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Supercomputer - A system that meets the computer industrys evolving standards at any particular time. A supercomputer must have not only very fast processors but also commensurate memory, internal communications, and data storage technology. For example, in 1998 the U.S. Department of Energy acquired a supercomputer that can perform 3.9 trillion (million million) calculations per second and is equipped with over 2.6 trillion bytes of memory. Such a machine exceeds typical desktop computers by ten thousand fold in both speed and memory. Parallel Architecture - At least four (and usually more) processors linked together, and controlled by hardware for efficient use of the maximum number of processors at any time. Processors may cooperate or work independently to solve a problem. Distributed Architecture - A technique to use the capabilities of more than one computer (processors and memory) simultaneously. The technique is usually applied with software controls. Vector Processing - Calculations are performed in linear, assembly line fashion. Supercomputers based on Vector Architecture include special processor hardware to stage and rapidly execute the repetitive calculations that are typical of matrix arithmetic, as found in most scientific computer programs.
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Qualitative Targets
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