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Maritime Claims Reference Manual

This document is the Maritime Claims Reference Manual published by the U.S. Department of Defense on June 23, 2005. The manual provides a general reference on the maritime claims of all coastal nations with an emphasis on claims affecting navigation and overflight rights. It summarizes the territorial sea, baseline, and exclusive economic zone claims of individual coastal states. The manual is intended to facilitate the Department of Defense's Freedom of Navigation Program by assessing foreign maritime claims inconsistent with international law.

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Maritime Claims Reference Manual

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DoD 2005.

1-M

MARITIME CLAIMS REFERENCE MANUAL

6/23/2005 UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR POLICY

June 23, 2005

FOREWORD This Manual is reissued under the authority of DoD Instruction C-2005.1, "U.S. Program for the Exercise of Navigation and Overflight Rights at Sea (U)," June 21, 1983. It provides a general reference concerning the maritime claims of all coastal nations. Its principal purpose is to facilitate the DoD Freedom of Navigation Program. Consequently, in selecting data for inclusion, primary emphasis has been placed on information concerning claims directly affecting navigation and overflight. Limited information has been included concerning other claims (e.g., Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), continental shelf claims, and environmental regulations). DoD 2005.1-M, Maritime Claims Reference Manual, April 2, 2001, is hereby canceled. This Manual is effective immediately and is provided for use by all elements of the Department of Defense, including the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Military Departments, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant Commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Defense Agencies, DoD Field Activities, and all organizational entities in the Department of Defense (hereafter referred to collectively as the "DoD Components"). The Heads of the DoD Components may issue supplementary information consistent with this Manual when necessary to provide for unique requirements within their respective Components. In case of conflict with any other source of information issued within the Department of Defense, the information in this Manual takes precedence. The DoD Components, other Federal Agencies, and the public may download this Manual from the DoD publications page on the internet: (http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/html/20051m.htm). The maritime claims references in this Manual represent claims made by the coastal nations. Some of the claims are inconsistent with international law. The United States does not recognize those maritime claims that are not in conformity with customary international law, as reflected in the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention. Examples include excessive straight baseline claims, territorial sea claims in excess of 12 nautical miles (nm), and other claims that unlawfully impede freedom of navigation and overflight. This Manual notes many instances in which the United States has protested excessive claims and conducted operational assertions against such excessive claims under the Freedom of Navigation Program. Failure to categorize any maritime claim as excessive within this Manual does not indicate acceptance by the United States of excessive claims.

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Every effort has been made to ensure that the claims referenced in this Manual are accurate and up-to-date. Users must bear in mind, however, that foreign statutes and decrees change frequently. Most of the legislation and treaties cited in this Manual can be accessed from the United Nations website: (http://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/regionslist.htm). This Manual will be updated by periodic changes, but users are encouraged to consult other materials in conjunction with this Manual when seeking authoritative determination of any particular claim. It is recommended that operational commanders verify the currency of the Manual with their Combatant Command when planning sensitive exercises or operations. Compiling and maintaining an accurate and up-to-date compendium of maritime claims is a sizeable task. For this Manual to remain current, users in the field, particularly the Combatant Commands, as well as Defense Attachs' Offices, must assist in providing new legislation, decrees, or other information that may alter any of the claims described herein. Send recommended changes and updated information on maritime claims, with supporting documentation, if possible, to the agent responsible for preparation of this Manual: Department of Defense Representative for Ocean Policy Affairs Washington, DC 20301-2400 Phone: Fax: (703) 697-9161 (703) 695-8073 DSN 227-9161 DSN 225-8073

This Manual provides a summary sheet listing the maritime claims of each coastal state, including the date of each claim, its source or title, the breadth of the claim where applicable, and notes of significance. Each summary is arranged by headings in the following order: Territorial Sea Archipelagic, Straight Baselines, & Historic Claims Contiguous Zone Continental Shelf Fishing Zone/EEZ Environmental Regulation Maritime Boundaries LOS Convention All headings for which a particular nation has no known claim have been omitted. For many countries, a summary is followed by text from legislation, agreements, and explanatory comments. Tables have been included to list coordinates and pertinent information regarding maritime claims. These tables have been numbered pursuant to DoD 5025.1-M. In most cases, the table format does not appear in the cited legislation.

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For background on the legal regimes and geographic aspects of maritime claims, refer to Chapter 1, "Legal Divisions of the Oceans and Airspace," in the Commander's Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations, NWP 1-14M (formerly NWP 9 (Rev. A)), MCWP 5-2.1, COMDTPUB P5800.7 (1995).

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2 5 9 18

FOREWORD TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLES ABBREVIATIONS AND/OR ACRONYMS CHAPTER 1 - MARITIME CLAIMS OF COASTAL STATES Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Australia Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burma Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia

19 21 26 28 29 35 64 65 68 71 72 75 76 77 78 80 81 84 90 93 96 117 121 126 134 141 142 143 144 147 148

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TABLE OF CONTENTS, Continued Page 153 162 167 179 185 188 189 192 193 196 203 204 212 213 222 227 234 239 243 245 247 251 258 259 260 261 262 263 265 266 269 273 275 280 302 306 309 314 315 324 327

Cuba Cyprus Denmark Denmark Dependencies Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Fiji Finland France French Overseas Departments and Dependencies Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan

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TABLE OF CONTENTS, Continued Page 341 342 345 346 349 355 359 361 362 363 365 367 373 378 381 383 384 386 391 397 398 400 407 412 413 414 417 419 420 424 425 428 441 448 451 452 456 461 463 473 478 483

Jordan Kenya Kiribati Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait Latvia Lebanon Liberia Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malaysia Maldives Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia Monaco Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nauru Netherlands Netherlands Dependencies New Zealand New Zealand Dependencies Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar

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TABLE OF CONTENTS, Continued Page 487 489 524 525 527 528 529 532 539 543 545 547 548 550 552 558 559 564 572 575 577 578 595 597 602 605 610 611 612 615 621 627 628 633 636 641 646 675 680 682 689 693

Romania Russian Federation Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia and Montenegro Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Tuvalu Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Kingdom: British Overseas Territories United States of America Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Yemen

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TABLES*
*The Tables are included pursuant to DoD Instruction 2025.1-M. The Tables appear throughout the document for ease of reading coordinates and legislative enactments. The Tables and Table numbers are not included in the published legislation or cited document.

Table C1.T1. C1.T2. C1.T3. C1.T4. C1.T5. C1.T6. C1.T7. C1.T8. C1.T9. C1.T10. C1.T11. C1.T12. C1.T13. C1.T14. C1.T15. C1.T16. C1.T17. C1.T18. C1.T19. C1.T20. C1.T21. C1.T22. C1.T23. C1.T24. C1.T25. C1.T26. C1.T27. C1.T28. C1.T29.

Title Albanian Straight Baseline System Algerian Straight Baseline System Angolan Straight Closing Lines Angolan Straight Baseline System: U.S. Analysis Access Zone to the Strait of Magellan Argentine Coordinates for Resource Exploitation Australian Straight Baseline System: Coast of the Mainland of Australia Australian Straight Baseline System: Coast of the Mainland of Tasmania Australian Straight Baseline System: Islands off the Coast of the States and the Northern Territory Australian Straight Baseline System: Aubusi, Boigu and Moimi Australian Straight Baseline System: Dauan, Kaumag and Saibai Australian Straight Baseline System: Anchor Cay and East Cay Australian Straight Baseline System: Black Rocks and Bramble Cay Australian Straight Baseline System: Deliverance Island and Kerr Islet Australian Straight Baseline System: Turnagain Island Australian Straight Baseline System: Turu Cay Australian Straight Baseline System: Pearce Cay Australian Historic Bays and Baseline Points Indonesia - Papua New Guinea Maritime Boundary Bahrain - Qatar Maritime Boundary Bangladesh Straight Baseline System Belgian EEZ Coordinates Belgium - France Territorial Sea Boundary Belgium - Netherlands Territorial Sea Boundary Bulgaria -Turkey Begendik/Rezovo Bay Boundary Bulgaria -Turkey Black Sea Boundary Burma Straight Baseline System Burma Straight Baseline System: U.S. Analysis Burma - Thailand: Andaman Sea Boundary

Page 20 22 26 27 31 32 37 46 48 50 52 54 56 56 58 60 61 62 63 66 69 73 73 74 82 83 85 86 88

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C1.T30. Burma - Thailand Maritime Boundary: U.S. Analysis

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TABLES, Continued Table C1.T31. C1.T32. C1.T33. C1.T34. C1.T35. C1.T36. C1.T37. C1.T38. C1.T39. C1.T40. C1.T41. C1.T42. C1.T43. C1.T44. C1.T45. C1.T46. C1.T47. C1.T48. C1.T49. C1.T50. C1.T51. C1.T52. C1.T53. C1.T54. C1.T55. C1.T56. C1.T57. C1.T58. C1.T59. C1.T60. C1.T61. C1.T62. C1.T63. C1.T64. C1.T65. C1.T66. Title Cambodian Straight Baseline System Cameroon - Nigeria Boundary Canadian Straight Baseline System: Nova Scotia Canadian Straight Baseline System: Newfoundland Canadian Straight Baseline System: Vancouver Island Canadian Straight Baseline System: Queen Charlotte Islands Canadian Straight Baseline System: Canadian Arctic Islands and Mainland, Schedule I, (Subsection 4(1)), Area 7 Canadian Straight Baseline System: Canadian Arctic Islands and Mainland, Schedule II, (Subsection 4(2)), Area 7 Canadian Straight Baseline System: Canadian Arctic Islands and Mainland, Schedule III, (Subsection 4(3)), Area 7 Canada - France (St. Pierre and Miquelon) Maritime Boundary Canada - France (St. Pierre and Miquelon) Territorial Sea Boundary: U.S. Analysis Cape Verde Archipelagic Baseline System Cape Verde - Senegal EEZ and Continental Shelf Coordinates Cape Verde Archipelagic Baselines Chile Straight Baseline Coordinates China Straight Baselines: Mainland and Hainan Island China Straight Baselines: Xisha (Paracel) Islands Colombian Straight Baseline System: Pacific Coast Colombian Straight Baseline System: Atlantic Coast Colombia - Costa Rica Maritime Boundary: Caribbean Sea Colombia - Haiti Maritime Boundary Colombia - Honduras Maritime Boundary Colombia - Jamaica Maritime Boundary Colombia - Panama Territorial Sea Boundary: Caribbean Sea Colombia - Panama EEZ Boundary: Caribbean Sea Colombia - Panama Boundary: Pacific Costa Rica - Colombia Maritime Boundary Coordinates Croatia Straight Baseline System: U.S. Analysis Cuba Straight Baseline System Distance Between Cuban Straight Baseline Segments Cuba - U.S. Maritime Boundary Coordinates Cuba - Mexico Maritime Boundary Coordinates Cyprus Baseline System Cyprus - U.K. (Sovereign Base Areas) Territorial Sea Boundary Cyprus - Egypt EEZ Boundary Denmark Straight Baseline System: Jutland-Funen Page 92 94 98 100 104 105 106 111 113 114 115 118 119 120 122 131 132 135 135 136 138 138 139 139 140 140 145 150 154 158 159 160 162 165 166 169

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TABLES, Continued Table C1.T67. C1.T68. C1.T69. C1.T70. C1.T71. C1.T72. C1.T73. C1.T74. C1.T75. C1.T76. C1.T77. C1.T78. C1.T79. C1.T80. C1.T81. C1.T82. C1.T83. C1.T84. C1.T85. C1.T86. C1.T87. C1.T88. C1.T89. C1.T90. C1.T91. C1.T92. C1.T93. C1.T94. C1.T95. C1.T96. C1.T97. C1.T98. C1.T99. C1.T100. C1.T101. C1.T102. C1.T103. C1.T104. C1.T105. Title Denmark Straight Baseline System: Sealand and the Islands South of Sealand Denmark Straight Baseline System: Laeso Denmark Straight Baseline System: Christianso Denmark Straight Baseline System: Anholt Faroe Islands Straight Baseline System West Greenland Straight Baseline System East Greenland Straight Baseline System Djibouti Straight Baseline System Djibouti Straight Baselines: U.S. Analysis Dominican Republic Straight Baseline System: U.S. Analysis Domincan Republic EEZ Coordinates Egyptian Straight Baseline System: Mediterranean Sea Egyptian Straight Baseline System: Red Sea Egypt - Cyprus EEZ Boundary Equatorial Guinea Maritime Boundary Coordinates Equatorial Guinea - Nigeria Boundary Equatorial Guinea - Sao Tome and Principe Maritime Boundary Coordinates Estonia Baseline System Estonian Territorial Sea Boundary Estonia - Latvia Maritime Boundary Coordinates Fiji Archipelagic Baselines Fiji (Rotuma and Its Dependencies) Straight Baselines Finland Inner Territorial Waters Coordinates Finland - Sweden Maritime Boundary Coordinates French Straight Baseline System French Straight Baselines: U.S. Analysis France (Reunion) - Mauritius Maritime Boundary Gabon Straight Baseline System Georgia - Turkey Black Sea Boundary Georgia - Turkey Continental Shelf/EEZ Coordinates German Territorial Sea Coordinates: North Sea German Territorial Sea Coordinates: Baltic Sea German EEZ Coordinates: North Sea German EEZ Coordinates: Baltic Sea Guinea-Bissau Straight Baseline System Haiti Baseline Segments: U.S. Analysis Honduras Baseline Segments: U.S. Analysis Iceland Straight Baseline System India - Burma Maritime Boundary: Andaman Sea and Coco Channel
12

Page 171 173 174 175 180 181 183 186 187 190 191 197 199 202 204 209 210 214 217 221 224 225 228 230 235 237 242 243 248 250 252 253 254 255 263 267 271 273 277

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TABLES, Continued Table C1.T106. C1.T107. C1.T108. C1.T109. C1.T110. C1.T111. C1.T112. C1.T113. C1.T114. C1.T115. C1.T116. C1.T117. C1.T118. C1.T119. C1.T120. C1.T121. C1.T122. C1.T123. C1.T124. C1.T125. C1.T126. C1.T127. C1.T128. C1.T129. C1.T130. C1.T131. C1.T132. C1.T133. C1.T134. C1.T135. C1.T136. C1.T137. C1.T138. C1.T139. C1.T140. C1.T141. C1.T142. Title India - Burma Maritime Boundary: Bay of Bengal India - Indonesia -Thailand Common Trijunction Points India - Sri Lanka Maritime Boundary Coordinates India - Sri Lanka Maritime Boundary: U.S. Analysis India - Sri Lanka National Baseline Positions Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes Designation: Sea Lane I Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes Designation: Sea Lane II Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes Designation: Sea Lane III Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes Designation: Sea Lane III-B, III-C Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes Designation: Sea Lane III-D, III-E Indonesian Archipelagic Baseline System Indonesia - Papua New Guinea Maritime Boundary Coordinates Indonesia - Malaysia Maritime Boundary Coordinates Indonesia - Malaysia Maritime Boundary: U.S. Analysis Indonesia - Malaysia - Thailand Common Point Indonesia - Singapore Maritime Boundary: Strait of Singapore Indonesia - Thailand Turning Points Indonesia - Thailand Basepoint 1 Indonesia - Thailand Basepoint 2 Iran Straight Baseline Claims Iran Baseline Claims: U.S. Analysis Iraq - Kuwait Boundary Coordinates: Between Umm Qasr and the Junction of the Khowrs Iraq - Kuwait Boundary Coordinates: Junction of the Khowrs along the Median Line of the Khowr Abd Allah Ireland Straight Baseline System Ireland Straight Baseline Segments: U.S. Analysis Israel - Jordan Boundary: Gulf of Aqaba Italy Straight Baseline System Italy - France Maritime Boundary Coordinates Italy - Greece Maritime Boundary Coordinates Italy - Slovenia (Former Yugoslavia) Maritime Boundary Coordinates Italy - Tunisia Maritime Boundary Coordinates Jamaica Archipelagic Baseline System Jamaica - Colombia Maritime Boundary Coordinates Japan Straight Baseline System Japan - South Korea Maritime Boundary Coordinates Jordan - Israel Boundary: Gulf of Aqaba Kenya Territorial Sea
13

Page 277 278 278 278 279 282 283 283 284 285 285 297 297 298 299 300 301 301 301 303 305 306 307 310 312 314 316 319 320 320 321 324 326 329 339 341 343

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TABLES, Continued Table C1.T143. C1.T144. C1.T145. C1.T146. C1.T147. C1.T148. C1.T149. C1.T150. C1.T151. C1.T152. C1.T153. C1.T154. C1.T155. C1.T156. C1.T157. C1.T158. C1.T159. C1.T160. C1.T161. C1.T162. C1.T163. C1.T164. C1.T165. C1.T166. C1.T167. C1.T168. C1.T169. C1.T170. C1.T171. C1.T172. C1.T173. C1.T174. C1.T175. C1.T176. C1.T177. Title Kenya - Tanzania Maritime Boundary Baselines Kenya - Tanzania: Description Of Boundary North Korea Military Zone Coordinates: East Coast North Korea Military Zone Coordinates: West Coast South Korea Straight Baseline System South Korea - Japan Maritime Boundary Coordinates South Korea - Japan Joint Development Zone Kuwait - Iraq Boundary Coordinates: Between Umm Qasr and the Junction of the Khowrs Kuwait - Iraq Boundary Coordinates: Junction of the Khowrs along the Median Line of the Khowr Abd Allah Kuwait - Saudi Arabia Maritime Boundary Latvia - Estonia Maritime Boundary Coordinates Libya - Malta Continental Shelf Coordinates Lithuania - Russian Federation EEZ/Continental Shelf Coordinates Madagascar Straight Baseline System Madagascar Straight Baseline System: U.S. Analysis Madagascar Straight Baseline System: Significant Portions Malaysia - Indonesia Maritime Boundary Coordinates Malaysia - Indonesia Boundary Points: U.S. Analysis Malaysia - Thailand Maritime Boundary: Distance Between Turning Points Maldives Archipelagic Straight Baseline Coordinates Malta - Libya Continental Shelf Coordinates EEZ Coordinates for the Islands of Mauritius, Rofrigues, Cargados Carajos, Agalega and Tromelin Chagos Archipelago EEZ Coordinates Mauritius - France (Reunion) Maritime Boundary Coordinates Mexico Straight Baseline System Mexico - Cuba Maritime Boundary Coordinates Mexico - U.S. Territorial Sea Boundary: Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico Mexico - U.S. Additional Boundary Coordinates: Gulf of Mexico and Pacific Ocean Monaco - France Maritime Boundary Coordinates Morocco Straight Baseline System: Atlantic Morocco Straight Baseline System: Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Morocco Territorial Sea Mozambique Straight Baseline System Mozambique Straight Baseline System: U.S. Analysis Mozambique - Tanzania Maritime Boundary Coordinates
14

Page 344 344 347 347 350 352 353 355 356 357 360 364 366 367 370 372 374 375 376 379 382 388 389 390 393 394 395 395 398 400 402 405 407 408 410

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TABLES, Continued Table C1.T178. C1.T179. C1.T180. C1.T181. C1.T182. C1.T183. C1.T184. C1.T185. C1.T186. C1.T187. C1.T188. C1.T189. C1.T190. C1.T191. C1.T192. C1.T193. C1.T194. C1.T195. C1.T196. C1.T197. C1.T198. C1.T199. C1.T200. C1.T201. C1.T202. C1.T203. C1.T204. C1.T205. C1.T206. C1.T207. C1.T208. C1.T209. C1.T210. C1.T211. C1.T212. C1.T213. C1.T214. C1.T215. C1.T216. Title Netherlands - Belgium Territorial Sea Boundary Cook Islands - U.S. (American Samoa) Maritime Boundary Coordinates Cook Islands - France (French Polynesia) Maritime Boundary Coordinates New Zealand (Tokelau) - U.S. (American Samoa) Maritime Boundary Coordinates Niue - U.S. (American Samoa) Maritime Boundary Coordinates Nigeria - Equatorial Guinea Partial Maritime Boundary Nigeria - Cameroon Maritime Boundary Mainland Norway Straight Baselines Norwegian Straight Baselines: Jan Mayen Norwegian Straight Baselines: Svalbard Oman Straight Baseline System Oman Straight Baseline System: U.S. Analysis Oman - Iran Continental Shelf Boundary Oman - Pakistan Maritime Boundary Coordinates Oman - Yemen Maritime Boundary Pakistan Straight Baseline System Pakistan - Oman Maritime Boundary Coordinates Panama - Colombia Maritime Boundary: Caribbean Sea Panama - Colombia Maritime Boundary: Pacific Ocean Papua New Guinea Archipelagic Baseline System Papua New Guinea - Indonesia Maritime Boundary: U.S. Analysis Philippines Straight Baseline System Poland - Germany Continental Shelf: Baltic Sea Poland - Germany Territorial Sea Boundary: Oder Bight Poland - Russia Maritime Boundary Coordinates Poland - Sweden Maritime Boundary Coordinates Portugal Straight Baselines: Continental Coast Portugal Straight Baselines: Madeiras Portugal Straight Baselines: Azores Qatar - UAE (Abu Dhabi) Maritime Boundary Coordinates Qatar - Bahrain Maritime Boundary Qatar - Iran Continental Shelf Coordinates Romania Straight Baseline System Russia Straight Baseline System: Pacific Ocean Russia Straight Baseline System: Arctic Ocean Russia Straight Baseline System: Baltic Sea Russia - Finland Maritime Boundary Coordinates Russia - Norway Maritime Boundary Coordinates Russia - Poland Maritime Boundary Coordinates
15

Page 416 421 422 422 423 425 426 429 432 434 442 444 446 446 447 449 450 453 454 457 460 464 474 475 476 476 479 480 481 484 484 486 488 491 501 517 518 520 522

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TABLES, Continued Table C1.T217. C1.T218. C1.T219. C1.T220. C1.T221. C1.T222. C1.T223. C1.T224. C1.T225. C1.T226. C1.T227. C1.T228. C1.T229. C1.T230. C1.T231. C1.T232. C1.T233. C1.T234. C1.T235. C1.T236. C1.T237. C1.T238. C1.T239. C1.T240. C1.T241. C1.T242. C1.T243. C1.T244. C1.T245. C1.T246. C1.T247. C1.T248. C1.T249. C1.T250. C1.T251. Title Russia (Former USSR) - Turkey Continental Shelf/EEZ Coordinates Saint Lucia - Martinique Maritime Boundary Coordinates Sao Tome and Principe Straight Baseline System Sao Tome and Principe Ellipsoid and Datum Coordinates Sao Tome and Principe - Equatorial Guinea Maritime Boundary Saudi Arabia - Iran Maritime Boundary Coordinates Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Maritime Boundary Senegal Straight Baseline System Senegal - Cape Verde Maritime Boundary Cape Verde Archipelagic Baseline System Senegal - Gambia Maritime Boundary Coordinates Seychelles EEZ and Continental Shelf Singapore - Indonesia Maritime Boundary Coordinates Slovenia (Former Yugoslavia) - Italy Maritime Boundary Coordinates Solomon Islands Archipelagic Baseline System: The Main Group Archipelago Solomon Islands Archipelagic Baseline System: The Rennell, Bellona, and Indispensable Reef Atoll Archipelago Solomon Islands Archipelagic Baseline System: Java Group Archipelago Solomon Islands Archipelagic Baseline System: The Santa Cruz Islands Archipelago Solomon Islands Archipelagic Baseline System: The Duff Islands Archipelago Solomon Islands - Australia Maritime Boundary Coordinates Solomon Islands - France (New Caledonia) Maritime Boundary Solomon Islands - Papua New Guinea Maritime Boundary South African Straight Baseline System Spain Straight Baseline System: Atlantic Ocean Spain Straight Baseline System: Mediterranean Sea Spain - Italy Continental Shelf Coordinates Sri Lanka - India Maritime Boundary: Adam's Bridge to Palk Strait Sri Lanka - India Maritime Boundary: Gulf of Manaar Sri Lanka - India Maritime Boundary: Bay of Bengal Sweden Straight Baseline System Sweden Straight Baseline System: U.S. Analysis Sweden - Denmark Continental Shelf and Fishing Zone Sweden - Denmark Revised Coordinates: The Sound Sweden - Finland Maritime Boundary Coordinates Sweden - Germany Continental Shelf Coordinates
16

Page 523 525 529 530 530 536 537 540 540 541 541 546 548 550 552 554 554 555 555 556 556 557 559 565 568 570 573 573 574 580 584 589 590 591 592

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TABLES, Continued Table C1.T252. C1.T253. C1.T254. C1.T255. C1.T256. C1.T257. C1.T258. C1.T259. C1.T260. C1.T261. C1.T262. C1.T263. C1.T264. C1.T265. C1.T266. C1.T267. C1.T268. C1.T269. C1.T270. C1.T271. C1.T272. C1.T273. C1.T274. C1.T275. C1.T276. C1.T277. C1.T278. C1.T279. C1.T280. C1.T281. C1.T282. C1.T283. C1.T284. C1.T285. C1.T286. C1.T287. C1.T288. Title Sweden - Poland Maritime Boundary Coordinates Taiwan Straight Baseline System Tanzania - Seychelles EEZ and Continental Shelf Thailand Straight Baseline System: Areas 1-4 Trinidad and Tobago Archipelagic Baseline System Trinidad and Tobago - Venezuela Maritime Boundary Tunisia Archipelagic Baseline System Tunisia - Italy Continental Shelf Coordinates Turkey - Bulgaria Maritime Boundary: Begendik and Rezovo Bay Turkey - Bulgaria EEZ Coordinates Turkey - Georgia Black Sea Boundary Turkey - Former USSR (Georgia, Russian Federation and Ukraine) Continental Shelf/EEZ Coordinates Ukraine Straight Baseline System: Black Sea Ukraine Straight Baseline System: Sea of Azov Ukraine (Former USSR) - Turkey Continental Shelf/EEZ Coordinates UAE (Dubai) - Iran Continental Shelf Coordinates UAE (Abu Dhabi) - Qatar Maritime Boundary Coordinates U.K. Straight Baseline System U.K. Bay Closing Points U.K. Straight Baselines: Southampton and Isle of Wight Falkland Islands Baseline System U.K. - U.S. Maritime Boundary: Caribbean U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Gulf of Mexico U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Blake Plateau, Straits of Florida, and Eastern Gulf of Mexico U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Central Gulf of Mexico U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Western Gulf of Mexico U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Pacific Coast U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Southern California Coast U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Alaska U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Chukchi Sea, Bering Strait, and Northern Bering Sea U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Southern Bering Sea and Northern Pacific Ocean U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Alaska Straight Baselines U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Caribbean Sea U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Central and Western Pacific U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Wake Island U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Jarvis Island
17

Page 593 600 604 606 612 613 616 617 623 623 625 626 628 630 631 634 635 638 639 639 642 644 648 648 652 653 653 654 654 655 656 657 659 663 664 665 665

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TABLES, Continued Table C1.T289. C1.T290. C1.T291. C1.T292. C1.T293. C1.T294. C1.T295. C1.T296. C1.T297. C1.T298. C1.T299. C1.T300. C1.T301. C1.T302. Title U.S. EEZ Coordinates: Howland and Baker Islands U.S. - Canada Maritime Boundary: Gulf of Maine U.S. - Cuba Maritime Boundary Coordinates U.S. - Russia Maritime Boundary Coordinates U.S. - Venezuela Maritime Boundary Coordinates Uruguay Baselines Uruguay - Argentina Maritime Boundary Vanuatu Archipelagic Baseline System Venezuela - Dominican Republic Maritime Boundary Venezuela - Netherlands Antilles Maritime Boundary Venezuela - Trinidad and Tobago Maritime Boundary Venezuela - U.S. Maritime Boundary Coordinates Vietnam Straight Baseline System Vietnam - Thailand Maritime Boundary: Gulf of Thailand Page 666 667 668 670 673 676 678 680 684 685 686 687 691 692

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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS The following abbreviations and acronyms are used throughout the Manual: 200nm/CM EEZ EIF EXP LIS LOS Convention m nm 1958 DEF 200 nautical miles or Continental Margin Exclusive Economic Zone Entered Into Force Depth of Exploitation Limits in the Sea; Department of State publication 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention Meters Nautical Miles (2000 yards = 1852 m) Definition of Continental Shelf contained in the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, which is "the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas adjacent to the coast but outside the area of the territorial sea, to a depth of 200 m or, beyond that limit, to where the depth of the superjacent waters admits the exploitation of the natural resources of the said areas."

June 23, 2005

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2 5 9 18

19 21 26 28 29 35 64 65 68 71 72 75 76 77 78 80 81 84 90 93 96 117 121 126 134 141 142 143 144 147 148

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TABLE OF CONTENTS, Continued Page 153 162 167 179 185 188 189 192 193 196 203 204 212 213 222 227 234 239 243 245 247 251 258 259 260 261 262 263 265 266 269 273 275 280 302 306 309 314 315 324 327

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Page 20 22 26 27 31 32 37 46 48 50 52 54 56 56 58 60 61 62 63 66 69 73 73 74 82 83 85 86 88

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C1.T30. Burma - Thailand Maritime Boundary: U.S. Analysis

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Page 171 173 174 175 180 181 183 186 187 190 191 197 199 202 204 209 210 214 217 221 224 225 228 230 235 237 242 243 248 250 252 253 254 255 263 267 271 273 277

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ALBANIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 70 Decree No. 4650 12nm Foreign warships and military airplanes may enter Albanian territorial sea and air space only with prior permission. Feb 76 Decree No. 5384 15nm U.S. protested new law (extension of territorial sea to 15nm, excessive new straight baselines, and continued prior permission requirement) in 1989 (see LIS, No. 116) and conducted operational assertions in 1985, 1986, 1997, 1998, and 1999. Rolled back territorial sea to 12nm, but maintained prior permission requirement.

Mar 90

Decree No. 7366 (modifying Decrees No. 4650 & 5384)

12nm

This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. Operational assertions conducted in 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 59 Decree No. 2960 Established straight baselines for northern STRAIGHT BASELINES, & two-thirds of national coastline. HISTORIC CLAIMS Apr 70 Decree No. 4650 Straight baselines reiterated. Feb 76 Mar 90 Decree No. 5384 Decree No. 7366 Baseline modifications. Straight baselines reiterated.

These straight baselines claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested baselines in 1989. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 64 Became party to the 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf. Apr 70 Decree No. 4650 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Sep 52 Decree No. 1535 12nm Fishery zone. Feb 76 Decree No. 5384 15nm Fishery zone. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 92 Treaty Continental shelf boundary agreement with Italy. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jun 2003 Acceded to Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is the text of Decree No. 7366, dated 24 March 1990, a Modification to Decree No. 4650, on the State Border of the People's Republic of Albania, regarding the Albanian territorial sea and straight baseline system.

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Article 1 The first paragraph, Article 4, of Decree No. 4650, should be modified as follows: The territorial waters of the People's Republic of Albania are extended along the entire coastline over a width of 12 nautical miles (22,224 m), beginning with the basic straight line running from Rodon Cape (Muzhli), Palle Cape, Lagji Cape (Turra Castle), Seman Cape, the Josa River estuary, the north-eastern shore of Sazan Island, Gjuheza and Grama Gulf Cape, then between the Albanian shore and the Greek islands up to the middle of the Corfu Channel. The width of the territorial waters from the Buna River estuary to Rodon Cape is extended up to the Albanian-Yugoslavian border line. U.S. ANALYSIS The following analysis of the Albanian straight baseline system is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 116, "Straight Baseline Claims: Albania and Egypt," 6 May 1994. The [1990] Decree defines the baselines geographically by citing seven different features on the Albanian coastline, but giving no coordinates. The baseline lengths range from about 5 miles to approximately 16 miles. TABLE C1.T1. ALBANIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM Coastline Points Distance between Points (miles - approximate) 11 16 14 15 10 5

Cape Rondo to Cape Palla to Cape Lagji to Cape Seman to Vjose River to Sazan Island to

Cape Palla Cape Lagji Cape Seman Vjose River Sazan Island Cape Gjuheza

There is only one island, Sazan Island, used as a basepoint, so the "fringing islands" criterion, cited in Article 7 of the LOS Convention, cannot be used to justify the straight baselines. Moreover, the coastline is relatively smooth and, therefore, the "deeply indented" coastline requirement is not met. Vlores Bay can be defined as a juridical bay by drawing a closing line which would be situated landward of Sazan Island. Other than this closing line, the baseline for the remaining Albanian coast should be the "normal" baseline, which is the low-water line as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by Albania.

