Springer ein Hades ow tok ana Hong Kot U. Meyer-Baese Digital Signal Processing with Field Programmable Gate Arrays With a3 Figures and 57 Tables é Springeri Uwe Meyer-BaesePhD. ocd tte Unvesisy Dept lect! and Computer Engineering PAIIL-ESU Cllege Engineering ss Potadamer tet ‘lahasee, Fr 3ie046,USA emails Uwe Meyer Base@icearg ‘son yst0-n9t-3 Spring Vea tin Heidelberg New Yok anyones age nbn Daag tts Wer acae: beta tee Nerd bacon ‘ect a eee Sn ete eee “se ph A ae or te ea pte ma ‘ri it tin ng eo aii eg ‘cn min na be a tats Bena Fenty erp teem soenrn ‘Semnannndpemints or ee anes pee oy a ee cetacean mss soc a eprint serene malay ‘ee nce ma manana iin atin Soe hd, ee ‘Tomy Parents and ny wife AnkePreface id progranuable ate rays (FPGA) are onthe vere of rvclatiniing Agha signal proensingin the manner Unt progranuable gil sgl po ‘mrs (PDSPa) di aesly tro decades ago. Many fot-n digital sigan ‘wocesing (DSP) algorithns, yack as FFTs PU I ers, tomate at fon, previously bt with ASICs oe PSPs ce now most win rplced ‘yy FPGAn Modern FPGA famion provide DSP aelhntic spent will ‘ocr chine (Xie XCaDOM, Alt FLEX) whi se wl tiple ‘meat enlipl-accamnlaes (MAGS) at high sper, with low overhead {om cots i} Provous FPGA fae bae set often targeted TTC “pe loge” and dt wok have the high gate want neal fr DSP fantons. The ‘fice implementation af hve rtd sits he rain goal of took. {At the beaming ofthe twenty-first entry we fd that the evo pro tras device (PLD) markt ders (Altera aad Xe) bot ee prt ovens greater than USE hl. FPGAs have expe sendy gent more th 20% the lek decade, owtpestormiog ASIC sad PDSPs ty If This come fom the fae tht PPGAs hare may fetes com sta wi ASICs, ach as eduction a it, egy a power dpi, Ligier troughpat, beltr seer against uated cp, ree de vice mad ventory ent aed ede boar tt costs nd la advantages rer ASICs sch asa Yeduetion In develbpment tne (rapid protlying), {erczeitzoprogsammabily, lomer NRE. cst, cevalng sore ‘ea desig for stone segureg les than 1,000 its Compaced with PSPs, FPGA design typically exh parallesn, empl ‘ple mulpy-aecumulaty eal eflcney eg ene pode term are reer, od pipelining, enc LE has ureter eee poeiing ies mo ‘tinal cure Another tenn the DSP hardware design mold the mieaion fr apical design entre a hardware dewspon Ingonge (HDL). Alto ‘ny DSP agoircan be deeribod with “ia ow gong” ae berm fennd tht "ode rege” such bigher wich ML-based entire tha ith ‘sraphical design eases There high demand for HDL deignengncers Sud we alto Bad degrada sans nbn lg design with HDL ‘forsoatly ten HDL langages ace ppt oy, The US west const ad‘is aten prefer Verilog while US cit oar and Buope mice funy oe VHDL. Tox DSP with FPGAs both lngsager soa to be well sulted, “ough ace some VHDL examples azo = Ble eer to tal became of he suport sigeed arith and multiply ede operations nthe IEEE VHDL Tore 198 ond 10761909 stad The yp expected to snp ys ater appre of the new Verb IBEE standard 19511000, oi alo tides tgned arithmetic, Other comttalnta may fchde personal prefer nce, EDA Uary sad Gol svat, datatypes, ead, capi, hd angengo tensions slag PLL, well cose busines, and tart tue, tena jt af [3] Tol providers arknowldge olay {hat bot onguage be tote apport and this book ores rayon th sgn lng We at now das inthe fortunate tuathm that “tine” HDL compilers acetal eo ifeent sources a esily no cot for edgcaiional se. ‘We take advantage af eft thin bok. Ie icon « CD-ROM with Ices ewes! YsPlaaLTsftnar, which provider complete set of design Tons oma content ees fr mp wd waar to a iste (Gannon Allemplee preeaied se wet VHDL nad Veog and Fhould be easly daped tose poprety desigaenty seme Xia “Poundatn Ste Molo Modes compiler Synopsys PC2 FPGA Compe sould wrk without aay cba i the VHDL or Verilog, ike "Te bok insite fll. The et ehaper sts wih a sapsot| toys FPGA technology athe desir and tol ed to desi ale ‘Eiken DSP system Isso hehder «detail cave study of a feoqwency Syathae, needing sompaton step, lation, performace evaltation, ‘mr estan, and le plang, Th ace ady x the bss for tnore {ae 30 other design example in following chapters. The second chapter Fewes on the computer arithmetic aspect, which cde possible wutmer psestone for DSP PGA agorithn owe as iplemeotation of ase {ula locke, sch deny, oie, o era prdl computations [Lhe he chaptes ne dns wo rey ef om pte aint cone ‘Gots oe FPGA diated srthnesc (DA) aud the CORDIC alot. (Chopard wth theory ad plementation of FRC an TM er, Weil eviow howto determin ler iets and dies posible asp tneatlons oped fr so spend, Cpl covers many concepts med ila igi sgl procosing systems, eh as docinaton, interpol ‘ny at lor taa At he ud of Chapter we deus the warns os ‘ites foc implementing wave procsore ith toch ter banks ‘Chapier6implementaton othe moet nportan DET and FFT algoithns ‘S'tnowed: Phew include Rader, chirps, and Goertel DPT algriths {Sevan Covey Tory, GonThowan, and Wiaograd PFT alot hopes? we tous tor pei alginic sem have reat plete! for inpsoned FPGA implementation when compared wi POSPs, Qe ee ee eee Aoqraply sn eso etetetiony and cuaneaten apenas ‘The apeaix inden nn oer ofthe VHDL na Vesg lng, he ASeolamts Ti nk nna an PGA smn dn (Grp bot ar cory dan Master Tae pecertt bew prc pelea ee eet eee ceed che ck Deer, CyB Chir 2. Cony Cr E Baal Dag ABempi6 Dek, Daca Beg a ‘Woeskion A Laine 1 us, Mana, ery, J Mich, FOB 8, Ore 1 Pony Ranier See Seid Seeder, DSF Simone 4 Scan Son Fon Ba eae, el Wi mio an irene i pltening ny FPGA des sees Spel nab Dy Ate Be ert ro I wr gan i Fr acc, Sa, B. Sy A Sehnert. Si, O- Sem, Tana, Tt, Uh RM We i Wa et Fa 4, Hari De Hr Tago or the Calvert of Feige at Gaienric, and Pa Die Si | yom find ay eet have ay gation ano this bok, please oact maa Ove toyer-Beaseee, oro Uevige ay pls ‘Talabasn, May 2001 on Meyer-BaxeContents 1, Antroduetion sss 11 Overview of Dig Signal Prowsing (DSP) 00-1... 12 FPGA Tichodbgy 14.1 Cheifenton by Gamay. 122, ChaaBeaton by ecology 123 Beochmart fr FPL 12 DSP Technology Roques. 134 FPGA and Progranmable Sal Procesors 14 Desig tnplementation| Lad FPGA Stratus TER. The Aller EPPIOSS0RC20-4. 143. Case Study: Poquony Syntheses Baewien 2. Computer Arithmetic 21 Intradeton « ~_ 22 Number Reresestatoa 221. Fisel Pot Nem 223 Unconventional Pisd-Polat Nusbets 5/0000. 223 Flatiog-Point Numbers 23. inry Adder 251 Piped Aer 232 Module Adder + 24 Bincy Maitiniers 241" Malpiee Biocs 25 Mukiply Accumulator (MAC) and Sum of Proved (SOP) 251 Datcbated Acthiti Pundametal es.sess 252. Signed DA Systems. 26 Computation of Special Fuscioos Using CORDIC =. 261" CORDIC Arciteries ences " ¥ ERBESSESES: i 2 » = « a a @ & ” %3. Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Digital Filters .-.0..c0000. 1 S41 Mubistge Docimator Design Using Goodman- Carey AI" Dig Filters ce ifn! Firs ma 22. FIR Theory. Sect ereT 55, Froqueney Sampling Ft w Bandpass Dosesion 15 21. BIR ier wid Trasspowad Structure 8 58 Fiter Banks is 222 Symmetry in FIR Pte St 561. Unfoca DPT Filter Bask 9 323 LincarPase FIR Flere os 362 ‘Two-Chaunel Filer Banks 3 83. Desguig FIR Fibers. ca 5 Wavelets a wr S51, Diet Window Batign Mlb Cae STL The Discres Warde Tamsornaton 20 ‘38.2 pple Design Met 2 erie : aS 34 Contant Coticeat PIR Design a Sat Dice FIR Design ny 6. Poutlee Transforms Ey 3:62 BIR Pike wi Teasposed Stretine 06 ‘The et or uo in a0 S43 pun ites Vaux Dotted Achmed i {11 FiarcrTnasorn Appr Using the DPT © 20 er a 18 {12 Propet ofthe DFT a2 613 The Gortael Algona a5 4 us GLA ‘The Bltla Chrys Taaaors a6 AL MR my esse : us GL ‘The Rader Algithn 23 42 TUR Coctient Compote re GL The Winograd DET Algerie ms 442.1 Sumy of Important IR Dosen Ateibts 13 462. The Fat Fourie rasform (FFT) Algritins ccc 227 43. IR Fite Inplenentation m E21. The Cooly-Tuhey ERT Algoitin Za 431 Fike Wordlongt Ete 133 E22 The Good Thomas FFT Algorithme 2 432 Optinizaion of the Fier Gain Pace 000) 00000 129 629 The Winograd FET Alpe m1 4a Pat I Fiter 10 $24 Compatnon of DPT and PPT Algoiis Ei 441 Tie Domain tering eee (2, Fouts Related Transform 2 442 Clune and Sentoed Lack Abend Pipelining 0.183, G31 Comptng the DCT Using the DPT os 442 Derimator Dasipn sooo 2 138 (632 Put Diet DCT Implementation -.cscicccoeoeeses 29 444 Parad Pooemsing 135 Brerdate se ES 45 UR Design Using RNS vee ae et 7. Advanced Topies ast FIR de Tian (WE) 2 Maltirate Sigaal Procesing ua ‘altsnetie Modal 21 te 250 51" Dedmation and lterpoation 1 TAB Ee Conan Ung Wis 21 SL Not enti 1 TAS. Rise Coneaton Usog NPT 2 12 Sampling Rate Converon by Rational Fett. coco: ME TAA Molidimensioea Inder Mapes the Agarwal Bares 2. Papa Decmpoiion Mr Net 25, S221" Reousiwe I Desiator 131 ‘1455 Compiting the DFT Matte with NTs aT 522 Faat-Roming FIR Fier i} TA dex Maps fr NPT a0 63 Hoqenanee CIC Fitece i 1s TAT. Using Rectang Trarsfrne Co Compate ile DET. 273 531 Sine Stage CIC Cae Say 1s, 12. Error Cone and Ceyplogapliy a m3 532 Malthtage CIC Fler Tey i 221. Basie Concepts om Coding Thasry Ey 533 Amplitude and Aaing Distortion 122 Block Coder Bt E84. Hogeensee Pacing Toes 123, Cooolatina Coa as Sha. CIC RNS Degn 124 Cryptography Algetina foe FPGAS 290 54 Multistage Desimator 73 Modulation and Denodslaton m0 71 Base Madslaion Conopi nD.XIV Contents 122 Incseret Deodation 73. Cobwrent Doula eee . References A. Verilog Source Co 1B, VHDL and Verilog Coding. BA Lia of Resp « 2 Library of Peace Mods (LPM) Bh Paracel Plipflop Mesafuncton (pm) B22 The Paramelesind. Ade) Sabtractor Megalunction (ipa) 123. The Parametoried Malis Megasencon (lpm nal) 2A The Parameterind KOM Megafnction (pa zo G. Glowsary reves D, CD-ROM File: “tresdme-pe” Index aa Introduction "This ehaptr givn an overview of the agit: ad erly we wll ‘nent ook, arta ith an ntvodectin to digital sna prong ‘we wl then dncon FPGA technology in pte, Fal he Alera EPPIOKS aad a larger doen expe including chip sate, aig 1.1 Overview of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) gal rnc nr el knoe ord nego dea ‘cine for long tte, One of the moat fogsentappations bona "he tering of sg wel bo dicen Chapters nl Digit ‘ipl processing be Fxnd sy spiotons egg fom data cm ‘tion. spre, andn or heed ngalpoeosing, to nseunetaton ad Sonia GAA bl epee opps wipe BSD Neclegy ied eee eee rete eer roped tall analog igual preening ses in mat applets DSP apt ei nvealAdatnge, nich nsaity 0 change in tenperntreaglag or compact tolerance. Hire aso chip sgn ile taal Go dae but new, wi Che ots tered with ders ero design, dg gp canften be nth ener grated Uh ‘ag design This compact ow poms ad ow rt dial So Try erat have aceerted DSP develope. One the lone iy Caley nad Tacky (066) of an fick ngoic Wo emote the dete wie Tira (DFT, Phi clam aia le red del eater Te eee rate ere oe a rece ‘Seta sual gromtor (ODSP) tn the lake 1070. The could expe 9 (sepa) “lund-ceuccha” ely te dock ey wih was tie ae tt ri rae rel Fret ch tins pint tps borers tenor bak, scovanetia ile to A/D ol D/A onsets. EDN publishes eves Seas 6 Ueadel orien of wre POSDs I Fg, 10 them a peal {plication aed to plement an aloe sytem by mee of @ PDSP. We(Ga rps “ok in 6), wens ea lhe ebay arg ymin art trlspcitm Geka, winiar LAR rai Insinamentation stems aaa, soe ‘ri erin Secon 121 and Chapte 2 (p62) to PDSPs ator we ave nat FPGA areitestre 1.2 FPGA Technology ‘VESI sess came lod ay abn Fig. 1.2 FPGAn are a member tf le of vin allel eb. progrmsme le (FPL). FPL ee die ‘sprog devices cotaning repented Se of mal le Loe aod Cleat. Ica bo ape ht FPGA I an ASIC tel FPGAs a opocation-pcrite I Tes however, generally soso thot the Aes of elie ASIC rogue sional neienadator proce tm tego thew pied fran FPL. The ado stapes provide ther eeder ASICs wth the perornaner adage, bt lo wil ih moeoceeit ‘es (NTU ont, Gat rayon the ther nad, pial ena of sens NAND gites” whine funtion ae customer poe wie st ‘The wire Ue wed dorog fhe irene ate TRL let ‘lon of Ue cal pel ee Tengu a gropeencie gle erey ‘sition, however: har Fa aol eve tr etual dvign hale aion {Flot tr md (nd delay) for ny ly TC taint fy 121 0h feation by Granlarty oie Mack is cna the galery aa device whi is ar, eatee Sp cpr Te cure ee wate bc lt Woe eosing ‘amma tpn tee diferent grant esc San 1 Fie pany (PiRinten i ent pal ears) Mein grey (FPGA) 1 Tange nny (CPLD) ine gaia devin ye int Homes y Ploy ad ater hy Motorl, bing ‘lly Pkg Senco The bake kp i ested. of & ‘Gide NAND yt ads ith oc Fig 13) Became te pone to raine ‘nian og nein ig NAND gate ace Bec 1-2). BAND Fates ave called wera fancios, Tie ebnigue iti inal gary ‘iz lg with ppl ge shes oo, cha ESPRESSO, Wing Se eee Ant gree eee aie eee ieee layers Foe propre ec es been ate aca Ihe rong nsourex ama ace very hig copa wih the hopleented Tog fant Ta ado, a high nerf NAND gates ded to il 2 Hope DSP leet Aft ak er, example nes bon 190 RAND fates Tbs tues fangralay ecole wane pene, * Calle cig bk (CLD) Xin go (4 0 gee iUeh by Aersetts Pg ig. 1.2, Cheictnn of VSI ci (©1988 VBI Pras th ‘Medan Grassy Devices ‘The ment conson FPGA aschitetare xs in Fa 1A) sonerete zap of eomtenporary nei pain FPGA dese x owen Fg 1 "The chamcntary ie bck are tpeally sll aes (eg Xie XC2e Ae wth 4 to Gh inpat tan {or ZU ont) or 68 eealvd th esate utipeser(MIPX} lg nih a tha ae Atel ACT eos 9, Homing case! ees range en sor to lng A proacimable/O oc th Bip Hop setae to Yh pha ounary of the Sovie, Large-Grannlarity Devices agge gaclarity dies, sich a copes programma loge deviom (CPLD), or charactors a Fig. Lb). They are ein By combining "alll ple protege deve (SPDs) Hh Uh hse GALLOVE ‘hows in ig.6 This SPLD coats of «programing aay (PLA) inplemrotd 9s AND/OR array nnd tinier 1/0 ge Meck. The SPLDb inl in CPLDs tpl Ine 8 0 10 kp 2 oats ae Oo U ig. 1.9. Phary HRAGOIOG ait 1K NAND le on) ‘styl sk () Roting acer (01080 Pw. support around 20 prot teri: Beno these SPLD blacks wide cs (Gate prgzniat intrest aeraye (PTA) oy Ara) with shoe de lags ate arable By coming the bs andthe fed SPLD tia ‘pombe te prove pracable and sort pated wth CPLDs 1.22 Clawifieation by Teehwology PPL ave aval in vs ll sry teehee SRA, PION EPROM, and saitse 10: Thespete tocbology dics wheter the de ‘ce rrsrnmelc or e-as prevalent SRAM levine bo rogaine oy nga in tha em he wig eerent ho ineesesprogenning tine (typical i thems ange). SRAM devs tate thug for FPGAn ate Insel sate CMOS meory Yechnaogy de read ten progrannbl They tele. how. ‘eran external hat” device fo oni, Hetrelyprogmsinabe ‘suas memory (EPROM deo are way wed a os ne CMOS (eenealle vk boca of le cel rm lee Rel er es CMOS etal