Navier-Stokes

∂ρ
+ ∇.( ρv ) = 0 (a
∂t
' (" +$ !&) '* & !"# $ $ %& $ '( ∇.( ρv )
∂ 1 ∂ ∂ ∂A A 1 ∂Ar ∂Az
∇. A = (ir + iθ + i z ).(ir Ar + iθ Aθ + i z Az ) = r + r + +
∂r r ∂θ ∂z ∂r r r ∂θ ∂z
∂i r ∂i z ∂i ∂i ∂i
= = 0, r = iθ , θ = 0, θ = −i r , ir .ir = iθ .iθ = i z .i z = 1
∂r ∂z ∂θ ∂r ∂θ
' 0 1 4 !5 , !6 ."7 " % $3 $ 20 1 A = ρv ." !$ +$/' 0 1 ∇.( ρv ) ,-
89
∂ ρv 1 ∂ ( ρvθ ) ∂
∇.( ρv ) = ( ρv r ) + r + + ( ρv z ) (b
∂r r r ∂θ ∂z
'" ' +6 ."7 " % a b !:
∂ρ ∂ ρv 1 ∂ ( ρvθ ) ∂
+ ( ρv r ) + r + + ( ρv z ) = 0
∂t ∂r r r ∂θ ∂z
∂ρ
'" =0 ρ = cte + "<29 $ !"; * '6 !& 4 !:
∂t
∂ v 1 ∂vθ ∂
vr + r + + ( ρv z ) = 0
∂r r r ∂θ ∂z

Navier-Stokes > =
6'*
DV
ρ = ρ f b − ∇ p + µ ∇ 2V
Dt
32"? 8 $ f i = m.a i $ # 6
3' (" +$ r ,θ , z 2" $ > $ $
DV
' +6 @ 2 2$
Dt
2 2
Dv r vθ ∂v ∂v v ∂v r ∂v v
ar = − = r + vr r + θ + vz r − θ
Dt r ∂t ∂r r ∂θ ∂z r
Dvθ v r vθ ∂vθ ∂v v ∂v ∂v vv
aθ = + = + vr θ + θ θ + v z θ + r θ
Dt r ∂t ∂r r ∂θ ∂z r
Dv z ∂v z ∂v v ∂v ∂v
az = = + vr z + θ z + v z z
Dt ∂t ∂r r ∂θ ∂z

