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Multiple Effect Evaporator Example

This document provides an example of calculating the requirements for a triple effect evaporator that evaporates 500 kg/hr of a 10% solution up to 30%. It determines that 115 kg/hr of steam is needed with a total heat exchanger surface of 630 m^2. The evaporating temperatures in each effect are 121.1°C, 106.5°C, and 85.9°C respectively. It also provides a second example of calculating the area requirements for a double effect evaporator concentrating a 5% solution to 40% at a rate of 8000 kg/hr.

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Ricardo Veloz
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2K views8 pages

Multiple Effect Evaporator Example

This document provides an example of calculating the requirements for a triple effect evaporator that evaporates 500 kg/hr of a 10% solution up to 30%. It determines that 115 kg/hr of steam is needed with a total heat exchanger surface of 630 m^2. The evaporating temperatures in each effect are 121.1°C, 106.5°C, and 85.9°C respectively. It also provides a second example of calculating the area requirements for a double effect evaporator concentrating a 5% solution to 40% at a rate of 8000 kg/hr.

Uploaded by

Ricardo Veloz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR EXAMPLE

Estimate the requirements of steam and heat transfer surface, and the evaporating temperatures in
each effect, for a triple effect evaporator evaporating 500 kg/hr of a 10% solution up to a 30% solution.
Steam is available at 200 kPa gauge and the pressure in the evaporation space in the final effects is 60
kPa absolute. Assume that the overall heat transfer coefficients are 2270, 200 and 1420 J/m-s-degC in
the first, second and third effects respectively. Neglect sensible heat. Assume no boiling point elevation,
and also equal heat transfer in each effect.
Solution
Mass balance, kg/hr
Solids Liquids Total
Feed 50 450 500
Product 50 117 167
Evaporation 333

Heat balance
From steam tables, the condensing temperature of steam at 200 kPa gauge is 134 degC and the latent
heat is 2164 kJ/kg. Evaporating temperature in final effect under pressure of 60 kPa (abs) is 86 degC, as
there is no boiling point rise and latent heat is 2294 kJ/kg.
Equating the heat transfer in each effect,


and

( )
Now if


then


and


So that


Consequently,


And so the evaporating temperature and latent heat from steam tables:
In first effect is (134 12.9) = 121.1 degC; latent heat is 2200 kJ/kg
In second effect is (121.1 14.6) = 106.5 degC; latent heat is 2240 kJ/kg
In third effect is (106.5 20.6) = 85.9 degC; latent heat is 2294 kJ/kg
Equating the quantitites evaporated in each eefect and neglecting the sensible heat changes, if


and

are the respective quantities evaporated in effects 1, 2 and 3 and

is the quantity of steam


condensed per hour in effect 1, then,

()(

()(

()(

()(

)
The sum of the quantities evaporated in each effect must equal the total evaporated in all three effects
so that:

)
Therefore,
(

))


Steam consumption
It required 115 kg of steam to evaporate based on our calculation with

to evaporate a total of 333 kg


water, that is






Heat exchanger surface
Writing the heat balance on the first effect:


( )


Then,


Therefore,








DOUBLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR EXAMPLE
A 5% aqueous solution of a high molecular weight solute has to be concentrated to 40% in a forward-
feed double effect evaporator at the rate of 8000 kg/hr. the feed temperature is 40 degC. Saturated
steam at 3.5 kg/cm
2
is available for heating. A vacuum of 600 mmHg is maintained in the second effect.
Calculate the area requirements, if calendria of equal area are used. The overall heat transfer
coefficients are 550 and 370 kcal/h-m
2
-degC in the first and the last effect respectively. The specific heat
of the concentrated liquor is 0.87 kcal/kg-degC.
SOLUTION


Therefore,

Solving the equations of m
s
and m
s2
simultaneously for the revised calculation,

Thus,

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