ROAD CONSTUCTION

METHODs
Presented by

Group –5
Himgiri Yadav
Kamal nabh tripathi
Mohd. Sharique Pervez
Mamta
Supriya Pal
 What is a road?

Road is a pathway used by the people to

travel from one place to other in a
shortest possible way with maximum
riding comfort.
Why we needs roads?
It contribute in the following ways:-
It contribute to the economic
development.
It contribute to the industrial
development.
It help in the social and cultural
development.
It interconnect all area and thus facilitate
us to travel from one place to other.
why we needs good transportation
system?
We need because of the:
 Demand for transport infrastructure is rising by
around 10% a year.
 India has 1% of traffic and about 8% of worlds
fatalities.
 Average bus speed in metro cities is about 10-
12km/hr.
 Automobile sector area increases from 6.3
million in 2002-2003 to 11.2 million in 2008-
2009.
 Mumbai

Traffic is increasing very fast

OLD ROAD
Road construction methods:-
Various method under this heading are:-
 Earth road method.
 Gravel road method.
 Water Bound Macadam method.
 Bituminous method.
 Concrete Cement road method.
Earth road method
It mainly consist of mainly earth as raw
material which is to be compacted.
It is the cheapest type of road prepared
from natural soil.
It has high camber and cross slope to
avoid erosion due to water in rainy
season.
Construction Procedure
It consist of :-
Clearing of site .
Excavation and construction of fills to bring the road
to a desired grade.
Shaping the subgrade.
Then the borrowed soil (it consist of mixture of two
or more near soil) is dump on the subgrade and well
compacted ,depth not exceed 10 cm .
Make the soil upto O.M.C level.
After this it is allowed to dry for few days before
opening to traffic.
Merits
It has following merits:-
It is cheap.
It has easy construction.
It can be build with less skill.
Demerits of Earth Road
Its demerits contains:-
 It has low bearing capacity .
 Mainly for poor places.
 It get eroded vary quickly.
 It become slippery when wet.
Gravel road method
It mainly consist of crushed stone as their
raw material.
It is superior to earth road .
It consist of two method:

A. Feather edge type:- In this the subgrade

is uneven and the construction is done
over it to obtain the desired cross slope.
B. Trench type:- In this subgrade is
prepared by excavating a shallow trench.
Procedure for construction
It consist of the :-
 Clean the area.
 Make the subgrade upto desired cross slope.
 Crushed gravel aggregates are placed carefully
in the trench so as to avoid segregation .
 Provide proper camber.
 Some water may be used to make there
compaction effective.
 Left for few days before opening.
Demerits
Its demerits are:-
 It does not provide comfortable ride.
 It become detereoted very soon.
 It can not hold very heavy traffic.
 It can not hold rain.
Merits
Its merits are:-
 It is superior to earth road.
 It does not become slippery when wet.
 It maintenance coast is low.
 It can hold medium traffic.
 It is easily constructed.
 It is cheap.
Water Bound Macadam Road Method

 It was develop by the John Macadam(1756-1836)and was

first person to suggest that heavy foundation stones are not
at all necessary to be placed at the bottom layer of
construction .
 He uses water as the binding material.
 He uses different grades of stone for different layer.

Important Introduction
 sub grade drainage
 Good compaction.
 It uses scientific knowledge which says that in flexible
pavement stress is transfer by grain to grain or layer to
layer method.
Construction Procedure
It consist of the following procedure:
 Preparation of foundation for receiving the WBM
coarse.
 Spreading of coarse aggregates.
 Rolling and compaction.
 Sprinkling and Grouting .
 Binding material’s application.
 Setting and Drying.
 Checking of surface evenness and Rectification of
defects.
Merits
 It has following merits:
 It provide base coarse for top surface.
 It can be used with little care.
 It is a cheap method.
 It introduce the concept of sub-base drainage.
Demerits
It has following demerits:-
 It detereoted very easily.
 It can not be used without surface covering.
 It aggregates get loose when water loose from
them.
Bituminous Road Method
 It is the most common type of road construction.
 It main purpose is to protect the sub-base coarse
from wearing and tearing and to provide a smooth
riding comfort.
 It has no. of method. They are:-

