Sharing Traffic 2G-3G

Load Base Handover 2G-3G

Cell Reselection
3G-2G
2G-3G
PUSH AMR

I insert classification level

1
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Load based Handover GSM -> WCDMA

Load of GSM cell
100%

Load reason
Handovers
for speech

Speech
Speechto
toWCDMA
WCDMA
only
onlywith
withhigh
highGSM
GSMload
load

More
Morecapacity
capacity
for
forspeech
speech

Packet
PacketData
DatatotoWCDMA
WCDMA
regardless
of
GSM
regardless of GSMload
load

Higher
Higherbit
bitrates
rates
for
fordata
datausers
users

80%
Utran
HoThScTpdc
= 80%

Packet
PacketBCCH
BCCHparameters
parameterscan
canbe
beused
used
totopush
GPRS
mobiles
to
WCDMA
push GPRS mobiles to WCDMA

0%
Soc Classification level
2
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Load & Coverage Reason Handover

Load
Loadreason
reason
Handover
Handoverfor
forspeech
speech
and
for
HSCSD
and for HSCSD
WCDMA low
loaded

GSM high
loaded

GSM
GSM

GSM
GSM
WCDMA
WCDMA

GSM
GSM

GSM
GSM
WCDMA
WCDMA

WCDMA
WCDMA
Load reason
Handover

Soc Classification level

3
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

WCDMA
WCDMAcan
canbe
beused
used
to
relieve
GSM
overload
to relieve GSM overload
GSM
GSMcan
canbe
beused
usedto
toextend
extend
WCDMA
WCDMAcoverage
coveragearea
area

GSM
GSM

GSM
GSM

Mobile moving

Coverage reason
Handover

Load based Handover Process: GSM-> WCDMA

Handover
HandoverTriggering
TriggeringThresholds
Thresholdsset
setininBSC
BSC

Inter-RAT
Inter-RATmeasurements
measurementsstarts
startsinincase
case
The
RXLEV
of
the
serving
cell
is
above
The RXLEV of the serving cell is aboveoror
below
belowthe
thegiven
giventhreshold
thresholdQsearch_C
Qsearch_C

Handover
HandoverDecision
Decisionisisdone
doneinincase
caseofof
Load
Loadofofthe
theserving
servingcell
cell>>Load_Threshold
Load_Threshold
&&CPICH
Ec/No>
min
Ec/No
CPICH Ec/No> min Ec/NoThreshold
Threshold

MS
MSselects
selectsthe
thetarget
targetUTRAN
UTRANcell
cellbased
based
on
measurement
results
on measurement results
Handover
Handovercommand
commandisissend
sendtotoMSC
MSC

Soc Classification level

4
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Parameters are sent from the BSC to the mobile

in the Measurement Information message
MS is measuring the UTRAN cells continuously
if they are defined as a neighbor ,
The number of GSM neighbor reported could be 3-6
depending on the set value of parameter
FDD_MULTIRAT_REPORT (0,1,2=def,3).

The load is measured in the cell level by comparing

the occupied TCHs to the available TCHs (20 s
interval used)
Load Threshold for Speech Calls or Transparent
Data inter-RAT Handover:
utranHoThScTpdc (Min Traffic Load TDHO),
default = 80%
minEcnoThreshold (Min CPICH EC/NO
Threshold), default 15 dB

Hidden

Changeable

ISHO 2G -> 3G Parameters

Parameter

Specification name

NSN parameter

Range

Default value

min traffic load for speech call

LOAD_THRESHOLD_FOR
_SC_IS_HO

utranHoThScTpdc (LTSC)

0-100%

80%

minimum CPICH Ec/Io level

MIN_ECNO_THRESHOLD

minEcnoThreshold

-240.5 dB

-15 dB

(MET)
min interval between unsucc ISHO
attempt

MIN_INTERVAL_BETWEE
N_UNSUCC_ISHO_ATTE
MPT

minIntUnsuccIsHo (UMIU)

0255 s

3s

threshold for multi-RAT MS

Qsearch_C

qSearchC (QSRC)

015

15 (never)
rec. 7 (always)