'" ? 8 2$ ∇ 2 = ∇.∇ 2 4
∂ 1 ∂ ∂ ∂ 1 ∂ ∂
∇ 2 = ∇.∇ = ir + iθ + iz . ir + iθ + iz
∂r r ∂θ ∂z ∂r r ∂θ ∂z
∂2 1 ∂i r ∂ ∂2 ∂iθ 1 ∂ 1 ∂2 ∂2
= + iθ + i r + + iθ +
∂r 2 r ∂θ ∂r ∂θ∂r ∂θ r ∂θ r ∂θ 2 ∂z 2
 ∂2 1 ∂ 1 ∂2 ∂2
= + + +
∂r 2 r ∂r r 2 ∂θ 2 ∂z 2
1 ∂ ∂ 1 ∂2 ∂2
= r + 2 +
r ∂r ∂r r ∂θ 2 ∂z 2
A+" $ % & $
∂i r ∂i z ∂i ∂i ∂i
= = 0, r = iθ , θ = 0, θ = −i r , ir .ir = iθ .iθ = i z .i z = 1
∂r ∂z ∂θ ∂r ∂θ
89 ' 0 1 ' (" +$ z !:
∂ 2 v z 1 ∂v z 1 ∂ 2vz ∂ 2vz
∇ 2vz = + + + 2
∂r 2 r ∂r r 2 ∂θ 2 ∂z
$ 8 !$ !$ θ r
∂ 2 vθ 1 ∂vθ 1 ∂ 2 vθ ∂ 2 vθ
∇ 2 vθ = + + +
∂r 2 r ∂r r 2 ∂θ 2 ∂z 2
2 ∂ 2 v r 1 ∂v r 1 ∂ 2 vr ∂ 2 vr
∇ vr = + + + 2
∂r 2 r ∂r r 2 ∂θ 2 ∂z
# 2+& 6 2"? B* % $ !"# r ,θ
vr 2 ∂vθ vθ 2 ∂v r
, ,
r 2 r 2 ∂θ r 2 r 2 ∂θ
DV
32+"? 8 2$ !"# / !0 ∇ 2 = ∇.∇ !" , !6 ; "% $
Dt
∂ v 1 ∂vθ ∂
vr + r + + ( ρv z ) = 0
∂r r r ∂θ ∂z
∂v r ∂v r 1 ∂v r ∂v
ρ + vr + − vθ vθ + r v z − ρf r
∂t ∂r r ∂θ ∂z
∂ 2 v r 1 ∂v r 1 1 ∂ 2 vr ∂ 2 vr 2 ∂v ∂P
−µ 2
+ − v
2 r
+ 2 2
+ 2 − 2 θ + = 0,
∂r r ∂r r r ∂z ∂z r ∂θ ∂r
∂vθ ∂vθ 1 ∂vθ ∂v
ρ + vr + − v r vθ + θ v z − ρf θ
∂t ∂r r ∂θ ∂z
∂ 2 vθ 1 ∂vθ 1 1 ∂ 2 vθ ∂ 2 vθ 2 ∂v 1 ∂P
−µ 2
+ − 2 vθ + 2 2
+ 2
− 2 r + = 0,
∂r r ∂r r r ∂θ ∂z r ∂θ r ∂r
∂v z ∂v z 1 ∂v z ∂v
ρ + vr + vθ + z v z − ρf z
∂t ∂r r ∂θ ∂z
∂ 2 v z 1 ∂v z 1 ∂ 2vz ∂ 2vz ∂P
−µ 2
+ + 2 2
+ 2 + = 0,
∂r r ∂r r ∂θ ∂z ∂z
 Blasius

2 f ′′(η) + f (η).f ′ (µ) = 0

#! C" !9
η =0 / f (η ) = 0 / f ′(η ) = 0
η =∞ / f ′(η ) = 1

Y =∞ , X=0
η →∞
u
= f ′ =1
U∞
' +6 D!5
a) f′=G
b) G′ = H
1
c) H ′ = − f .H
2
$ "2 & #! C" !9 ." !$ +$
f (0) = 0
f ′(0) = G (0) = 0
f ′(∞) = G (∞) = 1
3'" 2* !*? 2 6 29 $ H(0) EF AG
2 ."
f ′′(0) = H (0) = λ
& '"! : !H*
f ′(∞) = G (∞) = 1
3 9
38 J ! shooting technique $ I ."
3' +6 ) K (" * *!$ L*? # ' * $ & ' (" * ) $ a,b,c >
a)
f′=G
f i +1 − f i
= Gi f i +1 = f i + Gi • ∆η
∆η
b)
G′ = H
Gi +1 − Gi
= Hi G i +1 = G i + H i • ∆ µ
∆η

H i +1 − H i
H i′ = H i +1 = H i + H i′ • ∆η
∆η

c)
1 1
H′ = − f •H H i′+1 = − f i +1 • H i +1
2 2
1
H′ = E Ei +1 = − f i +1 • H i +1
2
 ,!&!5 *!$ 26

