Food acceptance involves appetite and preference as well as hunger and need for

sustenance. More importantly, however, proper nutrition becomes the prime consideration
when planning the foods to be served in school canteens or cafeterias. With this as the primary
objective, it is likely that taste of food does not cater to the preferences and eating habits of the
students and acceptance becomes difficult.

In this particular study therefore, acceptance of school canteen services is determined

by the degree of patronage by the school community particularly the students who compose
the bulk of the school population. Students eat in the school canteen for several reasons: the
food itself, the price of the food, and the ambience, to have a few.

In a study by Navarro (1979), she found out that 60% of the students in the public
secondary schools of manila eat their snacks and lunch at their respective school canteens,
while 15% regularly supplement food at home. Navarro attributed the high level of patronage
to the nutritious food and faculty. This traced to the anticipating ability of the canteen manager
to prepare and sell food which are both commonly and not commonly prepared and served at
home. Patronage, according to Navarro, is enhanced by the quality of food and the quality of
service. If the canteen is tasked to serve the food and drinks of the visitors and guess during
special occasions, the canteen will improve its degree of patronage.

On the whole, she concluded that the canteen is effective when it enjoys a high level of
patronage, and when it offers quality food that are nutritious yet cheap and affordable to the
students.

Thesis

Title- acceptability of the canteen service in lumping teacher college , Thailand

Author- Srisuwan, Kano kwan

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

                     This chapter consists of information culled from studies and literature, both local
and foreign, from which this particular study is premised.  This will certainly help in giving the
reader a better understanding of what green marketing is and how corporations use this as a
marketing strategy in selling their products.
 

Foreign Literature
            An increasing number of consumers have voiced their concerns for environmental
deterioration. The environment is not what it used to be a hundred years ago. Because of
careless activities by humans, the environment has been constantly and continuously
corrupted. Specific causes for concern about the environment degradation due to varied
technological and production processes, pollution of air and water, and endangerment and
extinction of species critical to human sustenance and aesthetics, population explosion,
resource depletion, over harvesting of natural resources and the general degradation of social
environment due to impairments of the physical environment (, 1992; , 1992).
            Consumers have had enough of these wrongful practices and hence, consumers are now
actively seeking environmental performance in the products and services that communicate
environmental responsibility and stewardship ( 1999). In major international markets,
consumers are demanding that firms produce increasingly higher quality products and services
that are consistent with societal and environmental values if they wish to remain competitive in
global markets ( 2000). Hence, consumers have become more discriminating...for green
products and services (, 2001). A study shows that 66% of respondents have switched product
brands in an effort to obtain more environmentally sound products (, 1995). The general public
is concerned about the environment and that the majority of people see the integration of
environment and economy as a win-win scenario (, 1996). As consumers demand more green
products and services, corporations are finding the going green makes good business sense as
well as good environmental sense (  1997). Stakeholders, such as suppliers, government
agencies, and other strategic partners, as a result, become much more concerned with the
corporation’s overall reputation when selecting firms to create alliances ( , 1996).
            Because of the new trend in green products and services, green marketing represents
both a vast opportunity and a potential minefield to all kinds of businesses (1999). Companies
worldwide have used green marketing to bolster market share. Green marketing is a global
development – especially in industrialized countries. With growing consumer awareness
throughout the world, green marketing ...will become a powerful force in society ( 1996).
            As more and more consumers are realizing the magnitude of this movement,
corporations are jumping on the green bandwagon for a variety of reasons such as 1) cost
cutting via waste reduction and increasing efficiency of operations 2) stay ahead of increasingly
tough environmental regulations and enforcement policies and 3) improve corporate image and
public relation (, 1999). Stressed manufacturers who can produce substitute for existing
products...are likely to succeed ( 1998).
            There is a growing evidence that suggests that enhancing environmental performance is
both socially responsible and rational and builds the corporations reputational advantage (,
1997). Further, there is a strong support that being a good environmental steward helps creates
a reputational advantage that leads to enhance marketing and financial performance.
Monsanto’s CEO  suggests that environmental sustainability, defined as the ability of a business
to operate without degrading the future integrity of the natural  environment, is a core strategy
designed to enhance long-term corporate performance (1997). Companies that treat
environmental issues as bottom-line concerns will prosper in an era when consumers and
governmental mandates will force them to comply with a clean and green ethics ( 1996).
            As companies become better environmental citizens, they have discovered that sound
environmental policy makes them more profitable. If they pollute less, they are subject to less
fines and waste less raw materials and by-products. If they use less packaging, they lower the
cost of the product and boost its profitability. If they reduce the amount  of materials needed to
make a product, the same result is achieved. The German manufacturer AEG boosted sales 30
percent in 1989 ( in six months) after it introduced a washing machine that used less detergent
and energy (, 1996).
            As the current trend goes to green, several interesting green marketing facts are worth
to mention. First, the number of green products in the US more that doubled since the early
90’s ( , 1997) second, sales of these kinds of good in the US have tripled since 1991 and now
exceed $100 billion each year (, 1998). Third, since 1996, green product introductions have
grown from 8.9% to 10.0% in 1998 (, 1998). Fourth, in 1991, in Business magazine counted 11
green retailers in the US but five years later, at least 400 environmental product retailers with
such names as Earth General and Ozone Brothers have established all over the
nation...including counterparts on the World Wide Web ( 1998).
            The United Nation’s Environmental Program has enlisted major multinational companies
in improving environmental reporting. Industrial environmental reporting is seen as a long-term
ongoing process
 