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ALGERIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Oct 63 Decree No. 63-403 12nm Foreign warships must obtain prior permission for innocent passage. Oct 72 Decree No. 72-194 Foreign military-related vessels must request authorization 15 days prior to entering territorial sea. Reaffirmed that passage of warships in the territorial sea is subject to a 15-day advance authorization except in cases of force majeure.

Jun 96

Declaration on ratifying the LOS Convention

This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested in 1964 and 1982 and conducted operational assertions in 1979, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1992, 1997, and 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 84 Decree No. 84-181 Established straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Oct 72 Decree No. 72-194 12nm Established fishing zone 32nm between the western maritime border and Ras Tenes and 52nm between Ras Tenes and the eastern maritime border. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 2002 Agreement Provisional maritime boundary with Tunisia _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration confirming it does not recognize certain other signatories. Jul 94 Jun 96 Signed Part XI Agreement. Jun 94 Decree No. 94-13

Ratified Convention, with Declaration reaffirming that passage of warships in the territorial sea is subject to 15 day advance authorization except in cases of force majeure. Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is extracted from Decree No. 84-181 of 4 Aug 1984, defining the baselines for measuring the breadth of the maritime zones under national jurisdiction:

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Article 2 The lines delimiting the maritime zones in question shall be defined by the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T2. ALGERIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM ALGERIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST

FROM THE ALGERIAN-MOROCCAN FRONTIER TO RACHGOUN ISLAND (ALGERIAN CHART NO. 1201) Algerian-Moroccan frontier to Ras El Ouareye Rock Ras El Ouareye Rock to Ras El Ouareye Ras El Ouareye - Kef Bou Madane Kef Bou Madane - Ras Kela Ras Kela - Kef Riba Kef Riba - Jetty Light Jetty Light - Point west of Ras Tarsa Point west of Ras Tarsa - Ras Chennaira 035 06' 04" N 035 06' 12" N 035 05' 44" N 035 04' 44" N 035 05' 12" N 035 06' 22" N 035 07' 45" N 035 10' 45" N 002 10' 02" W 002 09' 08" W 002 06' 58" W 002 01' 10" W 001 56' 03" W 001 52' 03" W 001 48' 54" W 001 41' 54" W

RACHGOUN ISLAND TO MERSAT MEDEKH (ALGERIAN CHART NO. 1202) Ras Chennaira Rachgoun Island Rachgoun Island Habibas Islands Habibas Islands - N.E. Habibas Islands N.E. Habibas Islands - Plane Island Plane Island - Ras Falcon BAY OF ORAN Ras Falcon - Ras Aiguille Ras Aiguille - Aiguille Rock Aiguille Rock - Ras Ferrat Ras Ferrat - Rock above water at low tide Rock above water at low tide - Ras Carbon 035 52' 46" N 035 53' 24" N 035 54' 40" N 035 54' 48" N 035 54' 38" N 000 28' 58" W 000 28' 12" W 000 23' 00" W 000 22' 23" W 000 20' 05" W 035 19' 38" N 035 43' 24" N 035 44' 00" N 035 46' 24" N 035 45' 35" N 001 28' 48" W 001 08' 48" W 001 07' 00" W 000 53' 56" W 000 46' 45" W

BORDJ BOUABED TO ARZEW (ALGERIAN CHART NO. 1203) BAY OF ARZEW Ras Carbon - Mouth of Oued Chlef Mouth of Oued Chlef Ras Ouillis Rock Ras Ouillis Rock - Kef El-Asfer Rock Kef El-Asfer Rock - Kef El-Aoua 036 02' 32" N 036 06' 30" N 036 11' 43" N 036 12' 48" N 000 08' 06" E 000 12' 00" E 000 20' 43" E 000 23' 45" E

RAS AIGUILLE TO KEF EL-AOUA AND BOURTMENARD TO KEF ES-SOUARI (ALGERIAN CHARTS NOS. 1204 AND 1205) Kef El-Aoua - Ras Kramis 036 19' 53" N 000 39' 36" E

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ALGERIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION Ras Kramis - Ras Magroua Ras Magroua - Hadjrat Nadji Hadjrat Nadji - Ras Nadji Ras Nadji - Pointe Rouge Pointe Rouge - Kalah Islet Kalah Islet - Ras Tenes Ras Tenes - Calle Genoise LATITUDE NORTH 036 22' 00" N 036 26' 20" N 036 26' 54" N 036 29' 48" N 036 31' 06" N 036 33' 12" N 036 33' 20" N LONGITUDE WEST 000 48' 30" E 000 55' 12" E 000 56' 17" E 001 05' 10" E 001 11' 08" E 001 20' 31" E 001 22' 08" E

KEF ES-SOUARI TO TIPAZA (ALGERIAN CHART NO. 1206) Calle Genoise - Kef Es-Souari Kef Es-Souari - Djilari Rock Djilari Rock - Tokibt Indich Islet Tokibt Indich Islet - Kef Taska Kef Taska - Berinshel Islet 036 32' 30" N 036' 33' 30" N 036 35' 40" N 036 34' 55" N 036 38' 57" N TIPAZA TO RAS MATIFOU (ALGERIAN CHART NO. 1207) Berinshel Islet - Les Deux Ilots Les Deux Ilots - Sidi Fredj Sidi Fredj - Kef Acrata Kef Acrata - Ras Caxine Ras Caxine - Kef Rais Hamidou 036 37' 42" N 036 46' 04" N 036 48' 28" N 036 49' 12" N 036 49' 17" N BAY OF ALGIERS Kef Rais Hamidou - Sandja Island 036 49' 15" N 003 15' 24" E 002 22' 50" E 002 50' 46" E 002 53' 50" E 002 58' 27" E 003 01' 12" E 001 28' 06" E 00141' 12" E 001 50' 58" E 001 55' 00" E 002 20' 53" E

RAS MATIFOU TO RAS TEDLES (ALGERIAN CHART NO. 1208) Sandja Island - Rock east of Sandja Island Rock east of Sandja Island - East of Ras Djinet East of Ras Djinet - Oued Sebaou Rock Oued Sabaou Rock - Ras Bengut 036 49' 04" N 036 53' 20" N 036 55' 00" N 036 55' 38" N 003 18' 12" E 003 44' 30" E 003 50' 50" E 003 53' 48" E

RAS TEDLES TO BEJAIA (ALGERIAN CHART NO. 1209) Ras Bengut - Sidi Khaled Rock Sidi Khaled Rock - Mers El Farm Rock Mers El Farm Rock - Ras Corbelin Ras Corbelin - Ras Sigli Ras Sigli - El Euch El Euch - Pisan Island 036 54' 54" N 036 55' 04" N 036 54' 46" N 036 53' 53" N 036 53' 42" N 036 49' 41" N 004 10' 56" E 004 20' 14" E 004 26' 24" E 004 45' 39" E 004 47' 30" E 005 00' 17" E

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ALGERIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST

BEJAIA TO TAZEROUT ISLAND (ALGERIAN CHART NO. 1210) Pisan Island - Ras Carbon BAY OF BEJAIA Ras Carbon - Grand El Aouana Grand El Aouana - Ras Afia Ras Afia - Bouhmam Bouhmam - Jijel Point Jijel Point - Tazerout Island 036 47' 17" N 036 49' 20" N 036 49' 48" N 036 49' 48" N 036 52' 04" N JIJEL TO RAS KALAA (ALGERIAN CHART NO. 1211) Tazerout Island - Point east of Oued El Kebir Point east of Oued El Kebir - Hadjra Sidi Mahchich Hadjra Sidi Mahchich - Ras El Maghreb Ras El Maghreb - Ras El Kmakem Ras El Kmakem - Kef Lekhal Kef Lekhal - Ras Bougaroun Ras Bougaroun - Rock east of Bougaroun Rock east of Bougaroun - Ras El Kbiba Ras El Kbiba - Kaf Djerda 036 53' 55" N 036 59' 15" N 037 01' 42" N 037 04' 12" N 037 05' 29" N 037 05' 28" N 037 05' 00" N 037 03' 22" N 037 01' 03" N 006 09' 08" E 006 14' 18" E 006 16' 00" E 006 20' 17" E 006 25' 00" E 006 28' 06" E 006 30' 18" E 006 32' 58" E 006 35' 07" E 005 36' 00" E 005 41' 36" E 005 44' 34" E 005 46' 24" E 006 04' 05" E 036 46' 43" N 005 06' 24" E

RAS KALAA TO RAS TOUKOUCH AND RAS TOUKOUCH TO RAS ROSA (ALGERIAN CHARTS NOS. 1212 AND 1213) Kef Djerda - Ras Kalaa 036 57' 55" N BAY OF SKIKDA Ras Kalaa - Rock east of Ras El Hadid Rock east of Ras El Hadid - Ras Toukouch Ras Toukouch - Axin Rock Axin Rock - Pain de Sucre Pain de Sucre - Ras El Hamra 037 05' 48" N 037 05' 11" N 037 03' 12" N 036 58' 51" N 036 58' 20" N BAY OF ANNABA Ras El Hamra - Ras Rosa Ras Rosa - Ras El Alem 036 57' 12" N 036 55' 00" N 008 14' 20" E 008 24' 17" E 007 12' 23" E 007 23' 45" E 007 30' 45" E 007 39' 40" E 007 47' 12" E 006 45' 12" E

RAS ROSA TO RAS KAVANSU (ALGERIAN CHART NO. 1414) ** Ras El Alem - Ain B'har Ain B'har - Algerian-Tunisian frontier 036 56' 43" N 036 56' 41" N 008 37' 00" E 008 38' 30" E

** (The law says Chart No. 1414. However, the numbering system would seem to indicate that it should read 1214.)

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Article 3 The waters within the baselines defined in the preceding article shall be regarded as internal waters fully subject to the jurisdiction resulting from national sovereignty. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT ALGERIA-TUNISIA The following is extracted from the Agreement between Algeria and Tunisia on the Provisional Arrangements for Delimiting the Maritime Boundaries, signed 11 February 2002. Article 1 The provision line of delimitation marking the maritime boundaries between the two countries shall consist of two segments connecting points P1, P2, P3 and P4, defined as follows: Point P1 designates marker No. 001 of the Tunisian-Algerian land boundary; Point P2 designates the point situated 4 nautical miles west of the Sorelles rocks; Point P3 designates the point of intersection of the line connecting points P1 and P2 with the line situated 52 nautical miles away delimiting in the north the Algerian exclusive fishing zone and measured from the Algerian baselines; Point P4 is the point with the following coordinates: 38 00 Latitude North; 007 50 Longitude East of Greenwich.

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ANGOLA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 92 Decree Law 21/92 12nm Rolled back 1975 excessive territorial sea claim from 20nm to 12nm. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 67 Decree Law 47,771 Pre-independence (Portugal) Portuguese STRAIGHT BASELINES, & legislation specifying straight baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS See LIS No. 28. Normal baseline declared to be low water mark (but unclear whether partial system of straight baselines from 1967 law is adopted). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 92 Decree Law 21/92 24nm Claims the right to prevent infractions at sea of customs, tax, sanitation, and immigration laws up to 24nm from the straight baseline. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 92 Decree Law 21/92 200 nm Declared EEZ from the straight baselines. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LAW OF THE SEA Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration CONVENTION reserving the right to interpret the Convention in the context of "Angolan sovereignty and territorial integrity. Dec 90 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is an extract from Angola Law 21/92 of 28 August 92. The territorial sea of the State of Angola extends up to twelve nautical miles from the low-water line or the straight baselines, as set forth in Decree-Law No. 47, 771 of 27 June 1967. Following are extracts from Portuguese Decree No. 47,771 of 27 June 1967: Article 1 Along the continental European coast and the coast of the Provinces of Guinea, Angola, and Mozambique, the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea, established in Section I of Law No. 2130, shall be supplemented by the straight closing lines and baselines defined by the points whose geographic coordinates are contained in the following tables: (3) Straight closing lines and baselines supplementing the normal baseline in Angola: TABLE C1.T3. ANGOLAN STRAIGHT CLOSING LINES ANGOLAN STRAIGHT CLOSING LINES POINTS Ponta Spilimberta Point of ilha da Luanda Point on ilha da Luanda LATITUDE SOUTH 08 35' 00" 08 45' 34" 08 47' 02" LONGITUDE EAST 13 22' 15" 13 15' 43" 13 13' 54" Aug 92 Decree Law 21/92

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ANGOLAN STRAIGHT CLOSING LINES POINTS Point S. of ponta do Mossulo Giraul Barreiras Brancas Praia do Navio Point S. of ponta da Marca U.S. ANALYSIS The following analysis of the Angolan straight baseline system is extracted from LIS, No. 28, "Straight Baselines: Angola," 10 November 1970. The decree creates straight baselines which, in effect, enclose Luanda Harbour and its associated waters, the Bay (Baia de) Mossamedes, and the Bay (Baia dos) Tigros. The latter two bays are situated in southwestern Angola, near the South-West Africa frontier. TABLE C1.T4. ANGOLAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS SEGMENT Ponta Spilimberta - unnamed point on Luanda Island LENGTH (NM) 12.75 COMMENTS The line closes the Bay of Bengo situated to the northeast of Luanda. Bengo does not meet the semi-circularity requirement of the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone to qualify as a bay even if the waters behind Luanda Island are included. The points chosen do not constitute the "natural closing points" of the bay; rather they extend beyond. However, the waters enclosed by the line would meet the criteria of a bay. It has not been determined if the two water bodies enclosed by the two segments could together be a legal bay. Luanda Island, however, cannot be said to fringe the coast. The southern point of this bay-closing line is beyond the natural closing point of the bay. It is a legal bay. The enclosed Baia dos Tigres is a geographical and legal bay although the "natural entrance points" have not been utilized by the closing line. More logical selections would extend the line from Ponta da Marca eastward to the opposite shore. All of this shore north of the latter point faces on the Atlantic rather than the bay. LATITUDE SOUTH 08 52' 42" 15 08' 02" 15 13' 00" 16 14' 09" 16 32' 39" LONGITUDE EAST 13 07' 42" 12 06' 40" 12 04' 07" 11 48' 00" 11 40' 20"

Unnamed point on Luanda Island - unnamed point south of Ponta Mussolo

8.25

Giraul - Barreiras Brancas Praia do Navio - unnamed point south of Ponta da Marca

5.5 20.3

The four shore segments created by the decree total only 46.8 nautical miles in length. The total natural coast line of Angola, including Cabinda, is greater than 800 nautical miles. Relatively speaking, the baselines represent a very small portion of the coast, closing off natural indentations on an otherwise featureless shoreline.

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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA

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ARGENTINA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 91 Law No. 23,968 12nm Rolled back 1967 excessive claim of 200nm. Dec 95 Declaration on ratifying LOS Convention Requires foreign warships to obtain permission prior to entering territorial sea.

This claim is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested claim in 1967. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 61 Joint declaration of Agreement to limits of the Rio de la Plata STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Argentina and Uruguay as historic waters. HISTORIC CLAIMS This claim is not recognized by the U.S. See LIS No. 44. The U.S. protested claim in 1963. Jan 67 Law No. 17,094 of Dec. 29, 1966 Some excessive straight baselines; closing lines established for San Matias, Nuevo, and San Jorge Bays. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. See LIS No. 44. The U.S. protested claim in 1967. Law No. 23,968 of Aug. Straight baseline claim. 14, 1991 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 91 Law No. 23,968 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Apr 75 Diplomatic Note 200nm/ Specifies regulations for marine scientific CM research. See LIS No. 64. 200nm/ CM _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Oct 46 Decree No. 14,708 Epicontinental seas declared to be subject to sovereign powers of nation; freedom of navigation preserved. Aug 91 Law No. 23,968 200nm Subsumed 1967 fishing zone. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Nov 58 Law No. 14,733 Prohibited the dumping of oily wastes over the continental shelf. REGULATION _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES 1881 Agreement Boundary agreement with Chile delimiting Tierra del Fuego and Straits of Magellan. Nov 73 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Uruguay. See LIS No. 64. Agreement with Chile delimiting a boundary in and seaward of Beagle Channel reaffirmed 1881 Agreement. Aug 91 Law No. 23,968 Sep 91

Nov 84

Agreement

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement, with Declaration reaffirming claim to disputed Falklands/Malvinas, etc. Reaffirms 1881 and 1984 treaties with Chile. Reiterates regulation of foreign warships through territorial sea. Vessels carrying highly radioactive substances must be duly regulated, but doesnt provide details. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the Rules Of Naval Ceremonies Manual (Argentine Navy Publication R-6-1-921). Chapter 13 Article 1307b Transit inside 12nm from the coast: In the waters under Argentine sovereignty understood to be inside of 12nm from the base lines (mean low tide mark), the transit of foreign warships will be considered a "visit" and will fall under the provisions established by such.... The transit to or from the Strait of Magellan through Argentine jurisdictional waters by the space understood between the limits which are indicated below: Transit shall be of expedited navigation nature and without obstructions on the part of the Argentine Authorities.... Warships shall give prior notice of their intentions to transit this sea space.... Article 1308 a.2. Transit of foreign warships inside 12nm from the coast shall be considered as an operational visit.... b.2. Steps: Operational Visits: Requests shall be made to the General Command of the Argentine Navy with no less than 48 hours of prior notice. The following is extracted from the Argentine Navigation Course Manual, Volume III. Access Zone to the Strait of Magellan The transit to or from the Strait of Magellan through Argentine jurisdictional waters in the space understood between the limits indicate[d] below shall be of expeditious navigation nature without obstruction on the part of Argentine authorities.... Warships shall make known their intentions prior to passing through this sea space.

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TABLE C1.T5. ACCESS ZONE TO THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN LIMIT Northern Limit Southern Limit Eastern Limit Western Limit Abeam the Cape Virgin Lighthouse at 52 20' South Abeam the Magellan Lighthouse at 52 39' 8" South The 12nm line indicated from the Argentine base line (mean low tide mark). From abeam the Cape Virgin Lighthouse towards the South along the mean low tide mark until the intersection of the international limit with Chile, continuing westward along this line until intersection the mean low tide mark on Isla Grande (Tierra del Fuego) and from there until intersection the Southern limit. AREA

HISTORIC WATERS AND BAY CLOSING LINE CLAIMS U.S. ANALYSIS The following analysis is extracted from LIS, No. 44, "Straight Baselines: Argentina" of 10 August 1972. As a result of a joint declaration with Uruguay in 1961 and Law No. 17,094 of 29 December 1966, Argentina claimed Rio de la Plata as historic waters and established bay closing lines (joining the capes that form their mouths) for San Matias, Nuevo, and San Jorge Bays. The following analysis of these claims is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 44, "Straight Baselines: Argentina," 10 August 1972. (This analysis is based on the 1958 Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone. However, the same results would be derived from an analysis under the international law reflected in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.) The Rio de la Plata . . . does not fulfill the geographic requirements for a river in spite of its generic designation in Spanish. The Rio is an estuary or a type of geographic gulf or bay as a consequence of its configuration and dimensions. The closing line delimited in the declaration measures approximately 120 nautical miles from Punta del Este to Cabo San Antonio. Were the water body to be considered a juridical bay or estuary, the closing line would exceed the maximum length permitted by the Convention [1958 Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone]. In contrast, the Convention does not prescribe a maximum limit for a river closing line. The Plata estuary, however, does not conform to the geomorphic concepts of a river. As a result, the provisions of the Convention's Article 7 on historic bays would be presumed to apply. The first six paragraphs, at least, pertain to bays which belong to a single state. The final paragraph on historic bays presents a far more complicated situation. Golfo Nuevo is a juridical bay within Article 7 of the Convention. The closing line measures approximately 9.5 nautical miles. Golfo San Matias and Golfo San Jorge do not conform to the requirements of a juridical bay in that they cannot be closed by 24 nautical mile closing lines. They both, however, would meet the semi-circle criterion and could qualify as oversized bays. The closing line for San Matias measures approximately 65 nautical miles while that for San Jorge, 123 nautical miles. Evidence to support its status as an historic bay has not been uncovered. Within the framework of Article 4 of the Convention on the Territorial Sea, the four bays form nearly isolated, albeit pronounced, indentations along a generally smooth coast. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS ARGENTINA - URUGUAY The following is extracted from the Treaty between Argentina and Uruguay concerning the Rio de la Plata and the Corresponding Maritime Boundary, signed 19 November 1973. Chapter I Jurisdiction Article 1 The Rio de la Plata extends from the parallel of Punta Gorda to an imaginary straight line joining Punta del Este (Uruguay) and Punta Rasa del Cabo San Antonio (Argentina), in conformity with the provisions of the Treaty on the Limits of the Uruguay River of April 7, 1961 and the Joint Declaration on the Outer Limit of the Rio de la Plata of January 30, 1961.

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Article 2 A strip of exclusive jurisdiction adjacent to each Party's coast on the river is hereby established. This coastal strip shall be seven nautical miles wide between the outer limit of the river and an imaginary straight line joining Colonia (Uruguay) and Punta Lara (Argentina) and two nautical miles wide from that line to the parallel of Punta Gorda. However, the outer limits of the strips shall be deflected as necessary in order that they will not overlap with the limits of channels located in waters of common use and so as to include port access channels. Such limits shall not be less than 500 meters distant from the limits of channels located in waters of common use or more than 500 meters distant from the limits or mouths of port access channels. Article 3 Outside the coastal strips, the jurisdiction of each Party shall apply to the Party's own flag vessels. That jurisdiction shall also apply to third-country flag vessels involved in accidents with vessels of that Party. The provisions of the first and second paragraphs notwithstanding, the jurisdiction of a Party shall apply in all cases involving its security or when unlawful acts are committed that may have an effect in its territory, irrespective of the flag of the vessel involved. If the security of both Parties is involved, or if the unlawful act has an effect in both territories, the jurisdiction of the Party whose coastal strip is nearest to the place where the vessel is apprehended shall prevail. Article 10 The Parties may use, under equal conditions and in any circumstances, the channels located in the waters of common use. Article 11 In the waters of common use, navigation by public and private vessels of the countries of the Rio de la Plata basin and public and private third-flag merchant ships, shall be permitted without prejudice to rights previously granted the Parties under treaties in force. Moreover, each Party shall permit the passage of third-flag warships authorized by the other Party, provided such passage does not affect its order or security. Article 41 Each party may explore and exploit the resources of the bed and subsoil of the river in the areas adjacent to their respective coasts up to a line determined by the following geographic points.... TABLE C1.T6. ARGENTINE COORDINATES FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION ARGENTINE COORDINATES FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION POINTS 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 LATITUDE SOUTH 34 12' 0" 34 13' 3" 34 15' 2" 34 17' 7" 34 20' 0" 34 21' 7" 34 22' 8" 34 26' 6" 34 33' 0" 34 40' 0" 34 47' 0" 34 52' 0" LONGITUDE WEST 58 15' 1" 58 12' 5" 58 10' 0" 58 05' 5" 58 03' 9" 58 01' 2" 58 00' 6" 57 56' 4" 57 56' 1" 57 57' 1" 57 32' 0" 57 20' 0"

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ARGENTINE COORDINATES FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION POINTS 21 22 23 LATITUDE SOUTH 35 11' 0" 35 10' 3" 35 38' 0" LONGITUDE WEST 57 00' 0" 56 43' 0" 55 52' 0"

Chapter XIV Lateral Maritime Boundary Article 70 The lateral maritime boundary and the continental shelf boundary between the Oriental Republic of Uruguay and the Argentine Republic are defined by an equidistant line, determined by the adjacent coasts methods, which begins at the midpoint of the baselines consisting of an imaginary straight line that joins Punta del Este (Uruguay) and Punta Rasa del Cabo San Antonio (Argentina). Chapter XV Article 72 Both Parties guarantee the freedom of navigation and overflight of the seas under their respective jurisdictions seaward of 12nm measured from the corresponding baselines, and, in the mouth of the Rio de la Plata beginning at its outer limit, without restrictions other than those deriving from the exercise by each party of its powers with regard to exploration, conservation, and exploitation of resources, protection and preservation of the environment, scientific research, and construction and emplacement of installations, and of those powers referred to in Article 86. Chapter XX Article 85 Questions relating to the defense of the entire focal area of the Plata River shall be in the exclusive jurisdiction of the Parties. ARGENTINA - CHILE The following is extracted from the Treaty of 1881 between Argentina and Chile delimiting Tierra del Fuego and the Straits of Magellan. III. Tierra del Fuego is divided by a line starting from Cape Espiritu Santo at latitude 52 40' S, and following longitude 68 34' W to Beagle Channel. Divided thus, Tierra del Fuego is Chilean to the west and Argentine to the east. In regard to the other islands, Isla de los Estados belongs to [Argentina], with the islets next it, and the other islands in the Atlantic and east of Tierra del Fuego and the coasts of Patagonia; while to Chile belong all the islands south of Beagle Channel down to Cape Horn, and those west of Tierra del Fuego. V. Magellan's Straits are neutralized forever, and free navigation is guaranteed to the flags of all nations. To insure this liberty and neutrality no fortifications or military defenses shall be erected that could interfere with this object. The following is extracted from the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Argentina and Chile, signed 29 November 1984. Maritime Delimitation Article 7 Within the sea in the Southern Region, the boundary line between the respective sovereignties over the sea, land and subsoil of the Argentine Republic and the Republic of Chile, parting from the termination of the delimitation already existing in the Beagle Channel, that is to say the point set by the coordinates of 55 7' 3" of latitude South and 66 25' 0" of longitude West, shall be a line joining the following points as indicated below: Starting from the point set by the coordinates of 55 07' 3" S and 66 25' 0" W (Point A), a loxodromic line shall be drawn towards the South East until it reaches a point situated between the coast of Isla Nueva and the Isla Grane de Tierra del Fuego, whose coordinates are 55 11' 0" S, 66 4' 7" W (Point B); from there, the line shall continue in a South Easterly direction at an angle of 45 degrees measured from the aforementioned Point B, and shall be prolonged until reaching a point whose coordinates are 55 22' 9" S, 65 43' 6" W (Point C); continuing directly towards the South along the aforementioned meridian until reaching the parallel 56 22' 8" S (Point D); from there it shall continue along this parallel situated 24 marine miles to the South of the southernmost tip of Horn Island toward the West until it intersects to the meridian corresponding to the southernmost tip of Horn Island at the coordinates of 56 22' 8" S, 67 16' 0" W (Point E). From there, the boundary line shall continue towards the South until it touches the point whose coordinates are 58 21' 1" S, 67 16' 0" W (Point F). The Exclusive Economic Zones of the Argentine Republic and of the Republic of Chile shall extend, respectively, to the East and to the West of the boundary line thus described.

DoD 2005.1-M
To the South of the final point of the boundary (Point F), the [EEZ] of [Chile] shall be prolonged as far as International Law allows, to the West of the meridian of 67 16' 0" W, and shall border to the East with the high seas. Article 8 The Parties agree that, within the area comprised between Cape Horn and the easternmost portion of Staten Island, the legal effects of the territorial sea shall be restricted in their mutual relations to three marine miles, measured from their respective baselines. Within the area indicated above each Party may invoke the maximum breadth of territorial sea allowed by International Law in regard to third Party States. Article 10 [Argentina and Chile] agree that at the eastern extremity of the Straits of Magellan, determined by Pont Dengeness in the North and the Cape of Espiritu Santo in the South, the boundary line between their respective jurisdictions shall be a straight line joining the "Boundary Mark Ex-Beacon Point Dungeness' situated at the tip of said geographic accident, and "Boundary Marker I Cape Espiritu Santo" in Tierra del Fuego. The sovereignty of [Argentina and Chile] over the sea, land and subsoil shall extend respectively, to the East and to the West of this boundary line. The delimitation agreed upon herein, in no way affects the provisions of the Boundary Treaty of 1881, according to which the Straits of Magellan are perpetually neutralized and freedom of navigation is assured to ships of all flags under the terms of Article 5 of said Treaty. [Argentina] assumes the obligation to maintain, at all times and under any circumstances, the right of ships of all flags to navigate expeditiously and without obstacles through its jurisdictional waters towards and away from the Straits of Magellan.

DoD 2005.1-M

AUSTRALIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 83 Proclamation of Feb. 4, Various Limits of certain islands fixed in the Torres 1983 Strait Treaty. Nov 90 Seas & Submerged Lands Act Maritime Legislation Amendment Act of 1994 12nm Not applicable to islands cited above.

Jul 94

12nm

Amends Seas and Submerged Lands Act of 1973; incorporates all of above by reference.

Extends territorial sea in southern area of Gulf of Carpentaria to include roadstead near Port of Karumba, in Queensland. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Oct 67 Ministerial Statement Established closing lines for all bays up to STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 24nm in width. Claimed as historic bays, HISTORIC CLAIMS Shark Bay, St. Vincent Gulf and Spencer Gulf. Dec 73 Seas and Submerged Lands Act Proclamation of the Inner Limits (the Baseline) Enabling legislation for straight baselines.

Aug 2000

Proclamation

Feb 83

Straight baselines established for the coasts of the mainland, Tasmania, and islands off the coasts of the states and Northern Territory; outer limits of territorial sea established for certain islands within Queensland. Established straight baselines and declared Anxious Bay, Encounter Bay, Lacepede Bay and Rivoli Bay as historic bays.

Mar 87

Proclamation

The U.S. does not recognize these historic bay claims. Diplomatic protest made in 1991. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jul 94 Maritime Legislation 24nm Amendment Act 1994 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Apr 70 Continental Shelf (Living Regulated the taking of sedentary Natural Resources) Act organisms on the continental shelf. 1968 (amended 1981) Dec 73 Seas and Submerged Lands Act Off-shore Installations (Misc. Amendments Act 1982) Defined as in 1958 Convention.

Jun 82

Applies customs, quarantine, immigration and certain other laws to off-shore installations.

Maritime Legislation 200nm/ Defined as in the LOS Convention Amendment Act of 1994 CM (amends Dec 73 Act). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Jul 94

Oct 81

200nm

Prohibited the taking of cetaceans in fishing zone except by permit. Regulations for conduct of scientific research in fishing zone and territorial sea and on continental shelf. Extends operation of the Environment Protection (Dumping) Act of 1981 throughout fishing zone.

Oct 83

Dec 84

Environment Protection Regulations (Amendment)

Jul 94

Maritime Legislation Amendment Act 1994

200nm

EEZ established, defined as in UNCLOS. Includes 200nm EEZ for claimed Antarctic territory.

This claim to Antarctic territory EEZ is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested claim in 1994. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Dec 84 Environment Protection 200nm Extends operation of the Environment REGULATION Regulations (Amendment) Protection (Dumping) Act of 1981 throughout fishing zone. Nov 91 IMO Resolution Identified Great Barrier Reef as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA). Ship reporting system for Torres Strait region and the Inner Route of the Great Barrier Reef. EIF January 1, 1997. Ship reporting system between longitude 14145'E and 14345'E, centered on 10S latitude, including the Endeavour Strait, and the waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) between the Australian coast and the outer edge of the GBR, from the latitude of Cape York (1040'S) southwards to 22S. Compulsory pilotage rules in northern section of Inner Route (Cape York to Cairns) and in Hydrographers Passage. These measures do not apply to sovereign immune vessels. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES 1971-74 Agreements (3) With Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, establishing maritime boundaries (territorial sea, seabed, fishery zone) and supplementary agreement in the area of Timor and Arafura Seas. See LIS No. 87.

