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Imits Involving Trigonometric Functions: Example 1: Evaluate

The document discusses differentiation rules for trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions. It provides the following differentiation rules: 1) The derivatives of the basic trigonometric functions sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), cot(x), sec(x), and csc(x) along with examples of applying the rules. 2) The derivatives of exponential functions f(x)=e^x and logarithmic functions along with examples. 3) Examples are provided that apply the differentiation rules to find derivatives of more complex trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic expressions.

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Larry Cubillas
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36 views9 pages

Imits Involving Trigonometric Functions: Example 1: Evaluate

The document discusses differentiation rules for trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions. It provides the following differentiation rules: 1) The derivatives of the basic trigonometric functions sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), cot(x), sec(x), and csc(x) along with examples of applying the rules. 2) The derivatives of exponential functions f(x)=e^x and logarithmic functions along with examples. 3) Examples are provided that apply the differentiation rules to find derivatives of more complex trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic expressions.

Uploaded by

Larry Cubillas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

imits Involving Trigonometric Functions


The trigonometric functions sine and cosine have four important limit properties:

You can use these properties to evaluate many limit problems involving the six basic
trigonometric functions.
Example 1: Evaluate

Substituting 0 for x, you find that cos x approaches 1 and sin x 3 approaches 3;
hence,

Example 2: Evaluate
Because cot x = cos x/sin x, you find
The numerator approaches 1 and
the denominator approaches 0 through positive values because we are approaching 0 in
the first quadrant; hence, the function increases without bound and
the function has a vertical asymptote at x = 0.
Example 3: Evaluate
Multiplying the numerator and the denominator by 4 produces

Example 4: Evaluate

Because sec x = 1/cos x, you find that

and

Example 1: Find f( x) iff( x) = cos 1(5 x).

Example 2: Find y if

Differentiation of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions


Exponential functions and their corresponding inverse functions, calledlogarithmic
functions, have the following differentiation formulas:

Note that the exponential function f( x) = e x has the special property that its derivative is
the function itself, f( x) = e x = f( x).
Example 1: Find f( x) if

Example 2: Find y if

Example 3: Find f( x) if f( x) = 1n(sin x).

Example 4: Find

if y=log 10(4 x 2 3 x 5).

Trigonometric Function Differentiation

The six trigonometric functions also have differentiation formulas that can be used in
application problems of the derivative. The rules are summarized as follows:
1. If f( x) = sin x, then f( x) = cos x
2. If f( x) = cos x, then f( x) = sin x
3. If f( x) = tan x, then f( x) = sec 2 x
4. If f( x) = cot x, then f( x) = csc 2 x.
5. If f( x) = sec x, then f( x) = sec x tan x
6. If f( x) = csc x, then f( x) = csc x cot x
Note that rules (3) to (6) can be proven using the quotient rule along with the given
function expressed in terms of the sine and cosine functions, as illustrated in the
following example.

Example 1: Use the definition of the tangent function and the quotient rule to prove
if f( x) = tan x, than f( x) = sec 2 x.

Example 2: Find y if y = x 3 cot x.

Example 3: Find

if f( x) = 5 sin x + cos x.

Example 4: Find the slope of the tangent line to the curve y = sin x at the point (/2,1)
Because the slope of the tangent line to a curve is the derivative, you find that y = cos x;
hence, at (/2,1), y = cos /2 = 0, and the tangent line has a slope 0 at the point

(/2,1). Note that the geometric interpretation of this result is that the tangent line is
horizontal at this point on the graph of y = sin x.

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