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Half Adder

A half adder is a combinational logic circuit that adds two bits and outputs the sum and carry. It takes in two input bits, x and y, and outputs the sum (S) and carry (C). The sum is calculated as x XOR y, and the carry is calculated as x AND y.

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32 views1 page

Half Adder

A half adder is a combinational logic circuit that adds two bits and outputs the sum and carry. It takes in two input bits, x and y, and outputs the sum (S) and carry (C). The sum is calculated as x XOR y, and the carry is calculated as x AND y.

Uploaded by

Anonymous YsVh1JJY9T
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HALF ADDER

Half adder is a combinational circuit which is capable of adding two bits.

x S
x y C S
Half Adder
0 0 0 0
(HA)
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 y C
1 1 1 0

S = x' y + x y' = x ⊕ y
C=xy

A
∑
B

Cout

These changes made it possible to develop successfully a new set of architectures with
simpler instructions, called RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architectures, in the
early 1980s. The RISC-based machines focused the attention of designers on two critical
performance techniques, the exploitation of instruction-level parallelism (initially through
pipelining and later through multiple instruction issue) and the use of caches (initially in
simple forms and later using more sophisticated organizations and optimizations).
The RISC-based computers raised the performance bar, forcing prior architectures to
keep up or disappear. The Digital Equipment Vax could not, and so it was replaced by a
RISC architecture. Intel rose to the challenge, primarily by translating x86 (or IA-32)
instructions into RISC-like instructions internally, allowing it to adopt many of the
innovations first pioneered in the RISC designs. As transistor counts soared in the late
1990s, the hardware overhead of translating the more complex x86 architecture became
negligible.

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