Dec 95

IMO Resolution

Sep 88

Agreement

Mar 97

Agreement

EEZ and continental shelf boundary agreement with New Zealand. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Oct 94 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Jul 2004

Agreement

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The comprehensive Australian straight baseline system is contained in two Proclamations of the Commonwealth of Australia of 4 February 1983. The Proclamations first present textual material giving guidelines and definitions, followed by coordinates for the straight baseline systems of the following areas: coast of the mainland of Australia; coast of the mainland of Tasmania; islands off the coasts of the states and the Northern Territory; and other islands including those within Queensland. Following are extracts from the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, No. S29.9 of 9 February 1983, providing the coordinates of the straight baseline systems of the above areas. TABLE C1.T7. AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: COAST OF THE MAINLAND OF AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND AUSTRALIA Point o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

32 44 35 32 44 28 32 44 30 32 44 37 32 44 47 32 44 57 32 45 06 32 45 19

152 11 08 152 11 29 152 11 53 152 12 16 152 12 23 152 12 17 152 12 13 152 11 14

32 44 28 32 44 30 32 44 37 32 44 47 32 44 57 32 45 06 32 45 19 32 45 28

152 11 29 152 11 53 152 12 16 152 12 23 152 12 17 152 12 13 152 11 14 152 10 41

DoD 2005.1-M
AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND AUSTRALIA Point o 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

32 45 28 32 45 52 32 46 01 32 46 12 32 46 13 36 43 35 36 43 50 36 45 20 36 45 57 36 46 13 36 46 52 36 47 16 39 08 20 39 08 32 39 09 37 39 09 35 39 06 59 39 04 21 39 01 20 38 59 43 35 38 41 35 45 38 35 46 53 35 47 15 35 53 15 34 57 12 32 54 23 32 43 36 32 34 55 32 33 48 32 30 28 32 13 31 32 08 40

152 10 41 152 10 17 152 09 37 152 09 04 152 08 38 149 59 26 149 59 24 149 58 58 149 58 48 149 58 41 149 58 23 149 58 08 146 22 22 146 22 02 146 18 40 146 17 30 146 13 58 146 13 15 146 14 08 146 14 43 138 31 19 138 18 10 138 17 26 138 17 09 136 31 58 135 37 22 134 03 32 133 57 46 133 16 44 133 16 35 133 14 52 133 06 37 132 59 17

32 45 52 32 46 01 32 46 12 32 46 13 32 47 10 36 43 50 36 45 20 36 45 57 36 46 13 36 46 52 36 47 16 36 47 35 39 08 32 39 09 35 39 09 39 39 07 08 39 05 13 39 01 25 38 59 45 38 59 42 35 45 38 35 46 39 35 47 06 35 50 42 34 57 12 34 56 54 32 43 36 32 35 11 32 33 48 32 30 54 32 13 31 32 08 45 32 07 37

152 10 17 152 09 37 152 09 04 152 08 38 152 07 24 149 59 24 149 58 58 149 58 48 149 58 41 149 58 23 149 58 08 149 57 43 146 22 02 146 18 50 146 17 38 146 14 08 146 13 26 146 14 07 146 14 41 146 14 51 138 18 10 138 17 34 138 17 20 138 07 57 135 37 22 135 37 24 133 57 46 133 17 04 133 16 35 133 15 02 133 06 37 132 59 19 132 58 43

DoD 2005.1-M
AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND AUSTRALIA Point o 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

32 07 37 33 58 52 34 01 30 34 03 15 34 04 20 34 07 13 34 09 55 34 07 54 34 11 58 34 12 44 34 13 33 34 14 00 34 10 51 34 02 38 33 52 26 32 22 15 32 21 16 32 19 55 32 19 23 32 18 18 32 15 56 32 09 20 32 07 20 32 04 03 31 59 27 26 08 42 25 28 52 24 59 36 24 45 30 24 44 58 21 46 56 21 39 38 21 37 19

132 58 43 123 17 10 123 17 25 123 15 27 123 14 10 123 12 20 123 08 00 122 50 43 122 29 42 122 20 48 122 08 49 122 03 52 121 56 32 121 36 13 121 20 39 115 42 42 115 41 11 115 41 22 115 41 15 115 41 16 115 41 04 115 39 27 115 39 23 115 38 00 115 32 28 113 09 26 112 58 11 113 06 56 113 09 10 113 09 35 114 09 33 114 20 38 114 23 30

32 01 52 34 00 57 34 03 15 34 04 20 34 06 27 34 09 59 34 07 54 34 11 58 34 12 44 34 13 33 34 14 00 34 10 51 34 02 38 33 52 26 33 51 06 32 21 16 32 19 55 32 19 23 32 18 18 32 16 21 32 14 44 32 07 20 32 04 03 32 01 47 31 56 22 26 07 28 25 16 33 24 59 14 24 45 07 24 29 32 21 43 17 21 39 02 21 35 57

132 28 16 123 17 30 123 15 27 123 14 10 123 12 52 123 08 45 122 50 43 122 29 42 122 20 48 122 08 49 122 03 52 121 56 32 121 36 13 121 20 39 121 15 56 115 41 11 115 41 22 115 41 15 115 41 16 115 41 03 115 40 44 115 39 23 115 38 00 115 31 39 115 45 10 113 10 48 113 04 23 113 07 02 113 09 32 113 24 22 114 17 43 114 20 55 114 30 25

DoD 2005.1-M
AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND AUSTRALIA Point o 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

21 35 57 21 30 50 21 15 11 20 56 54 20 53 49 20 40 01 20 34 07 20 26 06 20 22 07 20 24 20 20 28 36 20 26 33 20 25 24 20 26 20 20 32 55 20 34 43 16 23 40 16 23 07 16 16 40 16 02 02 15 51 52 15 51 02 15 20 20 15 12 49 15 02 46 14 59 14 14 51 43 14 30 42 14 23 05 14 17 16 14 14 30 14 06 03 13 55 19

114 30 25 114 45 57 115 01 21 115 18 31 115 19 10 115 26 08 115 26 31 115 29 58 115 32 17 115 35 05 116 32 08 116 36 51 116 57 30 117 06 09 117 10 35 117 11 59 122 55 27 122 55 25 123 03 33 123 18 42 123 38 24 123 40 15 124 10 59 124 15 26 124 19 16 124 31 58 124 42 23 124 55 02 124 58 20 125 12 28 125 19 11 125 33 14 125 37 06

21 31 51 21 15 11 20 58 29 20 56 24 20 53 37 20 34 07 20 26 06 20 21 56 20 22 43 20 28 36 20 26 33 20 21 19 20 25 55 20 32 55 20 34 43 20 37 58 16 23 10 16 16 40 16 02 46 15 52 34 15 51 02 15 20 20 15 12 49 15 02 46 14 59 14 14 51 43 14 30 42 14 24 31 14 17 16 14 14 30 14 06 04 13 55 19 13 48 09

114 44 54 115 01 21 115 19 28 115 18 57 115 19 12 115 26 31 115 29 58 115 31 41 115 33 28 116 32 08 116 36 51 116 49 49 117 04 04 117 10 35 117 11 59 117 12 12 122 55 15 123 03 33 123 16 14 123 37 56 123 40 15 124 10 59 124 15 26 124 19 16 124 31 58 124 42 23 124 55 02 124 57 17 125 12 28 125 19 11 125 33 13 125 37 06 125 47 55

DoD 2005.1-M
AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND AUSTRALIA Point o 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

13 48 09 13 44 13 13 44 48 13 47 41 14 52 41 12 40 14 11 20 49 11 11 20 11 09 21 11 07 24 11 06 47 11 05 57 10 58 12 10 58 05 11 05 35 11 10 13 11 56 59 11 55 33 11 54 25 11 45 18 11 38 17 11 37 20 11 37 05 11 34 59 11 32 38 11 28 26 11 24 54 11 02 27 11 01 38 11 00 24 11 01 30 11 02 04 11 39 19

125 47 55 126 08 49 126 20 58 126 35 23 129 01 35 130 20 53 130 15 02 131 16 40 131 51 45 132 08 05 132 11 19 132 17 20 132 35 34 132 49 53 132 59 42 132 55 32 134 44 51 135 07 13 135 09 09 135 52 29 136 01 13 136 01 33 136 01 50 136 05 05 136 07 14 136 25 45 136 28 53 136 43 24 136 43 50 136 45 41 136 45 58 136 46 00 136 50 14

13 44 13 13 44 48 13 47 41 13 43 56 14 25 45 11 49 32 11 10 15 11 09 21 11 07 17 11 06 47 11 05 57 11 01 18 10 58 03 11 01 57 11 10 13 11 19 59 11 54 31 11 54 46 11 57 03 11 40 52 11 37 20 11 37 05 11 35 39 11 33 45 11 28 26 11 24 54 11 23 30 11 02 04 11 00 32 11 01 30 11 01 42 11 39 19 12 01 55

126 08 49 126 20 58 126 35 23 126 46 27 129 21 04 130 02 55 130 22 18 131 51 45 131 58 06 132 11 19 132 17 20 132 27 21 132 49 11 132 58 15 132 55 32 132 54 57 135 01 43 135 08 28 135 35 34 135 57 05 136 01 33 136 01 50 136 04 23 136 06 15 136 25 45 136 28 53 136 29 46 136 43 40 136 44 06 136 45 58 136 45 56 136 50 14 136 53 00

DoD 2005.1-M
AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND AUSTRALIA Point o 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

12 01 55 12 30 27 12 30 40 12 31 04 12 35 11 12 35 29 12 43 12 12 44 46 12 46 49 12 53 23 13 00 21 13 37 43 13 37 47 13 48 29 14 10 21 14 13 15 14 15 53 14 18 06 14 21 16 14 21 14 14 20 24 14 18 21 14 14 52 15 24 12 15 30 03 15 30 01 15 29 42 15 30 04 15 37 16 15 45 07 15 45 29 15 51 11 15 52 04

136 53 00 136 48 15 136 48 27 136 48 42 136 46 20 136 45 56 136 43 53 136 43 29 136 43 23 136 43 47 136 40 04 136 57 43 136 57 45 136 55 27 136 59 01 136 58 46 136 59 00 136 57 52 136 56 47 136 55 30 136 49 18 136 39 22 136 19 29 136 15 23 136 35 13 136 53 15 136 55 08 136 57 19 137 05 41 137 06 20 137 06 22 137 04 36 137 04 04

12 20 35 12 30 31 12 30 56 12 34 59 12 35 15 12 43 12 12 44 46 12 46 49 12 52 59 13 00 21 13 37 34 13 37 44 13 48 29 14 10 21 14 13 15 14 15 36 14 18 06 14 20 56 14 21 11 14 20 24 14 18 47 14 17 53 14 11 52 15 30 03 15 30 18 15 29 42 15 30 04 15 36 59 15 45 00 15 45 13 15 46 16 15 51 18 15 58 06

136 58 41 136 48 20 136 48 39 136 46 37 136 46 13 136 43 53 136 43 29 136 43 23 136 43 48 136 40 04 136 57 35 136 57 44 136 55 27 136 59 01 136 58 46 136 59 03 136 57 52 136 57 05 136 56 34 136 49 18 136 39 32 136 38 52 135 53 46 136 35 13 136 52 06 136 55 08 136 57 19 137 05 36 137 06 21 137 06 22 137 06 24 137 04 26 137 09 26

DoD 2005.1-M
AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND AUSTRALIA Point o 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

16 54 53 16 53 13 16 52 05 16 48 47 16 40 36 16 30 24 16 13 50 16 27 10 16 26 48 16 26 32 16 29 37 16 39 42 16 42 41 17 08 46 11 05 06 10 58 33 10 53 16 10 51 10 10 36 22 10 21 28 10 15 34 10 15 05 10 13 13 10 07 25 10 02 44 09 55 50 09 56 15 09 56 51 09 58 40 10 04 58 10 09 41 10 11 57 10 14 52

139 02 24 139 02 39 139 03 20 139 05 24 139 09 49 139 14 24 139 15 10 139 40 35 139 43 29 139 46 21 139 48 54 139 53 26 139 50 26 139 36 56 142 08 00 142 05 57 142 01 21 142 01 12 141 54 23 142 02 29 142 02 09 142 02 08 142 03 06 142 03 02 142 03 30 142 09 16 142 10 40 142 12 38 142 14 19 142 19 38 142 31 00 142 30 56 142 29 28

16 53 13 16 52 05 16 48 47 16 45 05 16 40 13 16 13 56 16 23 33 16 26 48 16 26 30 16 29 37 16 39 04 16 42 41 17 03 40 17 24 41 10 59 42 10 53 16 10 51 10 10 36 22 10 21 28 10 15 34 10 15 05 10 13 13 10 07 25 10 02 44 09 55 50 09 56 15 09 56 51 09 58 40 10 04 58 10 09 18 10 11 19 10 14 52 10 27 54

139 02 39 139 03 20 139 05 24 139 08 16 139 09 55 139 14 58 139 32 46 139 43 29 139 46 08 139 48 54 139 53 38 139 50 26 139 37 32 139 29 55 142 06 02 142 01 21 142 01 12 141 54 23 142 02 29 142 02 09 142 02 08 142 03 06 142 03 02 142 03 30 142 09 16 142 10 40 142 12 38 142 14 19 142 19 38 142 30 37 142 31 17 142 29 28 142 27 00

DoD 2005.1-M
AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND AUSTRALIA Point o 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

10 27 54 10 35 52 10 39 40 10 43 21 10 50 24 11 00 31 11 11 18 11 24 32 11 41 56 11 49 57 11 56 06 12 17 53 12 24 16 12 48 45 12 53 17 12 59 24 13 09 06 13 20 49 13 28 08 13 38 43 13 54 16 14 03 08 14 05 14 14 06 47 14 18 51 14 23 59 14 40 06 14 44 43 14 49 31 15 01 40 15 07 22 17 39 04 17 39 16

142 27 00 142 38 31 142 45 40 142 46 47 142 46 57 142 59 44 143 07 15 143 05 01 143 11 18 143 29 43 143 29 21 143 25 09 143 29 20 143 36 42 143 36 17 143 37 03 143 37 03 143 47 16 143 45 31 143 44 36 143 50 40 144 16 03 144 20 10 144 31 31 144 51 44 144 58 51 145 28 36 145 30 57 145 33 17 145 26 50 145 25 42 146 08 54 146 09 22

10 35 52 10 39 23 10 43 21 10 50 24 11 00 14 11 09 10 11 24 32 11 41 56 11 49 08 11 56 06 12 17 53 12 24 16 12 48 45 12 53 17 12 59 24 13 09 06 13 18 10 13 28 08 13 38 43 13 54 16 14 03 08 14 05 14 14 06 47 14 18 51 14 23 59 14 38 47 14 44 43 14 49 31 15 01 40 15 07 22 15 16 31 17 39 16 17 40 33

142 38 31 142 45 19 142 46 47 142 46 57 142 59 20 143 04 33 143 05 01 143 11 18 143 29 11 143 29 21 143 25 09 143 29 20 143 36 42 143 36 17 143 37 03 143 37 03 143 47 04 143 45 31 143 44 36 143 50 40 144 16 03 144 20 10 144 31 31 144 51 44 144 58 51 145 27 09 145 30 57 145 33 17 145 26 50 145 25 42 145 21 27 146 09 22 146 10 50

DoD 2005.1-M
AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND AUSTRALIA Point o 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

17 40 44 17 44 21 17 58 12 18 02 21 18 09 31 18 14 13 18 25 16 18 32 38 18 44 34 18 46 25 19 06 36 19 57 38 19 58 28 19 59 23 20 00 55 20 02 16 20 03 41 20 14 31 20 15 18 20 29 02 20 36 08 20 43 42 20 45 42 20 56 45 20 59 29 21 01 13 21 06 30 21 28 15 21 40 28 21 45 57 21 56 21 21 57 09 21 57 20

146 10 52 146 09 44 146 10 50 146 12 03 146 18 22 146 19 35 146 21 25 146 30 06 146 41 19 146 43 02 146 52 50 148 13 19 148 27 20 148 33 33 148 37 25 148 53 00 148 57 51 149 10 24 149 11 05 149 07 58 149 11 14 149 27 57 149 37 19 149 44 02 149 47 54 149 54 42 149 57 50 150 18 35 150 21 22 150 26 27 150 41 28 150 42 06 150 42 05

17 44 21 17 58 12 18 02 21 18 09 31 18 14 13 18 25 16 18 32 38 18 44 34 18 46 25 19 06 36 19 10 59 19 58 23 19 59 23 20 00 55 20 02 16 20 03 41 20 14 31 20 15 18 20 29 02 20 36 08 20 43 42 20 45 42 20 56 45 20 59 29 21 00 11 21 06 30 21 28 06 21 40 28 21 45 57 21 56 21 21 57 09 21 57 13 22 05 30

146 09 44 146 10 50 146 12 03 146 18 22 146 19 35 146 21 25 146 30 06 146 41 19 146 43 02 146 52 50 147 00 44 148 26 59 148 33 33 148 37 25 148 53 00 148 57 51 149 10 24 149 11 05 149 07 58 149 11 14 149 27 57 149 37 19 149 44 02 149 47 54 149 54 18 149 57 50 150 18 29 150 21 22 150 26 27 150 41 28 150 42 06 150 42 07 150 40 34

DoD 2005.1-M
AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND AUSTRALIA Point o 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

22 05 30 22 20 18 22 24 46 22 27 00 22 28 42 22 39 20 22 44 11 23 09 19 23 11 56 23 24 34 23 29 17 23 31 56 23 48 25 23 48 55 23 57 11 23 58 30 23 58 43 24 45 16 25 47 42 26 48 13 27 01 45 27 23 34 27 25 12 27 43 58 27 55 42

150 40 34 150 43 13 150 44 53 150 45 52 150 46 21 150 57 40 150 59 50 151 05 06 151 06 04 151 11 02 151 14 17 151 16 43 151 22 04 151 23 16 151 29 23 151 37 30 151 46 25 152 24 22 153 04 37 153 09 02 153 28 04 153 33 08 153 33 12 153 26 58 153 25 29

22 20 18 22 24 46 22 27 00 22 28 42 22 39 20 22 43 38 23 09 19 23 11 56 23 24 34 23 29 17 23 31 56 23 45 14 23 48 55 23 57 11 23 58 30 23 58 43 24 08 58 24 41 55 25 48 44 27 01 45 27 23 34 27 25 12 27 26 18 27 44 49 27 56 19

150 43 13 150 44 53 150 45 52 150 46 21 150 57 40 150 59 26 151 05 06 151 06 04 151 11 02 151 14 17 151 16 43 151 20 00 151 23 16 151 29 23 151 37 30 151 46 25 151 53 04 153 15 08 153 04 08 153 28 04 153 33 08 153 33 12 153 32 44 153 26 44 153 25 39

TABLE C1.T8. AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: COAST OF THE MAINLAND OF TASMANIA AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND TASMANIA Point o 1 2 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

41 51 19 41 51 30

148 16 30 148 17 18

41 51 30 41 52 19

148 17 18 148 18 46

DoD 2005.1-M
AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND TASMANIA Point o 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

41 52 19 41 52 43 41 53 25 42 13 21 42 20 36 42 39 04 43 07 30 43 13 19 43 14 42 43 14 50 43 32 03 43 38 38 43 39 57 43 39 55 43 34 23 43 29 24 43 29 07 43 28 06 43 28 05 43 26 09 43 25 45 43 25 21 43 25 16 43 25 09 43 22 58 40 50 01 40 50 03 40 50 00 40 49 43 40 49 23 40 48 50 40 48 20 40 48 09

148 18 46 148 18 53 148 18 30 148 20 44 148 20 38 148 10 04 148 03 13 148 00 38 148 00 20 148 00 14 147 17 54 146 49 26 146 15 35 146 14 50 146 01 45 146 01 34 146 01 27 146 00 18 146 00 15 145 59 51 145 57 53 145 55 56 145 55 15 145 55 08 145 55 08 144 42 29 144 42 14 144 42 10 144 41 56 144 41 46 144 41 38 144 41 41 144 41 48

41 52 43 41 53 25 41 53 48 42 20 33 42 39 04 43 07 30 43 13 19 43 14 14 43 14 50 43 32 03 43 38 22 43 39 57 43 39 55 43 34 26 43 34 19 43 29 07 43 28 09 43 28 05 43 26 09 43 25 48 43 25 21 43 25 16 43 25 14 43 22 58 43 22 56 40 50 05 40 50 01 40 49 43 40 49 23 40 48 50 40 48 20 40 48 14 40 48 07

148 18 53 148 18 30 148 18 28 148 20 41 148 10 04 148 03 13 148 00 38 148 00 28 148 00 14 147 17 54 146 52 12 146 15 35 146 14 50 146 01 45 146 01 43 146 01 27 146 00 22 146 00 15 145 59 51 145 57 58 145 55 56 145 55 15 145 55 13 145 55 08 144 55 15 144 42 15 144 42 12 144 41 56 144 41 46 144 41 38 144 41 41 144 41 45 144 41 51

DoD 2005.1-M
AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MAINLAND TASMANIA Point o 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

40 48 07 40 44 11 40 43 33 40 43 10 40 40 20 40 37 39 40 36 33 40 35 03 40 34 00 40 33 50 40 30 26 40 29 44 40 24 02 40 23 24 40 25 39

144 41 51 144 40 59 144 40 32 144 40 26 144 40 06 144 40 34 144 40 51 144 40 41 144 40 34 144 40 39 144 42 11 144 42 05 144 47 03 144 53 03 144 58 07

40 48 00 40 43 33 40 43 10 40 40 20 40 37 39 40 36 33 40 35 03 40 34 00 40 33 50 40 30 26 40 29 44 40 29 15 40 23 24 40 23 23 40 42 42

144 42 03 144 40 32 144 40 26 144 40 06 144 40 34 144 40 51 144 40 41 144 40 34 144 40 39 144 42 11 144 42 05 144 42 22 144 58 03 144 53 23 145 16 21

TABLE C1.T9. AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ISLANDS OFF THE COASTS OF THE STATES AND THE NORTHERN TERRITORY AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ISLANDS OFF THE STATES AND NORTHERN TERRITORY Point o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

40 12 45 40 29 27 40 31 27 40 33 51 40 34 01 40 33 29 40 29 53 40 22 54 40 17 58 40 17 43 40 07 50

148 20 01 148 23 46 148 20 43 148 14 44 148 06 42 148 05 44 148 01 01 147 53 33 147 47 00 147 46 44 147 43 10

40 17 39 40 31 14 40 33 51 40 35 29 40 33 29 40 29 53 40 22 54 40 19 02 40 17 54 40 08 00 40 06 19

148 19 53 148 20 53 148 14 44 148 11 45 148 05 44 148 01 01 147 53 33 147 48 02 147 46 55 147 43 10 147 43 27

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AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ISLANDS OFF THE STATES AND NORTHERN TERRITORY Point o 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

40 05 35 54 45 54 54 46 00 54 46 30 54 46 36 54 46 42 54 46 48 54 46 24 54 45 54 54 45 30 54 44 54 54 44 42 54 43 48 54 41 48 54 41 12 54 39 48 54 38 12 54 36 54 54 36 30 54 35 36 54 35 12 54 34 12 54 32 36 54 31 54 54 31 12 54 31 00 54 30 06 28 52 36 28 45 13 28 29 04 28 17 46 28 25 36 28 27 44

147 43 16 158 51 36 158 51 36 158 51 30 158 51 36 158 51 24 158 49 06 158 47 36 158 47 36 158 47 48 158 48 00 158 48 00 158 48 24 158 49 00 158 49 00 158 49 18 158 49 54 158 50 12 158 50 18 158 51 06 158 51 12 158 51 48 158 52 18 158 52 12 158 52 12 158 52 18 158 53 06 113 48 29 113 45 28 113 40 05 113 36 26 113 44 41 113 48 51

39 52 34 54 46 00 54 46 30 54 46 36 54 46 42 54 46 48 54 46 24 54 45 54 54 45 30 54 44 54 54 44 42 54 43 48 54 41 48 54 41 12 54 39 48 54 38 12 54 36 54 54 36 30 54 35 36 54 35 12 54 34 12 54 32 36 54 31 54 54 31 12 54 31 00 54 30 06 54 30 00 28 45 13 28 29 04 28 18 43 28 25 36 28 27 30 28 37 22

147 44 37 158 51 36 158 51 30 158 51 36 158 51 24 158 49 18 158 47 36 158 47 36 158 47 48 158 48 00 158 48 00 158 48 24 158 49 00 158 49 00 158 49 18 158 49 54 158 50 12 158 50 18 158 51 06 158 51 12 158 51 48 158 52 18 158 52 12 158 52 12 158 52 18 158 53 06 158 53 18 113 45 28 113 40 05 113 34 35 113 44 41 113 48 42 113 53 03

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AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ISLANDS OFF THE STATES AND NORTHERN TERRITORY Point o 45 46 Latitude South ' " (S) o ' " (E) o ' Longitude East " (S) o ' " (E)

28 37 22 28 48 04

113 53 03 114 02 30

28 48 04 28 53 44

114 02 30 114 00 31

Islands within the State of Queensland and Others Schedule 1 The Islands of Aubusi, Boigu and Moimi The outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to the islands of Aubusi, Boigu and Moimi is a continuous line (a) commencing at the point of Latitude 915'43" South, Longitude 14203'30" East; (b) running thence along the geodesics successively joining the following points TABLE C1.T10. AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: AUBUSI, BOIGU AND MOIMI AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: AUBUSI, BOIGU, AND MOIMI POINT (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) LATITUDE SOUTH 915'43" 912'50" 911'51" 911'58" 911'22" 911'34" 913'53" 916'04" LONGITUDE EAST 14203'30" 14206'25" 14208'33" 14210'18" 14212'54" 14214'08" 14216'26" 14220'41"

(c) running thence along a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively from the following points (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) 915'53" 916'26" 916'28" 916'31" 917'06" 917'15" 917'26" 917'50" 917'55" 917'56" 14217'39" 14217'36" 14217'36" 14217'30" 14217'30" 14217'30" 14217'15" 14216'46" 14216'39" 14216'30"

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AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: AUBUSI, BOIGU, AND MOIMI POINT (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) (xvii) (xviii) (xix) (xx) (xxi) (xxii) (xxiii) (xxiv) (xxv) (xxvi) (xxvii) (xxviii) (xxix) (xxx) (xxxi) (xxxii) (xxxiii) (xxxiv) (xxxv) (xxxvi) (xxxvii) (xxxviii) (xxxix) (xl) LATITUDE SOUTH 917'53" 917'52" 917'44" 917'45" 917'44" 917'44" 917'38" 917'38" 917'36" 917'34" 917'33" 917'32" 917'32" 917'33" 917'38" 917'39" 917'38" 917'37" 917'33" 917'30" 917'15" 917'13" 917'02" 916'56" 916'52" 916'47" 916'46" 916'21" 916'19" 915'08" LONGITUDE EAST 14216'11" 14216'07" 14214'52" 14214'49" 14214'58" 14214'30" 14214'06" 14213'59" 14213'47" 14213'31" 14213'20" 14212'56" 14212'46" 14212'26" 14211'56" 14211'51" 14211'34" 14211'30" 14210'20" 14210'13" 14209'08" 14209'00" 14208'35" 14208'23" 14208'15" 14208'01" 14207'58" 14206'52" 14206'51" 14206'28"

to the point of commencement.

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Schedule 2 The Islands of Dauan, Kaumag and Saibai The outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to the islands of Dauan, Kaumag and Saibai is a continuous line (a) commencing at the point of Latitude 922'04" South, Longitude 14229'41" East; (b) running thence along the geodesics successively joining the following points TABLE C1.T11. AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: DAUAN, KAUMAG AND SAIBAI AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: DAUAN, KAUMAG AND SAIBAI POINT (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) LATITUDE SOUTH 922'04" 921'48" 922'33" 921'25" 920'21" 920'16" 919'26" LONGITUDE EAST 14229'41" 14231'29" 14233'28" 14235'29" 14241'43" 14243'53" 14248'18"

and (c) running thence along a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively from the following points (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) (xvii) (xviii) 922'24" 922'28" 922'39" 922'48" 922'58" 923'02" 923'06" 923'12" 923'28" 923'44" 925'46" 925'48" 925'53" 926'05" 926'10" 926'15" 926'15" 926'12" 14247'49" 14247'53" 14247'57" 14248'00" 14248'01" 14248'01" 14247'59" 14247'55" 14247'46" 14247'41" 14246'36" 14246'36" 14246'29" 14246'12" 14246'03" 14245'47" 14245'34" 14245'25"

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AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: DAUAN, KAUMAG AND SAIBAI POINT (xix) (xx) (xxi) (xxii) (xxiii) (xxiv) (xxv) (xxvi) (xxvii) (xxviii) (xxix) (xxx) (xxxi) (xxxii) (xxxiii) (xxxiv) (xxxv) (xxxvi) (xxxvii) (xxxviii) (xxxix) (xl) (xli) (xlii) (xlii) (xliv) (xlv) (xlvi) (xlvii) (xlviii) (xlix) (l) (li) (lii) LATITUDE SOUTH 926'09" 926'06" 925'57" 925'48" 925'54" 925'53" 925'52" 925'51" 925'48" 925'47" 925'46" 925'43" 925'44" 925'50" 925'51" 925'50" 925'48" 925'35" 925'31" 925'28" 925'23" 925'22" 925'04" 924'50" 925'25" 925'27" 925'54" 926'11" 926'15" 926'17" 926'17" 926'15" 926'06" 925'38" LONGITUDE EAST 14245'12" 14245'07" 14244'39" 14243'07" 14242'42" 14242'13" 14241'59" 14241'51" 14241'15" 14241'04" 14240'55" 14240'20" 14240'04" 14239'30" 14239'22" 14239'13" 14239'03" 14238'05" 14237'46" 14237'36" 14237'22" 14237'19" 14236'35" 14236'03" 14233'03" 14232'58" 14232'17" 14233'00" 14231'55" 14231'52" 14231'48" 14231'46" 14231'47" 14231'35"

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AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: DAUAN, KAUMAG AND SAIBAI POINT (liii) (liv) (lv) (lvi) (lvii) (lviii) LATITUDE SOUTH 925'28" 925'24" 925'05" 924'39" 924'37" 924'32" LONGITUDE EAST 14231'34" 14231'33" 14231'27" 14231'18" 14231'17" 14231'24"

to the point of commencement. Schedule 3 The Islands of Anchor Cay and East Cay The outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to the islands of Anchor Cay and East Cay is the continuous line formed by a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively, so as to enclose the islands, from the following points TABLE C1.T12. AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ANCHOR CAY AND EAST CAY AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ANCHOR CAY AND EAST CAY POINT (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) (xvii) (xviii) LATITUDE SOUTH 921'27" 921'25" 921'25" 921'26" 921'29" 921'31" 921'44" 921'45" 921'49" 921'54" 923'09" 923'02" 923'02" 923'04" 923'06" 923'09" 923'13" 923'30" LONGITUDE EAST 14407'30" 14407'28" 14407'38" 14407'44" 14407'50" 14407'55" 14408'24" 14408'27" 14408'33" 14408'37" 14412'43" 14412'55" 14413'23" 14413'29" 14413'33" 14413'40" 14413'44" 14413'59"

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AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ANCHOR CAY AND EAST CAY POINT (xix) (xx) (xxi) (xxii) (xxiii) (xxiv) (xxv) (xxvi) (xxvii) (xxviii) (xxix) (xxx) (xxxi) (xxxii) (xxxiii) (xxxiv) (xxxv) (xxxvi) (xxxvii) (xxxviii) (xxxix) (xl) (xli) (xlii) (xliii) (xliv) LATITUDE SOUTH 923'40" 923'44" 923'50" 923'59" 924'05" 924'19" 924'29" 924'40" 924'44" 924'49" 945'53" 924'57" 924'57" 924'56" 924'44" 924'40" 924'36" 924'31" 923'47" 922'06" 922'07" 921'59" 921'47" 921'44" 921'40" 921'35" LONGITUDE EAST 14414'11" 14414'18" 14414'25" 14414'30" 14414'31" 14414'33" 14414'37" 14414'40" 14414'40" 14414'35" 14414'33" 14414'27" 14414'20" 14414'14" 14413'19" 14413'02" 14412'58" 14412'56" 14412'34" 14408'38" 14408'31" 14407'57" 14407'32" 14407'29" 14407'26" 14407'24"

Schedule 4 The Islands of Black Rocks and Bramble Cay The outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to the islands of Black Rocks and Bramble Cay is the continuous line formed by a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively, so as to enclose the islands, from the following points

