongues."
- Zecharia Sitchin, The Wars of Gods and Men
"The Legend of Votan, who had built the first city that was the cradle of Mesoamerican civilization, was written down by Spanish
chroniclers from oral Mayan traditions. The emblem of Votan, they recorded, was the serpent; 'hewas a descendant of the
Guardians, of the race of Can'. 'Guardians' was the meaning of the Egyptian term Neteru (i.e., 'gods'). Can, studies such as that by
Zelia Nuttal (Papers of the Peabody Museum) have suggested was a variant of Canaan who was (according to the Bible) a member
of the Hamitic peoples of Africa and a brother-nation of the Egyptians."
- Zecharia Sitchin, When Time Began
(3) Bene Elohim
Note that plural gods elohim' appears in the earliest Hebrew texts, even though it is translated as God (El) in modern texts.
"...The sons of gods (bene ha-elohim') saw the daughters of men that they were fair..."
- Genesis 6:2a
"The sons of God (or children of God; 'bene elohim' and variants) are divine members of God's heavenly host...The title
'sons/children of God' is familiar from Ugaritic mythology, in which the gods collectively are the 'children of El'...The
sons/children of God are also found in Phoenician and Ammonite inscriptions, referring to the pantheon of sub-ordinate deities,
indicatingthat the term was widespread in the West Semitic religions."
- Oxford Companion to the Bible
"The Watchers were "a specific race of divine beings known in Hebrew as nun resh 'ayin, 'irin' (resh 'ayin, 'ir' in singular),
meaning 'those who watch' or 'those who are awake', which is translated into Greek as Egrhgoroi egregoris or grigori, meaning
'watchers'. These Watchers feature in the main within the pages of pseudepigraphal and apocryphal works of J ewish origin, such as
the Book of Enoch and the Book of J ubilees. Their progeny, according to Hebrew tradition, are named as nephilim, a Hebrew
word meaning 'those who have fallen' or 'the fallen ones', translated into Greek as gigantez, gigantes, or 'giants' - a monstrous race
featured in the Theogony of the hellenic writer Hesiod (c. 907 BC)."
- Andrew Collins, From the Ashes of Angels - The Forbidden Legacy of a Fallen Race (1996) p. 3
"The statement (Gen. 6:1) that the 'sons of God' married the daughters of men is explained of the fall of the angels, in Enoch,
vi-xi, and codices, D, E F, and A of the Septuagint read frequently, for 'sons of God', oi aggeloi tou qeou ['angels of God'].
Unfortunately, codices B and C are defective in Ge., vi, but it is probably that they, too, read oi aggeloi in this passage, for they
constantly so render the expression 'sons of God'; cf. J ob i, 6; ii, 1; xxxviii, 7; but on the other hand, see Ps. ii, 1; lxxxviii, &
(Septuagint). Philo, in commenting on the passage in his treatise 'Quod Deus sit immutabilis', i, follows the Septuagint."
- Hugh Pope, The Catholic Encyclopedia
"Angels came late into J ewish theology, generally from the non-J ewish myths of the East. The early books of the Bible speak
of some vague heavenly beings called malochim (singular, malach). Although malach is usually translated angel, its literal
meaning is messenger."
- Harry Gersh, The Sacred Books of the J ews
"The angel of the LORD found Hagar near a spring in the desert; it was the spring that is beside the road to Shur."
- Genesis 16:7
"At first the angels are regarded in quite an impersonal way (Gen. xvi, 7).They are God's vice-regents and are often identified
with the Author of their message (Gen. xlviii, 15-16). But while we read of 'the Angels of God' meeting J acob (Gen. xxxii, 1) we at
other times read of one who is termed 'the Angel of God' par excellence, e.g. Gen., xxxi, 11."
- Hugh Pope, The Catholic Encyclopedia
"But the angel of the LORD called out to him from heaven, 'Abraham! Abraham!'"
