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Chapter 6a

This document discusses vector geoprocessing and topology in GIS. It defines vectors and topology, and explains that topology explicitly defines spatial relationships between geographic features. The advantages of topology are that data is stored efficiently and it facilitates analytical functions related to connectivity, area definition, and contiguity. It provides examples of topological and non-topological analysis functions in GIS.

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80 views9 pages

Chapter 6a

This document discusses vector geoprocessing and topology in GIS. It defines vectors and topology, and explains that topology explicitly defines spatial relationships between geographic features. The advantages of topology are that data is stored efficiently and it facilitates analytical functions related to connectivity, area definition, and contiguity. It provides examples of topological and non-topological analysis functions in GIS.

Uploaded by

api-3705107
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 6-

Vector Geoprocessing
Vector: (1) A quantity that has
magnitude and direction. (2) A form of
computer graphics in which objects
are represented as points, lines, and
polygons. (3) A coordinate-based
spatial data structure in which the
data are represented as vectors.
Figure 6.1
Figure 6.2
Topology?
► Explicitly
defines spatial relationships
between connecting or adjacent features
in geographic data.

► The principle is simple: spatial


relationships are expressed as lists –
polygons defined by a list of arcs
comprising its border.
Topology
► Advantages:
 Data is stored efficiently
 Facilitates analytical functions
►These function fall into three conceptual areas
►Connectivity
►Area Definition
►Contiguity
Topological Analytical
Concepts
► Connectivity
 Defined in the GIS through arc-node topology
 Basis for many network tracing and
pathfinding operations.
►Street Networks
►Stream Routing
►Piping

 Arc-node topology is supported through an


arc-node list.
Topological Analytical
Concepts
► Area Definition
 Represents polygons as an ordered list of
arcs rather than a closed loop of X,Y
coordinates.
► Contiguity
 Two geographic features that share a
boundary are called adjacent.
 Polygons are contiguous to each other if
they share a common arc.
Nontopological GIS Analysis
Functions
► Attribute Database Query
 Select: Extracts data items in specified
rows of a table
 Project: extracts data items in specified
columns of a table
 Join: Merges two tables based on the
values in the common columns of the
tables.

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