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TABLE C1.T13. AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: BLACK ROCKS AND BRAMBLE CAY AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: BLACK ROCKS AND BRAMBLE CAY POINT (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) LATITUDE SOUTH 910'28" 908'40" 908'33" 908'26" 908'24" 908'23" 908'24" 908'27" 908'32" 908'43" 908'48" 908'52" 909'00" 909'04" 909'08" 909'07" LONGITUDE EAST 14349'59" 14352'19" 14352'22" 14352'32" 14352'41" 14352'48" 14352'54" 14353'06" 14353'12" 14353'19" 14353'19" 14353'17" 14353'13" 14353'07" 14353'00" 14352'49"

Schedule 5 Deliverance Island and Kerr Islet The outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to Deliverance Island and Kerr Islet is the continuous line formed by a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of three miles and drawn successively, so as to enclose the islands, from the following points TABLE C1.T14. AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: DELIVERANCE ISLAND AND KERR ISLET AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: DELIVERANCE ISLAND AND KERR ISLET POINT (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) LATITUDE SOUTH 932'39" 932'35" 932'07" 932'02" 931'56" 931'51" 931'29" 931'27" LONGITUDE EAST 14132'15" 14132'11" 14131'50" 14131'54" 14131'58" 14132'02" 14132'17" 14132'19"

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AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: DELIVERANCE ISLAND AND KERR ISLET POINT (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) (xvii) (xviii) (xix) (xx) (xxi) (xxii) (xxiii) (xxiv) (xxv) (xxvi) (xxvii) (xxviii) (xxix) (xxx) (xxxi) (xxxii) (xxxiii) (xxxiv) (xxxv) (xxxvi) (xxxvii) (xxxviii) (xxxvix) (xl) LATITUDE SOUTH 931'24" 930'40" 930'08" 930'01" 929'57" 929'51" 929'51" 929'58" 930'04" 930'12" 930'28" 930'47" 931'00" 931'11" 931'29" 931'38" 931'47" 931'50" 932'02" 936'21" 936'24" 936'35" 936'49" 936'56" 937'05" 937'14" 937'15" 937'13" 937'09" 937'03" 936'58" 936'52" LONGITUDE EAST 14132'21" 14133'32" 14134'01" 14134'05" 14134'08" 14134'14" 14134'19" 14136'13" 14136'16" 14136'16" 14136'18" 14136'18" 14136'15" 14136'10" 14136'02" 14135'55" 14135'46" 14135'42" 14135'21" 14134'33" 14134'34" 14134'33" 14134'26" 14134'21" 14134'02" 14133'47" 14133'28" 14133'25" 14133'22" 14133'21" 14133'22" 14133'27"

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Schedule 6 Turnagain Island The outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to Turnagain Island is the continuous line formed by a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively, so as to enclose the island, from the following points TABLE C1.T15. AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: TURNAGAIN ISLAND AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: TURNAGAIN ISLAND POINT (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) (xvii) (xviii) (xix) (xx) (xxi) (xxii) (xxiii) (xxiv) (xxv) (xxvi) (xxvii) (xxviii) (xxix) LATITUDE SOUTH 932'54" 932'54" 932'54" 932'52" 932'49" 932'44" 932'23" 932'11" 932'10" 932'15" 932'37" 932'36" 932'37" 932'40" 932'44" 932'44" 932'45" 932'48" 932'51" 932'53" 932'54" 932'56" 932'58" 933'02" 933'03" 933'05" 933'11" 933'14" 933'16" LONGITUDE EAST 14210'47" 14210'44" 14210'40" 14210'36" 14210'35" 14210'36" 14210'54" 14211'39" 14211'45" 14211'54" 14214'59" 14215'08" 14215'14" 14215'24" 14215'40" 14215'47" 14215'53" 14216'04" 14216'16" 14216'28" 14216'34" 14216'39" 14216'49" 14217'01" 14217'12" 14217'18" 14217'30" 14217'40" 14217'50"

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AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: TURNAGAIN ISLAND POINT (xxx) (xxxi) (xxxii) (xxxiii) (xxxiv) (xxxv) (xxxvi) (xxxvii) (xxxviii) (xxxix) (xl) (xli) (xlii) (xliii) (xliv) (xlv) (xlvi) (xlvii) (xlviii) (xlix) (l) (li) (lii) (liii) (liv) (lv) (lvi) (lvii) (lviii) (lix) (lx) (lxi) (lxii) (lxiii) LATITUDE SOUTH 933'18" 933'21" 933'23" 933'28" 933'33" 933'35" 933'38" 933'41" 933'42" 933'44" 933'47" 933'49" 934'15" 934'19" 934'23" 934'29" 934'34" 934'42" 934'46" 934'49" 934'52" 934'52" 934'52" 934'50" 934'48" 934'46" 934'43" 934'40" 934'38" 934'35" 934'30" 934'23" 934'21" 934'19" LONGITUDE EAST 14218'00" 14218'09" 14218'16" 14218'27" 14218'42" 14218'51" 14219'03" 14219'12" 14219'19" 14219'25" 14219'38" 14219'40" 14220'11" 14220'16" 14220'17" 14220'14" 14220'10" 14220'03" 14219'58" 14219'52" 14219'32" 14219'24" 14219'15" 14219'05" 14218'54" 14218'39" 14218'28" 14218'11" 14218'05" 14217'56" 14217'39" 14217'09" 14216'55" 14216'39"

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AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: TURNAGAIN ISLAND POINT (lxiv) (lxv) (lxvi) (lxvii) (lxviii) (lxix) (lxx) (lxxi) (lxxii) (lxxiii) (lxxiv) LATITUDE SOUTH 934'16" 934'07" 934'05" 934'01" 933'50" 933'48" 933'44" 933'35" 933'24" 933'09" 933'08" LONGITUDE EAST 14216'29" 14215'58" 14215'49" 14215'41" 14215'17" 14215'10" 14215'00" 14214'48" 14214'31" 14213'59" 14213'53"

Schedule 7 Turu Cay The outer limit of the territorial sea adjacent to Turu Cay is a continuous line formed by a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively, so as to enclose Turu Cay, from the following points TABLE C1.T16. AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: TURU CAY AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: TURU CAY POINT (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) LATITUDE SOUTH 949'53" 949'39" 949'31" 949'25" 949'23" 949'20" 949'19" 949'18" 949'18" 949'17" 949'23" 949'26" 949'32" 949'38" 949'44" LONGITUDE EAST 14124'42" 14124'44" 14124'52" 14125'02" 14125'13" 14125'25" 14125'36" 14125'43" 14125'53" 14126'07" 14126'09" 14126'06" 14125'58" 14125'49" 14125'38"

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AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: TURU CAY POINT (xvi) (xvii) (xviii) (xix) (xx) LATITUDE SOUTH 949'47" 949'53" 949'56" 949'57" 949'56" LONGITUDE EAST 14125'31" 14125'19" 14125'09" 14124'54" 14124'45"

Schedule 8 Pearce Cay The outer limit of that part of the territorial sea adjacent to Pearce Cay which lies north of the parallel of Latitude 933'00" South is a continuous line (a) commencing at the point of Latitude 933'00" South, Longitude 14314'51" East; (b) running thence along a series of intersecting arcs of circles having a radius of 3 miles and drawn successively from the following points TABLE C1.T17. AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PEARCE CAY AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PEARCE CAY POINT (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) LATITUDE SOUTH 930'56" 930'53" 930'50" 930'46" 930'43" 930'42" 930'41" 930'48" 930'50" LONGITUDE EAST 14317'03" 14317'03" 14317'08" 14317'19" 14317'26" 14317'34" 14317'43" 14317'42" 14317'40"

to the point of Latitude 933'00" South, Longitude 14319'46" East; and (c) running thence west along the parallel of Latitude 933'00" South to the point of commencement. HISTORIC WATERS LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the Proclamation of 19 March 1987, Amending the Proclamation of 4 February 1987 concerning Historic Bays Baseline Points.

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TABLE C1.T18. AUSTRALIAN HISTORIC BAYS AND BASELINE POINTS ITEM NO. 1 HISTORIC BAY Anxious Bay LATITUDE SOUTH 3312'03"S 3335'50"S 3336'43"S 2 3 4 Encounter Bay Lacepede Bay Rivoli Bay 3535'48"S 3635'48"S 3734'01"S 3729'57"S MARITIME BOUNDARIES AUSTRALIA - PAPUA NEW GUINEA - INDONESIA U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments are extracted from LIS, No. 87, "Territorial Sea and Continental Shelf Boundaries: Australia and Papua New Guinea-Indonesia," August 20, 1979. As a consequence of a series of three agreements, the Governments of Australia and Papua New Guinea, on the one hand, and Indonesia, on the other, have delimited territorial sea and continental shelf boundaries between the respective states. The agreements create, north of the island of New Guinea, a single-segment boundary extending northward from the shore for a distance of approximately 27 miles. The boundary terminates in water depths approaching 1500 fathoms (2,743 meters). In the south, the boundary extends along the western reaches of the Torres Strait and the Arafura Sea and stops near the limits of the former Portuguese territory of Timor. After the Timor gap, an area currently undelimited, the maritime boundary resumes and is delimited southwestward through the Timor Sea. On December 18, 1978, Papua New Guinea and Australia signed a treaty at Sydney concerning sovereignty and maritime boundaries in the area between the two countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and related matters. The boundary between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, in the Pacific Ocean north of the Island of New Guinea, extends nearly due north from the coastal terminus of the land boundary to a point approximately 27 miles seaward. Because both states claim 12-mile territorial sea breadths, the single-segment boundary serves as both a territorial sea and, in part, a continental shelf boundary. The geologic shelf north of the island, however, is very narrow; and within a few miles of the shoreline, water depths in excess of 6,000 feet (1,829 meters) are encountered. As a result, the terminus of the shelf boundary is approximately 9,000 feet (2,743 meters) of water, well beyond existing limits of exploitability. In the south, the maritime boundaries pass through the Arafura Sea in the east and the Timor Sea in the west. The Arafura Sea extends approximately from the limit of the Torres Strait westward to the island of Timor. [T]he boundary between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea in the north consists of a line connecting two points, C1 - situated at 28'30"S. and 141E., and C2 - situated at 28'30"S. and 1411'30"E. C1 marks the terminus of the land boundary. C2, situated 27.14 miles seaward, is approximately equidistant from the main cape north of Djajapura and an unnamed cape on the New Guinea coastline. Between points C1 AND C2, the boundary is not equidistant from the respective national baselines. In the south, the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea maritime boundary extends from point B3 through B2, B1, A1, A2, and terminates at A3. These turning points have the following coordinates: 13419'38"E 13445'54"E 13448'20"E 13836'06"E 13950'00"E 14006'20"E 14000'41"E LONGITUDE EAST 3335'41"S 3335'59"S 3337'28"S 3535'48"S 3656'36"S 3730'03"S 3729'52"S 13445'03" 13446'30" 13349'40" 13857'24" 13940'24" 14000'48" 14000'38"

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TABLE C1.T19. INDONESIA - PAPUA NEW GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT COORDINATES DISTANCE BETWEEN POINTS (MILES) land terminus 17.45 B2 B1 A1 A2 A3 0923'00"S, 14052'00"E 0924'30"S, 14049'30"E 0952'00"S, 14029'00"E 1024'00"S, 13936'00"E 1050'00"S, 13912'00"E Total 149.85 2.89 34.13 53.06 42.32

0908'08"S, 14101'10"E

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BAHAMAS, THE
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 93 Archipelagic Waters and 12nm Repealed colonial legislation (UK Maritime Jurisdiction Act, Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act of 1878) No. 37 as it applied to Bahamas. Also extended territorial sea from 3nm to 12nm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Dec 93 Archipelagic Waters and Authorizes but does not establish STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Maritime Jurisdiction Act, archipelagic baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS No. 37 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Nov 48 Alteration of Boundaries "[T]o include the continental shelf Order-in-Council No. 2574 contiguous to the coasts." (1948) 1958 Repeated in Fisheries Resources Act, DEF 1977. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Dec 93 Archipelagic Waters and 200nm Declared EEZ (subsumes 1977 exclusive Maritime Jurisdiction Act, fishing zone). No. 37 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 93 Archipelagic Waters and Allows negotiations with bordering States Maritime Jurisdiction Act, on territorial sea boundaries not to extend No. 37 beyond the median line. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 83 Jul 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement. 1970 Continental Shelf Act

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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BAHRAIN
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 93 Decree No. 8 of 20 April 12nm 1993 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 93 Decree No. 8 of 20 April 24nm 1993 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 49 Proclamation No. 37/1368 No Claimed ownership of specific and specific absolute jurisdiction and authority over limit seabed and subsoil. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 58 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Saudi Arabia EIF. See LIS No. 12. Jun 71 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Iran EIF. See LIS No. 58.

Judgment in the case concerning Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain). See below. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. May 85 Ratified Convention. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES BAHRAIN - QATAR The following information is excerpted from the United Nations Law of the Sea Bulletin No. 46 regarding the International Court of Justice's Judgment in the case concerning Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain). The case dealt with the dispute relating to sovereignty over the Hawar Islands, sovereign rights over the shoals of Dibal and Qit'al Jaradah and the delimitation of the maritime areas of the two States. On 16 March 2001, the Court decided that Qatar has sovereignty over Zubarah, Janan Island, including Hadd Janan, and the low-tide elevation of Fasht al Dibal; and that Bahrain has sovereignty over the Hawar Islands and the island of Qit'al Jaradah. Moreover, vessels of Qatar, in the territorial sea of Bahrain, which separates Hawar Islands from the other Bahraini islands, enjoy the right of innocent passage accorded by customary international law. As regards the question of the maritime boundary, the Court also recalled that customary international law was applicable to the case and that the parties had requested it to draw a single maritime boundary (in the southern part, the Court drew a boundary delimiting the parties territorial seas over which they enjoy territorial sovereignty, including the seabed, superjacent waters and superjacent aerial space; in the northern part, the Court had to carry out a delimitation between areas in which the parties have only sovereign rights and functional jurisdiction, i.e., over the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone). With respect to the territorial sea, the Court drew provisionally an equidistance line (a line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each of the two States is measured) and then considered whether that line should be adjusted in the light of any special circumstances. The Court rejected Bahrains argument that the existence of certain pearling banks situated to the north of Qatar, which had been predominantly exploited in the past by Bahraini fishermen, constituted a circumstance justifying a shifting of the equidistance line. It also rejected Qatars argument that there is significant disparity between the coastal lengths of the parties calling for an appropriate correction. The Court further stated that considerations of equity required that the maritime formation of Fasht al Jarim should have no effect in determining the boundary line. The Court concluded that the single maritime boundary that would divide the various maritime zones of the State of Qatar and the State of Bahrain should be formed by a series of geodesic lines joining, in the order specified, the points with the following coordinates:

Mar 2001

ICJ Judgment

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TABLE C1.T20. BAHRAIN - QATAR MARITIME BOUNDARY BAHRAIN - QATAR MARITIME BOUNDARY Point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Latitude North 25 34' 34" 25 35' 10" 25 34' 53" 25 34' 50" 25 34' 21" 25 33' 29" 25 32' 49" 25 32' 55" 25 32' 43" 25 32' 6" 25 32' 40" 25 32' 55" 25 33' 44" 25 33' 49" 25 34' 33" 25 35' 33" 25 37' 21" 25 37' 45" 25 38' 19" 25 38' 43" 25 39' 31" 25 40' 10" 25 41' 27" 25 42' 27" 25 44' 7" 25 44' 58" 25 45' 35" 25 46' 0" 25 46' 57" 25 48' 43" 25 51' 40" 25 52' 26" 25 53' 42" Longitude East 50 34' 3" 50 34' 48" 50 41' 22" 50 41' 35" 50 44' 5" 50 45' 49" 50 46' 11" 50 46' 48" 50 47' 46" 50 48' 36" 50 48' 54" 50 48' 48" 50 49' 4" 50 48' 32" 50 47' 37" 50 46' 49" 50 47' 54" 50 49' 44" 50 50' 22" 50 50' 26" 50 50' 6" 50 50' 30" 50 51' 43" 50 51' 9" 50 51' 58" 50 52' 5" 50 51' 53" 50 51' 40" 50 51' 23" 50 50' 32" 50 49' 53" 50 49' 12" 50 48' 57"

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BAHRAIN - QATAR MARITIME BOUNDARY Point 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Latitude North 26 0' 40" 26 4' 38" 26 11' 2" 26 15' 55" 26 17' 58" 26 20' 2" 26 26' 11" 26 43' 58" 27 2' 0" Longitude East 50 51' 00" 50 54' 27" 50 55' 3" 50 55' 22" 50 55' 58" 50 57' 16" 50 59' 12" 51 3' 16" 51 7' 11"

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BANGLADESH
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 74 Notification No. LT-I/3/74 12nm Foreign warships must obtain permission (per Territorial Waters & before transiting territorial sea. Maritime Zones Act No. 26) Jul 2001 Declaration upon Ratification of 1982 LOS Convention Reaffirmed prior permission requirement for warships; added permission requirement for nuclear-powered vessels or those carrying dangerous/noxious substances.

The requirement for prior permission is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested requirement in 1982 and in 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Apr 74 Territorial Waters & Enabling legislation for straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Maritime Zones Act No. HISTORIC CLAIMS 26 Apr 74 Notification No. LT-I/3/74 (per Territorial Waters & Maritime Zones Act No. 26) Established eight baseline points on 10 fathom contour.

This straight baseline claim is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested claim in 1978 and conducted operational assertions in 1995, 1996, 1998, 20002002. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 74 Territorial Waters & 18nm Security zone defined as a zone of the Maritime Zones Act No. high seas extending 6nm beyond the outer 26 limit of the territorial sea. Claims jurisdiction to enforce laws and regulations relating to security in zone. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested this claim in 1982 and conducted operational assertions in 1995, 1996, 1998, 2000 and 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Apr 74 Territorial Waters & CM "up to the outer limits of continental Maritime Zones Act No. margin bordering on the ocean basin or 26 abyssal floor." Government has exclusive right to explore/exploit petroleum. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Aug 74 Petroleum Act

These prohibitions are not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested in 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Apr 74 Territorial Waters & Authorized government to take REGULATION Maritime Zones Act No. "appropriate measures" to control pollution 26 "in the high seas adjacent to the territorial waters." Jul 2001 Declaration on accession to LOS Convention Claims ships entitled to sovereign immunity must compensate for damage caused by pollution of the marine environment.

This claim is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested in 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention, with Declarations stated above. Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are extracts from Proclamation No. LT-I/3/74 of the Government of Bangladesh of 13 April 1974. 1. In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Territorial Waters and Maritime Zones Act, 1974 (Act No. XXVI of 1974), and in super session of any previous declaration on the subject, the Government is pleased to declare that the limits of the sea specified in paragraph 2 beyond the land territory and internal waters of Bangladesh shall be the territorial waters of Bangladesh. 2. The limits of the sea referred to in paragraph 1 shall be twelve nautical miles measured seaward and the baselines set out in paragraph 3 so that each point of the outer limit of the sea to the nearest point inward on the baselines is twelve nautical miles. 3. The baselines from which territorial waters shall be measured seaward are the straight lines linking successively the baseline points set out below: TABLE C1.T21. BANGLADESH STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 LATITUDE NORTH 2112' 00" N. 2115' 00" N. 2129' 00" N. 2121' 00" N. 2111' 00" N. LONGITUDE EAST 8906' 45" E. 8916' 00" E. 8936' 00" E. 8955' 00" E. 9033' 00" E. Jul 2001

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POINT No. 6 No. 7 No. 8 LATITUDE NORTH 2107' 30" N. 2110' 00" N. 2021' 45" N. LONGITUDE EAST 9106' 00" E. 9156' 00" E. 9217' 30" E.

In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of section 5 of the Territorial Waters and Maritime Zones Act, 1974 (Act No. XXVI of 1974), the Government is pleased to declare that the Zone of the high seas extending to 200 nautical miles measured from the baselines shall be the economic zone of Bangladesh.

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BARBADOS
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jun 77 Territorial Waters Act, 12nm Foreign warships must obtain permission 1977-26 before transiting territorial sea. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested claim in 1982 and conducted operational assertions in 1982, 1985 and 1987. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 77 Territorial Waters Act, Normal baseline declared to be the lowSTRAIGHT BASELINES, & 1977-26 water mark. However, enables straight HISTORIC CLAIMS baselines legislation. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 79 Marine Boundaries & 200nm EEZ. Jurisdiction Act, 1978 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Jan 79 Marine Boundaries & 200nm Claimed exclusive jurisdiction for Jurisdiction Act, 1978 prevention and control of pollution in EEZ. REGULATION _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 2003 Agreement Cooperation Treaty with Guyana regarding joint jurisdiction over area of bilateral overlap between the EEZs. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Oct 93 Nov 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement.

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES The maritime boundary between Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago has not been negotiated. In Feb 2004, Barbados referred the dispute to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.

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BELGIUM
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Nov 87 Royal Decree 12nm Also authorizes treaties with neighboring countries to negotiate median points where territorial seas overlap. (See below.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 99 Act Concerning the EEZ 12nm Section VIII, Art. 47, of the EEZ Act creates a 12nm contiguous zone. (See below.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 69 Laws on the Continental EquiBoundary to be established on median Shelf distant points between neighboring nations. (See lines below.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 99 Act Concerning the EEZ EquiSpecific points given. (See below.) distant lines _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Oct 90 Treaties (2) Territorial sea and continental shelf boundary agreements with France. May 91 Continental shelf boundary agreement with the UK signed; EIF May 93. Treaties (2)

Territorial sea and continental shelf boundary agreements with The Netherlands. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 84 Signed Convention, with Declaration confirming its belief that provisions regarding the breadth of the territorial sea are reflective of customary international law, and attaching "great importance to the conditions to which Articles 21 and 23 of the Convention subject the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea." Jul 94 Nov 98 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Dec 96

Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the Act concerning the EEZ of Belgium in the North Sea of April 1999. Article 2 An exclusive economic zone, hereinafter referred to by the acronym EEZ, shall be established beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea of Belgium, comprising the waters superjacent to the seabed and the seabed and its subsoil. Article 3 The EEZ of Belgium shall cover that part of the North Sea the outer limit of which is a line composed of segments connecting the following points, defined by their coordinates, in the order in which they are listed:

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TABLE C1.T22. BELGIAN EEZ COORDINATES Latitude North 511609 N 513328 N 513647 N 514818 N 515234,012 N 513306 N Longitude East 022325 E 021418 E 021512 E 022854 E 023221,599 E 030453 E

The positions of the points listed in this article are expressed in latitude and longitude in accordance with the European geodetic systems (regulation 1, 1950). Article 47 In the first 12 nautical miles of the EEZ, namely in an area extending to 12 nautical miles adjoining its territorial sea, Belgium shall exercise the necessary control with a view to: 1. Preventing violations of the customs, fiscal, immigration or health legislation or regulations in force in its territory or in its territorial sea; 2. Suppressing any violation of such legislation or regulations in its territory or in its territorial sea. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS BELGIUM - FRANCE The following is extracted from the Territorial Sea and Continental Shelf Boundary Agreements between Belgium and France, signed 8 October 1990. Article 1 The boundary between the territorial sea of the French Republic and the territorial sea of the Kingdom of Belgium shall be a line composed of loxodromes connecting, in the sequence given, the points defined as follows by their coordinates. TABLE C1.T23. BELGIUM - FRANCE TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY Latitude North 51 05 37 N 51 16 09 N Longitude East 02 32 37 E 02 23 25 E

BELGIUM - THE NETHERLANDS The following is extracted from the Territorial Sea and Continental Shelf Boundary Agreements between Belgium and The Netherlands, signed 18 December 1996. Article 1 The boundary between the territorial sea of the Kingdom of Belgium and the territorial sea of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is formed by the great circle joining the following points, expressed in terms of their coordinates, in the sequence given below:

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TABLE C1.T24. BELGIUM - NETHERLANDS TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY Latitude North 51 22 25 N 51 22 46 N 51 27 00 N 51 29 05 N 51 33 06 N Longitude East 03 21 52.5 E 03 21 14 E 03 17 47 E 03 12 44 E 03 04 53 E

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BELIZE
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 92 Maritime Areas Act, 1992 12nm Territorial sea area from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Caye remains 3nm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 92 Maritime Areas Act, 1992 Declares normal baseline to be low water STRAIGHT BASELINES, & mark; authorizes partial straight baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Oct 50 British Honduras Preserved high-seas status of superjacent (Alteration of Boundaries) waters. Order-in-Council _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 92 Maritime Areas Act, 1992 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Aug 83 Ratified Convention.

Oct 94 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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BENIN
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Mar 68 Decree No. 74 12nm Apr 76 Decree No. 76-92 *200nm Claimed total sovereignty over waters, airspace, and resources. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1989 and conducted operational assertions in 1981, 1987-89, and 1991 (overflights). * [In December 1998, a representative of the Benin Foreign Ministry provided an informal statement to U.S. State Department that Benin now claims a 12nm territorial sea and a 200nm EEZ. However, the 1976 decree remains on the UN Law of the Sea website, and the UN continues to list the claim as 200nm.] _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Apr 76 Decree No. 76-92 In estuaries, territorial sea measured from STRAIGHT BASELINES, & navigational obstacle located farthest HISTORIC CLAIMS offshore. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Mar 68 Decree No. 74 100nm Claimed "all underground exploitation rights." Apr 76 Decree No. 76-92 200nm Superseded Decree No. 74 by inference. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Mar 68 Decree No. 74 12nm Fishing zone; claimed "all underwater exploitation rights." Fishing zone; foreign fishing prohibited without authorization. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Aug 83 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Oct 97 Apr 76 Decree No. 76-92 200nm

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BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

The United States recognized the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state on 7 April 1992. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jul 99 Treaty Established sea boundary between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jan 94 Succeeded to the Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - CROATIA The following is extracted from the Treaty on the State Border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia of July 1999. Article 4 The state border on the sea stretches along the central line of the sea between the territories of the Republic of Croatia and BosniaHerzegovina in accordance with the 1982 UN Convention on Sea Rights....

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BRAZIL
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 93 Public Law No. 8,617 12nm Revoked prior maritime boundaries legislation. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Apr 69 Decree-Law No. 553 Enabling legislation for straight baselines STRAIGHT BASELINES, & closing bays, creeks, other inlets. HISTORIC CLAIMS Mar 70 Decree-Law No. 1098 Enabling legislation for straight baseline system. 1982 LOS Convention, Art. 7 straight baseline criteria cited. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jan 93 Public Law No. 8617 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jan 93 Public Law No. 8,617 200nm/ Limits to be fixed in accordance with Art. CM 76 of the 1982 LOS Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 93 Public Law 8,617 200nm Restricts military exercises and maneuvers in EEZ without consent. U.S. does not recognize this restriction. The U.S. protested in 1983 and 1988. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Nov 67 Decree-Law No. 44 12nm REGULATION _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 75 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Uruguay EIF. Jan 81 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with France (Fr. Guyana) EIF. Jan 93 Public Law No. 8617

Maritime boundary agreement with U.S. signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration that the Convention does not authorize States to conduct military exercises in the EEZ of another State without consent; and that the prohibition of article 301 against the threat or use of force applies to maritime areas under the jurisdiction of the coastal State.

May 96

Agreement

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BRUNEI
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 83 Territorial Waters 12nm Enactment, 1982 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Feb 83 Territorial Waters Appears to enable establishment of STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Enactment, 1982 straight baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF 1954 Royal Proclamation Claimed continental shelf. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 93 Proclamation 200nm EEZ. or median _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Sep 58 Orders in Council 1517 & Boundaries with Malaysia for North 1518 Borneo (1517) and Sarawak (1518) established by the British. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 84 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Nov 96

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BULGARIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 2000 Maritime Space, Inland 12nm Repealed 1987 Ocean Spaces Act; also Waterways and Ports Act omits earlier references to warships needing permission to transit territorial sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 2000 Maritime Space, Inland Declared normal baselines to be low water STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Waterways and Ports Act mark, but reaffirmed straight baselines HISTORIC CLAIMS closing Varna (Stalin) and Bourgas Bays, claimed as internal waters. (Also partial straight baselines in 3 other areas.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jan 2000 Maritime Space, Inland 24nm Waterways and Ports Act _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jan 2000 Maritime Space, Inland Limits will be established by agreement Waterways and Ports Act between states with adjacent or opposite coasts on Black Sea on basis of international law. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 2000 Maritime Space, Inland 200nm EEZ. Waterways and Ports Act _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 97 Agreement Boundary agreement and delimitation of maritime areas with Turkey in the Black Sea. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the Maritime Space, Inland Waterways and Ports Act of January 2000. Article 6 The internal waters of the Republic of Bulgaria shall comprise:... 3. The waters of (a) Varna Bay between the coastline and the straight line joining Cape St. Konstantine and Cape Ilandjik; (b) Bourgas Bay between the coastline and the straight line joining Cape Emine and Cape Maslen Nos; 4. The waters between the coastline and the straight baselines joining Cape Kaliakra and Cape Touzlata, Cape Touzlata and Cape Ekrene and Cape Maslen Nos and Cape Rohi. Article 16(2) The baselines are the lowest low-water line along the coast or the straight baselines joining the two outermost points of the bays and the spaces referred to in article 6. May 96

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MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT BULGARIA - TURKEY The following is extracted from the Agreement between Bulgaria and Turkey on Determination of the Boundary in the Mouth Area of the Mutludere/Rezovska River and Delimitation of the Maritime Areas between the two states in the Black Sea, signed 4 December 1997. Article 1 The boundary in the mouth area of the Mutludere/Rezovska River 3. The initial boundary point in the mouth area of the Mutludere/Rezovska River shall have the rectangular coordinates x=5025m and y=7839m, and the terminal boundary point in the mouth of the river shall have the rectangular coordinates x=5324m and y=8339m, determined on the Plan of the mouth area of the Mutludere/Rezovska River, scale 1:1000, mutually adopted in September 1992.... The terminal boundary point in the river mouth constitutes the terminal point of the land boundary between the Parties. Article 2 The maritime boundary in the Begendik/Rezovo Bay 1. The maritime boundary between the Republic of Turkey and the Republic of Bulgaria in the Begendik/Rezovo Bay starts from the terminal land boundary point in the river mouth with coordinates as determined in article 1, paragraph 3, of this Agreement. From that point the maritime boundary continues through points with coordinates: TABLE C1.T25. BULGARIA TURKEY BEGENDIK/REZOVO BAY BOUNDARY POINT C D E LATITUDE NORTH 415843.6N 415841.5N 415848.5N LONGITUDE EAST 280153.3E 280205.1E 280215.8E*

which is established on the baseline closing the internal waters of the Bay from the sea. 3. The boundary in the Begendik/Rezevo Bay and the navigation sector are shown on the map of the Begendik/Rezovo Bay, scale 1:10 000, mutually adopted in 1983 (annex 4).... Article 3 The lateral boundary of the territorial sea 1. The lateral boundary between the Republic of Turkey and the Republic of Bulgaria in the territorial sea begins from point E as established on the baseline of the Begendik/Rezovo Bay in accordance with article 2, paragraph 1, of this Agreement. Then the boundary continues through loxodromes to point F with coordinates 415852.8N and 280225.2E and then it follows the geographic parallel 415852.8 until it meets the terminal point with coordinates 415852.8N and 281925.8E established on the twelve-nautical-miles outer limit of the territorial sea. The geographic coordinates referred to in this paragraph are expressed in terms of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84), except for point E. 2. The boundary of the territorial sea, as determined in article 3, paragraph 1, of this Agreement, is shown on the Bulgarian maritime chart N 5001 (ed.1981), scale 1:550 000, and on the Turkish maritime chart N 10-A (ed.1993), scale 1:750 000 (annexes 5A and 5B).... Article 4 The boundary of the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone 1. The boundary of the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone between the Republic of Turkey and the Republic of Bulgaria in the Black Sea begins from the terminal point of the lateral boundary of the territorial seas, determined in article 3, paragraph 1, of this Agreement, and continues in the north-east direction, through geodetic lines joining the turning points with coordinates:

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TABLE C1.T26. BULGARIA TURKEY BLACK SEA BOUNDARY Coordinate system, WGS84 POINT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. LATITUDE NORTH 415952N 421428N 422624N 422924N 423327N 424803N 424931N 425643N 431954N 432649N LONGITUDE EAST 281926E 292045E 293420E 294936E 295830E 303410E 303618E 304506E 310633E 312043E

As for the drawing of the delimitation line of the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone further to the north-east direction between geographic point 431954N and 310633E and geographic point 432649N and 312043E, the Parties have agreed that such a drawing will be finalized later at subsequent negotiations which will be held at a suitable time. 2. The boundary of the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone determined in article 4, paragraph 1, of this Agreement is shown on the Bulgarian maritime chart N 5001 (ed.1981), scale 1:500 000, and on the Turkish maritime chart N 10-A (ed.1993), scale 1:750 000 (annexes 5A and 5B). The geographical coordinates referred to in article 4, paragraph 1, of this Agreement are expressed in terms of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).