srs pean wenory (E*PROM) en heer inate progtntah EPROM and EAPROM base he Seeee oe ey eel ts Peer ‘ot “donload to the device bette pected gan nutri ‘ne A ret innomtn, bael an BPROM Yshooky lle a[iene 0 (lone) © ig 14 0) FGA ad (8) CPLD ance (0198 VDI Pm swemory, Thee devi ace ally yiewed 9 “page” sje rp finest with phy er sel alt to a EPROM. ‘Tver Vial, the pt vantages aud saat oiler de ‘ee ted ace erie i Tae 12 1.2.8 Benchmark for FPLa sce often preted on he expeence adil of the done. long. ae eee ere i eaten Pema ‘ictone Pisrimsee Cooperative (PREP) mas foe by Xe (1) AL fern 12, and Act! 1, and has ce expel to soe inn 1 ees PREP is doveoped ie difrat Ineaacks for FPLs that a sie ‘odin Table 3, Ths neal adetning the beneath ach i sumtin [fea case’! a Pig 1.5. aap «medi gain die (1008 Xi) es thik om vil dirs zo Bak Mes Rebs al key a alee WARDENS dynein Oo IW hd oe Or i eet ears munis Xie MANGE MACH ACT. XCM ‘en line Ale Grrr fer Gre wa iebogee 4 » : Pig 1.0: The GALIGVS (Fin ho of ig aero, (0) The Oty Logie staal (OLME) {QO Lat) sx many tines a posible in bape dove, wile attempting to ms ina apes The ont of finan of Ue se lg Merk tin ter elle the petition ra cd he a fr all Bona. ‘ie DSP comporbaan echinacea ix of Table 1. ae reemnt In Fig 1, repetition ones are roportd over Feeney for pen Acta (ha) Altra (ou) a Xilinx (2) devs, ec be coed that modern [FPGA fan rode the best DSP cpty a asia pen. Ta ts atabated tothe Fact that moder doves prove fast eat ne (ce Sects Lp 1) we dds (on than ape at) hat allow fat der In lage bi width without the aed fr expensive “ny Tela” do Tine Alagh PREP benclnmrks ar neta to compare eae ete ‘cunts danas pos fora oomerte appctons dona ates ‘re lager. They ine: + On stip RAM or ROM eae trl tte te {UPgrtiabe lew caer tllags of 120) “ble 1.8. The PREP te Diesels Se oo Een ir cum bie nm —Dersecener ATES abe ney dwn nat soggy Fi. 18 summaries the per dimiption of ome typical PP. dees 1 ca be me that CPLDs (Aters) tally have higher Standby” power ‘omnion. Br higher reatency spoons, FPGAs (Xie aud Ace) ‘an teens toe bie pomer dpi, A etl power alse rape ee fd eet. 112 p20 1.3 DSP Technology Requirements: ‘The PLD markt sare by nn pert in Fig 19. PLD, since ‘ce inrdcton ier iho, have soy steady growth of 20% per nat, et petoeig ASIC growths by moe than 10%, The resin we Udi to the It that EPL ea fo yf the hastage of ASIC ch a ‘Retin tes ely 1 Mighe throng {Bete ecrty nein thor opie oer dition Rance device ned aretiy cook Raed boat tot cos rithout many ofthe dadntage of ASICé eh aePig, 1.7. Beyer FPL (O16 VDI Pie, 1 A rion in dovebpmnt ne eid proolying| by eae of 1 le-cnei eprozamaity {Comer RE cots etn oe eum deg Fr wt equ CCBIC ASIC ate wc it high nie vluneapiations (moe shan 1,010 pes) Comal to FPL, CIC ASICs typi ter ot ten Seed ata tose esa evra eee Iris the calle! hr win FPGA, whee gat roe open "tie FPGA di 1.8. FPGA and Programmable Signal Processors General pene programa dtl signal procinars(PDSP 4.1.6 lage eyed teenies acc fo the lt two dads: Th ace bad sa lst set enter RISC) paradise ‘ont of a st ome fa arty nar og 116 to 202088 Fendt or 2 Noting point) ith eee oes re Inter. The PDSP ssc emis en he ht nn gel alg are mails an accunlate (MAC) nei, Dy Tite ie eceecnne, PSPs can acines MAC rei tnd cay by ‘ho spoof th ry eligi, It ea be arse ttt FPGA en a bo patent MAC cll 1) but inten wl nt fen pve PDSP= jug the PDSP met ib died MAC ate, On their sew ye ig. 8. Powe Apt fr FP (1005 VDE Pe) ‘ate find aay Mgnt inal: processing applications sch a wr (Gt rite or stelle tesoatiakin, aod FPGA tocol cn ode ‘ore bth tg mie MAC vl ot one chip Indio tere Astor algo teh ax CORDIC, NTT er ereccorectia ngeiinn, Irth rl be apcuwod ner, where FPL Usalogy toa been eine tbe {howe cicear than PDSP. fi asm [17H i dr fore PSPs trl nina splot ree eompiated leis Gx sever {rethancetee constructs), while FPGAS il dost one font el sor) aplieationn lke FUE ee, CORDIC slg ot FFTs, whidh wl ete cs oh 1.4 Design Implementation ‘The Levee of tall cnn we in VISE degas rye om gre: fhe hyn of ill ett ASICs to system dann wang mca ot Lop fons, Tbe 1 gre surrey gonna ei evel ative a ent fron RPGA sag oferts teh physi sractane epg Tat fc. The tation of devo typealyackiowed t He sale level mg eter rer dig ngs: Titra relents femlined with the rpilySoreesing complet of FPGA ae foe a {eed st nn the mcf atertual Proper” (Ij mcrae br ga corel” Macro cal provide the designer wih cleo aas ig 1.9, Rev fhe tape woo inthe PLD/FPGA/CPLD waht “Tbe 4. VLSI den ee Dhist ‘Obie ape Sap Ration wp, RAM HOME VAR poll port fap oe Ties, LA COUN OX Bi malaria ‘AND, OW NOW FP Great Dita tie ‘Teete GS inom Nia Comrie Sp lined fnetony nck nesoproenoor UATTS The designer eco tenk only ty ei acre ature od atsbats (hey accuracy) and 9 gather wl goer eae depo nde sai fo the “hk it i FPGA esata, theta powerfl deg os to + Shasta the dasign ee 1 Prove gd atiaton ofthe device {Pam utharer ptm, chrme etwer opinion spood ree seo the design CAR toa tammy, mt sli te PPGA cig fom, potent In Fg. 110-Togoera the doom whether to mack mith 8 papal ora ‘Raphiel prowatlton fs DSP wold ct erento hl sat ntti asoiated wth many DSP alt. Te tea eyitonment Hoeven pees wih sear alain control dig ad lowe ier range of desig ate a don ‘comple. Speiialy or Altea’» MasPhall ‘otic special attabate aud oe pwc bear enn be gned nh Beample 1.1: Compatison of VHDL Design Styles ‘Th fering den nmr teen dng teen « VEDI ‘thet, Speialy he trai xene a le gn) Computation eta grape 1 Sepent dgn ing ances tla (hr oe)"he VID dng le eaampe, fos (mma at with ace sige es efile oe ‘ir nova cle be tne. atty sary exmpue 15 rertace ‘GET CUTE = ZHTEORR =); ancerectas ter oF exanp 38 TOL get op SYLABCIEEETORGHDIOG! DOWD OD st: Tenn > pent dae bNos ‘cms tie Gren an vor war (aaten® opt sages a ps mocess > tnbavierel style Mr » sero Fanci (omy) sition of the design (or the MaxPlall compe wo se the option Proceseing Panel onal SXF Astroctos) we cin proven and afac wih the design inplemestaion feptedin Fg. 110. Todo tis with che MP Proceaasng-‘Pining SUP Extractor, ad we wil then notice that the a ee eee eect Pstter, sd Ting SUP rtractor. After slartig the ote we ra the et sti iting, check for gees, or tame th Registered Performance of the dig to wate fst aw options Aer ee cree lee eee ee ent ‘erty one) ie aealite, we peoced with progr the devs sed Ely pe ke esl (tag Me ml oe” lid Fig 10, 1.41 FPGA Structure (ete eee eee oe Neer eee to ve the moa alee ete or pati DSP ari de to ‘We fr Unt ewe Sales peri fs ety lee, whl lls ingle ‘of 921 romped) adler ak spending Ey 1,1) 10K teow ve Aer’ K dees wth tone! 2K AM orks ‘alla ede arty Mocks (EAB). The Xi devo hats he wide anes ‘frog evel typi in FPGA, while the Alter deve were bal onthe {Selcte ith le buwce mua All's CPLDs Ba the ae Hock ofthe FLEX 10K are uo lng large PLA® a CPD. lnc the dein ell rasayana nk aon (LTS, ke pea foe FPGAS "The bce Lge cements ofthe Xin XCAONO Fnac elle smi: sale le bela (CLB} and have ts wpaens Papal Lutput LUTE {ast ory one ional nt Tcotpat GUT onbie the te aaa LEUTs an tm plop, sown in Fg. 11. The ii device ne Se tev of ting, ening Ets CLE Ls CL Eee sang he coe ‘ip Hach CB ea bet a 16:2. 32. RAM or ROM. Tan 13 ‘ows some memes of te Xiine KGAA fay‘rie 1.5, The ie X00 fay: * Gn te man ye xeurs wma xems le be ta Ie xen ty a) as lao xem St is Kenan set ie ig. 111 XCH gol (0198 Xi. ‘he he Mack fr Alera FLEX 10K devin aloes a maim ran iy ang sll LUT, The TOK deve Alem SK devi with dad {Rit RAM Ulack, calle nbd ray books (BAB). The hase ge Inca in Alot FLEX 10K devo cael lig sleent (ME and consists Fy fipflop a Lingat lontpat LUT, or Spat romp and fst carey, Tage or AND/OM produc es exes omni Fig. 1.12. Eile LCs se eombinel a age ray Uck (LAT)- Rach som oon eed ray bind (BAllytes ORD RAM or HIM) wie cao emfqued a hoe 8,2 =, 024 2 oe SHG <1 memory devin, Toe BABe and TABo ae vomere hrm ie igh-sperl usw wits 100 o 310 Bo pes ‘alin te smn in Fi 18, Tale 1.6 shown sone semees of the Altera LIX 0H fen Ife eunpore tbe tm senting orale rm Alor and Xi we fd that Prk apres be vale: he ie sprench with ote focal and “Seats ca ig (sin eng pt le” So orag titpnnene 8 ioe cote pcioass ig. 1.12, PLEX big el (@10 Alor) lee al routing once syngatetv DSP se tease ant tad ‘inal proce Sgt proven the data ally The Alen apron Se ee a eect eee {cel ours opera, at meray we da tos ith 16 {0 8 smut be mow othe next SP ck. oe, vo Bee ie 2 Erruuks) Mo Sista Erriogiao ne ine ath EDriDkasn gion ee 0aB Tle — ee bbbba sade ee 1.4.2 The Alters RPFIOK20RC240<4 “The Alera EPEOK2000C2404 devi, which pat of the deo ae peo Vie rough Ars’ University Progra x te tnoughout ths book ‘The device sosenclare Interpol afl Tet | [> 4 ae device tit te atslce gis coat Specite denen cxumple wil, wheres pile art Alters device swing Ata subplal sae. The ealoed NexP Lue sftrare x a fly ‘Reaguted stn with VEDI sal Vso syria, od ‘tenn gests Dra expen te avaie in VEIL and Vero, ty otter sitio’ may ase be ta Foran, the devi independ Synopays Por Model coer hax scsi ees et eons {he eames wing thenytlotee rode or Ip neon onthe CD-ROM proved by EDIF Loge Resources ‘The EPF10K20 a saerner of Arn 10K fant and has gate emplesily ‘ule oan 2,00 two apt NAND gales, The mses aor {all adders while be mpketed uy hamever, be wc eal ese fr DSP appcations. Frm Table 18, cae mem ha the EPPIOR20 eves ha 1152 base loge ements). Thin inal the mama ae tea leer lene lee a eee COT Jn she “rete” moe athe LUT thao tery ts how in Fig, L.12. Behe Le ace lap nla io lg arn Wk (LAB) The suber of LAD thorns 115/844. Tho 144 LAB re eee aa ree ee ie ae ata ‘hemory Uk called snbeed reay Wick oe EAB) a the eater ‘chro, Phe EPFIOKN ho therfore sx BAL toll of 13KKi Teg! an gemeld et aeis oartas Routing Resourees TA UAE 2p et orice eels eee re Thins Thee es nccehler lA coat cee (es eel ‘ok rghters) nd two bal eary aad ence terns, To cone he TEAM, the BPFIOR2D une ft we om ae sin mes alled =P "deh testcase py ond Eee wel wth cl pes alan. or ironed road Alten ha ved the rw stern Into ft (a total 096 cannes) adalat cand (2 18 — 96 ‘nao. The halen cand al towued the aide ofthe esi ‘whee the EAD ar lead. BAB ex neces bth hala camel iis ao lteetng to al ik he Lng corey csi ip llores, to tat en ech ond EAB occa Uh ante cary cha ome Fe 110 Ben ‘Timing Fstimator hore ue 1 software cleats vrai tnt n theBetay atria Ragirtered Performance, an! Setup/Rotd Watese, Far fl de Pepi fle parsaters rf o Mer we ae [19, To ache ‘pln permanent hated how tbe nace pi ‘ily tpt the desig Hee, thereto peace oh Example 12: Speed of an 10-it Adder ‘ein peed. The alder une nt to LAB alg the Eee tanh ih ye nt a he ae Nees thf etry eg great ewe hyhe fat LAT. The nl Un aon ieee sn The eo Ihe two LABS wed ean not be placed inthe sane ow then the sane slcen Udy fmecinne = 4A nn (ahead face). The ost ‘ac ove the ino EAs awal ate pedo leet rown, The wore ‘ar ilay Dette ne = HL a Tt heer very portant to eek {ho Hooper sad le fr pm aproneent "by Heng the oorpos as dvb in he ers "Gating Started” manna ge 251-240 2 oro tage: pa othe CD-ROM, Power Disipation “The per consumption of a2 FPGA canbe wf dese coca ‘esa fo bile applictone. Using 43 o 2.5 cas devs bro {none fa tic ca. ‘Bresinate the per diiaton ofthe Aller device EPELOKBOC240 4, hui sores rat be conse. nately 1) Standby pomordapaion ity = 0.508 )i/Oiers teas 3} Acie power dpton “The fist me are not dg dependent, at she the say power in CMOS. {ecimdgypncrly sal he acti eeen depends nly om the dock Fequeny aod the nae of xn te Alera pone te lowing em Fal ala osntinute He active rent None 3a-08 here fe he nnn petting Regency i ME, i he toa Ueber ogee en the dees ad the verge percent he ‘rl ogling a sk ck (ypieally 2%), fo insta, dei oe ll {Bs oe HFnan20nCD40"Cand the sinner 25 SEH hen ‘he eet wil be tated 9538 mA Ins = 0 fone te oer EP a anplr and elt pola the next capes 1.4.8 Caco Stndy: Frequency Synthesaer "To design ajo inthe Fllwing case stad to plent x sea feequencysyalesiner bse othe Pin PMI wed (eea 19D, xr Fig 1a). The eyed comdita of & S-i senaibter, wi the cht rt sia tite (MSDs) wited Uw SIN-ROM lk ae (UIT te produce the deed utp atta, A. graphic! solution, wg, Alert Maae1ubL1 software son in ig 15, ad ean be found nthe OD-ROM ‘book hil/fen-geaf gH. Th fling VAT. tent He fmplemeat he ‘ise wing “oompenet taste,” cosing of 1) Compilation ofthe design 2) Dass ales ce pon 3) Stoulton of the dig and 4) A petra cali Design Compilation dick and compile the fey alact the MPa Software an set Lo rope tl fum_text- hd. Notos it the op aud a abe ae The VHD, design rns as alls:Pig, 1.16, Cape gn of nny ayn 150 bit rmetion generator using accumulator ond ROM (penic (wit > TRTESER s= 32); ~~ pit width oar Cm 4510. L0GT0.