- Genesis 22:11
"It is true that, owing to the Hebrew idiom, this may mean no more than 'an angel of God', and the Septuagint renders it with
or without the article at will; yet the three visitors at Mambre seem to have been of different ranks, though St. Paul (Heb. xiii, 2)
regarded them all as equally angels; as the story in Ge. xiii, develops, the speaker is always 'the Lord'. Thus in the account of the
3
Angel of the Lord who visited Gideon (J udges vi), the visitor is alternately spoken of as 'the Angel of the Lord' and as 'theLord'.
Similarly, in J udges xiii, the Angel of the Lord appears...."
- Hugh Pope, The Catholic Encyclopedia
"Then Manoah took a young goat, together with the grain offering, and sacrificed it on a rock to the LORD. And the LORD
did an amazing thing while Manoah and his wife watched: As the flame blazed up from the altar toward heaven, the angel of the
LORD ascended in the flame. Seeing this, Manoah and his wife fell with their faces to the ground. When the angel of the LORD
did not show himself again to Manoah and his wife, Manoah realized that it was the angel of the LORD.
'We are doomed to die!' he said to his wife. 'We have seen God!'"
- J udges 13:19-22
"This want of clearness is particularly apparent in the various accounts of the Angel of Exodus. In J udges vi, just nowreferred
to, the Septuagint is very careful to render the Hebrew 'Lord' by 'the Angel of the Lord'; but in the story of the Exodus it is the Lord
who goes before them in the pillar of a cloud (Exod. xiii 21), and the Septuagint makes no change (cf. also Num. xiv, 14, and Neh.
ix, 7-20."
- Hugh Pope, The Catholic Encyclopedia
"By day the LORD went ahead of them in a pillar of cloud to guide them on their way and by night in a pillar of fire to give
them light, so that they could travel by day or night."
- Exodus 13:21
"Yet in Exod. xiv, 19, their guide is termed 'the Angel of God. When we turn to Exod., xxxiii, where God is angry with His
people for worshipping the golden calf, it is hard not to feel that it is God Himself who has hitherto been their guide, but who now
refuses to accompany them any longer. God offers an angel instead, but at Moses's petition He says (14) 'My face shall go before
thee', which the Septuagint reads by autoV though the following verse shows that this rendering is clearly impossible, for Moses
objects: 'If Thou Thyself dost not go before us, bring us not out of this place.' But what does God mean by 'my face'? Is it possible
that some angel of specially high rank is intended, as in Is. lxiii, 9 (cf. Tobias xii, 15)? May not this be what is meant by 'the Angel
of God' (cf. Num. xx, 16)?"
- Hugh Pope, The Catholic Encyclopedia
"He [the Lord] said, 'Surely they are my people, sons who will not be false to me'; and so he became their Savior. In all their
distress he too was distressed, and the angel of his presence saved them. In his love and mercy he redeemed them; he lifted them
up and carried them all the days of old. Yet they rebelled and grieved his Holy Spirit. So he turned and became their enemy and he
himself fought against them."
- Isaiah 63:9-10
"The Massoretic text as well as the Vulgate of Exod. iii and xix-xx clearly represent the Supreme Being as appearing to Moses
in the bush and on Mount Sinai; but the Septuagint version, while agreeing that it was God Himself who gave the Law, yet makes
it 'the angel of the Lord' who appeared in the bush."
- Hugh Pope, The Catholic Encyclopedia
"There the angel of the LORD appeared to him in flames of fire from within a bush. Moses saw that though the bush was on
fire it did not burn up. Moses thought, 'I will go over and see this strange sight--why the bush does not burn up.'
When the LORD saw that he had gone over to look, God called to him from within the bush, 'Moses! Moses!'"
- Exodus 3:2-4a
"By New Testament times the Septuagint view has prevailed, and it is now not merely in the bush that the angel of the Lord,
and not God Himself appears, but the angel is also the Giver of the Law (cf. Gal. iii, 19; Heb. ii, 2; Acts vii, 30)."