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BURMA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 77 Territorial Sea & Maritime 12nm Foreign warships must obtain permission Zones Law, Law No. 3 prior to transiting territorial sea. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested requirement in 1982 and conducted operational assertions in 1985, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, and 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Nov 68 Decree Established straight baselines; range from STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 7nm to 223nm (in the Gulf of Martaban). HISTORIC CLAIMS See LIS No. 14. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested claim in 1982 and conducted operational assertions in 1985, 1989, 1996-1998, 2000-2003. Reiterates majority of above baselines, but substitutes West Canister Island for Cabusa Island. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 77 Law No. 3 24nm Security jurisdiction claimed within contiguous zone; no specific restrictions. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested claim in 1982 and conducted operational assertions in 1985, 1988, 1989, 1996-1998, 2000-2003. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Apr 77 Law No. 3 200nm/ Claimed same exclusive jurisdiction as in CM EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 77 Law No. 3 200nm EEZ; claimed authority to subject freedom of navigation and overflight to broad restrictions (unspecified). These claims are not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Apr 77 Law No. 3 200nm/ REGULATION CM _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 82 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Thailand EIF. See LIS No. 102. Sep 87 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with India on the delimitation of the Andaman Sea in the Coco Channel and in the Bay of Bengal EIF. Apr 77 Law No. 3

May 95 Agreement Agreement with India and Thailand EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement (as Myanmar). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is an excerpt from the Territorial Sea and Maritime Zones Law of 9 April 1977. For the purpose of this Law, the low-water lines as marked on the large-scale charts officially recognized by Burma shall be the baselines for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of Burma; Provided that, where by reason of the geographical conditions prevailing on the coasts of Burma or of the economic requirements of the coastal regions straight baselines have been drawn between fixed points on the mainland, on islands or rocks, measurement shall be made from such baselines. The fixed points between which such straight baselines shall be drawn are indicated in detail in the following schedule: TABLE C1.T27. BURMA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM BURMA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT LATITUDE NORTH ARAKAN COAST (a) Southern Point of MAYU ISLAND (b) BORONGA POINT (c) SOUTH TERRIBLES (d) Western Point of HENRY ROCKS (e) Western Point of NERBUDDA ISLAND (f) St. JOHN's or CHURCH ROCKS (g) NORTH WEST GROUP (h) KORONGE ISLAND (i) SOUTH ROCK (j) BLACK ROCK (k) ALGUADA REEF (PATHEIN LIGHT) 20 11' 49" N 19 48' 30" N 19 22' 56" N 18 51' 48" N 18 20' 50" N 17 27' 39" N 16 55' 28" N 16 31' 20" N 16 18' 55" N 16 11' 50" N 15 42' 13" N 92 32' 19" E 93 01' 42" E 93 16' 20" E 93 26' 15" E 93 56' 25" E 94 19' 46" E 94 12' 45" E 94 14' 21" E 94 11' 20" E 94 10' 50" E 94 12' 06" E LONGITUDE EAST May 96

GULF OF MARTABAN (a) ALGUADA REEF (PATHEIN LIGHT) (b) Western Point of LONG ISLAND 15 42' 13" N 14 24' 15" N 94 12' 06" E 97 46' 02" E

3. TENASSERIM COAST (a) Western Point of LONG ISLAND (b) NORTH ISLAND (c) West CANISTER ISLAND* (d) Northern Point of SAURIM ISLAND 14 24' 15" N 14 09' 00" N 12 41' 30" N 12 30' 30" N 97 46' 02" E 97 46' 54" E 97 43' 40" E 97 47' 42" E

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BURMA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT (e) Western Point of H. PRINCEP ISLAND (f) GREAT WESTERN TORRES (g) North Western Point of NORTH TWIN (h) Western Point of SOUTH TWIN (i) WESTERN ROCKY ISLAND (j) HAYCOCK ISLAND (k) Western Point of MURRAY ISLAND U.S. ANALYSIS The following analysis of Burma's straight baseline system is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 14, "Straight Baselines: Burma" of 14 March 1970. LIS No. 14 predates the current baselines legislation; however, since the baseline points remain in large part identical to those discussed in 1970, the following is still relevant. The straight baselines replace the low-water line of the coast with the exception of a narrow band in the north. This narrow band measures approximately 30 nautical miles in length and extends from the Pakistan boundary at the Naaf River to the point a) on Oyster [Mayu] Island. A brief analysis of the straight baselines, taken from large-scale nautical charts, follows. TABLE C1.T28. BURMA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS BURMA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS POINT LENGTH (NM) COMMENTS ARAKAN COAST a-b 36.0 Oyster [Mayu} Island is a small isolated island situated approximately 11.4 nautical miles from the mainland. The line a-b deviates from the general trend of the coast by c. 14. Boronga point is situated at the southern end of Myengun Kyun (isl.). The entire coast from b-c is fringed with islands. Line b-c deviates from the coast at an angle of 12. The line c-d deviates at an angle of 18 to enclose the large island of Cheduba within the internal waters of Burma. This segment, 8 from the general trend of the coast, terminates at the southern end of the heavily-fringed coastline. The straight baseline averages 18-20 miles offshore. Few islands exist in the neighborhood of the segment although many are situated close to the shore. The line is approximately 12 from the general trend of the mainland. Same general situation but approximately 12 nautical miles from the shore and at an angle of 4. Same general situation except approaching coast; angle is 15 between segment and general trend. Same but straight baseline now within 3 nautical miles of coast and angle is 2. LATITUDE NORTH 12 03' 03" N 11 47' 15" N 10 38' 15" N 10 28' 12" N 09 51' 24" N 09 40' 45" N 09 35' 54" N LONGITUDE EAST 97 38' 00" E 97 26' 15" E 97 41' 45" E 97 40' 45" E 97 52' 18" E 97 54' 30" E 97 58' 12" E

b-c

30.1

c-d d-e e-f

32.1 42.5 57.0

f-g g-h h-i

33.0 24.5 13.5

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BURMA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS POINT i-j LENGTH (NM) 7.1 COMMENTS Shortest length of straight baseline on the Arakan coast. Straight baseline forms an angle of c. 10 to the general trend of the coast. The segment averages slightly less than 2 nautical miles from the coast. The final point of the Arakan coast is situated on a reef, which has a lighthouse thereon, near the Irrawaddy delta -- 13.8 nautical miles from nearest land. Angle measures c. 12 to the general coastal trend. GULF OF MARTABAN a-b 222.3 Point a is identical with the point k of the Arakan straight baseline. The closing line a-b is the longest straight baseline encountered in the world. The first segment remains within 12 of the trend of the delta but the eastern two-thirds deviates at an angle of 60. At one point on the straight baseline, the nearest land is 75 nautical miles away and the mouth of the Sittang is over 120 nautical miles distant. TENASSERIM COAST a-b 15.5 The straight baseline segment lies slightly over 12 nautical miles from the coast at an angle of 11 from its general direction. A large number of islands (+ 20) are situated close to the segment. In the north b-c averages nearly 20 nautical miles from the mainland at an angle of 13 from its general direction. The number of islands is not great until south of the Savoy River (13 31' North). A very large number of islands fringe the coast for the remainder of its extent southward. For the most part, the straight baseline joins the outermost points. Three islets in this sector, however, are seaward of the straight baseline. The angle to the coast is c. 9. The angle increases to 19 as the straight baseline extends to include outer islands. The angle is 38 to the general trend of the coast. Basepoint f is situated on a large island, over 75 miles from the mainland. The number of islands in the vicinity of the straight baseline decreases markedly although many still fringe the coast. The angle of the straight baseline is 12 to the general coastal trend. Same but the angle is 9. The straight baseline draws nearer to the mainland (c. 38 n.m.) and to the fringing islands (c. 9 n.m.). The angle to the general trend of the coast is c. 15. Same but the angle decreases to c. 10. The shortest segment of the straight baseline terminates the limits with the southernmost Burmese island. Because the line is trending towards the shore the angle increases greatly, to nearly 40. 826.4 Nautical Miles

j-k

29.0

b - c*

80.8

c* - d

17.9

d-e e-f f-g

29.0 19.2 71.1

g-h h-i

10.1 38.1

i-j j-k

10.8 6.8

TOTAL

The twenty-one straight baseline segments total 826.4 nautical miles, forming all but approximately 30 miles of the Burmese baseline. The average segment length is nearly 40 nm. The maximum length is 222.3 nm which forms a closing line for the Gulf of Martaban. At no point does the straight baseline extend seaward of the continental shelf of Burma. None of the base points is situated on the mainland of Burma. The ratio of water-to-land enclosed within the baselines is estimated to exceed 50:1.

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*Law No. 3 of 1977 substituted West Canister Island for the western point of Cabusa Island. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT BURMA - THAILAND The following excerpts from the Agreement between Burma and Thailand on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Andaman Sea (signed 25 July 1980, EIF April 1982), and the U.S. Analysis regarding the agreement are extracted from LIS, No. 102, "Maritime Boundary: Burma-Thailand" of 30 January 1985. Article 1 1. The maritime boundary between Burma and Thailand in the Andaman Sea is an equidistance line formed by a series of straight lines connecting the nine points specified hereunder in the sequence so specified: TABLE C1.T29. BURMA - THAILAND: ANDAMAN SEA BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LATITUDE 9 32'15" 9 34'29" 9 34'54" 9 35'39" 9 36'02" 9 37'24" 9 40'35" 9 45'30" 9 38'00" LONGITUDE 97 56'20" 97 52'10" 97 51'12" 97 45'29" 97 43'29" 97 37'36" 97 26'36" 96 29'35" 95 35'25"

2. That segment of the maritime boundary specified in paragraph 1 of this Article extending from Point No. 1 through Points Nos. 2, 3, and 4 to Point No. 5 shall constitute the boundary between the territorial sea of Burma and the territorial sea of Thailand. 3. That segment of the maritime boundary specified in paragraph 1 of the Article extending from Point No. 5 through Points Nos. 6, 7, and 8 to Point No. 9 shall constitute the boundary between the continental shelf of the Burma and the continental shelf of Thailand and, in the event that Thailand establishes her exclusive economic zone, this same line shall also constitute the boundary between the exclusive economic zone of Burma and the exclusive economic zone of Thailand. Article 2 1. The geographical coordinates of Points Nos. 1 to 6 specified in Article 1 are derived from the 1948 edition of British Admiralty Chart No. 3052, re-published in 1975, and those of Points Nos. 7 to 9 from the 1975 edition of British Admiralty Chart No. 830 published on 3rd January 1975. The lines connecting the said points are indicated on British Admiralty Chart No. 830, published on 3rd January 1975, attached as an Annex to this Agreement. 2. The actual location of these points at sea and of the lines connecting them shall be determined by a method to be mutually agreed upon by the hydrographic experts authorized for this purpose by the two Governments.

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CAMBODIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jul 82 Council of State Decree 12nm Foreign warships must obtain permission before entering. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertions in 1986, 1989, 1992, and 19962000. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 82 Council of State Decree Straight baselines specified. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertions in 1986, 1989 and 1996-2003. Jul 82 Agreement Agreement with Vietnam on seaward limits of "historic waters" in the Gulf of Thailand; lateral boundaries deferred.

These claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested in 1987. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jul 82 Council of State Decree 24nm Claimed jurisdiction over security. Reportedly, foreign military vessels must secure permission to enter zone. This claim and permission requirement are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertions in 1992 and 1995-2003. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jul 82 Council of State Decree 200nm "All activities" by foreigners "for whatever end" are regulated. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 82 Council of State Decree 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Jul 82 Council of State Decree 200nm REGULATION _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Mar 1907 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Thailand (Siam) EIF. (Thailand disputes.) Historic waters boundary agreement with Vietnam signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jul 83 Signed Convention; never ratified. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is the full text of the Decree of the Council of State of Kampuchea (Cambodia), signed by the Chairman of the Council of State on 13 July 1982. The chairman of the Council of State, considering that the PRK (People's Republic of Kampuchea) has full sovereignty and inviolable rights over its territorial waters and its continental shelf; Considering that the PRK must watch over its sovereignty, security and national defense toward the sea and ensure the best exploitation of natural resources in its territorial waters and continental shelf in order to serve the Jul 82 Agreement

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national defense and reconstruction efforts and the improvement of the people's living standards; Considering the Constitution of the PRK; And the Council of Ministers having been informed; Has decreed the following: Article 1 The full and entire sovereignty of the PRK extends beyond its territorial and internal waters to a maritime zone adjacent to its coasts and its internal waters, designed by the name of the territorial waters of the PRK. This sovereignty also extends to the airspace above the territorial waters of the PRK as well as to the seabed and subsoil of these waters. Article 2 The width of the territorial waters of the PRK is 12 nautical miles (1 nautical mile equaling 1,852 meters) measured from straight baselines, linking the points of the coast and the furthest points of Kampuchea's furthest islands; these baselines are traced along the low-water mark. These straight baselines are concretely defined in Annex I of this decree. The internal waters of the PRK are the waters located between the baseline of the territorial waters and the coasts of Kampuchea. Article 3 The outer limit of the territorial waters of the PRK is a line each point of which is at a distance equal to the width of the territorial waters from the closest point of the baseline. In the maritime zone between Kach Kut Island and the terminus of the land border between Kampuchea and Thailand, the limit of the territorial water of the PRK follows the dividing line of the maritime waters determined by the historic border stipulated in the Franco-Siamese treaty of 23 March 1907. Article 4 The contiguous zone of the PRK is a maritime zone located beyond and adjacent to its territorial waters, with a width of 12 nautical miles measured from the outer limit of the territorial waters of the PRK. In its contiguous zone, the PRK exercises necessary control in order to oversee its security and to prevent and check violations of its customs, fiscal, health and emigration and immigration laws. Article 5 The exclusive economic zone of the PRK is a maritime zone located beyond its territorial waters and adjacent to the latter. This zone extends to 200 nautical miles measured from the baseline used to measure the width of the territorial waters of the PRK. The PRK has sovereign rights over the exploration and exploitation and the preservation and management of all organic or inorganic natural resources of the seabed, of its subsoil and of the waters above it and over other activities leading to the exploration and exploitation of its exclusive economic zone. In its exclusive economic zone, the PRK has exclusive jurisdiction regarding the setting up and use of installations, devices and artificial islands and marine research; and has jurisdiction over the preservation of the marine environment and the control of pollution. Without prior authorization or agreement by the PRK, foreign ships are forbidden to fish or exploit any natural resources in any form, or to undertake scientific research in the exclusive economic zone of the PRK. When they have obtained prior authorization or agreement, they must conform with the laws and regulations of the PRK concerning fishing, the exploitation of other natural resources and scientific research, and with other regulations relating to them decreed by the PRK, and must strictly carry out all obligations provided in the licenses or the contracts. Article 6 The continental shelf of the PRK comprises the seabed and the subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond the territorial waters throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baseline used to measure the width of the territorial waters of the PRK. The PRK exercises sovereign rights over its continental shelf for the purposes of exploration, exploitation, preservation and management of its natural resources comprising mineral resources and other inorganic resources belonging to sedentary species living on the continental shelf. The PRK has the exclusive right to regulate the setting up and use of installations, devices and artificial islands or drilling on its continental shelf for the purpose of exploration, exploitation or any other purpose. All activities carried out by foreigners on the continental shelf of Kampuchea, for whatever end, must be the object of an authorization or an agreement by the PRK Government and conform with the laws and regulations of the PRK. Article 7 The PRK will settle, by means of negotiations with interested states, all problems concerning the maritime zones and continental shelf in a fair and logical manner on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.

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Article 8 The PRK will negotiate and agree with the SRV on the maritime border in the historic waters zone of the two countries fixed in the agreement on the historic waters of the two countries signed on 7 July 1982 in line with the spirit and letter of the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation between the two states signed on 18 February 1979. Article 9 All provisions contrary to this decree are purely and simply abrogated. Article 10 The minister of national defense, the minister of interior and the ministers concerned are charged, each in his proper field, with the implementation of this decree. Annex 1 The baseline retained for the limitation of the territorial waters of the PRK is made up of segments of a line passing successively through the following points, the coordinates of which are expressed in degrees, minutes and tenths of a minute, the longitude being counted from the meridian of Greenwich. TABLE C1.T31. CAMBODIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 GEOGRAPHICAL PLACE Border point on low-water mark between Thailand and the PRK according to treaty of 23 March 1907. Kack Kusrovie Kack Voar Poulo Wai Point 0 out at sea on the southwest limit of the historic waters of the PRK. LATITUDE NORTH 11 38.8' 11 06.8' 10 14.0' 09 55.5' LONGITUDE EAST 102 54.3' 102 47.3' 102 52.5' 102 53.2'

According to the agreement of 7 July 1982*

*This point was to be defined through later negotiations between Vietnam and Cambodia but has not been specified to date.

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U.S. ANALYSIS TABLE C1.T30. BURMA - THAILAND MARITIME BOUNDARY: U.S. ANALYSIS TURN/TERM. PT. DIST. BTWN. BOUND. PTS. (NM) 4.7 1.0 NEAREST BURMESE TERRITORY Murray Island Murray Island/ Christie Island 3 5.7 Christie Island/ Haycock Island 4 5 6 7 8 9 ** Total Mean 141.2 17.6 2.0 6.0 11.3 56.5 54.0 Haycock Island Haycock Island Haycock Island Western Rocky Island South Twin Island South Twin Island 10.3 10.0 11.9 11.8 17.0 17.0 27.5 27.6 81.5 81.9 132.8 133.5 Ko Surin Nua (Ko Sindrar Island) Ko Surin Nua Ko Surin Nua Pachumba Island Pachumba Island Pachumba Island 6.7 6.8 46 Ft. Island DIST. LAND TO BOUND. PT. (NM) NEAREST THAI TERRITORY

1 2

4.0 4.0 6.1 6.2

Stork Island 46 Ft. Island

** Distance to Tillanchong Island in the Nicobar Archipelago (India) 134.5 nm. The estimated Burma-India-Thailand tripoint (936'29" N, 9535'41" E) lies approximately 1.5 nm from point 9.

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CAMEROON
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 2000 Law No. 2000-2 12nm Rolled back former excessive claim of 50nm, based on ratification of LOS Convention. Repealed all prior claims. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 62 Decree 62-DF-216 Straight baselines enclosing bays and STRAIGHT BASELINES, & gulfs, roadsteads defined. HISTORIC CLAIMS The excessive straight baselines enclosing bays and gulfs are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1963. Aug 71 Decree 71-DF-416 Revises straight baseline claims. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 2000 Law No. 2000-2 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Apr 2000 Law No. 2000-2 To the limits allowed under international law. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 2000 Law No. 2000-2 200nm EEZ will stretch from the external boundary of the territorial sea to the limit placed under its jurisdiction by international law. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 75 Maroua Declaration Agreement with Nigeria EIF. Delimited the land and maritime boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Nov 85 May 95 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement. Oct 2002 ICJ Judgment

Aug 2002 Ratified Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following are excerpts from Decree No. 62-DF-216 of 25 June 1962. Article 1 1 Within the Cameroon Gulfs, Bays, Roadsteads, the lines from which the six nautical miles forming, in implementation of article 5 of the Code of the Merchant Service, the limits of the territorial waters shall be defined from North to South as follows. 1. The roadstead formed by the mouth of the Rio Del Rey. A line drawn from Cape Bakasi to Betika point. 2. Bidundi Bay. A line drawn from Mandale point to Cape Debundscha. 3. Ambas Bay. A line drawn from Cape Limboh to the South point of Ambas Isle and afterwards from this point to Cape Nachtigal. 4. Navire De Guerre Bay. A line drawn from Cape Nachtigal to Cape Bimbia.

Subsequent legislation, Law No. 74/16, extended Cameroon's territorial sea claim to 50nm.

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5. The roadstead formed by the mouth of the River Bimbia. A line drawn from Cape Bimbia to the point of intersection of the coast with the international meridian 9 21' 40" East. 6. The roadstead formed by the mouth of the River Wouri. A line drawn from the point defined above to Suellaba point. MARITIME BOUNDARY CAMEROON - NIGERIA The following is extracted from the International Court of Justice Decision of 10 October 2002 on the Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea Intervening). III. (C) By thirteen votes to three, Decides that the boundary between the Republic of Cameroon and the Federal Republic of Nigeria in Bakassi follows the thalweg of the Akpakorum (Akwayafe) River, dividing the Mangrove Islands near Ikang in the way shown on map TSGS 2240, as far as the straight line joining Bakassi Point and King Point; IV. (B) By thirteen votes to three, Decides that, up to point G below, the boundary of the maritime areas appertaining respectively to the Republic of Cameroon and to the Federal Republic of Nigeria takes the following course: Starting from the point of intersection of the centre of the navigable channel of the Akwayafe River with the straight line joining Bakassi Point and King Point as referred to in point III (C) above, the boundary follows the compromise line drawn jointly at Yaounde on 4 April 1971 by the Heads of State of Cameroon and Nigeria on British Admiralty Chart 3433 (Yaounde II Declaration) and passing through 12 numbered points, whose coordinates are as follows: TABLE C1.T32. CAMEROON - NIGERIA BOUNDARY CAMEROON - NIGERIA BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 LONGITUDE 8 30 44 E 8 30 00 E 828 50 E 8 27 52 E 827 09 E 8 26 36 E 8 26 03 E 8 25 42 E 8 25 35 E 8 25 08 E 8 24 27 E 8 24 38 E LATITUDE 4 40 28 N 4 40 00 N 4 39 00 N 4 38 00 N 4 37 00 N 4 36 00 N 4 35 00 N 4 34 18 N 4 34 00 N 4 33 00 N 4 32 00 N 4 31 26 N

From point 12, the boundary follows the line adopted in the Declaration signed by the Heads of State of Cameroon and Nigeria at Maroua on 1 June 1975 (Maroua Declaration), as corrected by the exchange of letters between the said Heads of State of 12 June and 17 July 1975; that line passes through points A to G, whose co-ordinates are as follows:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T32. CAMEROON - NIGERIA BOUNDARY POINT A A1 B C D E F G (C ) Unanimously, Decides, that from Point G, the boundary line between the maritime areas appertaining respectively to the Republic of Cameroon and to the Federal Republic of Nigeria follows a loxodrome having an azimuth of 270 as far as the equidistance line passing through the midpoint of the line joining West Point and East Point; the boundary meets this equidistance line at a point X, with coordinates of 8 21 20 longitude E and 4 17 00 latitude north; (D) Unanimously, Decides that, from point X, the boundary between the maritime areas appertaining respectively to the Republic of Cameroon and to the Federal Republic of Nigeria follows a loxodrome having an azimuth of 187 52 27. LONGITUDE 8 24 24 E 8 24 24 E 824 10 E 8 23 42 E 822 41 E 8 22 17 E 8 22 19 E 8 22 19 E LATITUDE 4 31 30 N 4 31 20 N 4 26 32 N 4 23 28 N 4 20 00 N 4 19 32 N 4 18 46 N 4 17 00 N

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CANADA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 97 An Act Respecting the 12nm Repealed Territorial Sea and Fishery Oceans of Canada Zones Act. (Oceans Act) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, 1763 Royal Proclamation Established closing lines for St. Lawrence STRAIGHT BASELINES, & River. HISTORIC CLAIMS Jul 1906 Amendment to Fisheries Claimed Hudson Bay as historic waters. Act This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1906. 1938 Sec. 2, Custom Act, Chap. 42, RSC Redefined St. Lawrence River closing lines: Cape Rosiere to west end of Anticosti Island to mouth of St. Johns River. Established straight baselines (Areas 1, 2, and 3) (Labrador & Newfoundland). These claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claims in 1967. May 69 Order-in-Council P.C. 1969-1109 Established straight baselines (Areas 4,5, and 6) (Nova Scotia, Vancouver Is., Queen Charlotte Islands). These claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claims in 1969. Feb 71 Order-in-Council P.C. 1971-366 Established fisheries closing lines for Fundy, St. Lawrence, and Queen Charlotte regions. Revisions to straight baselines: Areas 1 through 6. Established straight baselines around Canadian Arctic Islands. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1985 and 1986. Appears to maintain above straight baselines and historical water claims. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jan 97 Oceans Act 24nm Jurisdiction to enforce customs, fiscal, immigration and sanitation. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jan 97 Oceans Act Outer edge of continental margin as the submerged prolongation of the land mass of Canada consisting of the seabed and subsoil of the shelf, the slope and the rise, but not including the deep ocean floor with its oceanic ridges or its subsoil. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jan 97 Oceans Act

Oct 67

Order-in-Council 19672025

May 72

Order-in-Council P.C. 1972-966 Order-in-Council P.C. 1985-2739

Jan 86

Mar 77 Sep 78

200nm

Extended fishery zone in Arctic region. Extended fishery claim in Atlantic (Gulf of Maine area).

May 94

Claims fishing jurisdiction beyond 200nm. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1994.

Jan 97 Jan 97

Oceans Act Oceans Act

200nm

EEZ.

Fishing Zones defined as areas of the sea adjacent to the coast of Canada that are prescribed in the regulations. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Jun 70 Arctic Waters Pollution 100nm Applied to Arctic region north of 60N. REGULATION Prevention Act Extended pollution control to all Canadian waters. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Mar 72 Agreement Territorial sea boundary agreement with France (St. Pierre and Miquelon) EIF. See LIS No. 57. Mar 74 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Denmark (Greenland) EIF. See LIS No. 72. Maritime boundary with United States (Gulf of Maine area) delimited by ICJ Chamber. Mar 71 Amended Shipping Act

Oct 84

ICJ Judgment

Court of Arbitration Boundary with France (St. Pierre & Decision Miquelon) delimited. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Nov 2003 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Jun 92

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The extensive Canadian system of straight baselines is provided in the following paragraphs. The latest coordinates for the system, excluding the Arctic region, were decreed by Order-in-Council P.C. 1972-966 of May 1972 and are listed by region in the following order: Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Labrador, Vancouver Island, and Queen Charlotte Islands. Finally, the entire text of recent legislation covering the straight baselines claims in the Canadian Arctic area is provided. TABLE C1.T33. CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: NOVA SCOTIA CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: NOVA SCOTIA POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 LATITUDE NORTH 4414'12"N. 4414'31"N. 4404'40"N. 4351'03"N. 4347'58"N. 4338'1O"N. 4337'52"N. 4324'13"N. 4323'34"N. 4323'19"N. 4323'18"N. 4327'53"N. 4340'28"N. 4348'29"N. 4359'20"N. 4410'28"N. 4418'40"N 4426'16"N. 4425'52"N. 4425'50"N. 4426'54"N. 4437'03"N. 4439'33"N. 4439'26"N. 4449'25"N. 4452'10"N. 4454'34"N. 4503'10"N. LONGITUDE WEST 6623'48"W. 6623'24"W. 6612'42"W. 6610'17"W. 6610'18"W. 6609'00"W. 6608'55"W. 6602'28"W. 6601'16"W. 66OO'22"W. 6537'10"W. 6522'48"W. 6502'05"W. 6447'22"W. 6439'40"W 6419'32"W. 6410'02"W. 6346'04"W. 6338'57"W. 6334'09"W. 6332'10"W. 6316'52"W. 6259'44"W. 6251'58"W. 6220'13"W. 6209'22"W. 6201'47"W. 6159'19"W. DESCRIPTION Whipple Point, Brier Island SW. side of Gull Rock Islet south of Cape St. Mary SW. extremity of Chewoggin Point NW. side of Cape Fourchu NW. side Gannet Rock Unnamed islet south of Gannet Rock SW. extremity of Devils Limb SW. extremity of Seal Island South extremity of Seal Island Cape Sable South extreme Salvage Group Potter Ledge Little Hope Island Western Head Black Rock East extreme Cross Island Betty Island Pennant Point Shag Rock Black Rock Shut-In Island Old Man Transport Ledges Beaver Island Bowen Ledge Gull Ledge Pollux Rock

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CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: NOVA SCOTIA POINT 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 LATITUDE NORTH 4506'00"N 4510'10"N. 4511'58"N. 4514'32"N. 4514'39"N. 4534'13"N. 4534'28"N. 4537'12"N. 4538'36"N. 4542'58"N. 4545'55"N. 4546'06"N. 4548'14"N. 4552'23"N. 4556'16"N. 4559'33"N. 4602'14"N. 4610'51"N. 4614'58"N. 4615'11"N. 4616'04"N. 4637'39"N. 4641'12"N. 4650'54"N. 4701'46"N. LONGITUDE WEST 6132'24"W. 6121'16"W. 6106'31"W. 6059'08"W. 6058'51"W. 6040'41"W. 6038'55"W. 6029'26"W. 6025'25"W. 6013'48"W. 6006'38"W. 6006'15"W. 6003'42"W. 5959'40"W. 5947'23"W. 5942'01"W. 5939'42"W. 5946'12"W. 6002'36"W. 6003'36"W. 6007'36"W. 6021'01"W. 6019'48"W. 6018'09"W. 6023'25"W. DESCRIPTION Country Island Shag Rock Millstone Island White Point Ledges White Point Ledges Michand Point Basque Islands St. Esprit Island West Head Fourchu Head SE. side of Guyon Island Rock east of Guyon Island Black Rocks White Point Portnova Islands Howe Point, Scatarie Island Cormorandiere Rocks Flint Island David Head Coast west of David Head Low Point Cape Smoky East Rocks Cape Egmont Money Point

Off-lying Island The baseline around Sable Island follows the low water contour.