Local Literature
Since the start of the 1990s, more and more people are becoming aware of the
spreading environmental degradation. And it seems that companies are now taking notice of
society’s changing lifestyles. Firms such as Coca-Cola, Philips, and Body Shop are integrating
environmental issues into their marketing strategies. Even the government is jumping on the
bandwagon by making environment-friendly legislation, such as the Clean Air Act. In addition,
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) like Green Peace, PRIME (Private Sector for Managing
the Environment), and Haribon are formed to do advocacy work... In the end, education is the
key. Teachers and students realize that damage to the environment is irreversible. Now is the
time to build up environment consciousness before it is too late. As one green marketing
student remarked, “We just scratched the surface here…though we became more aware of the
industries’ and businesses’ environmental responsibilities…we should have more hands-on
experience.” (, October 2000)
Foreign Studies
 
Based on the study of , Effects of Environmental Concern On Attitudes and Behavior of Female
Cosmetics Buyers: An Exploratory Study, the factors influencing purchase of consumers  are brand
name, minimal and disposable packaging, attractive packaging, non-animal testing, natural
ingredients price, packaging with recycled content. The fact that attitudes seem to be changing in
favour of the environment suggests that personal influences (beliefs and attitudes) play a big part
in influencing consumer-purchasing behaviour. The majority of (Baruch College Female Students)
BCFSs feel natural ingredients are safer than synthetic ingredients. 2)9 percent strongly agree, 33.1
percent somewhat agree, 32.4 percent are neutral, 2.1 percent somewhat disagree, and only .7
percent disagree when asked it they felt that natural ingredients were safer than chemical
ingredients. However, as was seen in table 4.5, only .7 percent and 1.4 percent responded that
they use natural ingredient cosmetic products -The Body Shop and Perscriptives. 18.6 percent
reported using Revlon, a cosmetic line that is not traditionally natural but one that has
discontinued animal testing, and has reduced packaging. 
            The numerous companies and firms that have acted with more environmentally
responsible behavior have reaped the benefits of increased profit and better public relations.
With the implementation of governmental regulations, mandatory environmental measures
have provided incentives for innovation and higher environmental performance. Government
intervention in the marketplace through public purchasing can stimulate improvement and
innovation, thus supporting
industry's competitive advantage.
Green marketing is both a different marketing concept than the traditional model and it
is growing in importance on a global scale. Businesses must be aware that in  implementing a
green marketing policy the entire organizational structure must be involved in the process.
Failures provided in the paper highlight problems that can occur when businesses do not
implement an overall GM strategy. Businesses should continue to pursue sustainability and not
be able to excuse themselves from acting by stating that market forces can do nothing to
improve the environment.  According to , "Only business has the resources of technology,
finances and organizational competence to implement the necessary changes.” (, p 155).
 
Local Studies
 
Given the new interest in developing "green consumer" markets, there is considerable
potential to cultivate this young market through educating the consumers about the
advantages of Non-Wood Forest Products NWFPs and their production. Training materials and
informal education systems should be developed which will improve marketing skills and
entrepreneurship of NWFP producers, including those of cooperatives. At the national level,
government officials also need to have more familiarity with the market forces that affect
communities, and policy-makers need an understanding of these basics in order to know which
polices create a conducive business environment for sustainable exploitation of NWFPs.
Workshops and seminars can help to target these groups.
 

Food at a College Cafeteria

College life is a huge transition to most of the new incoming students. Having to give up all the
comforts from home, to live in a small and dark apartment is already hard enough, but one of
the biggest changes in this new lifestyle these people are entering in is the food. Most of us
students were used to a healthy and satisfactory home-cooked meal at least once a day
prepared by our parents. Here on college, unless you were blessed with great culinary skills or
have a lot of time and desire to experiment on the kitchen, a nice homemade dinner will not
always be possible. A cafeteria, for example Highland Oaks, would be a great alternative for
someone who does not want to eat fast-food or go to expensive restaurants every day.