¥RCTOR(WIUTE-2 DOT 0, in, ace «GUE $19.Uieie-¥acTaR(7 Doma 0 ae Sn sroaacte): Stow, 2, aces? + s1o.Locte_VEoroR(UIDTH-1 o0MTO 0); SUGnML mabe, SYDLLAGICVECTORCT DOmITO 0); Pees sas 0 asst ema ar tno > stn LPIcPImeLine => 0) eer CEMERIO MAP ( LeMLsnUTH => ¥IOTH) oxr MiP (asta => 2) an acco, dns an, selectt: PROCESS (oo<82) veore : aebe(d) <= accS20Q4-7H0)5 ents 2pa.zon CGmERIC MPC LP IOTE PORT "AP ( address => ma oar 0 fan gan “Tho objet LIBRARY, fund cal in the code, cotsinn predefined moda ‘ant atiiny, The EATIEY Mock spel 1/0 ports af the devin racic traon Us compan tannin Mk re Ibe {HM, regh, ront)arecalle He subroutines, The aelect” PROCESS eo Stott edo se hight SB ode the ROM. Tost be prot forthe cattle, see File —> Project —> Set Project to Current Fite. To opie the desig for sped, chown then Aegn» Global Sroject Logic Syethesis option dptinize 10 (Sper). sad st Global Project Syornesie style ly FAST. Si the devier type to FLEXIOK2) Uyaeting i the en Aaatgn-> Borie fr Device Faniy, thr eatin FLERIOR. For Bericew me slo BPPUONZONG240-4. Nessa the ay fae chester with ov hy edecing Pile —> Project —+ fave 8 Checks The ccper sera for le aan ere apart the ein Sastiech Ae the elas eat n terol cape ontorte by eemng te START bun the Tile Project ~ Sere # comple all ted the desig aly etac deeof he a Sear ie smmaaeeal he pro er of LCs dry cbs rd he report nd the pin-out ofthe device el he seat of the gi yah (ce, the be equation) ‘heck te merny tuition Fk sine, coining the in tbl a ‘ice bine fo Thi le max gored sng the pra ene 04 ‘ideo hr CD-ROM ander book st Slt NozPaue4T > Ploorplan titer to vow the physi aplnentato, Ue the rea eal” hatton 1 pe ie seen shown dn Fig LIT. Rotios at the accumultor we 3/3 BSSSSSSsssseesss5) 5 lel sey B & FEE \_ Sse ies Sei ! | AL i Sige yar Soca Scere Inpro rout oe epee Set 12, p10. pores ee ‘Se that the top std et es ae cane Set tbe fm th non File Ea Tine to lyn the fun. testsact wit, ck othe Le ayaa ar it res I) hs Clock Parfod Yo 25 mth Uverorite Clock window. Set M ~ T1928 (M ~ 2/60 that tho pe Soltero ek era yee Saxviuatxssimlater ad pron the stare baton, The sation ‘era tt similar Fig 18, Neier ha the ROM has be oe eee ere eee ees peso of § even oven, (AI 29/8) ad ropnt the ssn Feeformanes Anais aRts a peforcac¥ any aor He HaxP Landing nalpser, Set Analy (abs naaba: fics eon) Thawte) (6) Sie tat te telat NANDRegistered Performance oa [avon al Exercises Using MoxPlusll 1.2 (oC th maa ig te a {By Sone (Ch Compe te seeped ing th Yooper hs 1 (0) Gs rar ec. a spine hse hy Ga Stearate overt acai a ith thee ng [Baan ba} 1.5: (a) Coie he le fan tnt. wi th yt ne (Ang oda Jo Loge eytans) Fae a com reclng inine 1.0% (a) Open he lente aod sn he sma. oh nt with data2. Computer Arithmetic 211 Introduction, Teepe are ton eee een aa ‘auc tamale rprvetation ed the plantation of aca patos (Bl, 22 98, 24, 35, We wil Es ince ple names seperation {eA pin or Hoting- pi) the hae opeatons i aera ple, and Soll en npementaton of more diel peratins rach ‘spacers ed the empataion of tgeaometre Seto tae he ‘CONDIC seo TFPGAC allow «wie vey f copter ate pene aon f the deed dgtal signal peo gril, bese of he pial bi ‘thee re eee rea ae agra ltl procowaes(PDSPa), wth the eed lly accumaatr ore {Cael evo of thet with i FPGA doen ca rtf ulna [NuMBER sysTEMs| Fixed point {emer qT estan oo2.2 Number Representation Desiing whether sed: o eating pint ia more appropiate rhe roe sat he ly, preferably at an early phos the projec. a eesera itcan be asuma hat fed pdt implementations have higher speed Dower cot, ile Heating pnt I higher nae rng ad wo need fo sealing. wich aay be strate for tore conapeated igs: Fig. 2 i seve of conventional and lw conventional Eels Hoang int eprsentutons, Both astems are ceed y ater standard but may. if dsb pleat e pity 2.24 Fixed-Point Numbers Wi wll ist review the fio point numer sats shonin Fg, 2. and Table Unsigned Integer at X be an N-Ait masigel binary saber, Then the range [028 here thew nay ig (a € OI). Mh lg called "he eae sigicae Di (LSB) an hae wltive ih of wy. The et nt sige ie (ES) sa ha tr weigh of 29 4 Maguitde (S01) 1 sige mopaitude ystems the mgt and the sgn ee represent pathy. The fst bi epee the ng athe rem bts he oogtde at apes =| "The range of this reproentaton i [21.29]. The advatage of the sige ay rpesentation bs ane preven af ener It {he damage that tins nthe spt epening sn whith ered ‘Two's Complenient (20) ‘An it we'scomplementrepewnttion of slgned ater, ne the ange aN} 20 ih agen br Sn Pa iB en ‘The two's complement (2C) atm i by far th tne popu sgn ‘wonbering sean in DSP oe todas: Thal becuse is pe tre ‘veal simone adsl the final wn Hee Nb sage ren hate. For isa al tr a) as OU ve tn > 100g ‘he oto canbe ign All copa are nod 2.1 tls ha iti pmlc to lave treat vas that canbe coe et ‘et but if tho ial values Uh the reli one Fr ean if we al the 3. nha? 23, we wml nv an intermeteea 16-010 = 104-55 tn bt these 100-UNT 100s 1 = Wlse Tos compliment numbers oa abo be we plement ude 2 suithicic without ey change nthe atte This what we wl ea Chaplee 5 to den Ce fhe, One's Complement (16) ‘Au N-bit one eplenent ys (10) cn epee! nen ne he rng EAE Ou cee ee les et ag ‘umber ine these rpesetation expla the a bit Thee fact toda retention of tro (we Tale 22) The treatin ‘fn aubees a 16 aptamer Sitar x20 Ba ee ow 16 mpeesentaton oh bars 3 3s shawn ‘athe tint lan of Tale 2 rom the following snp exampleBina ae EES tn 1 0 Obie cay S4he swe sees Uha ce'é complement x “omy ? adion ie le A carey acer a te MSS man dd to tho US ot he “The mata an homer fly ed petet mde 2” — ‘pit aati tee ada, de cee Regt ‘aloe in nplneating lected DSP sgh esr Moree tennis rth neg rng 2® Is ne Chapter 7h Dininnhed one System (D1) A nie once (D1) spt ees. The psve abs ee rmguced wih te 2, iit hy 1 The ge oe Nett Dutra M202 xing The cing ese foe ® DI spo defo ae fallow ROS x0 es) r/ BAS Z ” x0 From adi to D1 sume ho © 100, ieee 1) to, see see that foe Dw complet ad al of the inert at oan he i miners ety he te phat mal 2% sitet rithout any ange he aici.‘ ft wl sed Capen to plement Real NTT he ing 2° $1 2.2. Unconventional Fixed-Point Numbers In the falling me contin the review of numer seem seeding to lg 21 (p.2)Thesnerenthnal fed polt mute strane the illoming arent an fen rd a fr nt he 20 yee, at Ean eld sige inpeorenta for parla pyieatons ox poten Signod Digit Nusubers (SD) ‘The signed gt (SD) spaen fer fom the tradtiousl Uinary estes ‘sented in the pelos sti fn the float tert alae (he Ags hae the rae (01,1), wise 1h witine deel a ‘SD nubs lave proven oe mil in ery fe des ot gis ih las complesiy, bree the rt utp sa he ped ‘timated thoogh the bee of tonseo canes whi en bere tay ing SD abr Statistialy, hl he dg he t's epee ‘ening of er are sero Bras SD cn, the deity of oe eens to hide a the flowing apt tows ‘Example 2: SD coding etic hal mani 4 86 ing iy ma 1) ie ‘ori 3) to = 16 — 33 = 3) tou = ete 4 oa ‘Ts 6D repeeennin, inten 20 ses odalque, Wecall a eats signe digit eptem, or CSD, th opts ee minim mine tone ‘ery elements Tae owing lth on be ted ta prndace a “anal (C50 eae ‘Aigorithan 3.3: ‘Chasical CSD Coding ‘Stating with the ISB sabia aogier il age ty with Wath ae ‘This CSD edge aaa oe Hho © wy pron ccc ere vw Ue CD: ROM. This dattal CSD ede bal kes anata popey ieT ea) a sme OE eet BT toe a Oe nm Sort era Teac ‘ot the reno rpeeeaation hi af least aoe ser tmec bo dig ween ane eee laa Example 28: Classical CSD Code pan ea nen ee pees re Lyme Vea es cee (the other side, Ye clamical CSD coding dove aa laps pod he ‘opti OSH conlingin tren rine olen, boas in Alin 22 une ave a sata by sobtactinm hs thee sold be 20 ‘ek tai. For ntsce Dyce Len, ad ie coing (Seo pede a conan uni the wtecon wl ed a fell de Intra of baladdr for the LSB. The CSD coding yen Inthe flowin SF gue» CSD withthe oun auer of e-er erin, a o ‘ah the din ro ln Algorithms 2.4 ‘Optimal CSD Coding 1) Storing with the LSB ulate ll 1 Lf, Ak ere 1011 il 101 2) String wi the MSD, sate 10 wih OL. sence an wm wth carey fee Adder ‘The SD nunberropeeestaton cs ut tiple chery dr ‘agal ta (26 traced the gebeme post a Table 22: Here we the ein sand ae cy af the (et be ee ow Beample 2.3: Carey-Free Addition Bower, dst the trary lege borden, niplmeating Tle 22 wit FPGAs races tiny operands for th cy ad. Thi ronan ft 20 Chie LOT whe nieenting abe 22. Multiplier Adder Graph (MAG) ‘Wie ese Ul Scion et chin fh aber ‘of wonero lente ag i A The CSD spat tins thn ont Th CSD Thal the bane ft Both nailer 21 disc in Exerc 2p 10). Teh homens artes bo ce ces fob facta he cet Jat ever neta he di nce wn opti CBD sua [27,25 2,90) Fig 2st thin pr the efit 9. Th diet ‘inary and CSD ene te ven by hy ~ DIL ~ MT, with the 20 qin fone aes an the CSD rein thn ers. Th cote 92 ana be suet wt.99-— 3-31 gti eg ae ddr for ech cor {sce Fg 22). Te opty fo the factor wanes ned oh ee ee cea Fie 23, mage by Depts 2) shows all pnb enlgartons fie ofa. Us ths gph ll ots with act ean ‘com eta fe cam apse wit € My seni Ips GT | = wy ig, 2.3, Tesla orth conan at 89.1 Comqen Aatenette 2.2 amber Repeonentation 37 "abla 3.3. Cont © fi, nme) fo alight mr ing the on teers (AG) tea 48,1652, a 1s 196162 Lt 6 1 1, 4 8, 3 see 1 2 ee 199,201,302 34 2h, 207 200,290 eee ees Ait sian arasanane ase abain 27 Pee eee ee ee 2.3 Phen os one pi ash we ea nde rast sh ge ated with pean et (100 TE LLegasttonie Nemtier System (LNS) ce AS ED The gute mala syste LAS) [1 2] aloo othe Heating AEA ieee ten wih a ton a tna ete ENS 0 Cost 8: 1) An aegh ame ea a rer epee a aoa an Whee re the stems and the LNS expen, The LNS frit ‘omit i it forthe sar ad exponent ado expen oie Tintege sand tctbnaliteafpeeton, Ths rma gonial fe eet aber Got 1) A= 262m 2h) Using thin techie, Tae 2.3 stows he pti ning for alight it laughing cnt hte eae Se ee Se | ngs Se |e iFFig, 24. 1NS proconing (a) Valen (b) Rrlatin The ENS he Hoting- psn, cin nonuniform pein. Sal acs of an igh resis wie ge rales of ae ncn esi he Example 2.6: LNS Coding Serr paittota den e2 — ova os thea a be sero ith Hh be LS frat Poa wa the SEUSS pi pal yi 2255 a i eit oer ate sow Aoi eine i ape so i 2a) | ‘The hs atrotion of Be LN on ay to icy ine suc ntpeton vio, square eet, aguarng, Poe expe he frodecl C= AX Biwtere Ay Byard © ase LNS mora ve tt ta Ps) That ia the exponent ofthe LS pede! imply the a hobo apo tenn Divison na igh-ir operatns intial flew. Unfors ‘tin orsubeaton are By ropes fe ence eommpee. Adve sed Fete are ect ie oeate Pose evn Te ‘owed that A> cnataa 29) (2.2 Number Representation 39 Svng for the exponent tone obtain ec = eat $4(4) are. = yen nn $(6) = leg 6 (A) Fo atractin nila ne (4) = gg (@"(a) 8-() N= 2%) cane ua Stab ave eo See el de eee ease eet plan” Ja Vg (TOHIMD), containing tlm cote iy Zh An ely the tr gg —2" ily served Zell TUNG artelic s prbem In the follwing tne (et A 28 B,Cm rc wth $4.5 Se doting the sg it foreach word = Tbe Madly Dire a eli tdla sm Dod see cecftetele=e) aD ie "late laa) BSA Sore rt Sante Moths hav been dewloped to ds the msn tae le fr ‘ook etn y wong partial at i) o sing a nero tah. "oye 3) The agus age bey the sop tbe den preset a [Residue Nuaber System (RNS) ‘The RNS is actly ance algpaie pte woe Rina ot be raced ack 2.00 ears The RNS ian ate rte syste in wich the prin Hive operas of wins, Saeco, al lpia are dei. The ‘all wordlngth candy [1 6) An HNS eye i dd with root tera pve inter sn wt on rasa). where the mx anal Fe ‘tively (lei) pene. The Aye vnige ofthe vesting sytem te stow M TE er signs uber ppleations, the itor vase of [Xi ane fo te emeraaed ta X-© [30/2 A0/).HNS arctic ota within 9g crepe Fi Tan my 2H Ta eam) SesEatla/ivcrmnetgle tae eter {he ese claw The ping of ier X int» RNS. E-ape Bees (eyageen ven) heii yoy =X my for = 12, Deg {tobe te late operations ot lows that 2,39 € Za2= NOY wl en) Ie tnomorpie to 2 (n.3,-- 84) Spal IEE Rm, hag vy a) esi sag es has) BeraY ET CY) OM gC) ‘Asa sl, RNS thetic “prise” deine. The I. lownts of 2 = (TG) aoe Marcel nett geal ea ned (on) etn wh wi und by 4 [oC i (eal btn In orate, mat RRS athe stern se small RAM oF ROM 18 spe ro te ain panniers aad =a 2 ia TEA a 7A Aaa Hoi) AEM ta) e228 Lay 1202) 12 oo9 22 org) [RNS yssms hav: bon ul eaten VLSI devi [6] Ge a1 6 he bee sk ak fo cl peng te ROE vn pre Sigifean pon wp orn he 22 bi ble fornia Xlaz C1000 FEGAG ST Ror hg swith x8 tbl long the Alles PLEX ase ‘octal designing TINS acme ae RNSHoahger converters, With ‘he yop lrg ol, the dein of high proviso hghanee Misra bane one prota RES systems nil sent ‘us ern tvoig 8) Hapleenting MNS toiteger rede, on ‘pit sealing rosie ha data stb conered fom a RNS frat tovan integer The eanionly rfeenced RNS tsmverson th (ols ty cle the Chine Renate There (CEI) ane mera ‘version (MIRC) agri (3, "The MIC acy proroel h t ‘Hape in RNB L-fple dort bun itogen The CRT in ied blow: Somat Saag omy +22 Number Representation A ‘rice he = Mii a tnage, i Aa the tpietine i Piste ey tat = TT, th "RNS computation tt than he tase eee cee ear ane Qa eee ee Pe ee een irapaaee eels Nn othe woe of nde amet [sei went respects (see acl opal i ede drt ed th Fac tae ial the mal are pi, ee Bos fo nf hy at fan (213) hat weet al ents the fl Zeta se dete 2/0) 4,40) andthe exponents in e's pnt of torino, Hh der sth pec to the generator gs int oe domted nda) Beample 2.8 Tndex Coding Spay eet adlesmcniatc astemer tons bea SOIR Ss BUTS Tae eS 1) Map e and nto th des daca, i. a ta eee ere ae £3) Mao the mn Bak othe oil Soni, asm = rep etree ener Se ete en ae ecto Bxample 2.0 Index Multiplication em he angle wg i) WhiAudition in the Index Domain Mon fen DSP siti regi both mliptiaton snd win. dex ‘thie wel sted oso, tt kon mo Soe terial ‘Teshucally when can be perro ry coveting index RNS data back inthe RNS whee sip peo plenent. Oar thes come ted the sel spp hack it the index domain. Another approach Eto fash tain The an of indexed er 0 ad Bis are carer [teat (lea) 20) Ie we dein he ec gai Definition 2:10; Zech Lagavition Foamy eey) PM 149 15) "Th we evo (2.14) the fling a fasts 628+ Zle-f e16) ding oar inthe nde din, therefrom iin, one Snitacting ad «Zerh LUT, The flowing stall cxaple dwar the ip of dog 2 5 the nde dee ample 2.112 Zech Logarithins 1 a ok gains pin ml 1 lg ~ 2s low a wb 1aats67 § oOUU EMD Foi ay eeaiteat asta est) = The eae whee « +6 5 @ neads apc ltnton, eormpoing tothe HX 2V ody > gh ay mot “Tmt the ez if he ede dain, = [p~1)/2 an p=) Avex fll Sees ses ft 2 i ld hd i Comples Multiplication axing QRNS Another intro propety of the RNS ans if we proce complex data. ‘Tir spc sopewcataton calle QRNS alos very cel svlepition, rhe we wi to dee te Se eg ele deeey rn NS cig, resting sate incall the ample RNS or CRS. Complex adn So "he CHAS resent taal ud be prrtne Compe TINS (CTINS) ape decid Prof ax val potion (Nhs re ey eps ene per RNS. called th qundste ENS, or QRNS. The QWNS Ie as on Bown Sete eect oe aan ieee ete Integer." porta hc fod ed te torsion ‘tlipceaitiS aip The sel Fe rll wks Sand 5 ane wl intense there cas ZT in rp eee eae ocrte. Contig» OBNE unter ne the DENS x accord ey tte {12> 2, eine ellos ‘eb = (a8) map (a=) mp) = (4.0) ea) Tn the QUNS, ation and lipase coaponcatine, ad ised oe (aio) (0458) (A4CB%D) ody (eas) (e+ibKe+ 58) (AGED) cd 19) An te tea the hte alee be ante wih bbal? (4-8) mod 2) "Th omen ping tos QHUNS cig hk tothe CNS is defi iy: PH.D) =2-MA4B) sj QHMA=B) al, ea) Conse the Gasan pane p= 15-and the cpl pdt of (+) (24 Mh et $d) ~ Ge HDI 251) (9 42) = (LEFT od 1, (eee eek eee eee prot camp 2.19: QRNS Mulipiestion le epin © (3 bt te $= 8 ad) Wish Gs coe ee (aPaheatymsbetee8 Tele Bite od 9 lima AMG TEAST Sea aaa Coats mene et ANC...) = 9) Putney Pay Peet tie respi ten flows that .4 i t De as ie at [en aes J Feertneh — | A B Pig. 2.8, CRNS & GRAS F.) = 110-48) +5 M08) nod th dT Fig. 25 shows erupivloterpetatin ofthe sopping bween CRN sand QUNS, 2.2.3 Floating-Point Numbers loti apirns were deh to provide ih maton owe a arse “iam tang, loting pine yates ton ct pide soli whe {aed sgiemss wih fir ted prsion and dywane range Fating point syste ower, ning ped ad epleity pel. Mast Tenting pt specie rns with Hh pueblo dhe precson TEE onting pol stand (1-8 sonra ing it word conte