1. Bituminous surface dressing:- It is provided

over an existing surface to serve as thin wearing
coat. It serve as water proof pavement. Dust proof
in wet season and mud proof in wet season.
2. Penetration Macadam: It is used as a base or
binder coarse. In this bitumen is used as a cementing
material to bind the aggregates and as a filler to fill the
void.
3. Built –up spray grout: It consist of two layer
composite construction of compacted crushed
aggregates with application of bituminous binder after
each layer for bonding and finished with key aggregates
at the top to provide a total compacted thickness of
75mm.
4. Bituminous Macadam: it is premixed construction
method consisting of one or more coarse of compacted
crushed aggregates premixed with bituminous binder .
It consist of thickness of 75mm. It should be cover with
suitable cover.
5. Bituminous Premixed carpet: It consist of
coarse aggregates of 12.5 and 10mm size premixed
with bitumen and composed to a thickness of about
20mm. It should be covered by a suitable seal coat. It
aggregates consist of size between 20mm to 6.3mm.
6. Bituminous Concrete: it is a dense graded
premixed bituminous mixture which is well
compacted to form a high quality pavement surface
course. Thickness ranges from 90 to 75mm. IRC has
provided specification for 40mm thick bituminous
concrete surface coarse for highway construction.
Construction Procedure
 All method has nearly same construction procedure.
Common steps to all the methods are:-
 Preparation of existing surface .
 Spreading of coarse aggregates.
 Rolling .
 Seal coat / Track coat.
 Surfacing finishing .
 Opening of traffic.
Merits
It has following merits:-
 It is cheap.
 It provide good riding comfort.
 It hold the aggregates well.
 It prevent the wearing of sub-base.
Demerits
It has following demerits:-
 It get detereoted.
 It design life in not long.
 It require frequent maintenance for heavy
traffic.
Concrete and cement road method
• It mainly consist of concrete & cement in its
construction.
• It has nearly same concept of laying road slab as in
the building slab.
• CC construction can be divided into :-
1. Construction of pavement slab:- In this we are
concern about the construction of the road slab.
2. Construction of joints:- In this we are concern
about the construction of the joints between the
road the slab.
CC has two modes of construction which are:-
1. Alternate bay method :- In this we
make alternate block of CC on the both lane
in the same time , leaving gaps between
them. It is usually not prefer today's.
2. Continuous bay method :- In this we
make a lane upto certain length and the next
lane is completed afterward. This is now
days in practice.
Construction Procedure
It has the following steps:-
 Preparation of subgrade & sub-base . It include-
1. Moist the sub-base in advance of placing
concrete.
2. Sub-base should be well compacted and does
not contain any soft spot.
3. It should have proper drained facility.
 Placing of forms- Steel and wooden forms
should be properly connected to the slab.
 Batching of materials in this the aggregates
are
 graded to calculate the amount of cement require.
 Placing of concrete in this the concrete is properly
placed over the sub-base.
 Compacting and Finishing in this concrete is
compacted with the help of vibrator. It has two method-
A. Floating and Straight edges.
B. Belting, Brooming and Edging.
 Curing in this concrete is kept moist for about 28
days. It has two types:-
A. Initial curing.
B. Final curing
Colure full cement Plain concrete

Cement-concrete road
Merits
 It give best riding comfort.
 It is long design life.
 Further all the characteristic of road can be
easily predicted.
 It can bear any type of load.
 It does not get easily detereoted.
 It has sufficient friction both in wet and dry
condition.
Demerits
It has high initial cost.
It maintenance coast is high.
It require time for completion.
It require great skill.
It maintenance time is also large.
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