Highland Oaks is known to everyone on the LSU campus for its great tasting food. The food
there might not correspond exactly your taste, but do you really think that over hundreds of
students would still be eating there every semester since 197x if the food was not simply
excellent?

Another reason why Highland Oaks is famous on campus is because of the big variety of
nutritious substances they serve. Anyone can find something they like in this cafeteria. You can
eat f

Another pejorative aspect would be the amount of fat existing in the food. Most vegetables are
cooked with plenty of butter or oil and a relatively big quantity of the meat is also fried. In
general there is too much unhealthy food served in relation to the healthy kind, for example,
they could serve more fruits and a bigger variety of them. The fattening food and the deserts
are always really tempting, but the excessive consumption of them might become a health
factor if you do not watch out what you eat. But if you know how to behave nutritionally, this
will not interfere in your life.

Highland Oaks is also a social point for the students. It is very common to see a lot of friends
sitting together having lunch or dinner. It is also a good place to meet new people since most of
the students who go there are on meal plans and go there almost every day. At Highland Oaks
you never eat alone, unless you choose to.

Evolution in the College Cafeteria

Posted on May 29, 2009 by Sarah Strout

 When we think about the environments in which individuals are most likely to conform to
social norms, I am sure that colleges are at the top of the list. However, when listing the types
of behaviors that students conform to social norms with, most of us would be likely to list sex,
drinking, and drugs as the most likely ways that students conform. You can imagine my
surprise, then, when viewing my college cafeteria through my social scientist’s lenses, I saw the
most obvious example of conformity to social norms I had yet to see on my college campus: the
choice of whether to get a meal on a plate or in cardboard to-go box.

 While looking around the cafeteria, I had noticed that although everyone was sitting down to
eat at the tables in the cafeteria, only faculty and staff had chosen to use the more appropriate
option of a re-useable plate for eating. Even though the students were going to sit down at a
table and not bring the food back to their rooms with them, they chose to have their food
served in a to-go cardboard container. When asking a student why most students chose to-go
containers, he told me “Only faculty and foreign students use plates, if you don’t use a to-go
box, you don’t look cool.” Shockingly, I discovered that since I was a professor, he did not think I
was cool!

 As a social psychologist, I am well aware of the reasons that humans are likely to conform.
Sometimes we conform because we want to gain acceptance from our peers (Asch, 1955), and
other times we conform because we believe that others have more or better information than
we have (Sherif, 1936). As an evolutionary psychologist, though, I was very curious as to
whether this behavior of conforming to social norms is an evolutionary adaptation or not, and if
it is an adaptation, what adaptive problem would this behavior solve? Boyd and Richerson
(1985) began to tackle this question with their idea of conformist transmission, a specific type
of social learning in which individuals are likely to adopt cultural traits that are most prevalent
in the given population. Further research on this topic supported the theory that humans are
likely to adopt popular cultural traits as long as the environment does not change too rapidly
(Heinrich & Boyd, 1998). So, why are we likely to conform? Most of the research on conformity
looks at punishment for not conforming. For example, Lachlan, Janik and Slater (2004) found,
using a territorial game, that aggression towards non-conformers was more successful than
random aggression. This suggests that in general, people are more likely to condone
punishment towards non-conformers. The type of punishment for not conforming, of course,
depends on the behavior and the situation in which the deviation occurs.  

Getting back to the example, whether a student chooses a plate rather than a to-go container is
not a matter of life and death. The worst that could happen to the student is a friend or another
student makes fun of him/her for using a plate.  While this might seem substantial to the
student at the time, it is not likely to result in the student’s death or decrease his/her
reproductive potential in the long run. However, as I began to think in a historical context, I
immediately came to an example in which not conforming to social norms would cost you your
life.

 From 1461-1603 the English monarchy changed rulers three times. The first ruler during this
time, Edward IV, reigned over a Protestant country.  When Queen Mary, a Roman Catholic,
succeeded Edward IV, she converted England to a Roman Catholic state. Later, when Queen
Elizabeth took over, she restored the country to Protestantism again.  During these years,
especially during the move to Queen Mary as monarch, loyalty to the reigning church and
observation of the rules of the church was extremely important. If, for example, during the
reign of Queen Mary, you were suspected of not attending mass, or not reciting prayers during
mass, you were likely to be executed for heresy (as 300 well known Protestants were during the
reign of ‘Bloody Mary’) (Foxe, 1540).

 One of the most interesting things about both the current and historical example is that
although conforming to social norms seems to be an evolutionary adaptation, the culture is
what determines which behaviors must be followed. If evolutionary psychologists investigate
conformity without taking into consideration the culture in which those norms are prescribed,
the behavior will not be fully understood.