of ‘ambit 8, expoent Sua (nena) sors rnin ‘ac arenagpl a low: Mgrs, ting pst mode oprsentd by X= (1) tem oe em The expuncal = Leva ia reed foe 0, and € =O foe ae. The other vtec TERE stg al doi forms axe sen fom Tale 24 Ti fang pet smlipication the mata have toe onli The ‘ical plat manera ve exons ns beaded ating oll {ion in general ones epee, beans he mania at fst be Tate 8 ra Rang aw 8-102 a1 oman ota bth momen a jet the ge exp {he ne atinns can bende Boe bl ulienton and tin eal ‘orate tems to ewe aan the tinal Le rpesetaion forthe atin TE ating frit been FPGA vepatrs nbrvely tothe 23 BY Fat inegee mule, Therefore Shira oa [62] ir deep nmi arnt niger sgn on hie om conapatig tach cao SPLAST2, x saltipe FPGA bond based tm Rix RCAOIG devs (eae 1.5, p10) hy aed as 8-i fn 1B Ut ty can irnapect fro pecans over the SEL wie ten oe fa the mniplePPGA bear, Te Ti rat hax Hit cnt, 7 lik expoment sa sign It and ean epoca range of 37" 109. They innlementl on adder and mlpier with thee piptne tages, The deta Fea shag tng pl vibra aer 42 came wen fs Ta son Gower UB) a - Nae 4o ie 2.8 Binary Adders Asis binary ib ade oabtucor conse of fl des FA). A fl mide eens the low ook 2) XOR yw XOR oy 28) nOnaa (220) at line he na The cry (nt it opt wtene) ABN] AT (a) ole eel PAF [ra F“[ra Fra fee Slt nah sisi) saa = LUT} = (MUL). The contain Intraesate then Br( LUT) for DA and 87HUL) fe Uae PDSP. Inthe ene fsa tw Be he seo the DA desig ean terre be rgoatly Tel than 4 MAC. ‘sue vig fa Chapte 3, eomparna il boner pei he sign eampe 2.52 Signed DA Syat [eho Bing ac hw (2:32 thon Be midi do new’ eunpenntthe MSD iewed to dtingunh betwen porte td gave ambos. For tte, fom ‘Tae 2. (p32) mene ha dvinal 3 soe 10g = C01 = We wo, teen, the lowing (+1) ht representation Combining in with (238), the ot ys deine by 2-2 pelobenla)+ 52-5 flee em) To ackiew the sgn DA ate we theafre have to chicos to modify the nigel DA sytem They ae eee ere 1 Using 2 HOSE with me tonal at Ment fen the eit amt spore emake the adil Input tt nthe table esate wth twice arian words Te flowing ‘xhnple demonstas the procesiog sep or heal ich ei, Example 218: Signed DA Inner Product ns and eet eb cit eo (ee) Scho) Anteae nk tt dala res =F fos ak ig el ho cet i = = = and n2)alll io) fete ane rs Pot ansaccg the Te ant cd ae Stayt alsladtledal 110-2 34 nail eid) J Se A cal hck elsif) = 21494 e47 — 2.5.8 Modified DA Solutions He ieee tet tees eee eet is fe DA comet, whe the fet arian reduces the si, ad the cad Incest so Teke numberof cous NS to lage to inlet th fall wa sh anne LUT ral that inpt DUTT At wih ~ nme of ets), Tek Se etl ale eat nr eo bets hati tne ek cl he ope at tel Pale the sof the desig, Heeause he be a's LUT grows expel frit the aden apes hetero inp eit Sune he Topi tiieee oti So ance) 238) yaa wee een ep eer abc as eps S25 enauen om vole) “This shown a ig 218 or elation of AN DA devin eoiing thee ‘wlan nen, ‘The ie ofthe ae ede fom ae 4 29 TI to four 29 tate Authervarnton ofthe DA achitctveincreane pela the expemne fail LUT eters, adders. A bare DA aecitectare, for texgeh V sanc-pel compton, neces oe tt Irom eh of swore It its per word ae ane, the eopatonal ped ea = octily doubled. The ssn poe ashe need with he fly ipned wordt architetare shown i Fig. 219. Here» ew rl fF ength fone sf prot ted for tit ieee wt Sch LUT eye, or asin je ne lave to provide separate ROM (eth Kenta content fa ech bt tector sl, Bat fhe sna ed fe come expensive: I ee double hp Dit wil ent ‘acy UU des nd egies the mw of eothats sod {oT or eight this modieation gies atractiveproreaace, csatly ‘tpefrng al cnvercaly alle eon sigal peacrsba, ‘oll enn ChapterRegister ROM |[ ROM 2.6 Computation of Special Functions Using CORDIC casing nit ia implemen with FPGAs a he tal) neon, he 0 Ue niga goa Sipelietigeta nese [ore i, me cans he Ta 2.0) ‘he poe i seduced ta seen of lity nid adil operation. recent, alicratne apache o the Corina Rotation Di: {aaa be conidere, The CORDIC E te? (CORDIC) age ’ nputcaions cha poke lesan [55 nsnsrenn DSP ejecta, ur naive er, FPR, DCTs [6 ‘Ermolatoe [57a etal sntmor (9) The ie CONDIC alto ean in to ae papers ny Voller (nad Walt (0, Some cried exten fe ev ne, cha extn of ag the Iypesole andes r the qualia roe ates by Ht 0) ad Moyer Biv oa 6), VIST ipleeattioen ae bm cmd in PDD: ‘ors pwc howe by Trmmeraana (He Habs (2. Sint FPGA i. leans wereld hy Meyer lee [52h reabaton ‘tthe CORDIC alah n dtd etete wan invetigad by Ma ROM || ROM |} ROM || ROM. Fic, 210, Hieron db sci opined proved ly YH in 1092 TEER. Signal Procaning Magan review The orginal CORDIC sgt by Vader 58) camputen a wiper ‘ove ean conversion tect etna (1-9) a pole (8) lle: Wales reali! ae CORDIC alt i ol {ram Hao fn = Od hype: (m= =) tear Rar eh nt rarinaton (Np Ya) ote seh way thatthe ert Bally ow heal Gi © as) by Reralivey convene Vato sero, Fo ote tomer este re) icicle eae ‘neh Ay ln ecu Pet dented 2 rege ‘Te ile Be he oak a er nel wih a mec oly Ace the CORDIC writen a allows:82. Computer Arithmetic Th iegenes Ta ‘Algorih 2.10 CORDIE Algorituin Acorn CORDIC lyin het eon Bus] mae] | Bede [mes | Le Fa Bass = at bby ris the to rotation iene are 2ye > and Ye I "This nv tha ai pcan odes ead they Fe suniedin ‘able 2.10, A eomeguene tha wry all nce font cm he hompotad tthe CORDIC aga: With = proper cee of the atl Salon the fonction X=, Y/X a2} eo 2) tan), sah 2) eZ), Se tonh(2} con divs he opt, AddRoml feline may be gene tn hy eon pope elton omens combine wth tu ‘modes of pesatin a kin i th ng aig ta(Z)msn(2)/oZ)_— Modem = 1,0 aah 2b Zh 2) Modes: n= ‘onlZ)rZ}-toxeh(Z) Modoc legtW}=Biack 7X) Moreen — 1 we WY vay3T= Modis = 1 wen x= Ws hy Wr att analy (2-41) ewe that heiterton wetons nly approach Accures alin Fg 2 20a) The nth the sets cages wil cack “Tne 2.10. Mom moti the CORDIC nit Bn = RVR 262d fren) 8) An oa Moco) Ba Tee RalMweM Sh MeaMz Ze Zot a me c ae Ne x \ ' a lg, 2.20, CORDIC.) Moe. (0) Bas iteration, oso in Fg, 2.2018). Thin cage legs dos it deed ‘othe starting sige ad fer KRertine the arse nae sy ce the at clas of abl 2.9 the eu actor are cw Tce ted ‘he CORDIC slg converge, the sta of a eunaag vation soe ‘na be Tage thc the etl rotation age, Th nthe ce foe Hace wisy = oy Ht hae tobe repel, Thee athe Heras 1, 0,121 eee eee erect [ow and otratod i Fg, 2.2. The guph sos te ftv pte of itecations. IF bits isthe desieed output preciéom, the “rule of thin Etectve bts Contour ine 14 bt ose in 2 Scorn ot 6 etna 2 8 « 20 2 84 2" tratonsn Btw Migaae Pig 2:2, Eso te aa ae,Cpe Ailete le, 2.2, Rachtn of phn cela mde sess tha the path show eg) ational yard is: rom Figs 222 an als be won thatthe it we ofthe 2 pat show he the sane pression a hat for X ad Y. const othe eclar CORDIC apt. the fective roltion oa Iypebele CORDIC cannot be smptedsastiealy bens the preson ‘pends onthe augur anes} af Heaton, Hypertote preon a boner, be etna aig ination Fig. 229 shows the th ‘rear estate compat one Mental for each thane ombi fhe poe erating, The SD ropa shows the Fer oleate it withthe X/ pth theron ni rekon of he esl ttn sf lie ie The amon ies ll ‘elma ters the number af oration: andthe bit width. Far xm {Odieve 1048 pcs one eaten cb XY pa and 18 erations tr Ut erations a2 ite 2.0.1 CORDIC Architectures “Tw basic soso ae wt inplsent = CORDIC aries the ‘hore compat sate ahi ths high pend ly pple perso TE computaion Vine mt eel hon 6 ater acne me aw a Fige 224 aya br ar opel exactly Heaton of (2) wl Be “cumple Tier cope pat fi digi the wo baer. The {wolurebhier ca be eplaed bya barehie, nig pe ‘shown in Fig. 226 0 na (ht oF hel) skier, Table 210 ‘uupars eet dig opine or» 1-1 fepleeaion wing Gb XCIK FPGAS. Thigh spool is sede. ily pptined version f the dos sown Fig 226 ean el Fig 2.26 shows ht hort of eri CORDIC. (24 Computation of Special Punetions Using CORDIC = 71 aa —— i parry E Ty Ara tn of Icy ea eben waa 29),Brea) eye Beye > oma <= tate degre JO 230210 wy) 79.110) hotate 26 egrene 30/2 13 1D Pa a y@) > are seas cogrne ei x0 70 oan renege HYNY NEES ig. 2.27. CORDIC saan rl 2, sot i G2 98 Hotels tron elrgel to B = Xe = TR aan cece nance eeistek setae AE sun YD etn, Wit nig te 0 tpt ees common 30 Lona toe a8 "Th ectan LC coat inthe preva cemmpl orgie thi tM pete ine dng that h 5-8-9 190 Le, The ree ty Ector of two ons fom he fet that « FLEX Utes the LC lat unl ie spats the ft atte aa th etch nt IAT A Xin KOAK area devi woul be Exercises 2s Walle ha ate pti The bv ist ind et aia ya de (CRA AE ae hd go ean 33 heaGay Tm cs ‘uli /usbeeut operations. Starting withthe CSP, tyealy wor Uefa mew ai ithe amd ey Tel 1 ACEACO HIE) win wa dee tace Hey Sec sAce Ta: Sep mt ae ns a any ACC ACC Bont ule ex (0 Compare the alony fe Dt wh te itp mie sec tcumne2 2 the aed no a les, xercsen Using MuxPoalT 28) Comp in lap. ih he ae ie hn. (0) Conduct» swaation mith 13 + 102 2d Bape tow to uty the dg atp-9n or sabato Moi te eee ogieerctPorfrmene ands fin i ein, What rh gta 2.7 (0) Di ts wi 2.8: a} Dsgn a ganar CEA spun whic is ed bl « Walla ater fan ht alr {h) Utena th alc owing MaxPa. (5) Ee mje the pte ml ont or whip ih {peti i What ihe mas thn feed {e) Sabatens te oi output der with hepsi ae fa he CD-ROM. ‘hati hc hale tend ecfereace oi at” 2.95 (a) Um the nif cone innit ing ped maton iin si od Uw neh HDL nd oie me ak tpg fin fale hae" Nl wah ope [lose raeeee eee tere yn ge dsr pl os mtr ra tise otal oes mete al? silacta Ach 24s) te ies ah a ea wn sd pata mathe spat np Use the peel cn SP aS (0) lore se prc an es a 9d pa (mw pics sno3. Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Digital Filters song 3 fn CORDIC VDL coe 3.1 Digital Filters Dien ers te tilly wel to iyo lee the ates of niga ‘Enedrverianh (U1) Rx: Au ET Eerste wth top igloos 9 coo elle Uno couveaton, deuce by = Js whee the ers npn reponse,» he tpt sigu, and ys ouvelved oatpt, The ils fo)= SeBlfe—¥)= Sten.) LUT gta ers ac gna casi a blag ft spas reepnae Feeney a eee FFE Stor conte of «Bate ance fst rae, ring te sore ‘tardies tat Halle cnr ould sae nels Am HR Si, weer wate than hr se porn An FIR dig ‘plementation methodlors i dnc in thin cpr, wie TM ker itoes ts toed Choe “The otto or tlie dig hers ion ine growing yop lai ae inary DSP operat Dig ies ave apy tpi elas omelet ree eee erent eels ec ee ees ‘Mata equations of Laplace dn My were alae a ett =e ia iake Ioana mind ieee in sen, ie FIR ane typally designed tay diet cmptr sp athe lt. a is cpr i eam hat ga ker an FIR in parte lat een designed and sete fr implementation. The FIR doen prose will be bey revi elie by = deren of FPGA ile110 ah/ wh aan ylol 3.2 FIR Theory. ‘An PIR with comtank ovina an LTT gal lit, The ont of no IR of erder or hag Lt a inp there fe loony «Site serve tpet emir er pomr setm oil nama) ch where 0] 40 ough fi —11 #0 re he e's Lee aa, Thy ho eve to the FUR hue response, Fac LTT sens Is omens toe eave expr 2.3) nthe = otal 8 Yel=FL)K(a) a ‘where Fe] he FIR‘ rae fio dfn he ain by no = Sie ea The 1 order LPLPUR ters raphy interpre sett innovation o's "tape Aly Ba” tees ‘neo the pet pent cach mip i nF cede en eed ere ep eet faced coer ately Hae BT ce oe bron by foe ame “revered Slr? mogpnding ts tapped deep ost reer ‘The rt of polyoma Fs) bn (9-4) dete the eon ofthe ler. The prose only er herent FR are mnie alle ll eo {itr Chapter 5 me wil dacs porta clan af FE Hers (ala EC filers) which ce mene bt ar FIR. Thin pole here the spend hy heron prt are cela hy he nase pat {ier The ete peso pot ns ha hen yt a ean {itso iron BIR. We mat hat nsecaive Her ase aba Fb reunive ithe FI or HR Fg 5:2 hares hi ep FIR MR i, 3.3, ellie tren sr ad ele ‘ssn f the vet PR ince called he rnapsed UR flr can I contrat fru the FI He in Fi 3 by 4 Bechnasng the apt oad ont 1 Toverting the dineton of a fw 1 Shlaiating on er bo fork, a vce vena ‘A teansponed PUR Stern brennan goer he poe Selene fn FHL ter Th ei of hr that we dot seed an ext hires fo and here ne fora exten pr ‘ngs et des (ee te pode to acre igh ong “The fling examples shown vet inpemetaton of he tener fier peta (207) empties wings 3p) tnt or Dena 1 eh wn ‘ic SOP el) =1 gr hed Fr «Pw yin] Mig 3.3, FUE ter te aap ateTo Telses WU aave/coctticiones bits aa tt NESS tg eatin pctage Pe mete a 2 stotostecmsraivict toate 9) rove | Gb Sp. tbateacra Wt BOAT 93): sng nut? 18 st..abie acronis vot 0) Sire saa eoeit fanaa {o To 2) ae nner {He AMMA anT 19 AMUAY (0 YO LO RET {HE AMMA ASNTT 19 AMBAY (0 TB LO) QF BRET nC) er glidie-3) © pOD) + aCe or tsieor nae SAE pune pled); oo ieae uP nae ole ipnaale epaiecpy a0 = 3) = 2 ‘Sows the sna esten pce nage Ply een 9 ‘gel ae of he SOR,‘ by 3b, eras the sera we Sco a nl sf) 2h fed Le ‘wie eb te) = (04 VI)410+ VBE +18} + VIE) I fe) =n) + nse" nate * tie? roi spy) ren ai GES Gan ane ore ae) faPM Fillers ‘The eter ofa FIR np rep skal pt of set. Ws semen convert define ti pata the O sap stant Soe fit desiptan are cena celerl nota), Hot odlngt FI, the weal lor model ge by roa= fhe as) ‘he FIR'sfeqneney rape cone opted iy rain the le ‘eons fein tent he peihery of the ley dele by sting # = =". Ite ls hal le) = Pi) = She". (35) Wo then deat with [FV] he ts magus froaency rps and enon the phe repost, nd mate! are) 7 arch) #7 Digal filles axe more olen carnctsined ly have and magsitude than ly the main ta feton ae the complex eqaeney tat ie) = arctan 32 FIR Theory “ube Pat pie eps Ps Pt) = Grocer Ae feod Film fw Pol= few Fil fad 3.2.3 Lineat-Phiate FIR Filters Maotaoing pase atgyacror« rage quent dee sata tebe ny gatos sch anneal ing prcring ‘As ary depng fits Ch elf Reeasptans mers epeney © ite mary The lene mesure fhe pave Bacay a a yee te gon (33) A pore igre lor gromp day otis constant one a ange eget be siwtlLa- panei aioved fhe ler eels eae tele Oe eg fee a awe remo of (3.5). Fro (37) ean bese htm constant grea ‘lea ea ely be acy i he erates PUG} sa party al ‘naginey fet. Ts pln thatthe Ale pu rsp pesos ven ord ayeomcey. That Sial= flea oe 0)= =) 0 ‘a odi-ader emtrarmotry FT flee mond for example, fe sven regents BF Fw) = 01+ yikes ste ta10) j0)+2S> silembe fan) hie ise to be a pel action of Fagen Tale 3. se "se the fon pose es f yey oa year, even ore ad ‘ol order. th aiion Tae. raphy pln ean fk cae ‘nro FI‘864. Pinte lle Renponer (FIR) Digital Pies x4} 21 A} wo\f/ a maf mn é © vit nor phase FI can lene ‘he syometey pote itn Ao sete teaty numer ier Za bo in Fg 8.1. Com isthe incrane FU town in Fig 2 (een santey some), which Fil exits safc! wytmry- Observe at the "yr" are etka bad err cyle exe ofthat fod nthe Hort metieetare shown i Pig, 