*!$ % !1
MOHAMMAD SADEGH ROOZEGAR & REZA MAGHSOODI

-------output file

1 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.332100

2 5.00000E-02 0.00000 1.660500E-02 0.332100
3 0.100000 8.302500E-04 3.321000E-02 0.332100
4 0.150000 2.490750E-03 4.981500E-02 0.332100
5 0.200000 4.981500E-03 6.642000E-02 0.332093
6 0.250000 8.302500E-03 8.302466E-02 0.332072
7 0.300000 1.245373E-02 9.962828E-02 0.332031
8 0.350000 1.743515E-02 0.116230 0.331962
9 0.400000 2.324664E-02 0.132828 0.331859
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11 0.500000 3.735908E-02 0.166007 0.331521
12 0.550000 4.565941E-02 0.182583 0.331273
13 0.600000 5.478854E-02 0.199146 0.330964
14 0.650000 6.474586E-02 0.215695 0.330586
15 0.700000 7.553058E-02 0.232224 0.330132
16 0.750000 8.714177E-02 0.248730 0.329597
17 0.800000 9.957828E-02 0.265210 0.328974
18 0.850000 0.112839 0.281659 0.328256
19 0.900000 0.126922 0.298072 0.327437
20 0.950000 0.141825 0.314444 0.326511
21 1.00000 0.157548 0.330769 0.325472
22 1.05000 0.174086 0.347043 0.324314
23 1.10000 0.191438 0.363258 0.323032
24 1.15000 0.209601 0.379410 0.321621
25 1.20000 0.228572 0.395491 0.320075
26 1.25000 0.248346 0.411495 0.318389
27 1.30000 0.268921 0.427414 0.316560
28 1.35000 0.290292 0.443242 0.314584
29 1.40000 0.312454 0.458971 0.312455
30 1.45000 0.335402 0.474594 0.310172
31 1.50000 0.359132 0.490103 0.307732
32 1.55000 0.383637 0.505489 0.305131
33 1.60000 0.408912 0.520746 0.302368
34 1.65000 0.434949 0.535864 0.299441
35 1.70000 0.461742 0.550836 0.296350
36 1.75000 0.489284 0.565654 0.293094
37 1.80000 0.517567 0.580309 0.289673
38 1.85000 0.546582 0.594792 0.286088
39 1.90000 0.576322 0.609097 0.282340
40 1.95000 0.606776 0.623214 0.278431
41 2.00000 0.637937 0.637135 0.274363
42 2.05000 0.669794 0.650853 0.270139
43 2.10000 0.702337 0.664360 0.265764
44 2.15000 0.735555 0.677649 0.261240
45 2.20000 0.769437 0.690711 0.256574
46 2.25000 0.803973 0.703539 0.251770
47 2.30000 0.839150 0.716128 0.246834
48 2.35000 0.874956 0.728470 0.241774
49 2.40000 0.911379 0.740558 0.236596
50 2.45000 0.948407 0.752388 0.231307
51 2.50000 0.986027 0.763953 0.225917
52 2.55000 1.02422 0.775249 0.220432
 53 2.60000 1.06299 0.786271 0.214863
54 2.65000 1.10230 0.797014 0.209219
55 2.70000 1.14215 0.807475 0.203509
56 2.75000 1.18252 0.817650 0.197743
57 2.80000 1.22341 0.827538 0.191932
58 2.85000 1.26478 0.837134 0.186087
59 2.90000 1.30664 0.846439 0.180216
60 2.95000 1.34896 0.855449 0.174332
61 3.00000 1.39174 0.864166 0.168445
62 3.05000 1.43494 0.872588 0.162566
63 3.10000 1.47857 0.880717 0.156705
64 3.15000 1.52261 0.888552 0.150873
65 3.20000 1.56704 0.896096 0.145081
66 3.25000 1.61184 0.903350 0.139338
67 3.30000 1.65701 0.910317 0.133654
68 3.35000 1.70252 0.916999 0.128040
69 3.40000 1.74837 0.923401 0.122503
70 3.45000 1.79454 0.929526 0.117053
71 3.50000 1.84102 0.935379 0.111699
72 3.55000 1.88779 0.940964 0.106447
73 3.60000 1.93484 0.946286 0.101306
74 3.65000 1.98215 0.951352 9.628241E-02
75 3.70000 2.02972 0.956166 9.138213E-02
76 3.75000 2.07753 0.960735 8.661097E-02
77 3.80000 2.12557 0.965065 8.197397E-02
78 3.85000 2.17382 0.969164 7.747555E-02
79 3.90000 2.22228 0.973038 7.311952E-02
80 3.95000 2.27093 0.976694 6.890908E-02
81 4.00000 2.31976 0.980139 6.484678E-02
82 4.05000 2.36877 0.983382 6.093460E-02
83 4.10000 2.41794 0.986428 5.717387E-02
84 4.15000 2.46726 0.989287 5.356536E-02
85 4.20000 2.51673 0.991965 5.010929E-02
86 4.25000 2.56632 0.994471 4.680530E-02
87 4.30000 2.61605 0.996811 4.365251E-02
88 4.35000 2.66589 0.998994 4.064957E-02
89 4.40000 2.71584 1.00103 3.779465E-02
90 4.45000 2.76589 1.00292 3.508547E-02
91 4.50000 2.81603 1.00467 3.251937E-02
92 4.55000 2.86627 1.00630 3.009330E-02
93 4.60000 2.91658 1.00780 2.780391E-02
94 4.65000 2.96697 1.00919 2.564753E-02
95 4.70000 3.01743 1.01047 2.362022E-02
96 4.75000 3.06796 1.01165 2.171783E-02
97 4.80000 3.11854 1.01274 1.993602E-02
98 4.85000 3.16918 1.01374 1.827028E-02
99 4.90000 3.21986 1.01465 1.671600E-02
 ,!&!5 % !1 0 B* '

