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This document discusses sediment properties, settling velocity, and sediment entrainment. It defines the dimensionless grain diameter D* and provides a formula for settling velocity ws as a function of grain diameter D. It also defines the Shields parameter θ, which represents the threshold beyond which sediment entrainment occurs. Graphs show the relationship between ws and D as well as the critical value of θ (θcrit) as a function of D*.

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Fatmah El Wardagy
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35 views3 pages

Handouts4 6

This document discusses sediment properties, settling velocity, and sediment entrainment. It defines the dimensionless grain diameter D* and provides a formula for settling velocity ws as a function of grain diameter D. It also defines the Shields parameter θ, which represents the threshold beyond which sediment entrainment occurs. Graphs show the relationship between ws and D as well as the critical value of θ (θcrit) as a function of D*.

Uploaded by

Fatmah El Wardagy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Nottingham

Sedimentation and Erosion Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering


H24HSE (2013-2014)

Sediment properties

Figure 1: Conversion chart from units to microns ( m) and mm (Wentworth grain size scale). From Soulsby
[1997]
The dimensionless grain diameter is defined as:
D = D g [(s /) 1] / 2

HANDOUTS

1/3

[October 4, 2013]

University of Nottingham
Sedimentation and Erosion Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering


H24HSE (2013-2014)

Settling velocity
One formula for settling velocity of sediment grains is:

ws

s
2

112
5 36
36
+
+
(s 1)gD

14 D
D
15

(1)

i
p
h
12.86 + {(12.86)2 + 0.952D3}
D

(2)

10

10

10

ws [m/s]

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10
D [mm]

10

10

Figure 2: Settling velocity (ws ) as a function of grain diameter (D) as given by the formula (2) (in fresh water)

HANDOUTS

[October 4, 2013]

University of Nottingham
Sedimentation and Erosion Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering


H24HSE (2013-2014)

Sediment entrainment
The Shields parameter (sometimes called the entrainment function) is denoted and defined as:
=

u2
0
=
(s )gD
(s 1)gD

(3)

The Shields diagram depicts the critical value of = crit , which defines a threshold beyond which sediment
entrainment takes place.

crit =

0.3
+ 0.055 [1 exp (0.02D )]
(1 + 1.2D )

(4)

10

crit

[]

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

D []

Figure 3: The Shields Diagram: Critical value of the Shields parameter (crit ) as a function of dimensionless
grainsize (D )

HANDOUTS

[October 4, 2013]

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