84 (wens 2) we the mb of 3.3 Designing FIR Filters Moder dgal FIM Rhery ave desiqusd sing compote einen CAE) tn The Bry on the chaptor are dexgned wing he MEATEAD Sent Poveing ons he oto elder Torco Lrpaon FL fet Design” em oma iat wens any tpn! tl ee sig, ates 4 Eauipe (alo kaon 26 mini) FIR amiga, which ses the Paro MC ad fewer ceeang tod fo deni Tne pane ici ole FIT Tis eq sony ao Be wt devin wile e Mert truer «+ Kane window den tn Che averse IPT method wight by Test nguace FIR eth, Thin ler ds ab ha spe td slopband but the saat geese inne Fon TM ee dein etn Batterwonth, Chelsey 1 and 1 od ips) whi ell be cso a Chapter Petey eetan iy meen cay the deed ltr. Such» lmpae specication typeally css of the Fecshaed sigh tin testis had oy soa ha op fs. rica, wre he sein Feqraey i san to be 2 aerate edo reese ge S94 Divect Wis now Design Method ‘The discrete Fonrcr Tauforen (DIT) sainkes a det connection he eee ee aati cece eee dui o ler don, the DPT eau be uso tenet set of FIR {ie cafes ich produc n ler tht aprotionts the rete 1 Fit ters dines UL Her deed ty flo) = ADFTLEIE) = SP Fon ‘ig sal gpl i Hort Ti he re cts hs een syste {ho incase spectra nec wane. te yetesied Alte should to neat oe FD = FCG terse aerator Cee eg kena Sr tang toes shown ta Fg 36(), with the paobunl pk shown a RO(0), Nate hat "he te rien ene pitino he eal ptr with the grntest ninth pectin tthe gps of the fmt bal The lurve ragged to Ge pheasienon. whi lato to the oaty of" fake For spect to oprodn arp edge, The Ge nga Timer a wide rng Hiter eer Tota th, oder the aan pl fer witaglh128 shown fa P34). with the peed peso io (d) Althgh the ler engl esate (an 1 138) the ag i pe ec eee ‘nly Ue appre al Cleese dabs Soest! etek elect to ten both in. Dost widows vera the FIs ine sponse reeling in nant” mae rane rooms with ne deat secede ee elt eee eee ee to te FI, the Gite caging can be tend ar ehown i Fag, Bp) ‘The detent the eton Ic ln be sen Other a id eis acoso kw Thy er ater of te ey ‘male tad beteon ign” a ration bandwid xensnn The mle of recog! aul pose wad Sane es ‘conan window deta wy ae883. Finite apm Rene (PIR) Digital Flere oy carresls lee ot a a5 a lao ie 2 promo (cae $e Ghee (0 eva temo ole EN 3 {rent eon on) pte epee oP hone SASS Gy Paina a tn 0 ern) ‘5A aben(2n0/2) Sula —Uem(2nn/ 2) + 08 elt) Te ov= te TIN) ‘uke 2.2 dhs hs wont nprtant paral of thee windoms "Tie 8 bandwith sew in able 8: the hase whee the tanta anton deers Fons DC hy 3-48 oe /V3. Data windows on gone de, to wars degree, ay feat Ye barn ib 8.9 Pare cr a wn Tet een aan Teciegie uso7T Tb Boia” a-r 3et ar ay fee ie BR Bites 10 /P 3/t Keer ae 3 Depenng on the xnothaens the wind, the third elon in Te 3.2 ‘hows hat gic wicks do not Laren sey the Sint or saved ee DPD eee 1/7 Te marin cick ener cle fo he 1 harmante val. The Ath slum dsr themanpte dere of "he window por ctv Finally the lat sl deen the ale ft ‘Kate wom th emits the corepenng window prope. The Katee widow, Isa the Starr Boa unin fn spel respects tetany ota i etn of the rthiy beeen “gh ‘sppreesins and tanto with and send cn be Ie y Bie Se Tee eee Se Gita ‘mat eed to Rai auumia a7) a> sa, B=) ossea 214+ o0rssa(4—21) 21423, (8) “ aoa, ihre = 208 oth stapbaad attention andthe pase sp ein dt The Rar lod ath to seve adele pio ae aa ay) 2 ae, 09) ‘Tho lage goncrallyconrot within an eno of 2 tp 5.3.2 Equiripple Decign Method A typi ler specication tk only ince the epeifaton of pashan pt stop ernest ie gin bt ls the allow devi ‘tion (or pl) foe the dene rane fant Te tat df Inet fle aut oe array i ero ice A peril elas of FU ‘er that prtieanyefftive fe meting wk pecieatoa eed he ‘style FIR. An ep design proto! mises the snl devi ‘ons (ple eof the al mer anton,‘ ep loro pis Cow moro BIT deg ncn ina pp ee908 Fini Tmpale Resp (FIR) Digital Filters 34 Constant Coeicint FIR Design 91 @ » ae = ‘ i a ; ae 4 al os Tao ga le 3 Tao | a as Eel “20 es : Za relies | vo \ 10 | ~0 5 iM ra = Hu, Ce a The 2, (cont) Kane winko ign th £=H ler) Pte MCn {a Trae met. (8) Gio fom nfo) Zr es «taps fee dein fn MarLat one samaa(Cs PAD) wth toeanee ire ox shown a Fig 3.380) ‘Tiere ters, i magpie hr at predaees 9 90° phase fer all oun in the prea (in MATLAB aoe ramus, Fy Ay mtatbert") «Diletta ce whi haa ea ness equa ma owt Gin MATUAD ie 7onen(byF yy 8ietorentat or sep ‘The ouepplece minions marina cgi i oral pent ing he Pas Clon dentine method. The Pas MBean nel to lo yeuce a egutple miniane data tin the funy demo Te bao he ulernation Horr” wi says that there eae oe ftuemial a Chenchey peal with sans lengthy tha ts int fen tderane seme. Sach atlruce scheme sham in Fi. 28) Fi: 38(h) shows a puoi wh ale okeanee sane, The tng ofthe polsoomily and href the he, ca be wstinated for 8 finn tine ig, 348 Panter Dg (9) Tete he (9) Bx in —Whlepe) 13 DS Saw, on) ‘Tha loritnratiely Sel the Teton nf Socal tas ee ‘hat vite fon «oma waa tedacae the sno he stl et bre Heaton, nt a dean rors he these vale, Mn ee the Temes had wad slc hen fences aatig the rearacy ook ae ea eee ee) pA), Ths the ramon wy the Maran spl Caeton bell pe ee ee ‘hefevatage of the gp dei thee hak pasbad had gd evatons ce specified ifeety. TH ny: for Tastee, be se Tighe, Beene the ea ly errr ieee lege thas 3 ‘We nt fn Fg 37h hat the spe des ving the a i or oer, 27comymen with 8, (15) 344 Constant Coefficient FIR Design, ‘Thee are nly Sow apleatns og adaptive lees) were we weal teal engrat ele ler ortcinr i thc oe doen in Exe 3 (81) In unig oppo, te Hers are LTH (ec, Fen intern)|. Finite Imposs Remponae (FIM) Digital Filters ul the elite do wot change ove te the eae the hare fovea sential bevel yop the apie al wer (ees) ‘nolo to npc the PI Alter thine ‘With sala dighal Mer design wftware the prac of FI oo cliente fa ihn proc. The allege reonins mang Te FIR den hom anal ncktesine The dint ramped or ace refed for main peed ad lowest oonner aon. es {te tuelin pte filles lame the filter can be enlarged Ly one soe tio, withoct the ee fr zonation of the pons ate set Bak {ik eta only apes PDSPs and is os aplicale to FPGAS. We wll terete fos aa ateaton om th ee and tanepsedpleentatins ‘We wl ive with gow nroveints to the dec for sel wil hen Ins ont a ransped foun, At the ed ofthe ction we wil es an terative design appeal ting dite sees, 8.44 Direct FIR Desig “The Divct FIR for down in Fig 21 (pea plemented a VED thing (coneaial) ROCESS siakenents by “compen etantations” a {Wenders acd wails. A PROCESS sign eorex no fea to the ‘Soins wile compone tantation sve all onl to te deg ‘To itete Thin sagt FIR le pentasa PROCESS desig. AL Mou ge FH arto sc or se practical appt, fly esl bv higher sles ad hoa the ndvatage of short com ith hea Haar phe [horfresyaantee) FIR ipa espns eumel a be ea br fk) ={-1.0,975,8.75,-10) (16) ‘The cents ea te ety ence int 4 tion wimer oe ‘samples 3:79 wo hare a1 Mar ropreentason Ly bere ~ ‘tes i oct of the inary pent, Roe ot i i sowed more ‘cet to inpenet only pontine CSD concent Ince postive CSD neficents hae ewe uno tes and pean tke the ign ofthe cok {den nto tenn when he matin f the predate computed. So tno the fis two pin he RAG agit 3. deed ters. Tom pret tn the Pi are snl ro nner desig od sual pest othe dee eating pt winters The peroranee af ‘Shae paut PIR, lat tigi iets, eat he seed {hing simaitinn or alginic analy to emuze thal dig spetiatons Termin aid, In he ave example ating pit bers are 3.75 God Loeb cn be represented ly wil Be pt worn ad the aoe eae “Rear busta te dred whe working wih Sea poat de signs pstoning stan oan dyn rae nef. Pett, the ta a ac ai TOM ‘The total it width then the su of the apt i with ad the Bt sowth G. Bor the abo ler fr (316) we hve = hg.) «4 wih te that theses ate data rgbters wd to have fleet four ‘oes nage Wis aa the pe dae fear mn ee, HS ner lets ear the apt data sould he hand by 2128/9313 ‘Bxample 8.2 Four-tap Direet FIR Filtor ie DL rth (-1.78375 1 een 1 FIM any to compe 2 minute int (00 9) 0 nh (SE eearelve MG int AL a (ae sm. octe aca Cnelmenicles oe Ge saree pent taptls = tap) apc) 22 tape) (4 FPS Si gts 72 EaBEG SARNT-D SY Trp day Bm: sit oe Sep) a ona Fig 31 (p80). Te dag nw ‘Tere are thro liom ncn th an poet dg 1) Relea ler ecient witha opted CSD cde soe Chapter 2, Beanpl Bs. 3. 3) inrcte ti eger mpeedy_pning, Th ek de old sersngel is lin ane eH thesis nr coded rel Ppstng ta Yow orernd deo The act that the LC nates srwotbernve on ane A few edu eine eter thay be wo 3) Porm oficial te lao cmp oe reece seston in Fl (86) ‘Te int two stone ac appeal oll FIR filers ib the hid ppt sly toa (yn) ern Thee hon wl be Sastre ‘rape dig 34 Coontant Corticient FIR Design 9 Simro “Fede Teas aT aa nd vest Shania "tt Pxample 8. 0 etene 86 she‘ ep to ans the es pr on tar ene es Me Le) ‘The tial BL mle podung 68 Ser cat 7 oe Theat proved Four-tep Direct PIR Fier "Te eg fm he pre exten iron ig CSD nde ‘omy ti Tale 33 an te Tint cam be eecl tar sach fires dg C39 14> 225 apy cob cose ond st EL tap) ap lahy ~~ Onn eamnty ot conttcionte Rephasing Piped Multiplier in FIR Fier 4 shige al ee eee ce ee eet ‘ficeats Wevoa yo hs ayy fle now als pie ay wth Fo filet het dey ae ite, ‘Teasing tic nto «barat ss at fer the diet form FIL ler we have to me the spat af the i0 Repeaters GR gl Pe eile ; | ies | Pig, 3.20, png Pe. (n) Pepe (b) Rep «malin. (1) ‘Wii peng (3) Wi to stag es ‘This principle shonin Fig, 3.104). Th Fg 3:10) show example 2.4.2 FIR Filter with Twansposed Structure ‘Arson ofthe iss FIle calle the tual Ser an eben Since Seton 3.2.1 (p81) To tenyponal Mr can the can ‘fe constant concer, the lowe te adsl isrovaneat, {AG) olgrthn (27, 28, 29,50 Pipi adr ag ce as oder ‘The pipeline addr increase tho spd at don adr ad gate ‘nth wile the BAG piel il due tae [Les namber of LCs) fhe Aer ad somesier lio ere the spe. Th pipe ade ecg te dncumod ia Chaps 2 and ree wl fc onthe RAG alge leet he feet x cet coi calles tna ined {GSD aoe dire, Bor exami he CBD ce voto the constnt rip ete 48 rai ars, while the tra 5 een 34 Contant Casticnat FIR Design 97 to aie, For ntennepo FU ler the pba high ha al the ‘coat il hao veal os coon, Porade te coca ond Mc be lt ing 81 = 0 Br the int ard 31 = 442 for ‘he aon. Ths deo the ttn or to oe udder. To ge, he Fang the ptinal eed ade gro (RAG) ian NP-hard pen. Av a eae eat eee Ine lt. Spel ‘Algorthon 3.3 Reduced Adder Graph ') Rewove the ign of the eft Ieee the sig ie te bles esl fred icy ete ee they ea be pene by ine wied dala ) Motive all at 1” weet ) Use ant” coos ling the wtp higher ot Sp (aL) arena Frwar nt te (3) potentially aeple sathe umber of thetic aap inceaes export. T sup th oes Xie hilt un the CSD eligi showh in Tae 2p 34), To Serate the RAG algorithm coving the nents dong he FS alld FIR filer of Gena nad Cary Example 8.5: Reduced Adler Graple for FO Halband Filter ‘The aia ie #6 a fas sna ttn 11) 9 tf] mane 3462064, oud raft ttn ae {he dole ce) no nmr epee in 3) an ak 1 be ot th ett om ae 23 ph lo dip = wom, 22S Som fa oe 2 aay ft eee hn Bees aed Gue-aoy (—1 Tate fiaccay {2} No wai ets Wirngina) (=) tame te ace (iiaisi) 40 eae cot Teor aptly ie atl BI peettioeine notoxto) Pan) ca (olietstray te asta ao 128 Sec. 251 (pte snk to veal eof a spre it bower al evict in ce sep. This ‘ecompatod sig nal table nd on een with lifer. 3 Example 5.6: Ditibuted Arithmetic Filter as State Machine ‘hak pachnge 8" ear detiend capone ‘a _sm.snnterztona voto 0) {lola ete stati he sweat verona pats 0) TiRiine ps Satogar Mage O70 60)" Tp agintor iiss Eon! EEStor ota) —"Somen ete eat St zou) © ou20) ‘ga dag. The opt ob be me eve neon 116 AL SHE fess se-lontcaesti acess (ene tn) Pea er eamenery 1g. 3.12 Simao he 3p FR er ih gt (1.3.7) (y= 1 a np sgn 11,3,7). The ng me with Roland ‘hetomancn cf 8 Mad ses 9 LCs nod EAB a] By deci the deat site table with «CASE sateen the Sl ce des ly fhe tale rex. or Ie abe, leratioe ‘noe rm be fn. Uther. wes se he 2K etd ary ‘cs (EAD), which (or dase iu Chr 1 ca be snfeweed a 24.2933 00 2" | tae, The to sdexgn paths ate ded a date etal tn alot Distributed Arithinetc Using Logie Cell see cnn de to LUT ses ape intation ey = 4). W sole red hme, Hat FUR ters ae her Tie pie ha he ‘ceo we eet fee pe te aca ‘he ont ts kighender FIR ne she in i219 (7) Dns om the [LCs foi FLEXIOK devine nama 21-bit fala, DA tle Sour corte canbe huplemente The mute of weewiy UCx incense sxponentialy wis ode Fpl he samt of LCs such ie than {esmmtref BABS Presale tn EPHORSUC204 contains 1G2 Cs aay GRAD Als, EAB ea be wed tient faphnet RAM and Fears a seer ee "ho mana anit of the design. 1 the desig in ingen larg ain with 8 beASE sateen, eset dein can Even ig “Slobal Project Logie syutesis™ with the “optinize Aras Dpton, with "Reduce Lagic'” an “Duplicate Logie Erteect cn” ‘la which ges opti avon the CASE tbe, ni at not1023, Finite Impulse Reeporne (FIR) Digital Filters Serpette sel emer a get ever deere Tee Wet tees eee of 10. mere SE ry Cie to eight ints ing the CASE state. The tino sie oe i be ‘ail oon the fc that the FLEXTOR a 4 psec ul, {hc entcde 3 gate} be lt with 21.Cs, A 10> maiperer can there {oes al with ID LC (eb fr sama Pal geen ype ey eons lg eatin cndace 0) agate reusing strate, Ite gel tte fen ale ‘Ghat tae ith CAEEstatcent,fallwe by o Ch) igen, he ee ee eee ee eee ee ‘Bedale dotgn ec tio peed, rater cna be attired Dalia srk 1 mile, Thi ly bevel higher LC oot comps {Sibied Lie piemate cfm O97 etlecsee The imag cme Beample 3.7: Fiveiaput DA Table ‘ntti ey GE itemcs hel EE blow ‘lines THE VDL outa ran why tof cna ae {ae t79), gine he Elwin tig (Re fovnsredclogecarth BUN Cole s10..ote 1h State ems toa 0. nce ToT Le OF casey 18 Eat vtec oth -laie rzrons Soro 0} Sie ntmetinay guar th tg a“The ve inp dy te CAE bln and 43+ 1M pla The (ec Rating to Fg 2.9, 1 ne we tha the strated VI. code roves the mse of teed Cs Fg 1 cmmpars the dferet og clade in ers of sed. Reding thc 1 crak ae pees ‘maps Beate te mui fC level i eed Alc we ge Ligh Rogiatared Pectornance using xenon pcan sage Sor 28 tae ‘vl S19 My the sign my now be to lg or ome pean. We ey nes cose fatter ees (Ecce Sloe 14), aa Fig 218 (py 0) oe phaton wth BAB sce next DA Using Binbedded Array Blocks ‘x mentioned inthe la secon, totem a ie 2K RAB fee shoe FIR fer, aly rf sae BAD $4 Constant Cocticiat PIR Design 106 epee wi ie eee Fig, 3:4. Spout compari ian ding yh ng hs lind Aso, the masinamn ygtered sped of « BAB is 76 MBs, ad as LC {able iuplementatn aye faster. "The foring example sows the DA Stpleentaion wg #eosponent fants f the EAD. ‘Example 2.8: Distributed Arithmetic Fiter wing ABs nos hs a by dente Th an saat ‘pnd cout ean ADs aa => NSN a ‘hci emasiomaas.