- Hugh Pope, The Catholic Encyclopedia
"The law was put into effect through angels by a mediator"
- Galatians 3:19c
"The person of 'the angel of the Lord' finds a counterpart in the personification of Wisdom in the Sapiential books and in at
least one passage (Zach. iii, 1) it seems to stand for that 'Son of Man' whom Daniel (vii, 13) saw brought before 'the Ancient of
Days'. Zacharias says: 'And the Lord showed me J esus the high priest standing before the angel of the Lord, and Satan stood on
His right hand to be His adversary'."
- Hugh Pope, The Catholic Encyclopedia
Unlike the "messengers" who could be mistaken for humans in the Book of Genesis, Daniel's angel was resplendent in its
divinity.
"I looked up and there before me was a man dressed in linen, with a belt of the finest gold around his waist.waist. His body
was like chrysolite, his face like lightning, his eyes like flaming torches, his arms and legs like the gleam of burnished bronze, and
his voice like the sound of a multitude. I, Daniel, was the only one who saw the vision; the menwith me did not see it, but such
terror overwhelmed them that they fled and hid themselves."
- Daniel 10:5-7
"Later Biblical books developed the idea of malochim [messengers], but it wasn't until the Book of Daniel, written in the
second century BC, that some of these heavenly creatures were given names. Daniel mentions Gabriel (geber is man, El is God)
and Michael. The later non-canonical books built a whole hierarchy of angels, headed by Metatron, prince of the heavenly hosts."
- Harry Gersh, The Sacred Books of the J ews
(4) The Apocryphal Tradition
Ca. 150 B.C.E., the author of 1 Enoch wrote of his spell-binding journey to heaven where he saw angels and their glory.
4
"And these are the names of the holy angels who watch. Uriel, one of the holy angels, who is over the world and over
Tartarus. Raphael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits of men. Raguel, one of the holy angels who takes vengeanceon
the world of the luminaries. Michael, one of the holy angels, to wit, he that is set over thebest part of mankind and over chaos.
Saraqael, one of the holy angels, who is set over the spirits, who sin in the spirit. Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who isover
Paradise and the serpents and the Cherubim. Remiel, one of the holy angels, whom God set over those who rise."
- 1 Enoch 20:1-8
Essene proselytes swore to "preserve the books belonging to their sect, and the names of the angels." (Flavius J osephus, Wars
of the J ews, Bk 2, Ch 8, Sn 7). The First Book of Enoch was the first piece of J ewish literature to describe a class of angels, the
Watchers, who are positively evil and who lead the dead to a place of eternal torment.
"And all the angels shall execute their commandst
And shall seek to hide themselves from the presence of the Great Glory,
And the children of earth shall tremble and quake;
And ye sinners shall be cursed for ever,
And ye shall have no peace."
- 1 Enoch 102:3
The Book of J ubilees "was also known in early times as the Apocalypse of Moses, for it allegedly was written down by Moses
at Mount Sinai as an angel dictated to him the histories of days past. (Scholars, though, believe that the work was composed in the
second century BC)."
- Zecharia Sitchin, The Stairway to Heaven
"For in his days the angels of the Lord descended uponearth - those who are named The Watchers - that they should instruct
the children of men, that they should do judgment and uprightness upon earth."
- The Book of J ubilees
"According to the Book of J ubilees, the Watchers are the sons of god (Genesis 6) sent from heaven to instruct the children of
men; they fell after they descended to earth and cohabited with the daughters of men - for which act they were condemned (so
legend reports) and became fallen angels. But not all Watchers descended: those that remained are the holy Watchers, and they
reside in the 5th Heaven. The evil Watchers dwell either in the 3rd Heaven or in Hell."
- A Dictionary of Angels
"According to the Book of J ubilees, Enoch...testified about the Watchers who had sinned with the daughters of men; he
testified against them all." And it was to protect him from the revenge of the sinning angels of the Lord, that 'he was takenfrom
amongst the children of men, and was conducted into the Garden of Eden."