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2
f
1
f'
0.8
f"
0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

M ( $ 4 N" *!$ 26
 M ( $ 4 N" *!$ % !1
i d f f' f"
1 0 0 0 0.3321
2 0.05 0.000415 0.016605 0.3321
3 0.1 0.001661 0.03321 0.3321
4 0.15 0.003736 0.049815 0.332097
5 0.2 0.006642 0.066419 0.332083
6 0.25 0.010378 0.083023 0.332052
7 0.3 0.014944 0.099624 0.331997
8 0.35 0.02034 0.116222 0.33191
9 0.4 0.026566 0.132814 0.331786
10 0.45 0.033622 0.149399 0.331618
11 0.5 0.041506 0.165975 0.331397
12 0.55 0.050219 0.182537 0.331119
13 0.6 0.05976 0.199085 0.330775
14 0.65 0.070127 0.215613 0.330359
15 0.7 0.08132 0.232119 0.329865
16 0.75 0.093338 0.248597 0.329286
17 0.8 0.10618 0.265045 0.328615
18 0.85 0.119842 0.281457 0.327847
19 0.9 0.134325 0.297827 0.326974
20 0.95 0.149624 0.314151 0.325992
21 1 0.165739 0.330423 0.324894
22 1.05 0.182666 0.346638 0.323675
23 1.1 0.200402 0.362788 0.322328
24 1.15 0.218943 0.378867 0.32085
25 1.2 0.238287 0.394869 0.319235
26 1.25 0.258429 0.410787 0.317479
27 1.3 0.279364 0.426614 0.315578
28 1.35 0.301089 0.442341 0.313526
29 1.4 0.323597 0.457962 0.311322
30 1.45 0.346883 0.473469 0.308962
31 1.5 0.370941 0.488855 0.306444
32 1.55 0.395766 0.50411 0.303764
33 1.6 0.42135 0.519227 0.300923
34 1.65 0.447686 0.534198 0.297917
35 1.7 0.474767 0.549015 0.294747
36 1.75 0.502585 0.563669 0.291413
37 1.8 0.531131 0.578152 0.287915
38 1.85 0.560397 0.592456 0.284253
39 1.9 0.590374 0.606573 0.28043
40 1.95 0.621051 0.620495 0.276448
41 2 0.65242 0.634214 0.272309
42 2.05 0.684469 0.647722 0.268017
43 2.1 0.717189 0.661012 0.263575
44 2.15 0.750567 0.674076 0.258989
45 2.2 0.784592 0.686907 0.254263
46 2.25 0.819253 0.699499 0.249403
47 2.3 0.854538 0.711844 0.244416
48 2.35 0.890434 0.723937 0.239308
49 2.4 0.926928 0.735772 0.234086
50 2.45 0.964007 0.747343 0.228759
51 2.5 1.001657 0.758646 0.223335
52 2.55 1.039867 0.769675 0.217821
53 2.6 1.07862 0.780426 0.212229
54 2.65 1.117904 0.790896 0.206566
55 2.7 1.157705 0.801081 0.200843