* The VIDE ef tes me ont (cir! 1 s_L0G16; Mire states 35 (20.4) "s_toate.vacran(a pave 0)oo eSter af protec done 7 Peep /2 + eaten 4 foc Soe fea) © soa! tatesoat = ORY EEBR Goa) Carl with Kena 310 (p98). etre Sana est is Sao. ‘ecm and one EAB (more pei 3/8 of 0 EAB), Tel Bat ABS ha aly bil tc eder dX egleal0318 lable complete BAB wok! be conoued wane an ean nt be tal cannes: Boe longer filers, howere, diese of EAT atrctve ‘EAs have eptred thong a coon 76 MBs, nd 1 Routing i Ie does Signed DA PIR Fier A sen DA titer nl requir 8 simed acum. The foro esample ‘hows the VEL re forthe pevinly sb! Tero exams 2218 fom Chapter 2 (3) Example 3.0: Signed DA FI Filter far hee tea togie116-A| Finite Impar Responses (FIM) Digital Piers ‘he rove en ete At ar fone etclogiecaseh Using predtined package ont elk: msm core sata) 2010: SEG She 4 Constant Coatticont FIR Design 109 MO) ste) Bo) oa) tan. oot > tte ott) npneat cases) wee prada the prog (Se Stolen tofe_erseh lis essilhy onrsed eh dagen. en 00 s0r wrtothe sg FIR er with opt (1.7) inate fr the at equ 1-87} Ape ‘Ta stern ADA fer ene loop can bo so Te pli artic samp ty sample one wo a a ne) in parle for a he ee hero ler ts). The obvi ad dfn fi he LC table a poi tu dapeenge: ROM |] ROM |} ROM || ROM nena” O88 en patagee fer Gah 1 stone,1123 PlniteLapntee Response (FIR) Digital Piers Tata) xiao; — Land can none Be (be cf taguater 2 Bo BOS Eao Poe ek aa ase pe easiness =) upceaniesn = 23, ablent => 39 “he hain wee 4 als of sie 24 ad ab ba th sn nate | tbe ae tor Exams 30 07) 3.7 son te non Fee input nepom 032} Broo he pt appl al (a pai tpt otto ™ 0b empl “The previo dsign roi 39 Le ao ane at 42.19 Me Annet suvatage afte DA comer conspacel with general porpore MAC deg NE elning fon aries. Wer ean atonal pipeline eters he tae ep and a ere on we hr cot To compat yegorzenrde nee yt ‘we mig £00 £1 fr the pple wes within a PROCESS sane wow nes mem ses EP eee Nyy Pig. 27.5 Cee ce eee ea slr ae otherwise vt: Dt the Ragintered Performance acromen ‘on 218 No T0038 Exercises 3.18 A fe he Elomi pia: smi fens 2 Kl pub ai i pa 2 Ep ip lean (2) sgn lt her wt Kas ni (G2) tin ie tg aed (8) Deen a ein (62) Deere er gt ath ‘xercins Using MaxPhoalt Waki Bey i wih inbute fh 0 fs Ni Wie ad cmp (with he Masha cam) ths VHDL: oe ore {2} Simolate the er wit puede rapa {ieee ot dtl ng he tate ene Senate era attra (et) Wee mat wa te i (rte he MaxPit compl) the VDL cede the‘14 & Finite Imyrulee Respomee (PIR) Digitel Filters (62) Sonate er i ng a ep ep with thee sins] ~ (40-1, 31). The CSD code ote Hh co eee eet Il wteamps fo = 26a) ~ 26] — 101+ Af 5.2 by ting Mo) 2 Li nt.) {chy tuple the fe mth saberprenin sasig eh MPa for ie (ea pe een Sem eR a Uo) Saf te aay 9.4 2 noc Ay he expr pe ee ee {25 mtn te her 9h beeen shri ih MP oe Bt ‘3.8: (x) Ute program dagen, enn opie» DA tale fi soit (2 2A a SCT ae gna ice Spence ‘scale 4, Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Digital Filters ln Chapter 3 we ltrodueod the FIR Ser. The nt intent propain alse the FI atersetive (1) ornate) Br sective ape. hms fade + FIR inca pase pexormance i sly ail 4 Male ler re poi 4 The Kaleo subd allows trie + Plishaven iaplestrrtror Seaton ters) "Nancecarie filers are bmg ae ad fave mo Bi gc. + Tis uy top high-end, pscine dg, + FUR typically hat ow cnt date sn seo wellinet guanttion ns Seeuive FI flor sy be wt one ‘station, “"Thespbinicte Park MeClol algoritn sas be amiable foi iad ee dates Tigh Mee ath coc a aaa ae ‘Compare oan FE ter, a IR flor cn lene ch mone fink in term of alin ran perfrwanor carats wil gion fer ‘ler. Thiet bone the I flr insrpoate redack en capi ‘Tracing both cena ple of apse trae austin, wee he FUR Brin alle ter. chap, the facets eB ter dag wil be developed. The tadonl meant the deen of Ales nds the tanned of wh alg er, wth ded foedback ‘perintios lto the digtal rial. This i rorate appro Urea the at of desing sng Hees Mighty a sand table are aradabi, hn 6), We wil revi the fur ua npr cats of those alo prototype fits in thin chapter, mney Beret (hed tad ya lp les “The TR wil be shown overcome many ofthe defies of Ue FIR. butt hase cone oe deat rope we.‘ general eed (+) ot une (~) prapeto ofa I Hr exper (oe Chay216 4. Infinite Impaler Remponme (HR) Digital Futare xin] = aad lg. ier IR ler ml kay tater + Standne design using an sualog posi lero al understood. High select ler cane pi with Sword dg whieh an uate ped age ee ee eee {rte sae tolerates scheme, Serr are set, cocpared with FIR ‘thee toop desig slot an wd = Nelle pave eon il ical Yo gt Hear phase ‘eam, (nga al pe ter for pha compensation le ee Me comple.) Ln geo aay oe for Inge plerentaton = Mullsod deni ia owe, high, 0 badass fers ae sig rodhack cited ath, (Most fen, the mior pat he sn ee cn hewn or pete ane magi espa nd he ‘ie il bo stab). Line felt got Ng peed, piped dosie “To demonstrate the pousile benefits of wig IR. tes, we wl divest fiebonder IB Ber emeple Rxaruple 41: Lomy Integrator I (Oe te ink of le yo bo eth oy inl Se SS atte co al espe weet (a) 2A Tee looy tages atte wae en Sap PI be ‘The ie spf he ying showin Pg 430) ig, 4.3. Santon of kn nego wth 2 4 Infinite Inapube Response (HIN) Digital Piers 117 a je | Tai (by Sp ome Ie eto + comact 7 to extent pint "Te mutt Vr ode fr hie emampl can bo umd in Appendix A= repeats Totter tt 5: |! Sheer marr letronbodentarcnnnn terme cece hg 43. Ip apna Mal smatin of he a | ‘ck te wuipletioa aad ton need sng CSD iu 10 econ Pig 43 and gies ls er og standard age vetoed ype und LPA-AD0-508 nogafwneions i dite in Exerc (p10). Thi Sema apeoarh wil rodoce lng VEL exe at wl have the Det o ‘Got control tH it lve one he eens ml kip An slate dig upp 4.1 IR Theory {A nonrcunive file ineorponatis a the nae inp, no feedback. The pune penne sh ter Sit, Let nam PT filter” ecu file, on the alles hand baw foc, al expe i goeral Yo hare {tv init pe rnp a I te Fi.) home ere SS pester eco peat A seen aes ca I these tree nt yntrurive pars are ese tether a shown a Figs Cb). Te tener fonction the lor fom Fg 4-4 came ton tan solange te tn les Vs eae Sanam Sate aa A TIMP 119 Comparing sis wth the difeence eaton fr the FI fe 22} p80 sw Bd hat the diferenr equation for eerie sytem depen nl only Uh the Z presous velo of the pt eae s,m he rekon vai fl Ie compat pols and er of =). es thatthe ners: pa in the nominate of Flsh pr eer ps whe the denanator FG) gre the pole rst. Tar the tule fenet the ol/scn pte ewe ak op he ‘mt important poopeth of the Ber I we eater =~ We or Parallel srt. This hae Isl tothe roluson hata Wavertree eet comet (MW) len ofthe bw (VY sel pra (By an ca be ee font Sasa oT GL Tn the sontent of FIR ltrs (ne Chapter 3) he redo ar graph (NG) ee es ected if eeterlo menets Baten ee of several mtipers (72 7. Dempater and Malone eat the iether elie ie fon abe. in the ontxt RAGE maple a bnestaton state A sonar eposent a Table £2. The cond feta plays the lie ck ine Por » Dict alitete, two {itil sk, of i ad an tel For Wve arte 0 4.9 TER Filter Eanpleanen 139 ‘Tale 4.1. Dae fr sitar elite Ser by Crckice and Oppel 7 is aa we Gee 1 ee fea onc have the see apa naa seat lige Mocks can ‘veloped. Tt elven iid tie it be pent The ‘ied coum dnplays th number of der /subtractns Bf ncaa ‘ewe tg (CSD) deg sure to pened he wali Maca, Ca Tun four shows the sve rod forsale opined alien ae ah (HAG) (74) Colson Be shen Ihe rol fe the secede gag Ca ‘ua shows the vera ar ordi pro for AG desi Tae {12 shows that Casale and Paral nn ge opera o beter sels mal wk Wave digtal rs, hse the lie lok sf ‘colin! teen ‘cn using the RAG wun, Delays hoe ha rn “onside fr the FPGA design, been all the hy ele an mac Sa ip top. 43.2 Optimization of the Fier Gain Factor 1 genera desi the TR atgr ont fon sting ler soo Sets by Sat nrmasngo theses cote nd then ing tthe de gia actor, eth 240) vert te elie leenied ing CSD, MAG, ane Gene axa Parr Ped naaas ae ea BR w Vat BoN90 Alaina leptheallii ERY TPE Oa ao aa enone ce to mle th gin aor within a nnge, 201.2), Thee ‘le mental came nthe tran fet, sane the conf “ht he ended eater mln wit the ai fat. we ay Forster thin wear in he rang 2120 forthe eacade fle "ho Croc a] Open dni aang ro aon gin ed in Tae 4 wo 210818 Th), we et the lat reer in Tae 43, We oto, fou the emmpaion shown Tle 43, watt proven inthe eer of adore roid to ipl he mails, ‘Ans opt glen fr MAG sd RAG thin enw he sor 44 Fast IR Filter Jn Chapter 3, FIR fier Registered Pactormance mim impel ting ‘pti (one Fi 3. p88). nthe exe of FIR As, pti ea Ibe achieved at totaly no eet. Piping I Biter, however moe sphincter and otal nat fw, Statin tent to Rape ‘ie threat ae + Docket nels inthe dime dwn [3 Chisel ok poser aignnent [7.7] Scatter lk ole sagaent [8 {UR denaton ster ds (0) ins 0) cto (5, Set. a ‘The int ive meth te eo fer architec sige fo tec ques andthe st sed on computer athe (ov Chapter 2) Thee Nalgene ta ty Ce GEE recitation onc ae ly a tnd I ler be eared, ba {he med an be poll Uo herr IS and en be na a cares cee Ma | ama z ote ig. 4.14 Ley irae ts coed ee 4 ‘line Doman Intelenving Constr the dient equation of tor IR system, aly sy 1) = oy) + el (aan) ‘The eat ths Bet ooder soc, unactyn- can be oop sng oan ety by oti +1 tthe leet ‘ntion for gn} 2. Th ie i042) oyu 1) hen $3] =a] abel] =e 1) (40) heeled wasnt in Fg “is omrptcbe naio Pyap te ok abd ee or (6 ye rong sho i=in 5 Mein + 81K) any Tecas bo abe thatthe term ()dobuox an FI Str having cents (Gest fe HAF ae ec ete em tar prowcted in Chapter 3 (h ipelislnile ad pied dete). "he recursive part of (112) ean to ale plese with an Sag tind gine forte coon. We wl detontrate the ok aod “ecg withthe filling expe Example 4. Losty Integrator 1 ore eer dom of Moseensv pat fn Fe Rr Gr sy ad w err pakvinta) Seer} cones] St ea ob = Bets det eatee ‘cess — he 74 for ipa, utp tpi stagn BEET bex ra — comme on Bp Bey ieee cama nai Consoct rgintor y to obtput pina eR rede pene ppmeiegreymiteneprinag rf poeta of SU Mite Teepe oft to {IsField 100s Pg 8 a Ee finn thi 5 eres ase Comping the lok bad elem With the $1 Ce ad 55.80 MH station ‘eportl in Example 41 (p10), we Sal that oreaend ppt ban Sonbie the comply ofthe dig, win ald speed of 31% ‘The compariom of the to irs respon te he inp wit ani 10 showin lg 2 (.17} ad i 415 reve at he oko ‘chee oon overall dala. in he gana lies Vie 22 att bye fhe bo etc ‘an acnative doin apron sg nda ge veto data type ‘and L2HLADD_SI0 negafontiny, income in Baer 45 (p10) The ‘ood eppeach wl peace longer VED. cos, bat wil ba tho Beet ‘fect ato the i eel ong extant me 442 Clustered and Senttered Look-Abend Pipeining Canteen ster Valle piping sie ail wiFcanckng (dee serge tte sped ta mcs ae (fle a a selene id acted potefeconere uicot a ‘age ht thatthe ernie ns 2 hecome sero. The folowing exatple shams eter a ranple 4:4 Chatering Method cece ie ie ‘ ren Oa st “Te peo with elotrng st the cnet pero pe mye ont the malt cre, a2 tle eae a the previo sample Gis. 4], This nears tea ats the en I dic pele ta Ining ot petit Tn er eeoorder sytem wit lesan1344, Init Ips Response (IIR) Digital Filters Fig 4.10, Piers plo Grete es Gitta) Bel = tes eB Gris T Als soe ha tes ia Seeeeeeee eee ae eee ae ‘sould the wait dele for (ry ra) > 1 Sodestrand ed 2). have ‘ered table catering method, whic in general introduces mae ha “The saeco aad appro dors once ality problens We atrduem (8 —1) cmon ple par leat uty = 79, ‘ov rin Aer with pleted nt "The denoainator of the tanner Faction asx eal nly ae enfin serine wih the te Example 4.5: Seattered Look-Abend Method HGl= at a otc a6) aT “Theatr ek sen nce be et pri bse pe ot ert"? ad 0, Aad nc (bse ++ 0250 70 et -nsease 0 Toe fone) OT I ‘ad he sess ptt be planted wth tro additonal pipeline Aves! i stag ning ee ie fle fa ea Te PTE ete Set eee et eee ae en eee greet eee ee nv pet ee ald wih &“pomera er deposon" aeading (ba UL gate AN at) (an Fig. 16 shoe ch a ple/trormpresentation fra fsa eto ‘Se ae eat ee aed ‘esr tation, sb) peo bation of 0 57 ndespe (11R) Digital Filters 44.8 IR Dectnator Design Matinee amd Pais [79] hare ntl in the cont of decision thn ase Chapter yp 138) ltr dg agai se on He nn tt The rvaling tar futon sation Sune Fy - a 1 Pome hak aly rey ie § cole He Maeno ta. Ta tag et et a ae wh $s hsb dha th ang polo bin ‘Sr on hesitate er, white pole peerage in Fe 47 444 Parallel Processing tes parle procrnsing ler plementation (60), P pel TR pts we fords cak unaing at 1/P it sepia Thy tne embi at the ‘tpt ang lene, orn ge 18. Beotae wlipee, ‘Sura, willbe fer thn a whip wor adder, he por! spre wil be fate, Partbernone each ptt Paw fator of P wore he to Sapte ie miguel opt “inte comer agin Sitonder wpe ond P= 2. The oo profes rep vin) Pain| arin taint] (419) wine tesla tt i aonb een 2 nl e's = 241 pat ng tag ‘1 RT Per —-fror] Ra] —+ via for mrp}. lg 4.1, Pal eens, The ny ebay fn (EL) on witha 7S at cet Pig 410. Te satay = {92K + 2)aehy DR) oak 1 win 2= fan Fett 1] ash 1) +a when ¢ 2. ‘he wo ton es he ase he allowing psa IR {er FPGA inpleenation, engl oy trator I tenn to he meted peated in Exper (p11) om 2p 3) eae Be cane eee Acree ll eee an ey Sipe gidvabens ne te oto se eB i ate um pee (420) Sue fav.na-tefic artic, rom Cat sa epson;mpulee lespanse {IIR) Digital Filtene veiiplan: rgenss => spit x Sate oven and od epi {ote hi thon the compa Ragsrtered Persormagcas i) corer ea Sree a tated Mig. 420. Va ‘The dsadoantoge ofthe paral implementation, compara wth theosber mcd presets i the lately ih npentaton esto 13.0 44.5 R Des Using RIS Deca the Rese Naber Syren (RNS) was an ntact wo Jeng fn oreo ean ta npn fst (recuse) HE ype HIURNS deg, syne inpleneted a cleo of rca Sea noarseunive systems ie defn in tony of an FAT stractre (ce Fie 421) Rash FIR nny be mga n NSD, nig quarter ngane ‘okies or lbeenaies dere dete Clagtee RC) Tra nae ler, tbe eevee wt ean dpe sage qomth The alg operation a opened ws sed vad “aio, Cie Retainer Theorem (CE), or the «CRT mod. For a eg asad ee a a fom the cuted or sated loko pining elaine 0, Sot, 2 ‘Ne RNS rise ler dig wil he develope deta n Set 3 aoa that ENS si wil ape speed fom 50 MMe to more se 70 ae (} Somat sgn wan ope pa‘1404: Infinite Lopubee Response (IIR) Digital Filters x) = | TR LL eg he ‘4.2: (a) Implant oor LR Mot wth 9p a a = 9/8, 15 age Wat no send a oe ey ing Haat 4.3 (0) pnt a 1 le wih a {) Deer cs md he kage Pertermacn, (6) Sine te dng wan ope man 4d: (a Impleret 0 torr TR is min Ea sa craton ce (Btn swab LCs ad Reatard Yerformece {Bioeth hig ton pact os apne a Fig 13 (pi 4.5: (2) Lunt» foe ppt fer ten Henle 43 (p13 nog 1 alr phn ta wh Ri ph (0) Deca te neo Cs th egret artorane, {ed Sime he dren nth apt pet isl some Te sala Fie te (p18), 4.8: Sha She he ha I Dat ‘ales The tbe fontim sa omens ict N setues ST Bec the so of the drei alas 1, we chow — = 08 {5} Coupe ot lt he eas fein of he st Bad de mate (0) tna aint ti i Dian oe it ope, (0) el mt dole he Sage er Moa? (6) Derma Le weg ol agian Pertorance he es,5. Multirate Signal Processing Teer A Fegan proces into aj the waning rte ‘eco othe na fates. Stes With fret camping ea oe tered nate sate hin hapten type expe Isrts donation and iteration fo slrate DSP syste. We wll "he nrodace polyline ola, wil ict oe lent dante hig At the ea of the captor we wl ens ter banks ad te ew: heh cele acon to te DSP tox: wee ala 5.1 Decimation and Interpolation fer A/D couverion, th signal of fterot can be fn in 4 mal f= casey and (cal, mpsn on Ban then fremont ler ‘wis lps o bap ter apd to nee the sapling rte Amaro ‘Mr fone y a davasamplr nosy slr to aa eater [67 Fri. Wecan vee mnling rcp oe ii called Ninel? sxe ate th splig rt ehh chan he dd the Tie moder toad lng, Alsi i eonatated in Bg 2 for a Lewy al. lg ie irepsae sad could ald a al wnt. Fors banjos sil, the frequency ond of inte wu fl within an integer beef ths npg rats Che dee dealing, “Tessing the mning eae ca be wil in the D/A comes proce, foe ecm Typically, D/A coowrter ae wal a el of Bt onder ln fa» ceramics deerig. 