- Zecharia Sitchin, The Stairway toHeaven
"And I Enoch was blessing the Lord of majesty and the King of the ages, and lo! the Watchers called me -Enoch the scribe-
and said to me: 'Enoch, thou scribe of righteousness, go, declare to the Watchers of the heaven who have left the high heaven, the
holy eternal place, and have defiled themselves with women, and have done as the children of earth do, and have taken unto
themselves wives: "Ye have wrought great destruction on the earth: And ye shall have no peace nor forgiveness of sin: and
inasmuch as they delight themselves in their children, The murder of their beloved ones shall they see, and over the destruction of
their children shall they lament, and shall make supplication unto eternity, but mercy and peace shall ye not attain".'"
- 1 Enoch 10:3-8
As recounted in the Dead Sea Scrolls:
"...'In the days of J ared', two hundred Watchers 'descended' on 'Ardis', the summit of Mount Hermon - a mythical location
equated with the triple peak of J ebel esh Sheikh (9,200 feet), placed in the most northerly region of ancient Palestine. In Old
Testament times its snowy heights had been revered as sacred by various peoples who inhabited the Holy Land; it was also the
probable site of the Transfiguration of Christ when the disciples witnessed their Lord 'transfigured before them'.
"On this mountain the Watchers swear an oath and bind themselves by 'mutual imprecations', apparently knowing full well the
consequences their actions will have both for themselves and for humanity as a whole. It is a pact commemorated in the name
given to the place of their 'fall', for in Hebrew the word Hermon, or harem, translates as 'curse'. "
- Andrew Collins, From the Ashes of Angels - The Forbidden Legacy of a Fallen Race (1996) pp. 23-24
"In time, each of the 200 took an earthly spouse. These unions produced children of extraordinary size, who quickly devoured
the world's food. To satisfy their enormous appetites, the angel-children roamed the earth, slaughtering every species of bird, beast,
reptile and fish. Finally, the ravenous creatures turned on one another, stripping flesh from the bones of their fellows and slaking
their thirst in rivers of blood. As this wave of destruction washed over the earth, the anguished cries of humankind reached four
powerful archangels - Uriel, Raphael, Gabriel, and Michael - who upon orders from God enacted a swift retribution. First Uriel
descended to earth to warn Noah of a coming deluge, advising him to prepare an ark to carry his family and a menagerie of
creatures to safety. Raphael then fell upon the leader of the Watchers, bound him hand and foot, and thrust him into eternal
darkness. Next, Gabriel charged with slaying the dissenters' offspring, encouraged the monstrous angel-children to fight one
another. Finally, Michael trussedup the remaining Watchers, forced them to witness the deaths of their progeny, and condemned
them to eternal torment. Only then did the heavens open up and wash away the last traces of the destruction that the fallen angels
had wrought."
- Cosmic Duality
"Other Watchers stand accused of revealing to mortal kind the knowledge of more scientific arts, such as the knowledge of the
clouds, or meteorology; the 'signs of the earth', presumably geodesy and geography; as well as astronomy and the 'signs', or
5
passage, of the celestial bodies, such as the sun and moon. Shemyaza [the leader of the Watchers] is accredited with having taught
men 'enchantments, and root-cuttings', a reference to the magical arts...One of their number, Penemue, taught 'the bitter and the
sweet', surely a reference to the use of herbs and spices in foods, while instructing men on the use of 'ink and paper', implying that
the Watchers introduced the earliest forms of writing. Far more disturbing is Kisdeja, who is said to have shown 'the children of
men all the wicked smitings of spirits and demons, and the smitings of the embryo in the womb, that it may pass away'. In other
words, he taught women how to abort their babies."
- Andrew Collins, From the Ashes of Angels - The Forbidden Legacyof a Fallen Race (1996) p. 26
"I saw Watchers in my vision, the dream-vision. Two (men) were fighting over me, saying...and holding a great contest over
me. I asked them, 'Who are you, that you are thus empo[wered over me?' They answered me, 'We] [have been em]powered and
rule over all mankind'. They said to me, 'Which of us do yo[u choose to rule (you)?' I raised my eyes and looked.] [One] of them
was terri]fying in his appearance, [like a s]erpent, [his] cl[oa]k many-colored yet very dark...[And I looked again], and...in his
appearance, his visage like a viper, and [wearing...] [exceedingly, and all his eyes...]" "[I replied to him,] 'This [Watcher,] so is he?'