56 2.75 1.198008 0.810979 0.19507
57 2.8 1.238798 0.820587 0.189257
58 2.85 1.280062 0.829904 0.183415
59 2.9 1.321784 0.838928 0.177554
60 2.95 1.36395 0.847659 0.171684
61 3 1.406545 0.856097 0.165817
62 3.05 1.449554 0.864241 0.159963
63 3.1 1.492964 0.872093 0.154132
64 3.15 1.536759 0.879655 0.148335
65 3.2 1.580925 0.886928 0.142582
66 3.25 1.625447 0.893915 0.136883
67 3.3 1.670311 0.900618 0.131248
68 3.35 1.715504 0.907041 0.125686
69 3.4 1.761011 0.913189 0.120205
70 3.45 1.806818 0.919064 0.114815
71 3.5 1.852913 0.924673 0.109523
72 3.55 1.899281 0.930019 0.104336
73 3.6 1.94591 0.935109 0.099263
74 3.65 1.992788 0.939948 0.094309
75 3.7 2.039901 0.944543 0.08948
76 3.75 2.087238 0.9489 0.084782
77 3.8 2.134787 0.953025 0.080218
78 3.85 2.182537 0.956925 0.075794
79 3.9 2.230476 0.960608 0.071513
80 3.95 2.278594 0.96408 0.067377
81 4 2.326881 0.967349 0.06339
82 4.05 2.375326 0.970423 0.059552
83 4.1 2.42392 0.973308 0.055864
84 4.15 2.472654 0.976013 0.052328
85 4.2 2.521518 0.978544 0.048942
86 4.25 2.570505 0.980911 0.045708
87 4.3 2.619607 0.983119 0.042623
88 4.35 2.668815 0.985177 0.039685
89 4.4 2.718122 0.987091 0.036894
90 4.45 2.767522 0.98887 0.034246
91 4.5 2.817007 0.990519 0.031739
92 4.55 2.866571 0.992047 0.02937
93 4.6 2.91621 0.99346 0.027134
94 4.65 2.965916 0.994764 0.02503
95 4.7 3.015684 0.995966 0.023051
96 4.75 3.065511 0.997072 0.021195
97 4.8 3.11539 0.998088 0.019458
98 4.85 3.165318 0.99902 0.017833
99 4.9 3.215291 0.999874 0.016318
100 4.95 3.265304 1.000655 0.014907
 1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2
f
1
f'
0.8
f"
0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

τω
#! "> M" 2 +6 8$ R 38 2 $ $ 9!$ O+& $ # '0 P A F Q"! cf ' * (
1 / 2 ρU 2
0.730
38 cf =
Rex

'" % EB% 2+- 8 ! S"# & M" D!5 $

u 2y y2 y
= − η=
U δ δ2 δ
u ∂u 2 µU
= 2η − η 2 τω = µ y =0 , τw =
U ∂y δ

'" EB% 2+- ." !$ ! " J!T #

δ 5.48 2 µU Rex
= τω =
χ Reχ 5.48 χ

τω 4µU Reχ 4µ Reχ 4 / 5.48 0.730

cf = 2
= 2
= = =
1 / 2 ρU 5.48χρU 5.48χρU Reχ Reχ