8.1 Desimaton a sigpa oo 4 Xe) the outpat, which produce step te outst nto. This a be oth feat ‘/i(2)rmprnation ler, el ot en gta slain i more fen We a, the digital denon, a ape an a aitonl filter to get the sed rete ba. We {iy fe Fig 64 fh te ntredoond seen pecoce tn exon ny the scan sper hic sal Bete sete fie the gal ca Be procera wi te D/A cover The el atater ontp aigl f eh Si falicgeater? art hei Fi. ALA Noble Identiten When sanipaating sg fw graph of trate nsen i sometines veel o rnrange the ler ad dompsacpls expan. showin Fi 3.5 "Thee te te ralled “Noble” nin 8) Fo fecal fm Som ato ot the apa aati. Y ~ Nn ig. 5.2. Uo a all devon en, —Feal Imag, to tM MM om ha. Ieg bastion (©1985 VDI Pre (RF) = Fe) 62) ithe downsanping ie done ls, we an alc he ker gt F<") lip tor of Fo the iterator, he Noe elton defied FU} (t= (1 A) RG) 69) ain a interglaion ping he fle bre the exper rs a tis eet Br. “Those two elt wil bee wry fal when me ean polypae rovntlion i Sot B2 (pe 1).ony EA, q x a | Sorin) 2 Xt Hh | | h il @ ig 88 D/A sani 8) ow ont ih pain ) High oe the ipa and output rate ofa malate syst not a tere for ‘he eet eang forlorn ta wing econ be ed Mone Pfr fro! - frente" “Graf iR RE = “LIRR” Fie. 6.8, Bosra iia soe (Noe ei) prey. we Bist ane a interpaltor t neem Ee sapling rte by Bh. Il then Woe mena to dowanazple by Ry Since the Ars uso for interplaion atid dtton are olkkrymon lle fll, fn the ‘sper enisraton in Fg 7, hat we nly roto glen the horns er withthe male pd ere, f= nin (FZ) (a) ‘Thee ropa Lterprte i the ler enfin i Pig, 7 ie |} —a] Raf) i) Geel fo hee vs 5.2 Polyphase Decomposition wef who aphnenting dinate ‘eel in Hr FI tor un or nk, To itt tienes {he pelphasedecopriton of un FIR dination fr we ad een ining bya acer of ote FIle sewer sn a i 31 (80), wea tht me ony nol compute the ota xu tne aan i 3) 1 ftlows that we do ots sont not al ss product fn] ‘of the comoaion. Frannie, oon tens Fo be tli ah $0. Fu. 72. 6)Beside i thom conti nly mie al 6 11 therefore seasonal kop the inp signal Sint ink. septs safe) = (20,23) so) = (eth aR Ad eR.) also to st the iter fn) in Bsns = 5 Slo) = {A .- Bib = {FU AR Do eh sin (21R— facsle)= URN F2R— Ao) Fig. 5: lane dinate te pete wing palypaedecmnpositos. Seok a dein cane tis fate thin the nl PUR er flowed Iya dager. The fers fare elled payee lis, erase they hve he sae sgt taal foto, Du ay ate spared delay ih odes pe et jo Mastrates the palyphase deomponiion. ralyphase Docimator Filter geet er ih Gi) and = 2 i Ge) = (114 V3) +84 VBE BVI HO VE) i2te aids "pte? 389 9) 5 Ay4s 10.) snd ome Guin = BA ro) “Fe ilk Vlog nde ebay F, ie} {a svcarcmea tes oF stp 18 TO Sea. rWrE 18 Coven, ospete acme vatipten: rene Sy inte oven and ot caorypbnn: aac (ok at. Conte wacintry mtespliation of the #sI¢er ean Tonys fitter 61 ray etre Sat x perorres ra FADE Adtetypnee ura ig, 8. VHDL Sina of he pp opti of he ti ea he sogg rte ia ad supe. The Se Fagcss iat th twee nm spe roe Alva the ‘pnt clothe eps tthe hse Son NTS 2 Thrfre the opt gene ae chan ea ctl ad ‘iwsign es 908 cr ih 30M Rogtared Perms From the VHDL stltion shows in Fg 9 ob ae at tel 4 decinator no oer Ina, rng in ocelot Syste, This ean be alate by app singe impairing a a8 ‘en nse spl, the repo G(s) we fr and aden apie, I esouvets Cis sive HR Decintor 1 abo pone to poly pay {0 gt the spol bone we Slow he Sa the trae fantty bison pt ily nck cfc. Wh hn noel diced ‘cad nthe content fT er (Figs 4, p 135) Fig. 5.10 sows Tit depending om he tesion wi ofthe ter on I deinotar ‘es baal pains ciapared ith an FIR decimate, 5.22 Past Running PIR Filter ‘Aa itoring applet of pine decompo i called fe ‘ning FIR er. ‘The hae on fe te ete flog I nt de unpone the inp signal in| into 2 polyphase capone wee me ‘Winograd’ sort eonvolatin ngorhias tpl fat fr, Eat dereetechlbstars name eed Example 6.2: Fast-Running PIR filter > tho ious Xe) andr Fs) to en aad od Serio xe) ee try com) Fi) = De = ie) 4) em ski the a Wis tap al cates Pig 6.1, Fo-oming FIR Bir with = 2 Yel =e) | 19 le + aa? ele) HB as) opt (1) he ple enya Yt) a Ys) we Tole = Aaah es Malte ia Ie rn comp (819) ih oa centtion ee Pen erirercicorean “a eguetegam ratmon cae’ san Te aati oe the ge pass tn Winged a pe ‘Tinta het colton itn tr 37 soa be See a Saeed ‘% re compat he dist te pletion with the foening FIR, Sher we it dings etme Harare fir an average ner of ‘der ad ealige operations A dec iipenclatioa wend a tal "pers and f= aera ong ol pd Pr renting le we lve tne tess of gt 1/2 vanish pel This tna 3/4 ations per tpt sample and (2+2)/2 91/21) = SL) 1/2 ‘slim fr the mob fle, hy the site cout lot 295 better Penerieees neo 3/2 ‘Sout 50% higher thai the diet nplmentation, The oil faei: Fg 5.1 tht the fdr lee ally es wie he sed athe dine! ingnenaron. Un «higher number Hof decosporta tiny fer intenae the maxi throng. The general ethology fr Tyas gash fy up ete tow 3 lows ‘Algorthns 6.3; Faat-Ruoning FIR Filer 1) Decompone tpt nga into polyphase scat, A aden Aton Request of fo 2) Fer the soars with er of gt £/ (ita ee eer teste eerste a a cotpat Yi). Use a final eat nlp to generate he tpt Sigal YC) Noli Uist the comet nail lero logit L/ Rimay eens be dea pnd, ning Alport 5.3. ‘Thes Phe quo ase When shoal es Tieiiceatnedereapoiton? Mon aod Dual (4 hee coupled abe vith the gal of wining ce twrage ait count Tie 8.1 aoe "hopin ecnnpotn, The ein ol mae wai ttl maser ‘ication ad ana wich ep fr MAC aed dein ‘abe al put ters whch shoal beneath A Beet Foc lage hgh than 6, fet convaition ang the PFT ic more fie nd wil be sewed in Capt 6. eo mem wed MEAG pee wea BPA i ig 5 ad 5 Bogemmuer CIC Filters 155, 5.8 Hogenauer CIC Filters A very lint arciectaze for 2 Righ dsimaton as to the “ewende integrator eon (CIC) filter ntl iy Hogrannes [6 The CIC (abo nown az the Rogan let}, has proven tobe an fess eet gh-dainaton or ntespolaton vali, On opin in wee com suitors nig, smpind at RP or TF ran nol be sed to baseband For nserombaod appatons (eg ela oi) dentin ats in esses L00 see sows requ. Such sytem ests ‘fered tax aoc [8 Another spinon sen wn 2 dln ‘CIC flrs are bau on the fet that perfot pol/sero caning can Teeter ha iy etl ce eps elie ch

) and (count <1) Tint ln thn ath a cm ee‘This design prone the sped fs 38 to HL My and ae sed 1 sof 40% romparal with he design conned in Braap 3 (p19). paring the fer oat of the VHDL, sation, shown in Pig 6:21 ‘ant Fig 18 (162), difeeh LSD nna belo ne ol (we serene 5, p27) In the rane dei, “h” pret sya Io of te LSS (253 + 250, ‘The eng of CIC fier aaing hs NS wes proponediy Garcia, Mee BineandTapr 4) A thowestage CIC tte, with 818 pt, LA a pet, Dm 2 and = 32 was hplomente The asnnan worth nos 236 Lite. Foe the RNS inponentato thea set (256,63, 6430), ‘oe Shit twos complement aad Hive Gi aod, covers ein range oe Fle: 540) The call won ele eon -CHET recog igh le od thee o's omplrent ders (89. Fit) (a sow Fi 6.26) eg ‘se onal waling (DRS) leith bcc on fo bi moa ater (38), fn CRE forthe lang to tuo fr aoa of fe toda der ‘ed ite HOM ten oe wre lai felipe nese ROM ard he ‘SCR are eoubise)-The fain table noe the spa fn MSPS a he ‘ombor of LEs sad EAs wed fr the tne naling rer Tye SORT ANS -CRT RS ORT (Speed daa or caine ‘DRS mg only) ROM “wens ma Ta 588 Le Bn ‘ = Habe (ean) . 7 ‘The deere in sped to 8.8 MSDS, Gx the sealing schemes 1 a3 the reel ofthe sot for «Mb e-CHT, sold ed that this den ek eats ll geet ec ecg rede ee rg Cal ‘upg rte, Por the BRS CORT, ii amare Ht nly te ETS ry ‘at (oe Fi 18) enema bigot soci ae, whe BS my nr SORT re a he outpacing 1 Sime cours canbe sta x sels, il to Rare 5.5 (p16, a Hatin ia Pig, 9:25; ne. Wa than ace, the BRS CCRT scheme tet heed to dace he tit win Un este nti ‘lhe le, The enly taco ROMs decree he poe nope {eto 704 MSPS, which enn peed the BRS wth A he ‘ntpt, Hef CRT ade wo appl v v BRS Vv Vv BRS alal= enrays ig: 625 IC ler: Detail dng with ve removal ling ‘The org tle mins es npn ke ding the log dat, Detaled it wt eh S6.5605.4 Multistage Decimator XE the dination rte age oo be nn tha ining esi ‘an be ele wit ee ft than sgt conve, partie 8 les aera eee epee cea ar ase So overall dowsing eat of = fll Unrate, yma imperteotionr, wi a pple deviation, ncaa rom get sag, Aa a eit 2 uta devon tart ml acral he ened the ref; ~ [to ert owl spe speiotonn Ths i bia *wost-ete atom in whe ll obo ers hae the na pe 1 the same floqeain, which en general to psn. ian me tewonabie to Uy on ial yalee eae the geen mola speciation ed thes sete educa 5.4.1 Multistage Decimator Design Using Goodman-Carey Hoaltoand Piters Gooden and Cary [6] propose to develop nit sage seme bom hese of CIC and hls Sten. Ax the nan oe, ali for Ie psa and stoped leat yy = 2 ore i the Snel Atlan ler ou therlaw bwond to cng sping ‘lo pacer ne cr le: ha pet aptncry eos © 9/2 the all ven cot expt the caer lap howe eo Detnition 62 Hoaltband ‘The imate response aad Mer yeti an obey eres rahe 36) contin fandiroed athe ndonin re Tye Fs) sere an) ira sealife © haces Ona “abe 6.3 Coin of th nna et Ft 9 oh 1571 GA Multistage Dee mm bEbERES Gotan and Caz ave compl ist tater alae hie, ‘wi inromed lat, lane ser anphitde distros: Table 53 shows {he cota ofthe haan] te To ingly the repeating the ‘etn woe te with cpentr tap ete at = OF Be ovine ‘eae ro eg Ee Hogenaner's CI fle, and nay Hele ‘Roum in the Get stage ko, to chug the rate wi factor acer than too. Fig. 27 noms the ter Cnet ofthe nine ile er, Note tha ite lgarie pb of Fi. 82, the prt yey (al fo Tad ers) eat he oer The be Hea the Goon sad Carey intage dinate sgn ‘hain the Ra ng fly ith age ip ad He comipety ot be ‘pd, beso the pssst soon eo erie sal ‘the patand-te sping feeacy tli ee west ae Aes ‘wi ee dint The lrith stops at R= Fr the fal dation GLP jca bse hha ho ant be dois dot | : Ongena ie: 6.36. Goodman ad Carey dig is [6Goin sn Carey have proved he dng cast shown i Fig 28 Teta the int oveauplng fcr nnd the neewary ttenaton in the yoann spond A= aly — tae fe emp rn is Stating pda, the neeary les orf 2/21/8..- eae dwn a 3 enone Hac (tthe anes lento, Tn fers Pd PPO Teves ithe psn ame Excree 8, p. 207), and seal such fiers ne wed It ny be nermanry tv adjnt ee Wey thereloe colder ‘he ling janet ‘A= =o ep for PLES 39) in(oe) fr PO RORY 29 whece 5s the muse of tag wit pl "We wl dessa the unite design wit the folowing expla, Exainple 5.8 Multiatage Holand Filter Decimator ‘We nh to cee ncn with B10 y= OM, Big Coin ad Can tn eo ihe arin pata = a0 np 30D a Pg 201) ro TD 10 22 we Se EOC ere 2 AC ey nin (207, ani) — aan om) hom Pi 28 we ne ht 2 th le Feat: Fu napa sch a tet Fo ty gee ido Fs fp tn Fel Pa ae aC Pash SHG Set fn) i sti a, ae cj o (Cay ah le (a) Dn rh) Tame fet Fa es that eng only he or wit ipl i (638) ‘wor afin Using uno peo peach, with S~ 6 we mond hare (psten A ~~ Ahi 15/6) ~ 52 a ad we oul we md ter FS Pah bat Nee eet eter bar wk mentee ets pre eee 5.5 Prequency Sampling Filters as Bandpass Decimators ‘The CHC ts sens in See. 53 (105) Ing to a ager as of syst aa fogency ampli ter SF). Feeney smgting tery ie ed scale dental to den henna ‘peta et ast of bert was sack ay howe Rone on or Fer ee ere cared ecco {anc eeney sive remator 9). The satan inlet y Fe es ete tes al ier eae ly the comb preter. Gain ajstnents ze spilt the utp ofthe rotor to inp the esting aenitids reqney expose the oa fer, Au PSE ca he be contol by cncading lbp ter seta w ‘Mr fite (com) seston, an sueted i Fige 0 The delay ofthe ‘omlvsctng, Peo wo ha sero ane the pel Ul plier hows it Fg 1. Where ther empl pl, te Woda at alain exigk te Chl ell mn es FU, ite let ee eee tae ete cs dat acy thi tc eon ard oma plas nr ior PSF deg ely un ect pes auton wd ar often od in ‘boll oppo Beat FSF poloser inflaton, can be qiarutoe recat eetteceabes endarnareeer tn eyes ‘itn lie ein some ois (BNEQ, Teper af an FBP Ber ‘evelopd nthir mer ea ee on th papery of tho wai lee This ‘anton sable beatin i aeptable de the guna of exact pelos canclaton. Without ths guaran, the dagnee moa! have Sete the pbs of the eonators wii the wat ede with losin yo Seraanes: tn atin, by along the PSP po al oo Sn complesity ntl eres int adi “Comer the Mer sw Fe 30 ean shoe ha stoner lee seth (wth neg ont) pre pols a asf ed 13 Stender sections: with teger octet es produce ple gee fw sau 120", eon othe rnp 2eon 24K /D) 1 aad Ai. The eajraey shetty af hgher-ede setos e hoena Ta ‘The mine feoguees forall plysonne vg integer cots wel roots on the Ani cle pt ert resort. The bilgi—+[rse] ofc] Fo fom] ~~ ofa] | oTTtig ag 38 Crt per mig ie tn to a Pikctoteon teu Oh arch sn cat cits sce Soa to bt ao sao loom Tin in Tie an be met fcatly desig al iplement sch FSB flten. For example tes open (ie, ROS sage mocelon) See max developed for ora constant Q ape procesing te bak, I wens oy ag fa 90 0 $080 He [89 0 eg 16 KM ‘ing eqoney. An integer eect al ler DG [0 nti files and dane mnlileooe CIC ler (ao known ae Howeanee file [6 oon Sork Bp 8) wa edad to the dig to suprss ue ‘te fequney stponcnt asso in Fig. 8.2. The