He answered me, 'This Wa[tcher...] [and his three names are Belial and Prince of Darkness] andKing of Evil.'"
- "Testament of Amram" (4Q535, Manuscript B)
One by one the angels of heaven are appointed by God to proceed against the Watchers and their offspring the Nephilim,
described as 'the bastards and the reprobates, and the children of fornication'. Azazel is bound hand and foot, and cast for eternity
into the darkness of a desert referred to as Dudael. Upon him are placed 'rough and jagged rocks' and here he shall forever remain
until the Day of judgment, when he will be 'cast into the fire' for his sins. For their part in the corruption of mankind, the Watchers
are forced to witness the slaughter of their own children before being cast into some kind of heavenly prison, an 'abyss of fire'.
Although the Watchers' leader, Shemyaza, is cast intothis abyss alongside his brothers, in other versions of the story he undergoes
a more dramatic punishment. Since he was tempted by a beautiful mortal maiden named Ishtahar to reveal the Explicit Name of
God in exchange for the offer of carnal pleasure, heis to be tied and bound before being made to hang for all eternity between
heaven and earth, head down, in the constellation of Orion."
- Andrew Collins, From the Ashes of Angels - The Forbidden Legacy of a Fallen Race (1996) p. 26
"These spirits were locked away in the earth, but Mastema persuaded God to keep out one in ten to tempt humanity until the
judgement and to commit all forms of transgression.
"In the Day of J udgement all such spirits will be consigned to eternal torment and humanity renewed in spirit back to the
generations of Adam: 'And the days will begin to grow many and increase amongst the children of men till their days draw night to
a thousand years ... And there will be no old man ...For all will be as children and youths.' "The Tree of Life, fragrant and
wonderful to behold will be returned to the centre ground, and the New J erusalem will be built by God - just as later described in
Revelation."
- Chris King, "The Apocalyptic Tradition"
"The corruption still left in the world after the imprisonment of the Watchers, and the death of their Nephilim offspring, is to
be swept away by a series of global catastrophes, ending in the Great Flood so familiar within biblical traditions. In a separate
account of the plight of the Nephilim, this mass-destruction is seen in terms of an all-encompassing conflagration sent by the
angels of heaven in the form of 'fire, naphtha and brimstone'. No one will survive these cataclysms of fire and water save for the
'seed' of Noah, from whose line will come the future human race."
- Andrew Collins, From the Ashes of Angels - The Forbidden Legacy of a Fallen Race (1996) p. 28
"And now, the giants, who are produced from the spirits and flesh, shall be called evil spirits upon the earth, and on the earth
shall be their dwelling. Evil spirits have proceeded from their bodies; because they are born from men and from the holy Watchers
is their beginning and primal origin; they shall be evil spirits on earth, and evil spirits shall they be called. [As for thespirits of
heaven, in heaven shall be their dwelling, but as for the spirits of the earth which were born upon the earth, on the earth shall be
their dwelling.] And the spirits of the giants afflict, oppress, destroy, attack, do battle, and work destruction on the earth, and cause
trouble: they take no food, but nevertheless hunger and thirst, and cause offenses. And these spirits shall rise up against the
children of men and against the women, because they have proceeded from them."
