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Comp Fluid

This document provides an overview of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and its importance for the chemical industry. It discusses how CFD has helped chemical companies save millions of dollars by improving processes and avoiding new capital expenditures. While CFD has provided significant benefits, advancing it further can help solve more complex problems involving multiple phases, reactions, and heat and mass transfer. The document outlines challenges and sets performance targets to advance CFD capabilities over the next decade to better support the chemical industry.

Uploaded by

Daniel Cohen
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
26 views34 pages

Comp Fluid

This document provides an overview of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and its importance for the chemical industry. It discusses how CFD has helped chemical companies save millions of dollars by improving processes and avoiding new capital expenditures. While CFD has provided significant benefits, advancing it further can help solve more complex problems involving multiple phases, reactions, and heat and mass transfer. The document outlines challenges and sets performance targets to advance CFD capabilities over the next decade to better support the chemical industry.

Uploaded by

Daniel Cohen
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Role of Computational Fluid Dynamics


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VSHUIRUPDQFHLQ Applications for YDULRXVDUHDV&)'FDQSRWHQWLDOO\EHXVHGWR Computational Fluid Dynamics LPSURYHWKHHIILFLHQF\RIH[LVWLQJRSHUDWLQJ in Chemical Processing V\VWHPVDVZHOODVWKHGHVLJQRIQHZV\VWHPV ,WFDQKHOSWRVKRUWHQSURGXFWDQGSURFHVV Mixers  Chemical Reactors  GHYHORSPHQWF\FOHVRSWLPL]HSURFHVVHVWR Packed Beds  LPSURYHHQHUJ\HIILFLHQF\DQGHQYLURQPHQWDO Crystallizing/Dissolving Equipment  SHUIRUPDQFHDQGVROYHSUREOHPVDVWKH\DULVH Pneumatic Conveyors & Classifiers  Flows in Pipes  LQSODQWRSHUDWLRQV7KHUHDUHPDQ\SRWHQWLDO Sprays  DSSOLFDWLRQVRI&)'LQFKHPLFDOSURFHVVHV Biological Systems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Computing Power
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Computing Hardware
Supercomputer - A system that meets the computer industrys evolving standards at any particular time. A supercomputer must have not only very fast processors but also commensurate memory, internal communications, and data storage technology. For example, in 1998 the U.S. Department of Energy acquired a supercomputer that can perform 3.9 trillion (million million) calculations per second and is equipped with over 2.6 trillion bytes of memory. Such a machine exceeds typical desktop computers by ten thousand fold in both speed and memory. Parallel Architecture - At least four (and usually more) processors linked together, and controlled by hardware for efficient use of the maximum number of processors at any time. Processors may cooperate or work independently to solve a problem. Distributed Architecture - A technique to use the capabilities of more than one computer (processors and memory) simultaneously. The technique is usually applied with software controls. Vector Processing - Calculations are performed in linear, assembly line fashion. Supercomputers based on Vector Architecture include special processor hardware to stage and rapidly execute the repetitive calculations that are typical of matrix arithmetic, as found in most scientific computer programs.

Computational Fluid Dynamics


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Single Phase Numerical Methods


Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) - provides a numerical solution (description) for all the scales (size) of flow without simplifying or approximating the important physical properties of the flow. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) - provides a numerical solution for large eddies (whirlpools) in the flow while modeling (simplifying) the effects of very small eddies. Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) Model -simulates turbulent fluid flow more rapidly than DNS or LES but with limited accuracy.

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Current Applications of Multi Phase CFD in Chemical Processing
         

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Gas Scrubbing Thermal Oxidation/Waste Treatment Packed Bed Reactions Crystallization Polymer Extrusion Mixing and Blending Rotary Kiln Incineration Drying Membrane Separation Dust Separation Pyrolysis (Cracking)

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Chemical Process Design and Operation


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Exhibit 3-1. Problems Limiting the Efficient Design and Operation of Multiphase Flow Systems
Design
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Operation and Control


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Exhibit 5-1. Performance Targets for Computational Fluid Dynamics


Quantitative Targets
  

Shorten lead times (from research to final plant design) to 3-5 years. Reduce plant down times to 1%. Reduce separation energy and improve separation efficiency by 20%.

Qualitative Targets

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Near Term (0-3 years)


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Mid Term (3-5 years)

Long Term (5-10 years)

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Develop new diagnostics and sensors for experimental measurement of multi-phase flows N

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Characterize/ model dense phases (e.g., laminar / turbulent flows N

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Incorporate population balance

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Numerical Methods

Characterize/ model dense phase N

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