Specification name

Parameter explanation

Value range

Note

FDD_REP_QUANT

Indicates the reporting quantity for UTRAN

FDD cells

0=RSCP,
1=EC/NO

Not tunable,
Fixed value 1

3G_SEARCH_PRIO

Indicates if 3G cells may be searched when

BSIC decoding is required

0 = no,
1 = yes

Not tunable,
Fixed value 1

FDD_MULTIRAT_REPORTING

The number of cells from the access

technology/mode FDD that shall be included
in the measurement report

03

Not tunable,
Fixed value 2

Qsearch_C_Initial

Indicates the Qsearch value to be used in

connected mode before Qsearch_C is
received

0 = use Qsearch_I,
1 = (always)

Not tunable,
Fixed value 0

Soc Classification level

5
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Handover Control
GSM ISHO
Load Based Handover to WCDMA
Cell Reselection

Soc Classification level

6
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Cell Reselection 3G -> 2G

CPICH EcNo

UE starts GSM measurements if

CPICH Ec/No < qQualMin + sSearchRAT

SintraSearch

First ranking of all the cells based on

CPICH RSCP (WCDMA) and RSSI (GSM)

SinterSearch

Rs = CPICH RSCP + Qhyst1

Rn= Rxlev(n) - Qoffset1

SsearchRAT
qQualMin
No

Serving WCDMA cell

calculation, with
hysteresis parameter

Neighbour WCDMA or GSM

cell calculation with offset
parameter

Yes

Rn (GSM) > Rs (WCDMA)

And
Rxlev (GSM) >QrxlevMin
Second ranking only for WCDMA
cells based on CPICH Ec/No
Rs = CPICH Ec/No + Qhyst2
Rn=CPICH_Ec/No(n)-Qoffset2
Soc Classification level
7
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Cell re-selection
to GSM
Cell re-selection to
WCDMA cell of highest
R value

Cell Reselection 3G -> 2G

UE ranks the serving cell and the measured neighboring cells to find out if reselection
should be made
All the measured suitable cells (S-criteria) are included in the ranking.
Criteria for a suitable cell (S-criteria) is defined as
WCDMA intra-frequency neighbor cell:
CPICH Ec/No > AdjsQqualmin and CPICH RSCP > AdjsQrexlevmin

WCDMA inter-frequency cell:

CPICH Ec/No > AdjiQqualmin and CPICH RSCP > AdjiQrexlevmin

GSM cell:
Rxlev > Qrxlevmin

Ranking is done using Criteria R, and the UE reselects to the cell with highest Rcriteria. R-criteria is defined as:
For serving cell: Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts
For neighboring cell Rn = Qmeas,n Qoffsetts,n
Qmeas is CPICH Ec/No for WCDMA cell and RxLev for GSM cell
GSM measurements can start when CPICH Ec/Io of serving cell is below Ssearch_RAT + QqualMin
Soc Classification level
8
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Cell Reselection 2G -> 3G

Cell Reselection

List
BCCH: FDD_Qm
in, FDD_Qoffset

Qsearch_I:
0..15; 1; 7
(always)

GSM MS starts WCDMA measurements if :

RLA_C< F(Qsearch_I) for 0<Qsearch_I<=7
or
RLA_C> F(Qsearch_I) for 7<Qsearch_I<=15

check

no priorities
between
WCDMA
neighbors

at least every 5 s

Measurement Updates:
RLC_C value of the serving cell
+ least 6 strongest non serving GSM cells

If, for suitable UMTS cell

& for a period of 5 s:
CPICH RSCP > RLA_C + FDD_Qoffset

and
CPICH Ec/No FDD_Qmin

Fdd_Qoffset:
select always
(value is -infinity)

WCDMA cell
reselection
FDD_Qmin:

-20... 6; 2; -12 dB
Soc Classification level
9
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Cell Re-selection Parameters

Qsearch_I and Qsearch_P define the threshold for non-GPRS/GPRS (respectively) capable

UEs to measure 3G neighbour cells when a running average of the received downlink
signal level (RLA_C) of the serving cell is below (0-7) or above (8-15) the threshold
Value

10

14

15

dBm

-98

-94

-74

Alway
s

-78

-74

-70

-54

Never

If RLA_C < -94 UE

UE always
starts 3G
measures 3G cells

FDD_Qoffset and FDD_GPRS_Offset the non-GPRS/GPRS

measurements

If RLA_C > -70 UE

starts 3G
(respectively)
capable UEs
measurements

add this offset to the RLA_C of the GSM cells. After that the UE compares the
measured RSCP values of 3G cells with signal levels of the GSM cells
Value