- 1 Enoch 8-12
"The explanation of this myth, which has been a stumbling block to theologians, may be the arrival in Palestine of tall,
barabarous Hebrew herdsmen early in the second millenium B.C., and their exposure, by marriage, to Asianic civilization. 'Sons of
El' in this sense would mean the 'cattle-owning worshipper of the Semite Bull-god El'; 'Daughters of Adam' would mean 'women
of the soil' (adama), namely, the Goddess- worshipping Canaanite agriculturists, notorious for their orgies and premarital
prostitution. If so, this historical event has been tangled with the Ugaritic myth how El seduced two mortal women and fathered
divine sons on them, namely Shahar ('Dawn') and Shalem ('Perfect'). Shahar appears as a winged deity in Psalm CXXXIX:9, and
his son, according to IsaiahXIV:12, was the fallen angel Helel. Unions between gods and mortals, that is to say between kings or
queens and commoners, occur frequently in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern myth. Since later J udaism rejected all deities but its
own transcendental God, and since He never married or consorted with any female whatsoever, Rabbi Shimon ben Yohai in
Genesis Rabba felt obliged to curse all who read 'Sons of God' in the Ugartic sense. Clearly, such an interperetation was still
current in the second century A.D., and lapsed only when Bene Elohim meant 'God' and J udge,' the theory being that when a duly
appointed magistrate tried a case, the Spirit of El posessed him: 'I have said, ye are gods.' (Psalm LXXXII:6)"
- Robert Graves and Raphael Patai, Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis
6
J ewish religious authorities, concerned that the growing worship of angels would be a threat to the belief in one God, excised
works like that of Enoch and Book of J ubilees from canonical literature, making them part of what is now known as the
Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha.
The mysterious "egregors" of later magical tradition are linguistically derived from the Watchers and indicate the continuation
of an underground stream of knowledge.
The Nephilim
"The Sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose."
- Genesis 6:2
"Some commentators believe that the expression 'sons of God' refers to the 'godly line' of Seth, and 'daughters of men' to
women from the line of Cain."
- Commentary on the Living Bible
"The Book of Giants was another literary work concerned with Enoch, widely read (after translation into the appropriate
languages) in the Roman empire....The 'giants' were believed to be the offspring of fallen angels (the Nephilim; also called
Watchers) and human women."
- Robert Eisman and Michael Wise, The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered
(In The Book of Giants (i.e., 4Q531, 6Q8 Frag. 2 and 4Q530 Col. 2), "the name of one of the giants is Gilgamesh, the
Babylonian hero and subject of a great epic written in the third millennium B.C.E."
- Michael Wise, Martin Abegg, J r., and Edward Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation (1996) p. 247)
The root of Nephilim is nephel which means: "untimely birth, abortion, miscarriage".
"The Nefilim were upon the Earth in those days and thereafter too. Those sons of the gods who cohabited with the daughters
of the Adam, and they bore children into them. They were the Mighty Ones of Eternity, the People of the Shem."
- Genesis 6:4
"There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and
they; bare children unto them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown."
- Genesis 6:4 (King J ames version)
"Megalithic monuments, found by the Hebrews on their arrival in Canaan, will have encouraged legends about giants; as in
Greece, where the monstrous man-eating Cyclopes were said by story-tellers ignorant of ramps, levers and other Mycenaean
engineering devices, to have lifted single- handed the huge blocks of stone that form the walls of Tiryns, Mycenae and other
ancient cities."
- Robert Graves and Raphael Patai, Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis
On a parchment fragment 4Q201(En ara) copied ca. 200-150 B.C.E. found at Qumrum:
13. [They (the leaders) and all ... of them took for themselves] wives from all that they chose and [they began to cohabit with
them and to defile themselves with them]; and to teach them sorcery and [spells and the cutting of roots; and to acquaint them with
herbs.] And they become pregnant by them and bore (great) giants three thousand cubits high ...]
- Book of Enoch (from Translation by J . C. Greenfield
"Later J ewish tradition has it that their seduction was at least partly their ownfault since they had taught the girls the art of
cosmetics, and so had begun the awful progress of mankind to degeneracy and sexual abandon. More important, 'they taught them
charms and enchantments, the cutting of roots, and make them acquainted with plants..." (Enoch 7:1ff)."
- J ohn M. Allegro, The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross
"The Hebrew word for giants (nephilum) literally means the fallen-down-ones because these tall celestial beings fell from the
sky. Their half-breed progeny and their descendantsare often mentioned in the early books of the Old Testament until the last of
them were finally killed off. They were known as the Rephaim [Hebrew for 'phantoms'], Emim, Anakim, Horim, Avim, and
Zamzummim. Some scholars speculate that this tradition of giants born from the union of gods and humans formed the basis for
the demigod of Greek mythology."
