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Calculating The Hamming Code

The Hamming Code allows for the detection of single bit errors by using additional parity bits. It works by assigning certain bit positions as parity bits based on powers of two. Each parity bit calculates parity for a sequence of data bits, with the sequence determined by its position. A parity bit is set to 1 if the total number of ones in the checked bits is odd, and 0 if it is even. To find the location of an error, the parity of each check bit is recalculated and positions of incorrect parity bits are summed.

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47 views2 pages

Calculating The Hamming Code

The Hamming Code allows for the detection of single bit errors by using additional parity bits. It works by assigning certain bit positions as parity bits based on powers of two. Each parity bit calculates parity for a sequence of data bits, with the sequence determined by its position. A parity bit is set to 1 if the total number of ones in the checked bits is odd, and 0 if it is even. To find the location of an error, the parity of each check bit is recalculated and positions of incorrect parity bits are summed.

Uploaded by

Piyush Chand
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CalculatingtheHammingCode

ThekeytotheHammingCodeistheuseofextraparitybitstoallowtheidentificationofasingle
error.Createthecodewordasfollows:
1. Markallbitpositionsthatarepowersoftwoasparitybits.(positions1,2,4,8,16,32,64,etc.)
2. Allotherbitpositionsareforthedatatobeencoded.(positions3,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,
15,17,etc.)
3. Eachparitybitcalculatestheparityforsomeofthebitsinthecodeword.Thepositionofthe
paritybitdeterminesthesequenceofbitsthatitalternatelychecksandskips.
Position1:check1bit,skip1bit,check1bit,skip1bit,etc.(1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,...)
Position2:check2bits,skip2bits,check2bits,skip2bits,etc.(2,3,6,7,10,11,14,15,...)
Position4:check4bits,skip4bits,check4bits,skip4bits,etc.
(4,5,6,7,12,13,14,15,20,21,22,23,...)
Position8:check8bits,skip8bits,check8bits,skip8bits,etc.(815,2431,4047,...)
Position16:check16bits,skip16bits,check16bits,skip16bits,etc.(1631,4863,8095,...)
Position32:check32bits,skip32bits,check32bits,skip32bits,etc.(3263,96127,160
191,...)
etc.
4. Setaparitybitto1ifthetotalnumberofonesinthepositionsitchecksisodd.Setaparitybit
to0ifthetotalnumberofonesinthepositionsitchecksiseven.
Hereisanexample:
Abyteofdata:10011010
Createthedataword,leavingspacesfortheparitybits:__1_001_1010
Calculatetheparityforeachparitybit(a?representsthebitpositionbeingset):
Position1checksbits1,3,5,7,9,11:
?_1_001_1010.Evenparitysosetposition1toa0:0_1_001_1010
Position2checksbits2,3,6,7,10,11:
0?1_001_1010.Oddparitysosetposition2toa1:011_001_1010
Position4checksbits4,5,6,7,12:
011?001_1010.Oddparitysosetposition4toa1:0111001_1010
Position8checksbits8,9,10,11,12:
0111001?1010.Evenparitysosetposition8toa0:011100101010
Codeword:011100101010.

Findingandfixingabadbit
Theaboveexamplecreatedacodewordof011100101010.Supposethewordthatwasreceivedwas
011100101110instead.Thenthereceivercouldcalculatewhichbitwaswrongandcorrectit.The
methodistoverifyeachcheckbit.Writedownalltheincorrectparitybits.Doingso,youwill
discoverthatparitybits2and8areincorrect.Itisnotanaccidentthat2+8=10,andthatbitposition
10isthelocationofthebadbit.Ingeneral,checkeachparitybit,andaddthepositionsthatarewrong,
thiswillgiveyouthelocationofthebadbit.

Tryoneyourself
Testifthesecodewordsarecorrect,assumingtheywerecreatedusinganevenparityHamming
Code.Ifoneisincorrect,indicatewhatthecorrectcodewordshouldhavebeen.Also,indicatewhat

theoriginaldatawas.
010101100011
111110001100
000010001010

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