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TABLE C1.T34. CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: NEWFOUNDLAND CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: NEWFOUNDLAND POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 LATITUDE NORTH 4737'15"N. 4735'20"N. 4733'48"N. 4733'28"N. 4733'55"N. 4735'32"N. 4735'52"N. 4737'48"N. 4738'25"N. 4733'20"N. 4730'05"N. 4722'36"N. 4722'30"N. 4731'50"N. 4736'40"N. 4728'50"N. 4711'08"N. 4659'34"N. 4642'43"N. 4651'37"N. 4651'20"N. 4650'21"N. 4650'17"N. 4651'21"N. 4652'16"N. 4649'14"N. 4646'34"N. 4636'50"N. 4636'42"N. 4637'29"N. 4638'29"N. 4638'36"N. LONGITUDE WEST 5918'20"W. 5914'54"W. 5911'35"W. 5910'28"W. 5859'40"W. 5843'15"W. 5841'35"W. 5822'25"W. 5813'30"W. 5739'55"W. 5726'50"W. 5659'38"W. 5658'58"W. 5648'05"W. 5630'15"W. 5613'40"W. 5603'51"W. 5558'40"W. 5605'38"W. 5605'57"W. 5605'29"W. 5549'30"W. 5544'51"W. 5537'25"W. 5523'04"W. 5411'54"W. 5306'13"W. 5335'12"W. 5333'30"W. 5309'48"W. 5306'08"W. 5305'51"W. Cape Bay Shag Island Duck Island Yankee Rock S.E. Rock S.W. Shag Rock Black Rock Rock south of Ireland Island Offer Island Rock s.w. side of Miffel Island South Turr Islet South Colombier Island Lord Island Distress Rock Black Point Southwestern Wolf Rock Little Plate Island Dantzic Point N.W. side of Green Island S.W. Little Green Island Enfant Perdu Lamaline Shag Rock Shag Rock Offer Island Islet off Ferryland Head Cape St. Marys S.W. Bull and Cow Shoal Point Cape Freels Mistaken Point Cripple Rock Point Big John's Point DESCRIPTION

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CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: NEWFOUNDLAND POINT 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 LATITUDE NORTH 4638'45"N. 4639'30"N. 4647'16"N. 4652'39"N. 4656'27"N. 4700'57"N. 4703'47"N. 471O'57"N. 4714'10"N. 4718'34"N. 4726'11"N. 4729'04"N. 4731'25"N. 4738'50"N. 4739'57"N. 4743'20"N. 4745'22"N. LONGITUDE WEST 5305'32"W. 5304'18"W. 5256'52"W. 5254'00"W. 5253'33"W. 5251'13"W. 5251'08"W. 5248'32"W. 5246'45"W. 5244'51"W. 5239'31"W. 5238'03"W. 5237'13"W. 5239'38"W. 5240'08"W. 5242'01"W. 5242'43"W. DESCRIPTION Unnamed peninsula Cape Race Cape Ballard Renewse Rocks Bear Cove Point Hare's Ears Cape Broyle Great Island Green Island Bull Head Motion Rocks North Head Cape Spear Redcliff Head Tobray Point Red Head Black Head North

thence along L.W. line to : 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 4745'29"N. 4748'17"N. 4748'34"N. 4806'57"N. 4808'40"N. 4809'32"N. 4832'49"N. 4835'56"N. 4835'59"N. 4837'30"N. 4838'07"N. 4839'29"N. 4842'47"N. 4910'23"N. 4915'26"N. 4919'55"N. 5242'51"W. 5246'19"W. 5247'12"W. 5247'34"W. 5247'27"W. 5247'50"W. 5300'13"W. 5259'48"W. 5259'48"W. 5300'34"W. 5300'54"W. 5301'48"W. 5305'32"W. 5321'30"W. 5325'46"W. 5335'19"W. Black Head North Islet N.E. of Pigeon Island Cape St. Francis Baccalieu Island S.E. side Baccalieu Island, Rock off N.E. side Baccalieu Island - north extremity North Head Flowers Point Flowers Point South Bird Island North Bird Island Islet close-off Cape L'Argent Gull Island Eastern Cabot Island Gull Island Outer Cat Island

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CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: NEWFOUNDLAND POINT 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 LATITUDE NORTH 4935'42"N. 4947'30"N. 4949'52"N. 4950'11"N. 5000'01"N. 5011'53"N. 5047'14"N. 5048'50"N. 5059'20"N. 5110'33"N. 5122'19"N. 5134'52"N. LONGITUDE WEST 5345'42"W. 5359'04"W. 5404'49"W. 5408'45"W. 5521'15"W. 5541'15"W. 5527'15"W. 5526'50"W. 5531'14"W. 5540'38"W. 5529'49"W. 5521'00"W. DESCRIPTION Offer Wadham Island S.E. Barrack Island Bishops Island N.E. Turr Islet Gull Island Eastern St. Barbe Island Bell Island N.E. Rock N.E. Sister Islet Fichot Island Crow Head Eastern White Island

The baseline around Funk Island follows the low-water contour. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 5215'30"N. 5226'37"N. 5240'2O"N. 5254'37"N. 5258'55"N. 5312'23"N. 5325'58"N. 5343'06"N. 5400'00"N. 5414'58"N. 5427'06"N. 5444'08"N. 5455'35"N. 5500'55"N. 5512'20"N. 5518'40"N. 5526'08"N. 5551'55"N. 5614'22"N. 5622'02"N. 5630'08"N. 5532'58"W. 5537'40"W. 5544'43"W. 5547'26"W. 5544'34"W. 5541'19"W. 5536'22"W. 5555'10"W. 5632'12"W. 5648'22"W. 5651'08"W. 5720'28"W. 5754'35"W. 5811'30"W. 5844'05"W. 5919'20"W. 5930'32"W. 5954'30"W. 6027'29"W. 6030'13"W. 6037'27"W. Double Island Spear Point Eastern Twin Island Cooper Island Eddystone Island S.E. Raven Islet east of Roundhill Island North Wolf Rock Outer Gannet Island Southeast Rock East Rock Quaker Hat Cape Harrison Ragged Islands Kidlialuit Island (Ironbound Is.) Turnavik Island Islet N.E. of White Bear Island Nanuktok Island N.E. Kidlit Island Eastern Flat Rock S.E. Hen and Chicken Island

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CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: NEWFOUNDLAND POINT 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 LATITUDE NORTH 5648'20"N. 5653'58"N. 5702'28"N. 5712'26"N. 5716'24"N. 5734'27"N. 5755'15"N. 5813'43"N. 5830'06"N. 5833'03"N. 5849'02"N. 5902'40"N. 5921'47"N. 5937'22"N. 5950'54"N. 5954'35"N. 5959'32"N. 6005'04"N. 6015'41"N. 6019'43"N. 6019'20"N. 6034'29"N. 6042'07"N. LONGITUDE WEST 6047'24"W. 6059'02"W. 6108'27"W. 6118'40"W. 6118'07"W. 6118'37"W. 6139'49"W. 6206'56"W. 6234'32"W. 6238'08"W. 6254'38"W. 6307'43"W. 6325'04"W. 6329'10"W. 6346'00"W. 6347'58"W. 6352'25"W. 6357'30"W. 6412'54"W. 6417'45"W. 6425'47"W. 6431'27"W. 6434'57"W. DESCRIPTION Sentinel Rock Northern Trio Island Orphan Island Barnes Island Unnamed island 5 miles east of Kikiktaksoak Island Stirrup Island White Bear Island Islet north of Watchman Island Bluebell Island Big Island Reichel Head Gulch Cape Island 3 miles eastward of Big White Bearskin Islandd Unnamed islet Unnamed islet, Galvano Group Unnamed islet, Galvano Group N.E. Galvano Island Unnamed islet N.E. Casper Island Argo Island Cabot Island N.E. Knight Island Lacy Island

The baseline around Bulldog Island follows the low water mark.

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TABLE C1.T35. CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: VANCOUVER ISLAND CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: VANCOUVER ISLAND POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 LATITUDE NORTH 4835'37"N. 4843'15"N. 4852'30"N. 4858'35"N. 4904'12"N. 4910'06"N. 4922'35"N. 4924'10"N. 4936'56"N. 4940'32"N. 4943'52"N. 4951'52"N. 4957'19"N. 5000'23"N. 5004'32"N. 5005'30"N. 5006'32"N. 5006'39"N. 5006'52"N. 5020'07"N. 5032'16"N. 5037'03"N. 5039'40"N. 5047'02"N. 5049'02"N. 5051'09"N. LONGITUDE WEST 12443'09"W. 12505'52"W. 12528'40"W. 12538'43"W. 12551'52"W. 12605'23"W. 12633'02"W. 12635'08"W. 12649'57"W. 12654'30"W. 12658'02"W. 12709'26"W. 12720'13"W. 12730'49"W. 12748'47"W. 12752'37"W. 12756'16"W. 12756'28"W. 12759'34"W. 12759'33"W. 12813'14"W. 12819'14"W. 12822'OO"W 12846'04"W. 12856'22"W. 12905'24"W. DESCRIPTION Bonilla Point Pachena Point Mara Rock Rock S.W. of Florencia Islet Western Gowlland Rock Cleland Island Estevan Point Rock west of Homeis Cove Bajo Point Shoreline N.W. of Skunae Bay Rock S.E. from Ferrer Point Tatchu Point Island south of Thornton Island Rock west of Lookout Island Clerke Point Unnamed rock Solander Island Solander Island Islet N.W. of Solander Island Islet south of Kwakiutl Point Topknot Point Unnamed islet Western Winifred Island Rock S.E. of Beresford Island Unnamed islet Triangle Island

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TABLE C1.T36. CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 (6) Canadian Arctic Following is the full text of the Territorial Sea Geographical Coordinates (Area 7) Order, P.C. 1985-2739, of 10 September 1985. The map provided at the end of the Order is extracted from Geographic Notes, Issue 2, 31 January 1986. Whereas Canada has long maintained and exercised sovereignty over the waters of the Canadian Arctic archipelago. Therefore, Her Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Secretary of State for External Affairs, pursuant to subsection 5(1) [R.S.C. 1970, c.45 (1st Supp.), .3] of the Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Act, is pleased hereby to make the annexed order respecting geographical coordinates of points from which baselines may be determined, effective January 1, 1986. LATITUDE NORTH 5414'45"N 5409'50"N 5356'17"N 5346'24"N 5332'51"N 5318'54"N 5324'10"N 5311'45"N 5305'11"N 5302'48"N 5255'38"N 5253'41"N 5248'01"N 5244'50"N 5241'36"N 5234'41"N 5230'40"N 5220'25"N 5219'34"N 5212'56"N 5204'53"N 5158'16"N 5155'21"N 5154'40"N. 5154'22"N. LONGITUDE WEST 13305'02"W 13307'38"W 13312'02"W 13307'23"W 13301'05"W 13247'35"W 13243'26"W 13240'12"W 13234'50"W 13232'05"W 13222'00"W 13219'33"W 13214'00"W 13208'32"W 13203'37"W 13153'35"W 13146'56"W 13134'37"W 13133'32"W 13125'22"W 13113'46"W 13104'41"W 13100'14"W 13059'03"W 13058'10"W DESCRIPTION Rock S.W. from Thrumb Islet Carew Rock Frederick Island Tian Rock Rock N.W. from Hippa Island Kindakun Rock Hunter Point Marble Rock Islet S.W. from Buck Point Kitgoro Point Islet west from Cape Henry Bottle Point Chads Point Northern entrance to Tasu Sound Point west of Mt. De la Touche Coast south of Murray Cove Coast south of Mike Inlet Northwest side of Wells Cove South entrance to Wells Cove Islet S.E. of McLean Fraser Point Islet S.W. from Anthony Island Rock S.E. from Barber Point Rock S.E. from Cape St. James Rock west of Kerouard Islands Rock S.E. of Kerouard Islands

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Order Respecting Geographical Coordinates Of Points From Which Baselines May Be Determined The following is extracted from the Territorial Sea Geographical Coordinates (Area 7) Order of 10 September 1985. Although the Oceans Act of 1997 repealed the Territorial Sea and Fishing Zone Act, it retained the straight baselines identified in the earlier Act. Short Title 1. This Order may be cited as the Territorial Sea Geographical Coordinates (Area 7) Order. Interpretation 2. In this Order, "Act" means the Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Act "Area 7" means the Canadian Arctic Islands and Mainland and includes all islands and low-tide elevations adjacent to the Area; (region 7) "C.H.S. Chart" means Canadian Hydrographic Service Chart; (carte S.H.C.) General 3. (1) The lists of geographical coordinates of points set out in Schedules I, II and III are hereby issued as lists of geographical coordinates of points from which baselines may be determined pursuant to the Act in respect of Area 7. (2) For the purposes of subsection (1), the geographical coordinates of points set out in columns II and III of an item of the schedules are those determined from the chart and edition set out in column IV of that item. 4. (1) In respect of the portion of Area 7 for which the geographical coordinates of points are listed in Schedule I, the baselines are straight lines joining the points so listed. (2) In respect of the portion of Area 7 for which the geographical coordinates of points are listed in Schedule II, the baseline is the low-water line along the coast joining the points so listed. (3) In respect of the portion of Area 7 for which the geographical coordinates of points are listed in Schedule III, the baselines are the lowwater lines of the islands and of the low-tide elevations. TABLE C1.T37. CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE I, (Subsection 4(1)), Area 7 CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE I, (Subsection 4(1)), Area 7 POINT LOCALITY LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST C.H.S. CHART AND EDITION 7601(1979) 7601(1979) 7601(1979) 7602(1981) 7602(1981) 7602(1981) 7602(1981) 7602(1981) 7604(1984) 7604(1984)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Nunaluk Spit [See Schedule II] Herschel Island [See Schedule II] Collinson Head [See Schedule II] Kay Point Pitt Island Garry Island Pelly Island [See Schedule II] Pelly Island [See Schedule II] Hooper Island Pullen Island [See Schedule II]

6936'54"N. 6938'30"N. 6934'40"N. 6917'54"N. 6910'55"N. 6929'55"N. 6935'18"N. 6938'22"N. 6941'45"N. 6947'08"N.

13954'10"W. 13907'24"W. 13850'25"W. 13823'20"W. 13616'00"W. 13549'03"W. 13535'30"W. 13529'00"W. 13455'15"W. 13423'18"W.

106

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CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE I, (Subsection 4(1)), Area 7 POINT LOCALITY LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST C.H.S. CHART AND EDITION 7604(1984) 7604(1984) 7604(1984) 7604(1984) 7605(1984) 7605(1984) 7605(1984) 7606(1984) 7081(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972)

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

Pullen Island [See Schedule II] Hendrickson Island Tuft Point [See Schedule II] Warren Point [See Schedule II] Atkinson Point Relief Islet Cape Dalhousie Observation Point Cape Kellet [See Schedule II] Meek Point [See Schedule II] Liot Point [See Schedule II] Unnamed Point [See Schedule II] Bernard Island Norway Island [See Schedule II] Norway Island [See Schedule II] Robilliard Island Phillips Island Gore Islands Gore Islands Cape Prince Alfred Perseverance Point Unnamed Island Unnamed Island Unnamed Island Unnamed Island Lands End Unnamed Island Tullett Point Unnamed Island Cape Andreason Unnamed Island Unnamed Island Satellite Bay

6946'45"N. 6932'25"N. 6944'15"N. 6945'50"N. 6957'10"N. 7010'20"N. 7016'12"N. 7038'15"N. 7159'10"N. 7252'20"N. 7306'03"N. 7329'00"N. 7334'45"N. 7341'50"N. 7342'50"N. 7355'30"N. 7405'05"N. 7417'45"N. 7418'45"N. 7420'30"N. 7554'10"N. 7600'20"N. 7601'24"N. 7603'00"N. 7612'20"N. 7621'24"N. 7627'05"N. 7644'36"N. 7716'00"N. 7719'30"N. 7722'30"N. 7724'30"N. 7731'15"N.

13416'18"W. 13331'50"W. 13232'15"W. 13217'24"W. 13126'15"W. 13046'40"W. 12945'36"W. 12816'06"W. 12601'00"W. 12607'00"W. 12452'20"W. 12418'40"W. 12420'30"W. 12441'00"W. 12443'00"W. 12432'00"W. 12435'40"W. 12504'00"W. 12501'30"W. 12446'00"W. 12240'20"W. 12301'00"W. 12303'30"W. 12305'00"W. 12259'00"W. 12258'00"W. 12209'00"W. 12112'00"W. 11923'00"W. 11910'00"W. 11847'00"W. 11812'00"W. 11716'00"W.

107

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CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE I, (Subsection 4(1)), Area 7 POINT LOCALITY LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST C.H.S. CHART AND EDITION 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7952(1972) 7953(1972) 7953(1972) 7953(1972) 7953(1972) 7953(1972) 7953(1972) 7953(1972) 7953(1972) 7953(1972) 7953(1972) 7953(1972) 7953(1972) 7954(1974) 7954(1974) 7954(1974) 7954(1974) 7954(1974) 7954(1974) 7954(1974) 7954(1974) 7954(1974) 7304(1978) 7304(1978) 7304(1978) 7304(1978)

44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

Cape Leopold M'Clintock Ballantyne Strait Polynia Islands Polynia Islands Polynia Islands Brock Island Brock Island Wilkins Strait Borden Island Borden Island Borden Island Borden Island Isachsen Peninsula Meighen Island Periev Island Cape Northwest Rum Islands Biarnason Island Axel Heiberg Island Cape Thomas Hubbard Kievbolte Peninsula Cape Bourne Cape Armstrong Cape Woods Alert Point Cape Bicknor Cape Hanshawe Martin [See Schedule II] Cape Richards [See Schedule II] Cape Discovery Ward Hunt Island Cape Nares Cape Aldrich Stuckberry Point

7732'36"N. 7735'50"N. 7738'55"N. 7745'55"N. 7748'50"N. 7754'00"N. 7805'20"N. 7820'25"N. 7827'50"N. 7834'40"N. 7837'18"N. 7848'00"N. 7922'45"N. 8008'53"N. 8011'12"N. 8021'36"N. 8032'10"N. 8040'15"N. 8100'15"N. 8120'12"N. 8143'50"N. 8156'40"N. 8206'06"N. 8213'06"N. 8227'30"N. 8248'54"N. 8256'50"N. 8258'20"N. 8305'20"N. 8308'10"N. 8305'55"N. 8306'40"N. 8257'00"N.

11654'00"W. 11634'00"W. 11608'00"W. 11554'00"W. 11547'00"W. 11526'00"W. 11502'30"W. 11412'00"W. 11307'00"W. 11230'00"W. 11212'50"W. 11046'00"W. 10532'00"W. 9946'00"W. 9918'00"W. 9634'00"W. 9615'00"W. 9607'00"W. 9514'00"W. 9418'00"W. 9142'00"W. 9035'00"W. 8803'00"W. 8650'00"W. 8547'00"W. 8131'00"W. 7953'00"W. 7922'00"W. 7653'00"W. 7407'30"W. 7133'00"W. 6942'00"W. 6644'00"W.

108

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CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE I, (Subsection 4(1)), Area 7 POINT LOCALITY LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST C.H.S. CHART AND EDITION 7304(1978) 7304(1978) 7304(1978) 7304(1978) 7304(1978) 7304(1978) 7072(1971) 7072(1971) 7072(1971) 7072(1971) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7302(1978) 7071(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7220(1979) 7220(1979)

77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109

Cape Hecla Cape Joseph Henry Cape Sheridan [See Schedule II] Wrangel Bay [See Schedule II] Wrangel Bay [See Schedule II] St. Patrick Bay [See Schedule II] Cape Baird [See Schedule II] Cape Back [See Schedule II] Cape Von Buch [See Schedule II] Cape Lawrence [See Schedule II] Cape Knorr [See Schedule II] Cape Louis Napoleon [See Schedule II] Cape Hawks Victoria Head Cape Henry [See Schedule II] Cape Albert [See Schedule II] Cape Sabine Brevoort Island Cape Herschel Cape Isabella Paget Point [See Schedule II] Cape Dunsterville [See Schedule II] Orne Island Cape Mouat [See Schedule II] Eskimo Bluff [See Schedule II] Cape Combermere [See Schedule II] Cape Norton Shaw [See Schedule II] Phillips Point Princess Charlotte Monument Johnson Point [See Schedule II] Cape Parker [See Schedule II] Cape Cockburn De Ros Islands

8254'30"N. 8249'40"N. 8228'30"N. 8200'15"N. 8158'30"N. 8147'35"N. 8129'40"N. 8055'30"N. 8053'05"N. 8020'54"N. 7950'00"N. 7937'20"N. 7930'27"N. 7913'50"N. 7909'06"N. 7902'56"N. 7843'55"N. 7840'40"N. 7836'06"N. 7819'40"N. 7806'24"N. 7757'20"N. 7752'24"N. 7735'45"N. 7726'24"N. 7658'20"N. 7627'24"N. 7603'00"N. 7550'30"N. 7522'45"N. 7513'25"N. 7453'00"N. 7448'00"N.

6452'00"W. 6333'00"W. 6132'00"W. 6219'00"W. 6230'00"W. 6354'00"W. 6428'30"W. 6721'00"W. 6734'00"W. 6936'00"W. 7114'00"W. 7240'00"W. 7332'00"W. 7427'00"W. 7435'00"W. 7424'00"W. 7406'00"W. 7407'00"W. 7435'00"W. 7502'00"W. 7533'30"W. 7553'00"W. 7619'00"W. 7742'00"W. 7814'30"W. 7758'30"W. 7823'30"W. 7849'50"W. 7849'50"W. 7929'30"W. 7930'50"W. 7919'00"W. 7932'20"W.

109

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CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE I, (Subsection 4(1)), Area 7 POINT LOCALITY LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST C.H.S. CHART AND EDITION 7220(1979) 7220(1979) 7220(1979) 7220(1979) 7217(1983) 7217(1983) 7217(1983) 7217(1983) 7217(1983) 7217(1983) 7217(1983) 7217(1983) 7217(1983) 7217(1983) 7053(1970) 7053(1970) 7053(1970) 7053(1970) 7053(1970) 7053(1970) 7053(1970) 7053(1970) 7053(1970) 7053(1970) 7053(1970) 7053(1970) 7052(1966) 7052(1966) 7052(1966) 7052(1966) 7052(1966) 7052(1966) 7052(1966)

110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143

Cape Sherard Cape Hay [See Schedule II] Cape Graham Moore [See Schedule II]. Cape Bowen [See Schedule II] Cape Coutts [See Schedule II] Cape Antrobus Cape Jameson Cape Cargenholm Cape Lord Rutherford Cape Hunter [See Schedule II] Scott Inlet [See Schedule II] Cape Come Again Erik Point Cape Eglinton [See Schedule II] Cape Christian [See Schedule II] Agnes Monument Cape Hewett [See Schedule II] Cape Raper [See Schedule II] Henry Kater Peninsula [See Schedule II] Cape Henry Kater [See Schedule II] Satigsun Island Kangeeak Point [See Schedule II] Kangeeak Point [See Schedule II] Cape Broughton Merchants Bay Cape Searle Durban Island Unnamed Island Cape Dyer [See Schedule II] Cape Dyer [See Schedule II] Exeter Sound Cape Waisingham Angijak Island

7436'00"N. 7344'12"N. 7252'12"N 7233'30"N. 7215'26"N. 7214'00"N. 7204'45"N. 7146'30"N. 7141'42"N. 7139'30"N. 7115'00"N. 7107'10"N. 7051'50"N. 7047'12"N. 7033'40"N. 7031'12"N. 7016'00"N. 6944'30"N. 6916'00"N. 6912'20"N. 6831'40"N. 6802'20"N. 6758'40"N. 6739'12"N. 6720'24"N. 6713'40"N. 6707'20"N. 6656'05"N. 6646'00"N. 6636'12"N. 6620'36"N. 6600'05"N. 6540'06"N.

8013'00"W. 8001'40"W. 7603'30"W. 7533'00"W. 7455'06"W. 7441'20"W. 7414'20"W. 7335'50"W. 7310'30"W. 7232'50"W. 7108'50"W. 7046'45"W. 6946'25"W. 6914'30"W. 6818'40"W. 6811'30"W. 6744'30"W. 6656'30"W. 6629'00"W. 6628'20"W. 6633'00"W. 6457'30"W. 6444'00"W. 6356'00"W. 6305'30"W. 6227'30"W. 6205'30"W. 6142'00"W. 6126'00"W. 6115'30"W. 6128'00"W. 6157'00"W. 6206'30"W.

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CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE I, (Subsection 4(1)), Area 7 POINT LOCALITY LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST C.H.S. CHART AND EDITION 7052(1966) 7052(1966) 7052(1966) 7051(1973) 7051(1973) 7051(1973) 7051(1973) 7050(1961) 7050(1961) 7050(1961) 7050(1961) 7050(1961) 7050(1961) 7050(1961) 7050(1961) 7050(1961) 7050(1961) 4773(1963) 4773(1963) 4773(1963)

144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163

Angijak Island Muingmak-Island Saxe-Coburg Island Leybourne Island Lemieux Islands Lemieux Islands Lemieux Islands Lemieux Islands Lady Franklin Island Lady Franklin Island Monumental Island North Foreland Loks Land Edgell Island Resolution Island Resolution Island Hatton Headland Lacy Island Knight Group Cabot Island

6537'30"N. 6516'30"N. 6452'06"N. 6418'40"N. 6402'20"N. 6354'50"N. 6337'50"N. 6325'15"N. 6256'24"N. 6255'10"N. 6246'00"N. 6231'12"N. 6216'24"N. 6148'10"N. 6137'50"N. 6131'20"N. 6119'00"N. 6041'06"N. 6034'30"N. 6026'20"N.

6208'30"W. 6256'00"W. 6315'30"W. 6429'30"W. 6414'30"W. 6408'00"W. 6355'00"W. 6353'00"W. 6341'00"W. 6341'30"W. 6345'00"W. 6405'00"W. 6426'40"W. 6444'00"W. 6436'30"W. 6433'15"W. 6446'30"W. 6435'00"W. 6431'30"W. 6425'47"W.

TABLE C1.T38. CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE II, (Subsection 4(2)), Area 7 CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE II, (Subsection 4(2)), Area 7 POINT LOCALITY LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST C.H.S. CHART AND EDITION 7601(1979) 7601(1979) 7601(1979) 7601(1979) 7602(1981)

Demarcation Point Nunaluk Spit

6938'46"N. 6936'54"N. 6938'30"N. 6934'40"N. 6935'18"N.

14100'00"W. 13934'10"W. 13907'24"W. 13850'25"W. 13535'30"W.

Herschel Island Collinson Head

Pelly Island

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CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE II, (Subsection 4(2)), Area 7 POINT LOCALITY LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST C.H.S. CHART AND EDITION 7602(1981) 7604(1984) 7604(1984) 7604(1984) 7604(1984) 7081(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7832(1971) 7954(1974) 7954(1974) 7304(1978) 7304(1978) 7304(1978) 7304(1978) 7072(1971) 7072(1971) 7072(1971) 7072(1971) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7071(1964) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978) 7302(1978)

Pelly Island 4 Pulien Island Pulien Island 5 Tuft Point Warren Point 6 Cape Kellet Meek Point 7 Liot Point Unnamed Point 8 Norway Island Norway Island 9 Cape Fanshawe Martin Cape Richards 10 Cape Sheridan Wrangel Bay 11 Wrangel Bay St. Patrick Bay 12 Cape Baird Cape Back 13 Cape Von Buch Cape Lawrence 14 Cape Knorr Cape Louis Napoleon 15 Cape Henry Cape Albert 16 Paget Point Cape Dunsterville 17 Cape Mouat Eskimo Bluff 18 Cape Combermere Cape Norton Shaw 19 Johnson Point Cape Parker

6938'22"N. 6947'08"N. 6946'45"N. 6944'15"N. 6945'50"N. 7159'10"N. 7252'20"N. 7306'03"N. 7329'00"N. 7341'50"N. 7342'50"N. 8256'50"N. 8258'20"N. 8228'30"N. 8200'15"N. 8158'30"N. 8147'35"N. 8129'40"N. 8055'30"N. 8053'05"N. 8020'54"N. 7950'00"N. 7937'20"N. 7909'06"N. 7902'56"N. 7806'24"N. 7757'20"N. 7735'45"N. 7726'24"N. 7658'20"N. 7627'24"N. 7522'45"N. 7513'25"N.

13529'00"W. 13423'18"W. 13416'18"W. 13232'15"W. 13217'24"W. 12601'00"W. 12607'00"W. 12452'20"W. 12418'40"W. 12441'00"W. 12443'00"W. 7953'00"W. 7922'00"W. 6132'00"W. 6219'00"W. 6230'00"W. 6354'00"W. 6428'30"W. 6721'00"W. 6734'00"W. 6936'00"W. 7114'00"W. 7240'00"W. 7435'00"W. 7424'00"W. 7533'30"W. 7553'00"W. 7742'00"W. 7814'30"W. 7758'30"W. 7823'30"W. 7929'30"W. 7930'30"W.

112

Cape Hay Cape Graham Moore

7344'12"N. 7252'12"N. 7233'30"N. 7215'26"N. 7139'30"N. 7115'00"N. 7047'12"N. 7033'40"N. 7016'00"N. 6944'30"N. 6916'00"N. 6912'20"N. 6802'20"N. 6758'40"N. 6646'00"N. 6636'12"N.

8001'40"W. 7603'30"W. 7533'00"W. 7455'06"W. 7232'50"W. 7108'50"W. 6914'30"W. 6818'40"W. 6744'30"W. 6656'30"W. 6629'00"W. 6628'20"W. 6457'30"W. 6444'00"W. 6126'00"W. 6115'30"W.

Cape Bowen Cape Coutts

Cape Hunter Scott Inlet

Cape Eglinton Cape Christian

Cape Hewett Cape Raper

Henry Kater Peninsula Cape Henry Kater

Kangeeak Point Kangeeak Point

Cape Dyer Cape Dyer

TABLE C1.T39. CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE III, (Subsection 4(3)), Area 7 CANADIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CANADIAN ARCTIC ISLANDS AND MAINLAND SCHEDULE III, (Subsection 4(3)), Area 7 POINT LOCALITY LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST C.H.S. CHART AND EDITION 7605(1984) 7832(1981) 7832(1981) 7832(1981) 7832(1981)

1 2 3 4 5

Crescent Bank Rabbit Island Haswell Point Terror Island Unnamed Island

7013'05"N. 7236'50"N. 7240'24"N. 7250'30"N. 6637'20"N.

13031'05"W. 12509'30"W. 12506'50"W. 12513'00"W. 6116'00"W.

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MARITIME BOUNDARIES CANADA - FRANCE (ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON) The agreement and the comments following are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 57, "Canada St. Pierre and Miguelon Territorial Sea Boundary," 12 September 1974. Annex The line which determines the limit of the territorial waters of Canada and the zones submitted to the fishery jurisdiction of France extends northward and westward in a series of eight connected straight lines joining the following points: TABLE C1.T40. CANADA - FRANCE (ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON) MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DESCRIPTION Equidistant 12 nm from L'Enfant Perdu (France) and Lamaline Shag Rock (Canada). Latitude 4638'46"N., Longitude 5554'12"W. approximately. Equidistant from L'Enfant Perdu (France) and Lamaline Shag Rock and Otter Rock (Canada). Latitude 4641'56"N., Longitude 5558'57"W. approximately. Equidistant from L'Enfant Perdu (France) and Otter Rock and Enfant Perdu (Canada). Latitude 4648'10"N., Longitude 5558'57"W. approximately. The low water mark on the south-westernmost point on Enfant Perdu (Canada). Latitude 4651'20"N., Longitude 5605'30"W. approximately. The low water mark on the west point of the south-westernmost island of the Little Green Island group. Latitude 4651'36"N., Longitude 5605'58"W. approximately. The intersection of the French mid-channel line of 1907 with a line parallel to, and 3 miles distant from a line joining Green Island to Dantzig Point. Latitude 4655'52"N., Longitude 5607'47"W. approximately. The intersection of the French mid-channel line of 1907 with the median line, equidistant from Bout du Nordet (France) and Little Plate Island (Canada). Latitude 4706'02"N., Longitude 5606'18" W. approximately. Equidistant from Cap du Nid a l'Aigle (France) and Little Plate Island and the southwest Wolf Rock (Canada). Latitude 4718'19"N. Longitude 5615'18"W. approximately. The intersection of the French mid-channel line of 1907 with the outer limit of Canada's 12-mile territorial sea. Latitude 4721'54"N., Longitude 5629'40"W. approximately.

U.S. ANALYSIS The analysis of the Canada-St. Pierre and Miquelon territorial sea boundary utilized DMAHC Chart N.O. 14340, 20th Edition, November 1943, revised November 11, 1972, and Canadian Hydrographic Service Chart 405, compiled in 1971.... The territorial sea boundary extends for a distance of 54.34 nm, with an average distance between the turning points of 6.79 nm. The average water depth at the turning points is 60.6 fathoms, with depths ranging from 35 to 160 fathoms. Five of the territorial sea boundary turning points are equidistant from Canadian and French territory. Overall, the turning points are an average of 6.79 nm from Canadian territory and 7.62 nm from St.Pierre and Miquelon.