14

15

dBm

-always

-28

-24

-20

24

28

Always select
irrespective
of
Soc
Classification level
10RSCP
NSN
Siemens Networks
value

Presentation / Author / Date

Reselect in case
RSCP > GSM RXLev
(RLA_C) +28dB

Cell Re-selection Example: weaker WCDMA

Non GPRS case
RSCP/
RLA_C

Idle
IdleMode
Mode

Ec/No

Cell re-selection to WCDMA

RLA_C

Serving GSM Cell

Qsearch_I =
-98 dBm
FDD_Qoffset = -8 dB

Measurements starts (serving cell)

Neighbour WCDMA Cell

FDD_Qmin=0
-12 dB

RSCP
Ec/N0
Minimum Quality Requirement for WCDMA
5 sec.

CPICH RSCP > RLA_C + FDD_Qoffset

&

CPICH Ec/No FDD_Qmin

Soc Classification level
11
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

GSM
GSM ->
-> WCDMA
WCDMA

Cell Re-selection Example: stronger WCDMA

GPRS case
RSCP/
RLA_C

Connected
ConnectedMode
Mode

Ec/No

RLA_P
Cell re-selection to WCDMA

FDD_GPRS_Qoffset
= 8 dB
Qsearch_P
= -98 dBm

Serving GSM Cell (Best)

RSCP
Measurements starts (serving cell)
FDD_Qmin
= -20 dB
Neighbour WCDMA Cell

Ec/N0

Minimum Quality Requirement for WCDMA

t
5 sec.

Soc Classification level

12
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

GSM
GSM ->
-> WCDMA
WCDMA

How to avoid ping pong ?

When phone is camped on 3G, GSM measurements can start when CPICH Ec/Io of
serving cell is below Ssearch_RAT + QqualMin.
When phone is camped on GSM, cell reselection to 3G is possible if CPICH Ec/Io of the
candidate is above FDD_Qmin.
Therefore, to avoid ping pongs between 3G and GSM the following condition should be
met:
FDD_Qmin >= QqualMin+Ssearch_RAT
CPICH Ec/Io

FDD_Qmin >=
-12 dB

QqualMin +Ssearch_RAT
Ssearch_RAT=4 dB

QqualMin=-18 dB

Camping on 3G

Camping on GSM Camping on 3G

t

Soc Classification level

13
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

PUSH AMR
Push Voice 3G-2G

Soc Classification level

14
NSN Siemens Networks

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Forced Handover for AMR Voice Call

AMR voice call setup in 3G
Feature can be used to push
3G AMR calls to 2G
Extreme parameter setting for ISHO
trigger cause UE Tx power (event 6A)

WCDMA
forced handover
to GSM

GSMcauseTxPWRUL

GSM

FMCG; 0 (no) / 1 (yes)

FMCG: GSMcauseTxPwrUL
FMCG: GsmUETxPwrThrAMR

UE

[..]

RNC
RRC: RadioBearerSetup

Remember:

RRC: RadioBearerSetupComplete
RRC: MeasurementControl
RRC: MeasurementReport (event 6A)

UE immediately answers
with Measurement Report
push means Handover, not Directed-Retry !

Soc Classification level

15
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

ISHO measurements & HO

to GSM

6A:
UE Tx power >
absolute threshold

max. allowed UE Tx Power

(e.g. 21 dBm) +
GsmUETxPwrThrAMR:
FMCG; -60..0; 1; -3 dB
here: - 60 dB !

Forced Handover for AMR Voice Call

FMCG: GSMcauseTxPwrUL
Range and step: 0 (False), 1 (True)
Indicates whether a handover to GSM caused by high UE TX power level is enabled. The
handover is enabled when the value of the parameter is "Used
To enable feature, setting must be 1 (True)

FMCG: GsmUETxPwrThrAMR
Range and step: -60..0 dB
This parameter determines the UE TX power threshold for a CS voice connection. If the
handover to GSM caused by high UE TX power level is enabled, the RNC starts inter-RAT
(GSM) measurements when the UE TX power reaches this threshold. The UE TX power
threshold is relative to the maximum TX power level an UE can use on the DPCH in the cell (or
the maximum RF output power capability of the UE, whichever is lower
To enable feature, setting must be 60 dB

Soc Classification level

16
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

THANKS

Soc Classification level

17
NSN Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date