bandwith of ork ‘Toomntorcan be indaeneniy aed by the tbe of sagen and els Jn the cmbvnctin, The nor of stage and aps tine to met ‘85 Pree macy Saampling Filters as Bumdpan Decienators 177 Im) zplane Im) zplane | Z ‘, ante 9 BS | x ° ton mzmen | ee ie rand ction Wigs 6: ems of cows npc be patcaag Sor al Coe hy De Ee (eee lees cere cei AR emcteciet¢ aes erent ago al dag “Tw for book mos protalyped wing Xie NCO FPGA wi the ‘onplety reported iTable 55. Using Mh! design tok (XBLOCKS Fo Xie); the ae a wed CLs as ypeally 2% higher tha the te ‘ttl preition oa hy eating ies HAs, HOB a AM ‘The dergn af an FSF cae apie by eating the smb dy, lacie teeth eam eres fe eres anc el "scam dy cat esl be aeved bape he CLD» a we ae 321 ‘urn lls ad sont wa spies dys wits the CLE ened ‘matory celier 1 tape blah fai ra dS ee a ox | | 20°) | aan] | 72° | [stat] a6" | [20°] [as pei [Dats Deals) Dato) (Da#9) [Dato [0-50] [D=10 tia ed i Es 7 wo Be ‘Table 8.8. Nunes a we CLs Kile XCHO1 FPGAs (Netto: FenD90| fi alg Sty Cn 8 — In, aa Ann 8 CU 5.6 Filter Banks Aaa ie ec aa tael fear eel oo ‘alan how in Fig. 5.5. One common spent othe eal ler nk lowe in 58a) pretense to pit the Spt a Fe ‘into clot mbna, Th coabiation of ctrl sia at ‘xm tot spa. wn in Pig, 5.38b) called apne ler aos ‘The analyse ler sy be nonoweciay ian gly evelyn bata Aialy overlapping, Fig 4 soy an excl of «alghly veining tr ‘Raster imporand chamois Ua nlingsiten dffmen) eae of ‘iter nbs te anda spacing of the cer femoris 9 he ‘ers A pope exatiple oa swemform ler tnt she octave spe ce tt flr Ia wish il be dacs Ser. (p07) tn wnoom Filter bok al ee ve the ssn dit sl sang ze Brows {he fplectationsatdeih or,saxinl decimating ter Laks ‘Analysis setion Symes seston Hi] Fie) Rin} ln} fp Fla) ‘oh a8 hm ast showing (2) ata an (8) os) ig. 535, Tyie flo ak do se fen poterel ra hey cn bw ele fh Up OFF T ‘Seo, oh i he net srt, 6.04 Uniform DPT Fiter Bank fu xl decimal, or ctcly sampled ler lak the deviation oe ierplation I seg the omer of bods K. We all tx DET iter ‘i te bles Hn compel fom the nedlation” of sno type filer Mo), aooeing to Ho) = Moe = Ainlerl fay An lio! plementation ofthe chanel her Dank ea be gered if we ome polyp detmpenon (re Set 52, p14) ofthe Bee He) Normalized frequency 0 ig: 6.36 haar bk ih ganprt] UR ffi LY vin PK ) rer TR fa | S161 ig. £8 () Anas DPT Rr isha (Cone ale DPT ‘0 the 1ape goal to. Rechme cal of thee Larlpr fen iil ‘np, me uses decomposition wi I polyps sina ering to in) = 9 ae an = bn — ey inl = SS sale ul ol — (9) 1 oom ett (6:12) in (6:4). Sl at al asda es) share the sme pa ler hail the leat” fi ech fer are dierent Thi tractre swan Fig 39) for the lee Wow rus Ha thin “ide let” foe M9 cozeond to ther DPT cosponcat; with an ip vector of ty nso The compton forthe whole tapi uc be eat ong with M polyphase, fowl by DFT (oe FFT) af thse 7 lira ‘exponent as shows Pg 50). "This i aboay tach ocelot {ta dee Corpoation ig the lier deiced fa (S41) (oe merc 5 0), I spotalcompancats X71 aint forthe inverse DET fe FPT), sd ectatract the omtp seul wing «pli inerpolitor steer, show i Pg. 6.96, The ecraracion andj Fo) = flag = fom pay mono conn the ana an sth er tank, we ea ae at {he DFP and IDE anata other, ul perf remem one the avai of theca payin le vr amit atl facto, marie (i oe ca Tues mod the te poppet fucne mur lames iets fob ales ten He) Bl See eee terete er en ere eae ee ete eee ‘isles eee seceeVes WIT leefec ce ‘sc FIR ad TR, showa inthe flloring aarp Example 6.0: DFT Fiter Bank “Th uy err iden ample 43 (181 sh beri in 6) ay ete eee ee Ne lesbo” arn ot Exacle 4 158) eye cice Si vst bap in oa| |r eon Xk via Py F0| mnt feu ro] Pig 6.30 DPT ayn ior bak 1m (2) (40) i jor et fp at Hote) Toe" + Warde? + O24 45.0) nyj=$0-07' « Bia) =s tr “The pn ba grap ett in Fig S37) 5.02 To-Channel Filer Be “oo fer taka a Daksa maeles: Fig 5:8 shams an arp "at pls the apa) ming tmp (Gs) aed Rigas (22) 56" filers, Tho resin gap neonsraetol wit Tow a Midys “utes” less Between al syutesis wets ae dot. ‘i aad intrpaation by 2 tas Te sgl etwers the decatos ud erfleors sen qunioe ud atalinenty proce er earth 11 cama prt to deine ly theo filter Gls), ado ae tytn to specfy He highpsn ter Me) The comatose on,2 ame) Ul ita dy Hi) Analysis nhc fins the tars to be mi {aa fo = [Gls fen Gunde Mor Filer (QM) to ens have see janet to 5/2. Sweat ne expander aig ee ere ree Ii); tarecoatrice a) A alleging ute owes he pl ipa ‘be peel retarted, can we say aa 55) ly 0 ‘Tha aga pt the igi, upto a phe ‘ea esa tbe Flere, achicingpefetrermtenson Is ok tial pro Beth Akers produc eantaaasing compacts arth domain by 2a srw i Fig. 338, The se oetnal ler Dank whi aes (3.5) atithted fo Alo Haar (enen 1910 (3 Example 9.10% Two-Chanvel Haar Filter Bank 1 "hha tan fits he fe ned QM rb a Pg 3.393 he tn aeen he Rests pe fen 3/02 Figen Fo a alto) ast a atl ea a aoiay ead aeitao M20) saa) slo UO a) ig. 83. Tw sana QM bank (190 Spring Pro (3 feucane nie Gy=tntey mo—tearer, spec ee ot Bk te re SHER re ramen need ieeonea ae rarer Sees, 1a the lowing wil die una obey to wet a pf te ‘ecnation ad arpa by Ste) by the seo (15, sm the gro einai he fe hor toc, Tt wel Co sear Cat ig] uae oping, SP Ths teat inthe edi,185 Multinate Signal Proceming sie) = st) 8-3 sa 1 thie soa i apli. t0 the two-channel fer ks the ope path isos) ad highs pa Xp) bee slain am Ace slipteaton with the ays ker G2) ane (2), ssn ow af theres we get Xs) a St) XipoleIOle) 4 Nault) (ace 13 (eat 0 Hts) X19 a) asia ae ogee eal Suis a 1 pal plated ge A kfm TF ae GN oi) 0,1 he mtn ofa i 2) Glyde) + maya) —2. pe one Tea eae eee ete Peample 5.12: Two-Channel Haar Filter bank 1 "The tf the wetted ae QMP Yak en bel by Giyeies ma 60) = Mee) mie)= 2) Gael 4 -| =fa-eiaeet dae yete) he ampide tortion ha ahu-eystenes 2) e19et + Heme lorerelorne =hqsartyeyeciiaet ey For the proof wing Toone 5.1, a be mt hat the pet oon struction ein dy ot ange i we etc the sal an ryt Ts te floing me wil dismantle tc mde he (ite hase be Ske cots Foe AT ecco est tliueay ae eye eal (00) “Tk ean be choked if we we (6.60) Forde it contion of Thro 5.1 Using emp itr thet contin can be hated fll (0) ot oft) Al {afl of, ofa) Roh h3) — gi (NOM 1.8) 43) ‘Wi the ratreton af the iter ann Toot 1, mec mow simpy (te ed comdion i Theresa LT 1s wef be Aosta weeny product ter F(a) ~ Gle1Gle), The second coeton frm Thea lt eee ede +H(— pa aya I =2) = Fle) +a m}0(-2) = Fle) F-21561) fy the pc le tbe a tir filler? "The comer a perot ecimtectiog ter auth lbw thi he pe 1) Defve » normale bala fie aren Eaton (6.6) 2) Factor the ilerP[=) a Fe) ~ Gla), 8) Comte H1:) and A) nsing vations (6.00)... Fe) = Gl) and Hs) = Ces) ‘We wb to donate Aig 51 wil he allowing exe T dn ily the ulation we wi the Tallow eal we obit ‘eng le for G2) ed eg fr G)s as an 1/8 ler Example 5.15: Perfet-Reconstructing Fiber Bank Using F3 Ta gon hi er 3 3 7) nth 7 at Bi) (crrte bee? e009) )neg ane Pig, 840. Poser pt rie Scnztion oh aed tr 3. Upp fem Glee om Ge) (n) apna 3) Linge 4 hata ate eto te ta =n 2 + VS = 87 a 49/8 he en 1) = (A ten fo in we aplationnan as t fo Sapna remade sees Fre ca the rw sg ae ll i fc ot dhe Daher the condition (3) = —#-PG{=) okt tn tein Mh acl rrp polyno tro eras och ote a | af Te) Xu) eaGe)}2 cra] 2 Hy B— rion in ig. 5.4. Pups upon he thao le bk, Frm the pol/teo pls shows in Fig. S40 for Fs) ~ Gte}66) the fain coulis cate ae Corollary 5.165 1) To contrac a mat ler, we mut alas gronp Uh caja sce sero [ap and) nthe aie le | 2) Ti incarnate hn pole tn some he nt tee = = 1). Zero pasa (ad /s) tnt be nig to The sme he | 3) To have orthogonal ters which ae irr plyuonts a ach er, (Fe) = (UG), pais sy and 1/mp tat be ago “ieee spe Wie solve that sone af Ce alive condi con wt be FAT a Tr ‘sn tt, Ti partes, als wn 8 aeweat conteaditon, Ontbon nl nape ers ae gral ol pe except ho al es Shel cce,s the eve the Haar fle bk We clay the filer bs ro Esp 3.18 find tht congue Ss) (ee Hn sw) ml eta Inplersenting‘Pwo-Chaunel Filter Banke We wil tm discus dirt opins for iplenatng to shonel her Sank We wl st dic the general cae stl the apa Snpiiatone thie an psi theirs are QM, her pase a rth Wel ‘only dicate nays lier bak an pth inay be chewed with ph Polyphase two-channel ter bani. nthe girl case, with wo filers Gs} ant 2}, mec alle enh fez ns nye lor HE)= HAVENS) Ge) = Gl2)+ G2) (6.64)185 Mulicate Signal Procensing }- x120002| Le xvi, } 1g, 8.42. Tau shar bank wih pope dumps ad ft ca at ttn FT (100 Senger Pr) ‘whichis town in ig... This doy not see the hard et (2 Tips and 21) dry ar ol wre) bt i dei cn am ith (vic the tal sang Fen, 2 ‘Tw for pole fers awe nly half the hgh of he goal tor: Wea planet these ath 1/2 Sere ety awison of the “oloig nethads 1) Roseeagth iter sing shor Winogal conden lit (4 nel Sr 22, 12, 2) Bast convlntinsnng FFT isewe in Chapter or NTs (cued ‘a Chapter) 8) Using anced arithmetic concepts sessed i Chapter eh di tate attic oduct nde unary he fst eon PRT/ITT tks ns the sonal Irie "hat the Toews! eso foreach olypinse Bet wl only be dane ones ako, te ese tamara be ppd to the spectral sin a the Eo “Suponeaa a aim in ig, 2. Bat general FET soho aly ee Simone ore ly tpl Ip tha 2: however the eal ‘wan ae eth tha 2 va ing. Avot gener approach to onstrieting fst a fl wo tanner Laka ete fing wheat eal by Sle ad Here [9,90] The cen he eae er (ale ing da ing) ain a lati filer lo cmeruc wloger ler foe tM ‘ile prowrvig the prec onseneion endow, The ase arate ‘home in Fg 8 ig ing mee ry tre wi he. fh a wit Gt) AG a ak fs Pig 6-4. To cao er iphone iting od dling so bath conto ets Tor 5.11 (p 180,18 a pte remstrvction ‘ler Ink. The flowing ution ats fw Kot trie what ne ‘tea San 7} sich tha the les bk fl pee ret reton? ‘The muvee important dnt Ea ings He) =H(=) +G4-2)9129) for ny SC), (5.65) Dial iting (2) ~ Gl) + H—2)N(") for any T=), (.06) “To check, i esate the ing uation into the pert memento ‘ration fn Thee 51 (p 198) al we ace ha th cls ae {aiid if €(3) and #12) st ot the sms of Theo 5:18 (0 157] forthe lasing ler oak xe. 7. ‘he comers uf tho Delis lng lor Dank ino ing ep Spence! Example 5.17 Lifting Inpleinenta 1 of the DDS Filter ‘etter eta xa. 87 wo Darks eget Hie io The erste na (vast vm ya vie 40M) Ge Hi (CO-940-ert-ar yet evar) Msi sun) = sons an 9 dull = Wo sates = 2nint) ti OE Nee at th lly 2 piting atte eld etn I]soques alo the storm mith 2. Ths vst] nd[oa] xincen| ZH fe] ani? Fe ifort eatin of he cha 1 QHP ba (91080 Seige la sing MaxPho a relight en (othagoal ravl le wake he over aks sous of Hig and dal Bing eps, The ftunber af wales ad ars pe then depends on the oat a ing sep (ae slop goo ow eagles) aad can raeh wp o 30% Seapaee! il the diet potypae inet, This approach eens ‘Speday promising he wits ofthe lee wall [6] Om the ‘Shes hay the tie ie strata doo not allow we of eed er ‘ral (AG) eco fake les ee et plate wpoach Sil ete he sons cen. Alm he tecgurs (styphinedeemption an ng) deus sor impnave spec se id coer alpen of teal et, ai {al savings can he whee the ler te QM, Ber phase oF otog ‘vl he sendin he flog QMF implementation, For QUP [97 ne Ive found thal ecoding 1 G54), thi les tht Ae pede fers ae the same ete the sen) Pala + He) = Cf) (san) ols) = Hole) Gale) = 102) (509) Inaend of th fon ior on ig, $1 foe QME we on ed ere ional “Battery” ax shown in ig GA Tin mien show 50% OME str we nod eval al mutes, (6.00) ‘he fer can ran wit Eich el inp mpg at, "lg. 5-4. Orgel chan ke ak wing hsp FR tat Orthogonal filter banks. An rthozeal tr pat® obeys the comune tae (COP 9] cnt, defied by "aln2). (0:70) sue the tomepned FIR ile shown in Fig. 548, wo aed only lf ser of mtg. Th dle age eh we cma elt fo se decompo to ut Eh ped “Another alerts ia eltion ofthe COP bak wing the tire ken shore in Pie 548. The fling exaaple demennttten he comes of Uh dc FI ite inte ati ter. Example 8.18: Lattice Daubechies L= 1 iter Implementation 24014 yie Aye 9+V9 ‘The anf asin toch le i “Gi = (1+ ook ale” eae) 2s) — (afta — W024 =) ne (071) wi (823) me ia oe oSrte-alsaniezwen A = eT we 2 The ethos wn‘ig: 6.46 Latte alain Sr the rho uta fer Bak (199 Sonne ro {rPe sen soTs.4 16 AMMY (0 O'9) OF BEATS "Thar ory se abet fr thi nampa be Second stage [00.2579 ‘phe capa" aoela) " loefet + 120/256 3Eis & Glee tyra} = Gepree’ + “aperase aussie Py 246 The free sana rst be delayed by one er a eanieee ‘pn ath eightBieta ad He, pee Poem Iwo copate the soo he atce with the snes ply ne tation of 2 shown in Beample mp. 18 (LCs dy tw). we ‘ert both dane hae aout th tue ie (208-2 6 Lar er SSH LCs) Alsou the Ite drplementation nots only fv tile Sampath gt eis forthe plyphavepkemeratin, mente ‘iain ptync inplemestin we ean ne RAG to iplsnent the vectra ofthe tnmaponed ter, wei th tie we ml nplavent Sige nlities, whe, general ew ont Linear-phate two-channel ter bunk We hae aay sce in Char ‘that anor ter seve i sytney, of iis reser ‘a be ave The sare manly ake app for pepe doesn ‘the ltr ifthe fers hve eves ng Lundin, se ers yin a IEG) and H() hae the eame leg latices at futher dere the peta ig. 548, Noth that the Inte ileent fom the tie wo for he orthogonal fter bak tow In Pig 46 ‘Tl fling example demonstrates how to comer dt ateietine into nto le eanple 6.19: Lattice for L—4 Linenr-Phaee Fler ‘On le sonication cape 1s (p 367) wa nepal uy susan te) 0 i 648 Latin arto wai nape ethane her Mk (1908 Pinos mh muy =r ae sae yet) fc “Dh tener fbetons oe Ye tetaneemeth arr phe tice Ge) = (8 a) ale ae? +044 ae TH Mes) = (6114) ae Fale? HFA (620) Comparing 60} rth (2) Sk eee olan an al Novice Mat, competed with he dre impesetation oly about one qr ter the nse ae ese ‘The strange ofthe Hova-yhe ato ix eat otal Hen pce sue cepted. Spec (nat he even sete. Hs) tame be edd spurte nad th Slr vue of ho oat lng th ee Comparison of implementation options. Fly. Table 6.6 conspares ‘he iifset nipleenttin opts, ie nelade the ger ene td special types Rte QM, Hear pon ethos "The Table G0 shows the roel war of ples ad ade, the reference fig the mains hut tte ad the stactraliy portant ‘quot of wheter the ects cheered ing ee der ‘Zonk lading or ecru as angle alii cofieat, Foe sre ter, Thetis stents svus to i aie while for ber fer, RAG sl ost fen produce smaller and fuer dosigas, Not hat the la of [aligns end aides io Tic 60 es an Gleraie of Un lentva ia the tern not the typed mer found x the Barat or pation “sPDSP/aP sla [6,8 Been ati! patie ete loc. 0,96 100) 5.7 Wavelets A tineteeney eeesestaton of sans proceed through asf me (READ he prov beetle wl ge fcc (107001