Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM

Technology Center
Electrical Engineering Department

1st Order Non-Inverter Filters Analysis

Low-pass and High-pass

Signal Processing

Author: Professor:
Tiago Oliveira Weber Alexandre Campos

Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

September 29th
Introduction
On the present paper, a analysis of non inverters first order filters will be presented.
Both low-pass and high-pass filters will be studied, considering their circuit, block diagram
and bode diagram.

General First Order Filters

For a 1st order LTI system:
a1 .s + a0
H(s) =
b1 .s + b0
To project a low-pass filter a1 must be equal to zero.
a0
H(s) =
b1 .s + b0
b
a0 b01
H(s) = .
b0 s + bb01
It’s useful to see this transfer function as:
w0
H(s) = H0 .
s + w0
To project a high-pass filter a0 must be equal to zero
a0
H(s) =
b1 .s + b0
and this equation is better visualized as
s
H(s) = Hinf .
s + w0

Low-pass Non-Inverter Filter

The first part has a transfer function equal to:
1
s.R.C
G(s)1 = 1
1 + s.R.C
1
G(s)1 =
1 + s.R.C
The second part has a transfer function as following:

Signal Processing 1 Tiago Oliveira Weber

 Figure 1: Circuit for Low-Pass Non-Inverter Filter

Figure 2: Block Diagram for Low-Pass Non-Inverter Filter

Aol
G(s)2 =
1 + Aol . Z1Z+Z
2
2

As Aol can ideally be considered infinity,

Z1 + Z2
G(s)2 =
Z2
The total transfer function would be:
Z1 1
G(s) = G(s)1 .G(s)2 = (1 + ).
Z2 1 + sRC
w0
G(s) = H0 .
1 + s.w0
As s = σ + jw
and σ = 0
w0 1
G(jw) = H0 . = H0 .
jw + w0 1 + j ww0
Separating in the real and imaginary part:

Signal Processing 2 Tiago Oliveira Weber

 w
H0 H0 . w0
G(jw) = w 2 −j
1 + ( w0 ) 1 + ( ww0 )2
Separating the transfer function in module and phase:
√
|G(jw)| = eR2 + X 2
v
u
u H0 H0 . ww0
|G(jw)| = t( )2+( )2
1 + ( ww0 )2 1 + ( ww0 )2
X
φ(jw) = −tg −1 ( )
R
H0 . ww
0
1+( ww )2
−1
φ(jw) = −tg ( H0
0
)
1+( ww )2
0
w −1
φ(jw) = −tg ( )
w0

Bode Diagram
w 2 −0.5
|HdB | = H0dB + 20.log10 .(1 + ( ))
wo
w
|HdB | = H0dB − 10.log10 .(1 + ( )2 )
wo
w
φ(jw) = −tg −1 ( )
w0
For w << w0

|HdB | = H0dB
φ(jw) = 0
For w = w0

|HdB | = H0dB − 10log10 (2)

π
φ(jw) = −
4
For w >> w0
w
|HdB | = H0dB − 20log10 ( )
w0
π
φ(jw) = −
2

Signal Processing 3 Tiago Oliveira Weber

Figure 3: Bode Diagram for Low-Pass Non-Inverter Filter (using H0 = 10 and w0 = 500)

High-Pass Non-Inverter Filter

Figure 4: Circuit for High-Pass Non-Inverter Filter

The first part has a transfer function equal to:

Vx s.C.R
= G(s)1 =
Vin 1 + s.C.R
The second part has a transfer function as following:
Vout Aol
= G(s)2 =
Vx 1 + Aol . Z1Z+Z
2
2

Signal Processing 4 Tiago Oliveira Weber

 Figure 5: Block Diagram for High-Pass Non-Iverter Filter

As Aol can ideally be considered infinity,

Z1 + Z2
G(s)2 =
Z2
The total transfer function would be:

1 + ZZ12 s
G(s) = G(s)1 .G(s)2 = ( . 1
) s + CR
s
G(s) = Hinf .
s + w0
As s = σ + jw
and σ = 0
jw j
G(jw) = Hinf . = Hinf .
jw + w0 j + w0
w
Separating the transfer function in module and phase:
√
|G(jw)| = eR2 + X 2

w w
|HdB | = Hinf dB + 20log10 ( ) − 10.log10 (1 + ( )2 )
w0 wo
X
φ(jw) = −tg −1 ( )
R
π w
φ(jw) = φ0 + − tg −1 ( )
2 w0

Bode Diagram
w w
|HdB | = Hinf dB + 20log10 ( ) − 10.log10 (1 + ( )2 )
w0 wo
π w
φ(jw) = φ0 + − tg −1 ( )
2 w0

Signal Processing 5 Tiago Oliveira Weber

 For w << w0
w
|HdB | = Hinf dB + 20.log10 ( )
w0
π
φ(jw) = φ0 +
2
For w = w0

|HdB | = Hinf dB − 10.log10 (2)

π
φ(jw) = φ +
4
For w >> w0

|HdB | = Hinf dB
φ(jw) = φ0

Figure 6: Bode Diagram for High-Pass Non-Inverter Filter (using Hinf = 10 and w0 = 500)

Conclusion
An analysis of non-inverter first order filters was successfully made. It was possible to
create block diagrams and bode diagrams from the circuits and analyse the equations to
find amplitude and phase in function of frequency.

Signal Processing 6 Tiago Oliveira Weber