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TABLE C1.T41. CANADA - FRANCE (ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON) TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY: U.S. ANALYSIS DISTANCE BETWEEN BASEPOINTS (NM) 3.16 6.61 5.50

TSB POINT 1 2 3

DEPTH (FTHMS) 84 65 56

CANADA TERRITORY Lamaline Shag Rock Lamaline Shag Rock Otter Rock Otter Rock Enfant Perdu

DISTANCE LAND TO TSB POINT (NM) 12.00 9.30 5.50

ST.-PIERRE & MIQUELON TERRITORY L'Enfant Perdu L'Enfant Perdu L'Enfant Perdu

0.35

Enfant Perdu

(0) (3.25)

Petit Colombier (north of Gt. Colombier) Petit Colombier

4.40

Little Green Island Group North of Little Dantzic Cove Little Plate I. Big Plate I. South Wolf Rocks

(0) (3.18) (5.88) (5.22) 5.30 10.30

10.30

Pte du Cap (north of C. Perce) Bout du Nordet Cap du Nid a l'Aigle (C. Miquelon) Cap du Nid a l'Aigle (C. Miquelon)

7 8

13.68 10.34

35 85

160

Southwest Wolf Rocks

(12.85) (14.50)

The southern terminus of the territorial sea boundary, Point 1, is located 12 nm equidistant from L'Enfant Perdu (France) 4647'08"N., 5606'48"W.) and Lamaline Shag Rock (Canada) (4650'24"N., 5549'40"W.). Turning Point 2 is 9.30 nm equidistant from L'Enfant Perdu (France) and Lamaline Shag Rock and Otter Rock (4651'00"N., 5552'16"W.) (Canada). The distance between Point 1 and Point 2 is 3.16 nm. Point 3 is 6.61 nm from Point 2 and 6.61 nm equidistant from L'Enfant Perdu (France) and Otter Rock and Enfant Perdu (Canada). From Point 3 to Point 4 is a distance of 5.50 nm. Point 4 is not equidistant from French and Canadian territory; it is located at the lowwater mark off the southwest point of Enfant Perdu, a Canadian islet. Petit Colombier, a French islet immediately north of Great Colombier, is 3.25 nm from Point 4 and is the nearest French territory. Point 4 and 5 are separated by a distance of 0.35 nm. Point 5 is not equidistant from the two sovereignties, but is located at the lowwater mark on the west point of the south-westernmost island of the Little Green Island group, which is Canadian. Petit Colombier, 3.18 nm southwest of Point 5, is the closest French islet. The distance between Points 5 and 6 is 4.40 nm. Point 6 is not an equidistant site; it is located at the intersection of the French midchannel line of 1907 with a line parallel to, and 3 nm west of, a line joining Green Island and Dantzic Point, Newfoundland. The nearest Canadian territory to Point 6 is 5.88 nm at a location a little north of Little Dantzic Cove. The French islet of Petit du Cap, north of Cap Perce, is 5.22 nm from Point 6. Point 7 is 10.30 nm from Point 6, and is also 5.30 nm equidistant from Little Plate Island (Canada) and Bout du Nordet (4704'43"N., 5613'13"W.) (France). Point 7 also marks the intersection of the French mid-channel line of 1907 and the median line equidistant from the islands of Little Plate and Bout du Nordet. It is 13.68 nm between Points 7 and 8. According to the annex to the agreement, Point 8 is equidistant from Cap du Nid a l'Aigle (variant name is Cap Miquelon) (France) and Little Plate Island and the southwest Wolf Rocks (Canada). An analysis of the Canadian and U.S.

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hydrographic charts reveals that it is Big Plate Island and not Little Plate Island that is the location which is equidistant from Point 8 on the Canadian side. Further, it is the southernmost Wolf Rocks, and not the southwest Wolf Rocks, which is another site on the Canadian side equidistant from Point 8. Point 8 is 10.30 nm from both Canadian and French territory. The distance from Point 8 to Point 9 is 10.34 nm. Point 9 is not equidistant from French and Canadian territory; it is situated at the intersection of the French-mid-channel line of 1907 and the outer limit of Canada's 12nm territorial sea. The territorial sea is measured from the Canadian straight baseline which closes Hermitage Bay. Point 9 is 12.85 nm from southwest Wolf Rocks (Canada and 14.50nm from Cap du Nid a l'Aigle (Cap Miquelon) (France). Summary The territorial sea boundary between St.Pierre and Miquelon (France) and Newfoundland (Canada) utilizes both the equidistance principle and negotiated locations in delimiting the 54.34 nm boundary. Five of the turning points are equidistant locations, whereas the other four points represent negotiated positions. Islands were both considered and ignored as locational factors in the boundary delimitation.

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CAPE VERDE
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 87 Declaration upon Foreign warships must request prior Ratification of 1982 LOS permission to enter 12nm territorial sea. Convention This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1989 and 1990 and conducted operational assertion in 1991. Dec 92 Law No. 60/IV/92 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Dec 92 Law No. 60/IV/92 In 1977, Cape Verde proclaimed STRAIGHT BASELINES, & excessive baselines which were not HISTORIC CLAIMS recognized by the US. The U.S. protested claims in 1980 and 1989 and conducted operational assertions in 1989. The 1992 law modifies archipelagic baselines and revokes 1977 decree. US has not yet analyzed the Dec 92 coordinates, which are given below. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Dec 92 Law No. 60/IV/92 24nm To enforce customs, fiscal, health and immigration laws. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 92 Law No. 60/IV/92 200nm The continental shelf shall comprise the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond the territorial sea up to a distance of 200nm from the baselines referred to in article 24 of this Law. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Dec 92 Law No. 60/IV/92 200nm EEZ. Declaration upon accession of UNCLOS that non-peaceful uses of the EEZ, such as exercises with weapons are forbidden. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Nov 93 Treaty Maritime boundary agreement with Senegal EIF. Maritime boundary agreement with Mauritania approved, not yet EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration that the Convention recognizes the right of coastal States to adopt security measures relating to the innocent passage of foreign warships through territorial and archipelagic waters; and that non-peaceful uses of the EEZ, including exercises with weapons, are excluded therein. Aug 87 Ratified Convention. Reaffirmed original Declaration in its entirety. Dec 2003 Treaty

Jul 94 Signed Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are excerpts from Law No. 60/IV/92 of 21 December 1992. Article 24 The baseline from which the breadth of the archipelagic waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental platform are measured shall be made up of straight lines which join the outermost points of the islands and islets, determined by the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T42. CAPE VERDE ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM POINT A C C D E F F G H I J K L M N O P P1 Q R S T U V X Y=A D. Maria Pia Pta Pesquiero Pta Nho Martin 14 48 43.17 Pl a Camarim Pl a Preta Pl a Mangrade Pl a Portinha Pl a de Sol Pl a Sinagoga Pta Espechim Pta Norte Pta Casaca Ilheu Cascalho Ilheu Baluarte Pta do Roque Pta Flamengas Pl a da Peca Pl a Rainha Pl a Faja Pl Vermelharia LATITUDE NORTH 14 48 43.17 14 49 59.10 14 51 52.19 16 29 10.25 16 36 37.32 16 54 25.10 16 54 40.00 16 55 32.98 17 02 28.66 17 03 21.06 17 05 33.10 17 12 25.21 17 10 41.58 16 40 51.64 16 51 21.13 16 50 01.69 16 11 31.04 16 09 05.00 16 05 09.83 15 10 03.89 15 09 02.21 14 54 10.78 14 53 50.00 14 48 52.32 14 48 25.59 24 43 48.85 LONGITUDE WEST 24 43 48.85 24 45 33.11 24 45 09.19 24 19 55.87 24 36 13.93 25 18 11.00 25 18 32.00 25 19 10.76 25 21 51.67 25 21 54.44 25 20 29.91 25 05 56.15 25 01 38.24 24 20 38.79 22 55 40.74 22 53 50.14 22 40 52.44 22 39 45.00 22 40 26.05 23 05 47.90 23 06 24.98 23 29 36.09 23 30 54.50 24 22 43.30 24 42 34.92 OBSERV. I. Brava I. Brava I. Brava S. Nicolau Ilbeu Raso Santo Antao Santo Antao Santo Antao Santo Antao Santo Antao Santo Antao Santo Antao Santo Antao S. Nicolau Sal Sal I. Boavista I. Boavista I. Boavosta I. Maio I. Maio Santiago Santiago I. do Fogo I. Brava I. Brava

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MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT CAPE VERDE - SENEGAL The following are excerpts from the 17 February 1993 treaty on the delimitation of the maritime frontier between the Republic of Cape Verde and the Republic of Senegal (EIF 12 November 1993), as set forth in Law of the Sea Bulletin, No. 26 (October 1994). Article 3 The line defining the common maritime frontier between the two countries and its geographical coordinates defined in annex I of this Treaty. The two Parties have agreed to use, in their work, the American map entitled "Operational Navigation Chart", scale 1/1,000,000 series ONC, K-O, prepared and published by the Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center, St. Louis, Missouri, Edition Revue of September 1986. They have used this map for drawing the line delimiting their common maritime frontier. Annex I Line Establishing the Common Maritime Frontier between the Republic of Cape Verde and the Republic of Senegal Article 1 The line establishing the common maritime frontier which separates the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of the two countries is defined by the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T43. CAPE VERDE SENEGAL EEZ AND CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES POINT A B C D E F G H LONGITUDE NORTH 1339'00" 1451'00" 1455'00" 1510'00" 1525'00" 1540'00" 1555'00" 1604'00" LONGITUDE WEST 2004'25" 2004'25" 2000'00" 1951'30" 1944'50" 1938'30" 1935'40" 1933'30"

Annex II Baselines of the Republic of Cape Verde Article 1 The archipelagic baselines of the Republic of Cape Verde having served as reference points for the delimitation of the maritime frontier between the two countries have been defined in conformity with the following coordinates, which have been published in Law No. 60/IV/92 of 21 December 1992 of the Republic of Cape Verde. TABLE C1.T44. CAPE VERDE ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINES CAPE VERDE ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINES POINT O-Pta Casaca P-ILHEU Cascalho P1-ILHEU Baluarte LONGITUDE NORTH 1650'01.69" 1611'31.04" 1609'05.00" LONGITUDE WEST 2253'50.14" 2240'52.44" 2239'45.00" OBSERV. Sal Boa Vista Boa Vista

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CAPE VERDE ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINES POINT Q-Pta Roque R-Pta Flamengas SLONGITUDE NORTH 1605'09.83" 1510'03.89" 1509'02.21" LONGITUDE WEST 2240'27.06" 2305'47.90" 2306'24.98" OBSERV. Boa Vista Maio Maio

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CHILE
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Oct 86 Law No. 18.565 12nm In cases in which a State places restrictions on the right of innocent passage for foreign warships, Chile reserves the right to apply similar restrictive measures. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 77 Decree No. 416 Establishes straight baselines between STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 41and 55 S. latitude. See LIS Nos. 80 HISTORIC CLAIMS and 80 Addendum. Declaration upon Reaffirms Decree No. 416 of 1997. accession to 1982 LOS Convention _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Oct 86 Law No. 18.565 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 47 Presidential Declaration Claimed sovereignty over resources of continental shelf at whatever depth. Apr 53 Supreme resolution No. 179 Decree-Law No. 711 200nm Claimed "exclusive sovereignty over the land and subsoil corresponding to it." Governed research over shelf, seabed, and subsoil. 350nm in certain areas Claimed continental shelves for Easter Island and Sala y Gomez Island, extending 350nm from their respective baselines. Aug 97 Aug 97 Declaration upon accession to 1982 LOS Convention

Aug 75

Sep 85

Foreign Ministry Statement

This continental shelf claim, in excess of 200nm and not submitted to the Continental Shelf Commission, is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1986. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 47 Presidential Declaration Claimed sovereignty over "patrimonial seas" for all resource purposes. Oct 86 Sep 91 Law No. 18.565 200nm EEZ.

Fisheries Laws No. Mar presencial concept introduced. 19,079 and 19,080 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES 1881 Treaty Establishes legal regime for Strait of Magellan between Chile and Argentina, recognized internationally as an LOS Convention Art. 35(c) strait. Sept 54 Joint Declaration on the Maritime Zone Maritime boundary with Peru EIF. See LIS No. 86.

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CHILE STRAIGHT BASELINE COORDINATES POINT 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 Grupo Vorposten Islote Offshore Islotes Rugga Islote Rodado Islote Redondo (Cabo West Cliff) Rocas Scout Isla Conica Roca Santa Lucia Roca Galicia Islotes Evangelistas Islote Cabo Parker Isla Falgate Cabo Providencia Punta Havannah Punta San Jeronimo Punta Arauz Punta Zegers Punta Paulo Cabo Monmouth Cabo Valentin Punta Norte Bahia Lomas Punta Sur Bahia Lomas Punta Zig - Zag Islote Dos Hermanos Islote Theo Cabo Edgeworth Extremo norte Peninsula Ulloa Pta. Casper Isla Pritchard Cabo Monday Isla Centinela Islote Noreste Punta Felix Cabo Pilar Cabo Deseado FEATURE NAME LATITUDE SOUTH 4922.3' 4927.8' 5006.0' 5021.7' 5040.0' 5050.5' 5110.7' 5137.0' 5203.4' 5223.6' 5242.8' 5255.3' 5300.5' 5309.8' 5332.0' 5332.2' 5255.1' 5258.3' 5322.0' 5334.5' 5346.8' 5349.7' 5403.7' 5358.2' 5350.8' 5347.7' 5331.6' 5318.8' 5314.4' 5310.6' 5305.3' 5256.5' 5243.6' 5244.7' LONGITUDE WEST 7541.4' 7540.4' 7530.5' 7531.5' 7531.2' 7528.8' 7515.5' 75.21.0' 7509.0' 7505.6' 7411.2' 7349.9' 7334.8' 7318.8' 7223.3' 7221.4' 7017.7' 7019.3' 7026.6' 7032.2' 7042.3' 7046.4' 7052.8' 7124.0' 7153.0' 7208.6' 7239.8' 7310.6' 7318.8' 7323.9' 7335.2' 7407.1' 7440.3' 7443.0'

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CHILE STRAIGHT BASELINE COORDINATES POINT 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding the Chilean straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 80, "Straight Baselines: Chile," 15 November 1978. The straight baseline system, as enumerated above, does not constitute a single, continuous system.... From point 1, situated in the north at approximately latitude 4128'S., one system extends southward to point 35 near the western exit of the Strait of Magellan. Segment 36-37 connects the Isla Riesco with the Brunswick Peninsula. The effect of these two segments, 1-35 and 36-37, is to enclose as internal waters of Chile the fjords, embayments, and channels between the islands and the mainland north of the Strait of Magellan. A second major section of the straight baseline system connects the islands south of the Strait of Magellan with the Chilean mainland, comprised of the large island of Tierra del Fuego. (Sovereignty over Tierra del Fuego, of course, is divided between Chile and Argentina.) Segment 38-39 encloses the juridical bay of Gente Grande on the south shore of the Strait of Magellan. Segment 40-41 connects the western cape of Chilean Tierra del Fuego with Isla Dawson, while Segment 42-43 encloses a juridical bay on the island. Segments 44-45, 45-46, and 46-47 follow the general direction of the southern shore of the Strait of Magellan connecting the major islands of Dawson, Aracena, Clarence, and Santa Ines. The remainder of the straight baseline system, extending continuously from points 48 through 75, serves to enclose the islands south of the Strait of Magellan in the west and the Beagle Channel in the east. As noted in the list of coordinates, point 75 is the terminal point of the boundary determined by the Beagle Channel award.... Roca 88 Cabo Inman Cabo Gloucester (Isla Carlos) Isla Tower Punta English Rocas Phillips Isla Sea Rocas Cabrestante Isla Hope Islas Ildefonso Falso Cabo de Hornos Isla Hermite Punta S.W. Cabo Spencer (Isla Hermite) Cabo de Hornos Rocas Deceit Islas Barnevelt Islas Evout Punta Oriental (Isla Nueva) Islote Chico (Isla Nueva) Point XX, the eastern limit of the 1977 Arbitral Award FEATURE NAME LATITUDE SOUTH 5250.1' 5318.5' 5404.0' 5437.8' 5443.5' 5511.5' 5513.7' 5521.6' 5529.0' 5544.7' 5543.5' 5551.8' 5554.7' 5558.8' 5556.5' 5549.5' 5533.9' 5513.0' 5511.4' 5507.3' LONGITUDE WEST 7444.0' 7419.2' 7328.0' 7305.0' 7204.2' 7058.6' 7032.8' 7010.7' 6939.5' 6925.0' 6803.7' 6751.0' 6737.5' 6716.0' 6700.5' 6648.2' 6646.5' 6625.4' 6625.7' 6625.0'

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The southern portion of Chile, south of 41 S. latitude, has the classical geographic configuration required by international law for the development of a straight baseline system. The coastline is deeply indented with fjord-like embayments, and the mainland is virtually masked in its entirety by thousands of major and minor islands and rocks. The system appears to include all Chilean coastal islands. Moreover, it has been deliberately constructed so as to exclude the Strait of Magellan from within the system of internal waters. The strait is the subject of an international treaty (July 23, 1881) which guarantees free navigation through its waters. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT CHILE-PERU U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding an agreement between the governments of Chile, Ecuador and Peru, proclaimed on 18 August 1952, are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 86, "Maritime Boundary: Chile-Peru," 2 July 1979. Although according to the 1952 declaration the maritime zone of each state is to be bounded by the specific parallel of latitude on which the seaward terminus of the land territory is situated, the agreed-upon parallel of latitude is actually located slightly to the north of the land boundary terminus. The maritime boundary extends along the 18 23'03" parallel of South latitude, which coincides with the parallel of latitude on which the Peru-Chile land boundary marker No. 1 has been placed. Marker No. 1 lies a short distance to the northeast of the Chile-Peru coastal boundary point. The seaward limit of the maritime boundary is not clearly defined in the declaration. [On the map attached to this LIS] the maritime boundary is depicted as extending 200 nm from each coast. Owing to coastal configurations, the Peruvian segment of the boundary extends farther seaward than the Chilean segment. Point C on the map is situated 200 nm from Chile (i.e., from the land boundary terminus that is the nearest point on the Chilean coast); however, this point is approximately 120 nm from the nearest point on Per's coast. The point on this parallel of latitude 200 nm from Peru (i.e., from Pta. San Juan) is not reached until point P; this point is more than 360 nm from the land boundary terminus. The maritime boundary traverses rather deep water; depths reach 2,500-3,000 fathoms (1500-1800 feet). Areas of less than 100 fathoms are virtually non-existent along this portion of the South American coast.

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CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF

Jan 98

Reaffirms prior permission requirement. Foreign nuclear-powered vessels, vessels carrying nuclear or dangerous or noxious substances also require prior permission for innocent passage.

The priors permission requirement of 1992, 1996 and 1998 is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1992 and 1996 and conducted operational assertions in 1986, 1991, 1992, 1996 and 1997. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Sep 58 Declaration on the Established straight baselines, but no STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Territorial Sea coordinates or geographic points HISTORIC CLAIMS published. Gulf of Bo Hai (Pohai) and Hainan Strait claimed as internal waters. Feb 92 Law on the Territorial Sea & Contiguous Zone Declaration on the Baselines of the Territorial Sea Enabling legislation for straight baselines.

May 96

Established straight baselines for most of the Chinese coastline and the Paracel Islands. (Baseline drawing available on UN website; see Foreward for website information.) Vietnam also claims the Paracel Islands, and protested this and other Chinese claims to the UN in June 1996.

These straight baseline claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1996 and conducted operational assertion in 1997. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Feb 92 Law on the Territorial Sea 24 nm Claims sovereignty over islands in the & Contiguous Zone zone. Claims right to exercise control in contiguous zone to prevent and impose penalties for activities infringing the laws or regulations concerning security. This security claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1992.

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The PRC does not distinguish between MSR and military surveys and has interfered with and protested U.S. military survey activities in its EEZ. The U.S. has protested this claim numerous times since this law was passed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Aug 82 Marine Environmental REGULATION Protection Law Dec 83 Regulations on the Control over the Prevention of Pollution by Vessels in Sea Waters Regulations on the Control over Dumping Wastes into the Sea Waters Regulates oil, oil mixtures, wastes and other harmful and poisonous mixtures pollution.

Mar 85

Controls dumping in territorial sea, onto continental shelf, and other sea areas under Chinese jurisdiction. Does not include wastes created from the normal operation of a vessel. Requires prior notification of shipping wastes through Chinese sea areas.

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Ratified Convention, with Declarations reaffirming prior permission for foreign warships to enter the territorial sea and 24nm security zone. Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LEGISLATION Following are extracts from the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, approved and effective on 21 January 1998. Article 1 This Law is enacted by the People's Republic of China to exercise its sovereignty over its territorial sea and the control over its contiguous zone, and to safeguard its national security and its maritime rights and interests. Matters not covered by this law shall be governed by the provision of other related laws. Article 2 The sovereignty of the Republic of China extends to its territorial sea, the air space over its territorial sea, its seabed and its subsoil. Article 3 The territorial sea of the People's Republic of China shall be the sea area between the baseline and the outer limits measuring outwardly twelve nautical miles from the base line. Article 4 The delimitation of the baseline of the territorial sea of the Republic of China shall be determined by a combination of straight baseline in principle and normal baseline as exception. Article 5 The baseline and the outer limits of the territorial sea of the Republic of China shall be decided by the Executive Yuan and may be promulgated in parts. Article 6 In the event that the territorial sea of the Republic of China overlaps with the territorial sea of adjacent or opposite countries, the delimitation shall be the equidistant median line. Where there is an agreement, such agreement shall govern. The equidistant median line prescribed in the preceding paragraph is a line on which every point is equidistant from the nearest points on the baseline of the Republic of China and the adjacent or opposite countries.

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Article 7 Foreign civil vessels may, under the reciprocity principle, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial seas of the Republic of China as long as the passage is not prejudicial to the peace, good order and security of the Republic of China. Passage shall be continuous and expeditious and be in accordance with this law and other international regulations. An innocent continuous and expeditious passage, complying with this law and other international regulations as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, may include stopping and anchoring under necessity, provided the same are incidental to ordinary navigation or are rendered necessary by force majeure or distress or for the purpose of rendering assistance to persons, vessels or aircraft in danger or distress. Foreign military or government vessels shall give prior notice to the authorities concerned before their passage through the territorial sea of the Republic of China. While passing through the territorial sea of the Republic of China, foreign submarines and other underwater vessels are required to navigate on the surface and to display their flags. Regulations governing innocent passage of foreign vessels shall be decided by the Executive Yuan. Article 8 A foreign vessel is not in innocent passage through the territorial sea of the Republic of China if it engages in any of the following activities: 1. Any threat or use of force against the sovereignty or territorial integrity of the Republic of China; 2. Any exercise or practice with any kind of weapon; 3. Any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the defense or security of the Republic of China; 4. Any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the defense or security of the Republic of China; 5. The launching or landing of any aircraft or taking on board of any navigation equipment; 6. The launching, landing, or taking on board of any military aircraft. 7. The loading or unloading of any commodity, currency, or person contrary to the customs, fiscal, trade, inspection, immigrations, sanitary or environmental protection laws and regulations of the Republic of China; 8. Any act of serious pollution; 9. Any activity concerning catching living beings; 10. The activity of research or survey; 11. Any act aimed at interfering with any system of communications or any other facilities or installations of the Republic of China; and 12. Any other activity not having a direct bearing on innocent passage. Article 9 Foreign nuclear-powered vessels and vessels carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances shall, when exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea of the Republic of China, carry documents authorized in accordance with international agreements and such vessels shall be permitted and monitored by the Government of the Republic of China. The Executive Yuan shall decide the permission and monitoring regulations. Article 10 For protecting national security and national interests, the Government of the Republic of China may suspend temporarily in specified areas of its territorial seas the innocent passage of foreign vessels. The Executive Yuan shall promulgate the specified areas and the duration of suspension of innocent passage as prescribed in the preceding paragraph. Article 11 The Government of the Republic of China may adopt laws and regulations relating to innocent passage through its territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the following: 1. The maintenance of navigation safety and the regulation of maritime traffic; 2. The protection of navigational aids and facilities and other installations or facilities; 3. The protection of cables and pipelines; 4. The conservation of living marine resources; 5. The prevention and punishment of infringement of the fisheries laws and regulations of the Republic of China; 6. The preservation of the environment of the Republic of China and the prevention, reduction and control of any possible pollution thereof; 7. The prevention and punishment of any marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys undertaken without prior permission; 8. The prevention and punishment of infringement of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitation laws and regulations of the Republic of China; and 9. The prevention and punishment of other activities without direct bearing on innocent passage.

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The laws and regulations relating to innocent passage in the territorial sea prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be duly promulgated by the Executive Yuan. Article 12 The Government of the Peoples Republic of China may, for the purposes of safety of navigation, prevention of destroying on the sea and under the sea installations or marine resources as well as the prevention of marine environment pollution, require the foreign vessels exercising the right of innocent passage through its territorial sea to observe designated sea lanes or traffic separation schemes. The designated sea lanes or traffic separation schemes prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be established and duly promulgated by the Executive Yuan. Article 13 In the part of the Taiwan Straits not part of the territorial sea of the Republic of China used for international navigation, the Government of the Republic of China may enact laws and regulations relating to transit passage of foreign vessels and aircraft, in respect of all or any of the following: 1. The maintenance of navigation safety and the regulation of maritime traffic; 2. The prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the environment; 3. The prohibition of fishing; 4. The prevention and punishment of loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person in contravention of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the Republic of China. The laws and regulations relating to transit passage prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be established and duly promulgated by the Executive Yuan. Article 14 The Government of the Republic of China may enact laws and regulations in the contiguous zone for the following purposes: 1. To prevent infringement of customs, fiscal, trade, inspection, immigration, sanitation or environmental protection laws and regulations within the territory or territorial sea, and unauthorized broadcasting; and 2. To punish infringement of customs, fiscal, trade, inspection, immigration, sanitation or environmental protection laws and regulations within the territory or territorial sea, and unauthorized broadcasting. The laws and regulations prescribed in the aforementioned two paragraphs shall be promulgated by the Executive Yuan. Article 15 All objects of a historical nature or relics found in the territorial sea and the contiguous zone of the Republic of China, while undertaking archaeological and scientific research or other activities, shall belong to the Republic of China and be administered by the Government in accordance with related laws and regulations. Article 16 If the authorities of the national defense, policy, customs or other authorized agencies of the Republic of China consider that person or any object which is in the territorial sea of the Republic of China or the contiguous zone is engaged in any activity violating laws and regulations of the Republic of China, such authorities may engage in hot pursuit, boarding, inspection, and when necessary, detaining, arresting, or putting in custody such person or objects. The authorities prescribed in the preceding paragraph may replace each other consecutively if undertaking hot pursuit, boarding, and inspection. Article 17 This law shall enter in force on the date of promulgation. Following are extracts from the Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Baseline of the Territorial Sea of 15 May 1996. In accordance with the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone adopted and promulgated on 25 February 1992, the Government of the Peoples Republic of China hereby announces the baselines of part of its territorial sea adjacent to the mainland and those of its territorial sea adjacent to its Xisha [Paracel] Islands as follows: I. The baselines of part of the territorial sea adjacent to the mainland are composed of all the straight lines joining the adjacent base points listed below:

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TABLE C1.T46. CHINA STRAIGHT BASELINES: MAINLAND AND HAINAN ISLAND CHINA STRAIGHT BASELINES: MAINLAND AND HAINAN ISLAND POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 NAME OF POINT Shandonggaojiao (1) Shandonggaojiao (2) Moyedao (1) Moyedao (2) Moyedao (3) Sushandao Chaoliandao Dashandao Macaiheng Waikejiao Sheshandao Haijiao Dongnanjiao Liangxiongdiyu Yushanliedao Taizhouliedao (1) Taizhouliedao (2) Daotiaoshan Dongyindao Dongshadao Niushandao Wiqiuyu Dongdingdao Daganshan Nanpengliedao (1) Nanpengliedao (2) Shibeishanjiao Zhentouyan Jiapengliedao Weijiadao Dafanshi Qizhouliedao LATITUDE NORTH 37 24.0' 37 23.7' 36 57.8' 36 55.1' 36 53.7' 36 44.8' 35 53.6' 35 00.2' 33 21.8' 33 00.9' 31 25.3' 30 44.1' 30 43.5' 30 10.1' 28 53.3' 28 23.9' 28 23.5' 27 27.9' 26 22.6' 26 09.4' 25 25.8' 24 58.6' 24 09.7' 23 31.9' 23 12.9' 23 12.3' 22 56.1' 22 18.9' 21 48.5' 21 34.1' 21 27.7' 19 58.5' LONGITUDE EAST 122 42.3' 122 43.3' 122 34.2' 122 32.7' 122 31.1' 122 15.8' 120 53.1' 119 54.2' 121 20.8' 121 38.4' 122 14.6' 123 09.6' 123 09.7' 122 56.7' 122 16.5' 121 55.0' 121 54.7' 121 07.8' 120 30.4' 120 24.3' 119 56.3' 119 28.7' 118 14.2' 117 41.3' 117 14.9' 117 13.9' 116 29.7' 115 07.5' 113 58.0' 112 47.9' 112 21.5' 111 16.4'

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CHINA STRAIGHT BASELINES: MAINLAND AND HAINAN ISLAND POINT 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 NAME OF POINT Shuangfan Dazhoudao (1) Dazhoudao (2) Shuangfanshi Lingshuijiao Dongzhou (1) Dongzhou (2) Jinmujiao Shenshijiao Xigudao Yinggezui (1) Yinggezui (2) Yinggezui (3) Yinggezui (4) Ganenjiao Sigengshajiao Junbijiao LATITUDE NORTH 19 53.0' 18 39.7' 18 39.4' 18 26.1' 18 23.0' 18 11.0' 18 11.0' 18 09.5' 18 14.6' 18 19.3' 18 30.2' 18 30.4' 18 31.0' 18 31.1' 18 50.5' 19 11.6' 19 21.1' LONGITUDE EAST 111 12.8' 110 29.6' 110 29.1' 110 08.4' 110 03.0' 109 42.1' 109 41.8' 109 34.4' 109 07.6' 108 57.1' 108 41.3' 108 41.1' 108 40.6' 108 40.5' 108 37.3' 108 36.0' 108 38.6'

II. The baselines of the territorial sea adjacent to the Xisha [Paracel] Islands of the Peoples Republic of China are composed of all the straight lines joining the adjacent base points listed below: TABLE C1.T47. CHINA STRAIGHT BASELINES: XISHA (PARACEL) ISLANDS CHINA STRAIGHT BASELINES: XISHA (PARACEL) ISLAND POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 NAME OF POINT Dongdao (1) Dongdao (2) Dongdao (3) Langhuajiao (1) Langhuajiao (2) Langhuajiao (3) Langhuajiao (4) Zhongjiandao (1) Zhongjiandao (2) Zhongjiandao (3) Zhongjiandao (4) LATITUDE NORTH 16 40.5' 16 40.1' 16 39.8' 16 04.4' 16 01.9' 16 01.5' 16 01.0' 15 46.5' 15 46.4' 15 46.4' 15 46.5' LONGITUDE EAST 112 44.2' 112 44.5' 112 44.7' 112 35.8' 112 32.7' 112 31.8' 112 29.8' 111 12.6' 111 12.1' 111 11.8' 111 11.6'

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CHINA STRAIGHT BASELINES: XISHA (PARACEL) ISLAND POINT 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 NAME OF POINT Zhongjiandao (5) Zhongjiandao (6) Zhongjiandao (7) Beijiao (1) Beijiao (2) Beijiao (3) Beijiao (4) Beijiao (5) Beijiao (6) Beijiao (7) Beijiao (8) Zhaoshudao (1) Zhaoshudao (2) Zhaoshudao (3) Beidao Zhongdao Nandao Dongdao (1) LATITUDE NORTH 15 46.7' 15 46.9' 15 47.2' 17 04.9' 17 05.4' 17 05.7' 17 06.0' 17 06.5' 17 07.0' 17 07.1' 17 06.9' 16 59.9' 16 59.7' 16 59.4' 16 58.4' 16 57.6' 16 56.9' 16 40.5' LONGITUDE EAST 111 11.4' 111 11.3' 111 11.4' 111 26.9' 111 26.9' 111 27.2' 111 27.8' 111 29.2' 111 31.0' 111 31.6' 111 32.0' 112 14.7' 112 15.6' 112 16.6' 112 18.3' 112 19.6' 112 20.5' 112 44.2'

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COLOMBIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 78 Law No. 10 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 78 Law No. 10 General language for application for STRAIGHT BASELINES, & straight baseline system and closing lines HISTORIC CLAIMS for bays, gulfs and rivers. Jun 84 Decree No. 1436 Established straight baselines. (See LIS No. 103.)

This baseline claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1988 and conducted operational assertions in 1988 and 1996. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 78 Law No. 10 200nm Established claim over continental shelf throughout same area as EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 78 Law No. 10 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Aug 78 Law No. 10 200nm "Preservation of marine environment"; REGULATION exclusive jurisdiction to preserve environment claimed within EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 75 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Ecuador EIF. See LIS No. 69. Mar 77 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Costa Rica (in the Caribbean Sea) signed. See LIS No. 84. Maritime boundary agreement with Panama (in the Caribbean and Pacific) EIF. See LIS No. 79. Maritime boundary with Dominican Republic EIF. See LIS No. 105. Maritime boundary with Haiti EIF. Maritime boundary with Costa Rica (Pacific) signed. Maritime boundary with Honduras EIF.