- Raymond E. Fowler, The Watchers
"Those giants...are termed n'philim (lit. 'those who have fallen' or 'perished'). A similar tradition mentions such a raceof
primordial giants in the Rephaim."
- J ohn Gray, Near Eastern Mythology
"The Nefilim ('Fallen Ones') bore many other tribal names, such as Emim ('Terrors'), Repha'im ('Weakeners'), Gibborim
('Giant Heroes'), Zamzummim ('Achievers'), Anakim ('Long-necked' or 'Wearers of Necklaces'), Awwim ('Devastators' or
'Serpents'). One of the Nefilim named Arba is said to have built the city of Hebron, called 'Kiriath-Arba' after him, and become the
father of Anak whose three sons, Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai, were later expelled by J oshua's comrade Caleb. Since, however,
arba means 'four' in Hebrew, Kiriath-Arba may have originally have meant 'City of Four,' a reference to its four quarters
mythically connected with the Anakite clans: Anak himself and his 'sons' Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai."
- Robert Graves and Raphael Patai, Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis
"And there we saw the Nephilim, the sons of Anak, which come of the Nephilim: and we were in our own sight as
grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight."
- Numbers 13:33
"The Emim - a large and numerous people, as tall as the Anakim - had formerly inhabited it [Moab]. Like the Anakim, they
are usually reckoned as Rephaim, though the Moabites call them Emim."
7
"Now only King Og of Bashan was left of the remnant of the Rephaim. In fact his bed, an iron bed, can still be seen in Rabbah
of the Ammonites. By the common cubit [63.5 cm/25 in] it is nine cubits [5.7 m/18.75 ft] long and four cubits wide."
- Deuteronomy 2:11, 3:11
"Our skills and behavior are finely attuned to our size. We could not be twice as tall as we are, for the kinetic energy of a fall
would then be 16 to 32 times as great, and our sheer weight (increased eightfold) would be more than our legs could support.
Human giants of eight to nine feet have either died young or been crippled early by failure of joints and bones. At half our size, we
could not wield a club with sufficient force to hunt large animals (for kinetic energy would decrease 16 to 32-fold); we could not
impart sufficient momentum to spears and arrows; we could not cut or split wood with primitive tools or mine minerals with picks
and chisels. Since these all were essential activities in our historical development, we must conclude that the path of our evolution
could only have beenfollowed by a creature very close to our size. I do not argue that we inhabit the best of all possible worlds,
only that our size has limited our activities and, to a great extent, shaped our evolution."
- Stephen J ay Gould, "Sizing Up Human Intelligence," Physical Anthropology 96/97, pp.150-51
"The tradition in Genesis 6.4 may reflect the Canaanite myth of the birth of minor gods from the union of El and human
women. The conception of the Rephaim as supermen may reflect the Canaanite tradition of defunct kings as rp'um, or Dispensers
of fertility. The identity in tradition of 'the fallen ones' of Genesis 6:4 and the Rephaim is supported by the nature of thelatter in
Proverbs 2:18; J ob 26:5 and Phoenician funerary inscriptions."
- J ohn Gray, Near Eastern Mythology
"For her house leads down to death and her paths to the spirits of the dead."
- Proverbs 2:18
"The dead are in deep anguish, those beneath the waters and all that live in them."
- J ob 26:5
The Land of Tilmun/Dilmun
"The first known account of a paradisial garden appears on a cuneiform tablet from ancient Sumer. Here we learn of the
mythical place called Dilmun, a pure, clean, bright place where sickness, violence, and old age do not exist. At first this paradise
lacks only one thing: water. Eventually this is provided by the Sumerian water god, Enki. At once, Dilmun is transformed into a
garden of fruit trees, edible plants, and flowers. Dilmun, however, is a paradise for the gods alone and not for human beings,
although one learns that Ziusudra (the Sumerian counterpart of Noah) was exceptionally admitted to the divine garden."
