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45 5 1 Inverse of A Matrix Using Gauss-Jordan Method

This document explains how to find the inverse of a matrix using elementary row operations. It involves writing the matrix next to an identity matrix and performing row operations to both simultaneously, such as adding rows, multiplying rows by constants, or swapping rows. The goal is to transform the left matrix into an identity matrix through these allowed operations. When this is achieved, the right matrix will have been transformed into the inverse of the original matrix. An example is shown finding the inverse of a 3x3 matrix using this method.

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517 views5 pages

45 5 1 Inverse of A Matrix Using Gauss-Jordan Method

This document explains how to find the inverse of a matrix using elementary row operations. It involves writing the matrix next to an identity matrix and performing row operations to both simultaneously, such as adding rows, multiplying rows by constants, or swapping rows. The goal is to transform the left matrix into an identity matrix through these allowed operations. When this is achieved, the right matrix will have been transformed into the inverse of the original matrix. An example is shown finding the inverse of a 3x3 matrix using this method.

Uploaded by

api-299265916
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Inverse of a Matrix

using Elementary Row Operations


Also called the Gauss-Jordan method.
This is a fun way to find the Inverse of a Matrix ...
... play around with the rows
(adding, multiplying or
swapping)
until we make Matrix A
into the Identity Matrix I.

And by ALSO doing the changes


to an
Identity Matrix it magically turns
into the Inverse!

The "Elementary Row Operations" are simple things like adding rows, multiplying and
swapping ... but let's see with an example:

Example: find the Inverse of "A":

We start with the matrix A, and write it down with an Identity Matrix I next to it:

(This is called the "Augmented Matrix")

Identity Matrix

The "Identity Matrix" is the matrix equivalent of the number "1":

A 3x3 Identity Matrix


It is "square" (has same number of rows as columns),
It has 1s on the diagonal and 0s everywhere else.
It's symbol is the capital letter I.

Now we do our best to turn "A" (the Matrix on the left) into an Identity Matrix. The goal is to
make Matrix A have 1s on the diagonal and 0s elsewhere (an Identity Matrix) ... and the
right hand side comes along for the ride, with every operation being done on it as well.
But we can only do these "Elementary Row Operations":

swap rows

multiply or divide each element in a a row by a constant

replace a row by adding or subtracting a multiple of another row to it

And we must do it to the whole row, like this:

Start with A next to I


Add row 2 to row 1,
then divide row 1 by 5,

Then take 2 times the first row, and subtract it from the second row,
Multiply second row by -1/2,
Now swap the second and third row,
Last, subtract the third row from the second row,
And we are done!

And matrix A has been made into an Identity Matrix ...


... and at the same time an Identity Matrix got made into A-1

DONE! Like magic, and just as fun as solving any puzzle.


And note: there is no "right way" to do this, just keep playing around until we
succeed!

Larger Matrices
We can do this with larger matrices, for example, try this 4x4 matrix:

Start Like this:

Why it Works
I like to think of it this way:

when we turn "8" into "1" by dividing by 8,

and do the same thing to "1", it turns into


"1/8"

And "1/8" is the (multiplicative) inverse of 8

Or, more technically:


The total effect of all the row operations is the same
-1
as multiplying by A
-1

So A becomes I (because A A = I)
-1
-1
-1
And I becomes A (because A I = A )

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