- An Encyclopedia of Archetypal Symbolism
"The origin of the Sumerians, a broad-headed people, who were physically and linguistically quite different from the Semites,
is one of the great unsolved problems of history. It has been conjectured that they came from the south-east, either by way of
southern Persia or by the Persian Gulf. Their early familiarity with ships seems to support the late view, and it is perhaps
significant that the scene of one of their myths is laid in Tilmun [Dilmun]. which has been identified with the island of Bahrain in
the Persian Gulf....The tradition of civilization emerging fully developed without the long, painful process of evolutionagrees with
the sudden urban settlement of southern Mesopotamia by a people from overseas who brought with them the necessary skills and
political organization to control in such a region."
A millennium later "dominance was won by the Semitic power in the city of Agade, or Akkad, under Sargon, the first really
great imperialist in history (2242-2186 BC)."
- J ohn Gray, Near Eastern Mythology
"...P. B. Cornwall (On the Location of Tilmun), identifies Tilmun (sometimes transcribed 'Dilmun') as the island of Bahrein in
the Persian Gulf. This view relies most heavily on the inscription by Sargon II of Assyria, wherein he asserted that among the
kings paying him tribute was 'Uperi, king of Dilmun, whose abode is situated like a fish, thirty double-hours away, in the midst of
the sea where the sun rises'. This statement is taken to mean that Tilmun was an island, and the scholars who hold this view
identify the 'Sea where the sun rises' as the Persian Gulf."
"Even in the days of Gilgamesh, not all of the Land Tilmun was a restricted area. There was a part...where sentenced men
toiled in dark and dusty mines, digging out the copper and gemstones for which Tilmun was famous. Long associated with Sumer
in culture and trade, Tilmun supplied it with certain desired species of woods. And its agricultural areas - subject of the...tale of
Ninsilkilla's plea for artesian waters - provided the ancient world with highly prized onions and dates."
"Bahrein had none of these, except for some 'ordinary dates'." The distance traveled and natural resources do correspond to the
Sinai peninsula, however. Acacia wood, unerground water reservoirs, scallions and date palms are all found there.
- Zecharia Sitchin, The Stairway to Heaven
"The lands of Magan [Egypt] and Tilmun
looked up at me.
I, Enki, moored the Tilmun-boat at the coast,
Loaded the Magan-boat sky high.
The joyous boat of Meluhha
transports gold and silver."
- Sumerian text
"The Mesopotamian texts described Tilmun as situated at the 'mouth' of two bodies of water. TheSinai peninsula, shaped as
an inverted triangle indeed begins where the Red Sea separates into two arms - the gulf of Suez on the west, and the Gulf of Elat
(Gulf of Aqaba) on the east."
8
"The texts spoke of mountainous Tilmun'. The Sinai peninsula is indeed made up of a high mountainous southern part, a
mountainous central plateau, and a northern plain (surrounded by mountains), which levels off via sandy hills to the Mediterranean
coastline....Sargon of Akkad claimed that he reached as 'washed his weapons' in the Mediterranean; 'the sea lands' - the lands along
the Mediterranean coast - 'three times I encircled; Tilmun my hand captured'. Sargon II, king of Assyria in the eighth century BC,
asserted that he had conquered the area stretching 'from Bit-Yahkin on the shore of the salt Sea as far as the border of Tilmun'. The
name 'Salt Sea' has survived to this day as a Hebrew name for the Dead Sea - another confirmation that Tilmun lay in proximity to
the Dead Sea."
- Zecharia Sitchin, The Stairway to Heaven
"I trod upon Arza at the Brook of Egypt; I put Asuhili, its king, in fetters...Upon Qanayah, king of Tilmun, I imposed tribute."
- Sargon II
"The name 'Brook of Egypt' is identical to the biblical name for the large and extensive Sinai wadi (shallow river that runs
with water only during the rainy season) now called Wadi El-Arish."
- Zecharia Sitchin, The Stairway to Heaven
Text courtesy The Process, http://process.intercosmos.com