Nov 77

Agreement

Feb 79

Agreement

Feb 79 Apr 84

Agreement Agreement

Aug 86

Agreement

Mar 94 Agreement Maritime boundary with Jamaica EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention; never ratified. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINES LEGISLATION Following are extracts from Decree No. 1436 of the President of the Republic of Colombia of 13 June 1984. Article 1 The breadth of the territorial sea shall be measured from the normal baseline, as established by Article 4 of Law 10 of 1978, and from the straight baselines indicated below. Names for the geographic end points have been taken from U.S. Defense Mapping Agency -

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Hydrographic/Topographic Center nautical charts No. 21033 scale 1:1,000,000 and No. 24036, scale 1:956,170, for the Colombian coasts on the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea, respectively: TABLE C1.T48. COLOMBIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC COAST COLOMBIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC COAST POINT 1 2 3 4 5 7 9 LATITUDE NORTH 0712'39.3" (Colombia-Panama Boundary) 0647'07" (Octavia Rocks) 0611'35" 0529'15" (Cape Corrientes) 0412'30" (Cacahual Island-SW) 0256'23" (Gongonilla Island) 0211'00" (San Ignacio Bay-Patia River Delta) LONGITUDE WEST 7753'20.9" 7741'30" 7729'37" 7732'53" 7731'45" 7813'17" 7841'07" POINT 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 LATITUDE NORTH 0647'07" (Octavia Rocks) 0611'35" 0529'15" (Cape Corrientes) 0412'30" (Cacahual Island-SW) 0300'23" (Coll-Gorgona Point) 0235'35" ** 0137'18" (Cape Manglares) LONGITUDE WEST 7741'30" 7729'37" 7732'53" 7731'45" 7810'00" 7826'04" 7902'36"

** Point 8 reads 33 in the written law, but is shown as 35 on a map filed with the UN. The coordinate given on the map has been used above, in the assumption that it is more likely to be accurate TABLE C1.T49. COLOMBIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ATLANTIC COAST COLOMBIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ATLANTIC COAST POINT 1 3 5 6 LATITUDE NORTH 1151'07.41" (Castilletes) 1226'10" 1213'08" (Farallon Island) 1120'18" (Cape Aguja) 1106'50" (Tajamar Bocas de Ceniza) 1048'12" (Garita Point) 1044'45" (Arena Island) 1033'30" (Canoas Point-South) LONGITUDE WEST 7119'23" 7143'45" 7210'50" 7412'47" POINT 2 4 6 7 LATITUDE NORTH 1200'25" 1214'50" (Pilon de Azucar) 1120'18" (Cape Aguja) 1106'53" (Tajamar Bocas De Ceniza) 1048'12" (Garita Point) 1044'45" (Arena Island) 1034'35" (Canoas Point-North) 1010'10" (Rosario IslandsLONGITUDE WEST 7108'20" 7208'00" 7412'47" 7450'38"

8 9 10 12

7451'05" 7515'42" 7521'10" 7530'52"

9 10 11 13

7515'42" 7521'10" 7530'28" 7548'10"

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COLOMBIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ATLANTIC COAST POINT LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST POINT LATITUDE NORTH Occidental Rock) 13 14 1010'10" (Rosario Islands-Occidental Rock) 0923'42" (Fuerte Island) 7548'10" 7611'23" 14 15 0923'42" (Fuerte Island) 0841'07.3" (Cape Tiburon) 7611'23" 7721'50.9" LONGITUDE WEST

Article 2 The waters enclosed by the straight baselines established in the preceding article shall be considered internal waters and thus the State shall have the right to exercise absolute sovereignty over them in accordance with the rules accepted by international law. Article 3 This decree shall become effective from the date of its issuance. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS COLOMBIA - COSTA RICA The following comments regarding an agreement between the Governments of Colombia and Costa Rica regarding the maritime boundary in the Caribbean Sea, signed in March 1977, were extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 84, "Maritime Boundary: ColombiaCosta Rica," 15 February 1979. U.S. ANALYSIS The boundary commences in the east at the intersection of a line drawn at 225 azimuth (true) from 1100'00"N., 8115'00"W., with the 1049'00"N. parallel. The approximate coordinates of this point calculate to be 1049'00"N., 8126'15"W., and are shown as point A. The boundary continues along this parallel of latitude until the intersecting the meridian of 8214'00"W. longitude; turning point B thus has the coordinates 1049'00"N., 8214'00"W. From point B, the boundary follows the 8214'00"W. meridian due north to "where delimitation must be made with a third State" (i.e., Nicaragua). The distance of the known boundary (A-B) is 46.99 nm. Although it is impossible to determine precisely the northwest terminus of the Colombia-Costa Rica boundary, the boundary probably would extend at least to 11N. before the Colombia-Nicaragua or Costa RicaNicaragua maritime boundary would be encountered. No boundary delimitation principles have been specified in the treaty. The delimitation appears to have been negotiated on the basis of equitable principles established by agreement between the two states.... TABLE C1.T50. COLOMBIA COSTA RICA MARITIME BOUNDARY: CARIBBEAN SEA COLOMBIA COSTA RICA MARITIME BOUNDARY: CARIBBEAN SEA Boundary Point A Nearest Land Territory Colombia-Cayos de Albuquerque Costa Rica-Punta Mona Panama-Wreck Rock B Colombia-Cayos de Albuquerque Costa Rica-Isla Uvita 1100'00"N 8214'00"W Colombia-Cayos de Albuquerque Dist. to Boundary Pt. (nm) 83.14 99.29 95.65 85.62 67.15 72.12

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COLOMBIA COSTA RICA MARITIME BOUNDARY: CARIBBEAN SEA Boundary Point Nearest Land Territory Costa Rica-Isla Uvita Nicaragua-Blowing Rock Dist. to Boundary Pt. (nm) 75.49 78.02

Following is an excerpt from the Treaty between Colombia and Costa Rica regarding the maritime boundary in the Pacific, signed 6 April 1984 (Additional to the Treaty signed in March 1977). Article 1 The boundary between their respective marine and submarine areas in the Pacific Ocean shall consist of a straight line drawn from a point located at latitude 05 00 00 north and longitude 84 19 00 west of Greenwich, which is the end of the maritime boundary between Costa Rica and Panama, southward towards another point located at latitude 03 32 00 north and longitude 84 19 00 west of Greenwich. From the latter point, the boundary shall continue along the boundary of the 200-mile marine area of Isla de Coco to a point at latitude 03 03 00 north and longitude 84 46 00 west of Greenwich COLOMBIA - DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Following are excerpts from the Agreement on the Delimitation of Marine and Submarine Areas and Maritime Cooperation between Colombia and the Dominican Republic which entered into force on February 1979. Article 1 The boundary between the marine and submarine areas belonging to each country shall be determined by using, as a general rule, the principle of the median line whose points are all equidistant from the nearest points of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured. Article 2 In accordance with the procedure established in the preceding article, the boundary shall be constituted by a line drawn from a point whose geographical position is at latitude 15 02 00 N and longitude 73 27 30 W through a point at latitude 15 00 40 N and longitude 71 40 30 W towards another point at latitude 15 18 00 N and longitude 69 29 30 W as far as the point where delimitation with a third State is required. COLOMBIA - ECUADOR Following are excerpts from the Agreement concerning Delimitation of Marine and Submarine Areas and Maritime Cooperation between the Republics of Colombia and Ecuador signed 23 August 1975. The U.S. Analysis following Articles 1 and 2 of the agreement was extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 69, "Maritime Boundary: Colombia-Ecuador," 1 April 1976.

Article 1 To designate the line of the geographical parallel traversing the point at which the international land frontier between Ecuador and Colombia reaches the sea as the boundary between their respective marine and submarine areas, which have been established or may be established in the future. Article 2 To establish, beyond the twelve-mile limit from the coast, a special zone, ten miles wide, on either side of the parallel forming the sea boundary between the two countries, to ensure that the fortuitous presence of small private fishing craft from either country in the aforesaid zone is not considered a violation of the maritime frontier. This does not imply recognition of any right to engage in fishing or hunting in the special zone. U.S. ANALYSIS The boundary begins at the sea terminus of the Colombia-Ecuador land boundary..., which is situated approximately 1 27' 24" N, 78 57' 12" W. The maritime boundary extends 200 nautical miles seaward along the 1 27' 24" N parallel.

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COLOMBIA - HAITI Following are excerpts from the Agreement on Delimitation of the Maritime Boundaries between Colombia and Haiti which entered into force on February 1979. Article 1 The boundary between the marine and submarine areas of the Republic of Colombia and the exclusive maritime economic zone and continental shelf of the Republic of Haiti shall be determined by a median line whose points are equidistant from the nearest points of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured. Article 2 In accordance with the procedure established in article 1, the boundary shall be constituted by a straight line joining the following points: TABLE C1.T51. COLOMBIA - HAITI MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 LATITUDE NORTH 14 44 10 15 02 00 LONGITUDE WEST 74 30 50 73 27 30

COLOMBIA - HONDURAS Following are excerpts from the Maritime Delimitation Treaty between Colombia and Honduras which entered into force on 2 August 1986. Article 1 The marine frontier between the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Honduras is constituted by geodetic lines that connect the points located in the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T52. COLOMBIA - HONDURAS MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 LATITUDE NORTH 14 59 08 14 59 08 15 30 10 15 46 00 15 58 40 16 04 15 LONGITUDE WEST 82 00 00 79 56 00 79 56 00 80 03 55 79 56 40 79 50 32

Between points 4 an 5, the marine frontier shall be constituted by a circular line, the radius of which shall be measured from a point located in coordinates 15 47 50 N and 79 51 20 W. From point 6, the marine frontier shall continue towards the east by parallel 16 04 15 N up to the point where a delimitation must be made with a third State. COLOMBIA - JAMAICA The following is an excerpt from the 12 November 1993 maritime delimitation treaty between Jamaica and Colombia (EIF March 1994) as set forth in Law of the Sea Bulletin, No. 26 of October 1994. Article 1 The maritime boundary between Jamaica and the Republic of Colombia is constituted by geodesic lines drawn between the following points:

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TABLE C1.T53. COLOMBIA - JAMAICA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 LATITUDE NORTH 1429'37" 1415'00" 1405'00" 1444'10 LONGITUDE WEST 7838'00" 7819'30" 7740'00 7430'50"

5. From point 4, the delimitation line proceeds by a geodesic line in the direction to another point with coordinates 15=02'00"N, 73=27'30"W, as for as the delimitation line between Colombia and Haiti is intercepted by the delimitation line to be decided between Jamaica and Haiti. COLOMBIA - PANAMA Following are excerpts from an agreement between the Governments of the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Panama delimiting maritime boundaries in the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean, signed 20 November 1976 and entered into force 30 November 1977 as set forth in Limits in the Seas, No. 79, "Maritime Boundaries: Colombia-Panama," 3 November 1978. A. In the Caribbean Sea: 1. The median line all points on which are equidistant from the closest points on the base lines from which the width of each nation's territorial sea is measured, from the point at which the international land boundary touches the sea at Cab Tiburon (841'7.3" north latitude and 7721'50.9" west longitude) to the point situated at 1230'00" north latitude and 7800'00" west longitude. In accordance with the principle of equidistance agreed upon herein, with the exception of some minor deviations that have been approved to simplify the route, the median line in the Caribbean Sea is comprised of straight lines drawn between the following points: TABLE C1.T54. COLOMBIA - PANAMA TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY: CARIBBEAN SEA POINT A B C D E F G H LATITUDE NORTH 8 41 7.3 9 09 00 9 27 00 10 28 00 11 27 00 12 00 00 12 19 00 12 30 00 LONGITUDE WEST 77 21 50.9 77 13 00 77 03 00 77 15 00 77 34 00 77 43 00 77 49 00 78 00 00

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TABLE C1.T55. COLOMBIA - PANAMA EEZ BOUNDARY: CARIBBEAN SEA POINT H I J K L M B. In the Pacific: 1. The median line all [sic] points on which are equidistant from the closest points on the baselines from which the width of each nation's territorial sea is measured, from the point at which the international land boundary touches the sea at 712'39.3" north and 7753'20.9" west longitude to the point situated at 500'00" north latitude and 7952'00" west longitude. In accordance with the principle of equidistance agreed upon herein, with the exception of some minor deviations that have been approved to simplify the route, the median line in the Pacific Ocean is comprised of straight lines drawn between the following points: TABLE C1.T56. COLOMBIA - PANAMA BOUNDARY: PACIFIC POINT A B C D E F LATITUDE NORTH 7 12 39.3 6 44 00 6 28 00 6 16 00 6 00 00 5 00 00 LONGITUDE WEST 77 53 20.9 78 18 00 78 47 00 79 03 00 79 14 00 79 52 00 LATITUDE NORTH 12 30 00 12 30 00 11 50 00 11 50 00 11 00 00 11 00 00 LONGITUDE WEST 78 00 00 79 00 00 79 00 00 80 00 00 80 00 00 81 15 00

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COMOROS
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA May 82 Law No. 82-005 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, May 82 Law No. 82-005 Claimed archipelagic status; baselines not STRAIGHT BASELINES, & specified. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 82 Law No. 82-005 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 84 Signed Convention. Jun 94 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE (Formerly Zaire)

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CONGO, REPUBLIC OF THE

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COSTA RICA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 72 Decree No. 2303 12nm Applied also to Coco Island; innocent passage preserved. Jun 75 Decree No. 5699 12nm Amended Article 6 of Constitution to establish 12nm territorial sea.

Amends boundaries of territorial sea by redrawing straight baseline between the tip of the Nicoya Peninsula and the top of the Osa Peninsula. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Nov 88 Decree Law No. 18581Established straight baselines along its STRAIGHT BASELINES, & RE Pacific Ocean coastline. HISTORIC CLAIMS This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1989. See LIS No. 111. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 75 Decree No. 5699 200nm Claimed complete and exclusive sovereignty over soil and subsoil. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 75 Decree No. 5699 200nm EEZ. Aug 78 Law 6267 Law requiring foreign fishing vessels transiting EEZ to provide notification. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1979. May 91 Exec. Decree 20404-PMOPT Permit required for foreign flag fishing to transit Costa Rican waters.

Nov 88

Decree Law No. 18581RE

12nm

This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1992. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Mar 77 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Colombia (Caribbean Sea) signed. See LIS No. 84. Feb 82 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Panama (Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean) EIF. See LIS No. 97. Maritime boundary agreement with Colombia (Pacific) signed.

Apr 84

Agreement /Law No. 8084

Maritime boundary agreement with Ecuador signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration relating to fishing for highly migratory species in the EEZ. Sep 92 Sep 2001 Ratified Convention. Bound by Part XI Agreement.

Mar 85

Agreement

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the Republic of Costa Rica's Decree Law No. 18581-RE concerning straight baselines in the Pacific Ocean, signed 14 October 1988, EIF 15 November 1988. Article 1 The width of the territorial sea of the Republic will be measured, in the Pacific Ocean, from the following baselines: A. In accordance with the normal baseline method: from San Francisco Point, also known as Medero (1017' 36" N., 8551' 19" W), to Punta Guiones (954' 18" N., 8540' 15" W), and from Punta Llorona (835' 03" N, 8343' 25" W.) to Punta Salsipuedes (826' 32" N., 8334' 13" W.). B. In accordance with the straight baselines method: from a point that coincides with the southern extreme of the line that encloses the mouth of Salinas Bay, the line, as determined by the Cleveland Award, to Punta Descartes (1101' 25" N., 8545' 25" W) to Punta Blanca (1057' 02" N., 8553' 16" W); from Punta Blanca to Punta Santa Elena (1053' 29" N., 8557' 11" W); from Santa Elena to the westernmost key of the Murcielago Islands Group (1051' 16" N., 8558' 50" W.); from the westernmost key of the Murcielago Islands to Cabo Velas or Morro Hermoso (1021' 25" N., 8552' 39" W.); from Cabo Velas or Morro Hermoso to Punta San Francisco (1017' 36" N., 8551' 19" W.); from Punta Guiones (954' 18" N., 8540' 15" W) to the southwest tip of Cabo Blanco Island (932' 20" N., 8506' 54" W.); from the southwest tip of Cabo Blanco Island to the southwest tip of Isla Del Cano (842' 24" N., 8353' 30" W.); from the southwest tip of Isla Del Cano to Punta Llorona on the Osa Peninsula (835' 03" N., 8343' 25" W.); from Punta Salsipuedes (826' 32" N., 8334' 13" W.) to the extreme southern end of the international border line with Panama at Punta Burica. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT COSTA RICA - COLOMBIA The following comments regarding an agreement between Colombia and Costa Rica, signed in March 1977, were extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 84, "Maritime Boundary: Colombia-Costa Rica." U.S. ANALYSIS The boundary commences in the east at the intersection of a line drawn at 225 azimuth (true) from 1100'00"N., 8115'00"W., with the 1049'00"N. parallel. The approximate coordinates of this point calculate to be 1049'00"N., 8126'15"W., and are shown as point A. The boundary continues along this parallel of latitude until intersecting the meridian of 8214'00"W. longitude; turning point B thus has the coordinates 1049'00"N., 8214'00"W. From point B, the boundary follows the 8214'00"W. meridian due north to "where delimitation must be made with a third State" (i.e., Nicaragua). The distance of the known boundary (A-B) is 46.99 nm. Although it is impossible to determine precisely the northwest terminus of the Colombia-Costa Rica boundary, the boundary probably would extend at least to 11N. before the Colombia-Nicaragua or Costa RicaNicaragua maritime boundary would be encountered. No boundary delimitation principles have been specified in the treaty. The delimitation appears to have been negotiated on the basis of equitable principles established by agreement between the two states.... TABLE C1.T57. COSTA RICA - COLOMBIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES COSTA RICA - COLOMBIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES Boundary Point A Nearest Land Territory Colombia-Cayos de Albuquerque Costa Rica-Punta Mona Panama-Wreck Rock B Colombia-Cayos de Albuquerque Costa Rica-Isla Uvite Distance to Boundary Point (NM) 83.14 99.29 95.65 85.62 67.15

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COSTA RICA - COLOMBIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES Boundary Point 1100'00"N 8214'00"W Nearest Land Territory Colombia-Cayos de Albuquerque Costa Rica-Isla Uvita Nicaragua-Blowing Rock Distance to Boundary Point (NM) 72.12 75.49 78.02

The following is extracted from the Treaty on the Delimitation of Marine and Submarine Areas and Maritime Cooperation between the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Costa Rica of 6 April 1984, Additional to the Treaty signed on 17 March 1977. Article 1 The boundary between their respective marine and submarine areas in the Pacific Ocean shall consist of a straight line drawn from a point located at latitude 05 00 00 north and longitude 84 19 00 west of Greenwich, which is the end of the maritime boundary between Costa Rica and Panama, southward towards another point located at latitude 03 32 00 north and longitude 84 19 00 west of Greenwich. From the latter point, the boundary shall continue along the boundary of the 200-mile marine area of Isla de Coco to a point at latitude 03 03 00 north and longitude 84 46 00 west of Greenwich COSTA RICA - PANAMA The following is extracted from the Treaty concerning Delimitation of Marine Areas and Maritime Cooperation between the Republic of Costa Rica and the Republic of Panama signed 2 February 1980, EIF February 1982. (1) In the Caribbean Sea: The median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured in accordance with public international law; from the termination of the land boundary between the two countries, at a point located in the mouth of the Sixaola River, latitude 09 34' 16" North, longitude 82 34' 00" West, along a straight line to a point located at latitude 10 49' 00" North, longitude 81 26' 08.2" West, where the boundaries of Costa Rica, Colombia and Panama intersect. (2) In the Pacific Ocean: The median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each State is measured in accordance with international public law; the boundary between the maritime areas of the two countries shall consist of a straight line starting at the southernmost point of the land boundary at Punta Burica and terminating at a point at latitude 05 00' 00" North and longitude 84 19' 00" West.

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COTE D'IVOIRE
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Nov 77 Law No. 77-926 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Nov 77 Law No. 77-926 Enabling legislation for straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Nov 77 Law No. 77-926 200nm EEZ expressly "replaces" continental shelf claim. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Nov 77 Law No. 77-926 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Nov 77 Law No. 77-926 200nm Right to take "any action to prevent, REGULATION reduce, or control pollution" claimed within EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Mar 84 Nov 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement.

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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CROATIA, REPUBLIC OF
Croatia is one of the nations created by the break-up of the Former Yugoslavia. Unless repudiated or amended by Croatia, maritime boundary agreements entered into by Yugoslavia are considered to be still in force. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jul 87 Law of the Coastal Sea & Enabling legislation limiting port visits and the Continental Shelf of ship overhauls. Announced 24 hour the Socialist Federal advance notice requirement for foreign Republic of Yugoslavia naval ships for harmless passage in territorial waters. Use of designated sea lanes for passage by foreign naval ships, tankers, nuclear powered ships and ships which carry nuclear weapons. Jan 94 Maritime Code 12nm Prohibits more than three foreign warships from transiting the territorial sea in innocent passage at the same time. Declaration that no peremptory norm of international law forbids a coastal State from requiring foreign warships to notify their intention of innocent passage and to limit the number of warships allowed to exercise the right of innocent passage at the same time.

Apr 95

Declaration upon Ratification of 1982 LOS Convention

These notification requirements and limits on numbers of warships are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertions in 1998 and 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 94 Maritime Code Adopted straight baselines designated by STRAIGHT BASELINES & the Former Yugoslavia (see analysis HISTORIC CLAIMS below). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 94 Maritime Code Enabling legislation to declare an EEZ from the outer limit of the territorial sea in the direction of the open sea up to its outer limit permitted by general international law. Decision by Croatian 200nm Established ecological and fisheries Parliament protection zone. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 92 Declaration 1958 Declaration of succession to 1958 DEF Continental Shelf Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 68 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement between Italy and Yugoslavia signed; EIF Jan 70. Unclear whether Croatia intends to be bound by this treaty signed by its predecessor government. Treaty on State Borders (including maritime boundaries) between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jul 99 Treaty Oct 2003

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Apr 95 Succeded to Convention, with Declaration (see Territorial Sea, above). Bound by Part XI Agreement _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION In 1994, Croatia formally enacted a comprehensive Maritime Code that established straight baselines, in fact adopting those created in 1965 by the Former Yugoslavia. Following are extracts from the Maritime Code of 27 January 1994. Article 7 The internal waters of the Republic of Croatia include: 1) harbors and bays on the seashore of the land and islands; 2) parts of the sea between the low-water line on the seashore on land and the straight baseline for the measurement of the width of the territorial sea referred to in article 16, paragraph 2, points (2) and (3), of this Law. The bay referred to in point 1 of Paragraph 1 of this article is a clearly defined indentation into land whose sea surface is equal to or larger than the surface of the semi-circle the length of the diameter of which equals the length of the straight line closing the entrance to the bay. The sea surface of the bay is measured from the low water mark around the shore of the bay and the straight line closing the entrance to the bay. The ports open to international traffic in the Republic of Croatia are: Umag, Novigrad, Porec, Rovinj, Pula, Rasa, Rijeka, Mali Losinj, Senj, Maslenica, Zadar, Sibenik, Primosten, Split, Kor ula, Plo e, Metkovi, and Dubrovnik. The Government of the Republic of Croatia may designate also other ports open to international traffic. Article 19 The territorial sea of the Republic of Croatia is the sea belt 12 nautical miles wide, reckoning from the baseline in the direction towards the economic belt [the EEZ] The baseline is formed by: 1) the line of the mean low waters along the shores of the land and the islands; 2) the straight lines closing the entrances to the ports or bays; 3) straight lines connecting these points on the coast of the land and on the shore of the islands; a) Cape Zaruba a - southeastern cape of the Island of Mrkan - southern cape of the Island of St. Andrija Cape Gruj (Island of Mljet); b) Cape Korizmeni (Island of Mljet) Island of Glavat Cape Struga (Island of Lastovo) Cape Veljeg mora (Island of Lastovo) southwestern cape of the island of Kopiste Cape Velo dance (Island of Korcula) Cape Proizd - southwestern cape of the Island of Vodnjak Cape Rat (Island of Drvenik mali) rock Mulo rock Blitvenica Island of Purara Island of Balun Island of Mrtovac Island of Garmenjak Veli point on the Island of Dugi otok with coordinates 43 53' 12" north latitude and 15 10' 0" east longitude; c) Cape Veli Rat (Island of Dugi Otok) rock Masarine Cape Margarina (Island of Susak) - Albanez Shallows Island of Grunj rock of St. Ivan na Pucini - Mramori Shallows - Island of Alteiz Cape Kastanija. The baselines are marked on the seachart "Jadransko more" (Adriatic Sea), published by the State Hydrographic Institute (Drzavni hidrografski zavod). In determining the straight baseline of the territorial sea, the most projecting permanent port buildings forming part of the port system will also be considered part of the seashore.

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Article 20 The outer limit of the territorial sea is the line any point of which is 12 nautical miles distant from the nearest point on the baseline. Article 21 Any foreign waterborne craft has the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea of the Republic of Croatia. Article 22 By innocent passage of a waterborne craft is understood navigation on the territorial sea of the Republic of Croatia without entering any of the countrys ports open to international traffic, or navigation with the purpose of entering such port, or a port where the shipyard in which the waterborne craft will be repaired is situated or in order to leave it for the economic zone, on condition that the peace, order or safety of the Republic of Croatia are not disturbed. The foreign waterborne craft shall accomplish the innocent passage by the shortest usual route, without interruption and delay. Stopping and anchoring of a foreign waterborne craft using the right of innocent passage is permitted only if caused by events ascribed to regular navigation or force majeure or distress at sea, or in order to offer assistance to people, waterborne craft or aircraft in danger or trouble. Article 23 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Croatia shall be informed through diplomatic channels by the State to which a warship belongs about the intention of innocent passage of the foreign warship through the territorial sea of the Republic of Croatia not later than 24 hours before the ships entering the territorial sea of the Republic of Croatia. Article 27 More than three foreign warships of the same nationality shall not be passing through the territorial sea of the Republic of Croatia at the same time. Article 33 The exclusive economic zone of the Republic of Croatia comprises the marine spaces from the outer limit of the territorial sea in the direction of the open sea up to its outer limit as permitted by general international law. The Croatian baselines are identical to those adopted by the Former Yugoslavia in 1965. The following comments regarding the Yugoslav straight baseline system (and thus applicable to the Croatian baselines) are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 6, "Straight Baselines: Yugoslavia" of 6 February 1970. U.S. ANALYSIS The straight baselines, as decreed, constitute 26 individual segments which are combined three lines broken twice by island coasts. The straight baselines total approximately 244.7 nautical miles; the first segment extends for 22.9 miles from the coast north of Dubrovnik to Mljet island. The coast of the island forms the baseline for approximately 20.75 nautical miles before the second segment is encountered. This line, stretching to the island of Dugi Otok, measures 129.0 nautical miles. The low water line of Dugi Otok forms the baseline for the next 26.0 nautical miles. The final straight baseline extends for 92.8 nautical miles from Cape Veli Rat (NW Dugi Otok) to Cape Kastanija, northwest of Novi Grad, on the Istrian Peninsula. The individual segments of the straight baseline are as follows: TABLE C1.T58. CROATIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS CROATIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS POINTS Rt. (Cape) Zarubaca - 0. (Island) 0. Mrkan - O. Sveti Andrija O. Sveti Andrija - Rt. Gruj LENGTH IN NM 2.0 11.5 9.4 COMMENTS The straight baseline parallels Mrkan the coast at an average distance of 1 nautical mile. The trend continues; distance increases to 2 nautical miles on average. The straight baseline closes the (O. Mljet) Mljetski Kanal, a fjord-like channel contained between mainland and O. Mljet.

The low-water line of the island of Mljet forms the baseline from Cape Gruj to Cape Korizmeni, a distance of 22.0 nautical miles.

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CROATIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS POINTS Rt. Korizmeni (O. Mljet) - O. Glavat O. Glavat - Rt. Struga (O. Lastovo) Rt. Struga - Rt. Veljega Mora Veljega Mora - O. Kopiste O. Kopiste - Rt. Velo Dance Rt. Velo Dance - Rt. Proizd Proizd - O. Vodnjak O. Vodnjak - O. Mali Drvenik O. Mali Drvenik - Hrid (Reef) Mulo Hrid Mulo - Hrid Blitvenica LENGTH IN NM 8.2 11.8 2.0 6.2 11.2 3.7 17.2 20.2 7.3 16.4 0.5 to 1.0 miles from coastal promontories. Lighthouse, built on reef, is utilized. The straight baseline tends to close the bay-like opening formed between the coast and the series of continuous islands. Lighthouse on reef is used as a turning point. Completes closure of "bay-like" waters as above. Line trends northwestward along "front" of islands virtually parallel to mainland. Same. Straight baseline subtends towards the island chain and the coast. Same. The Yugoslav coastline in this region changes direction markedly, changing from a northwesterly to an almost westerly direction. The straight baseline from Mljet island to Kopiste island "parallels" the coast to the north while the continuation to Mali Dvenik follows the general trend of the mainland lying to the east. The straight baselines exclude many islands: Vis, Susak, Bisevo and Andrija which are all rather large. Other, smaller islets are also outside of the straight baselines. COMMENTS

Hrid Blitvenica - O. Purara O. Purara - O. Balun O: Balun - O. Mrtovak O. Mrtovak - O. Garmenjak Veli O. Garmenjak Veli - Dugi Otok (4353'12" North 1510' East)

7.4 11.1 1.8 3.2 1.3

The straight baseline is broken by the shore of Dugi Otok for 26 nautical miles. It resumes at the northwestern cape of the island. Rt. Veli Rat - Masarine Reef 14.6 The straight baseline follows the general trend of the coast and is backed, at an average distance of less than 2 nautical miles, by a virtually continuous chain of islands. The same general characteristics prevail except the island front is roughly five miles distant. The straight baseline encloses a body of water which has the characteristics of a bay - the Kvar Ner. From the reef to the Brioni Islands, which include Grongera, the coastline is indented with numerous bay-like openings. The number of islands is very small and they all are close-in to the shore. The general conditions are similar to that south of the Brionis except that the straight baselines are approximately 2.5 nautical miles from the coast. The Brioni group and the mainland form a "bay" in the Kanal Fazana. The straight baseline returns closer to the mainland, averaging now approximately 0.9 nautical mile from the headlands. Same. The number of offshore islands increases -- roughly 17 islands in the 3.2 miles. Termination of the straight baseline at the coastal cape.

Masarine Reef - Rt. Margarina Rt. Margarina - Plicina Albanez Plicina Albanez - O. Grongera (Grunj) O. Grongera - Hr. Sv Ivan na Pucini Hr. Sv Ivan na Pucini - Plic Marmi Plic Marmi - O. Altez O. Altez - Rt. Kastanija

15.7 22.5 13.3

8.9

6.6 3.2 8.0

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Summary The total length of the Yugoslav straight baseline is 244.7 nautical miles with an average length for the 26 segments of 9.4 nautical miles. The longest segment is 22.5 nautical miles; it "closes" the bay-like opening of Kvar Ner. In the main, the straight baselines do not depart appreciably from the general trend of the Yugoslav coast. The average variation is approximately 5 from the mainland coast and less from the general trend of the offshore islands. Several segments, however, vary from the average. The first straight baseline from the Dalmatian shore to the island of Mljet is approximately 15 from the general trend of the mainland. The straight baseline, in contrast, is virtually identical with the trend of the offshore islands. In the sector where the major island of Mljet and Lastovo are enclosed, the straight baselines are within 15 of the general trend of the northern coast. However, the straight baseline deviates nearly 45 from the trend of the coast from which it diverges.

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CUBA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 77 Decree-Law No. 1 12nm Recognized freedom of navigation and overflight of straits or channels used for international navigation. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Feb 77 Decree-Law No. 1 Establishes straight baselines (repeals all STRAIGHT BASELINES, & prior versions). HISTORIC CLAIMS This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1983 and 1984 and conducted operational assertions in 1985, 1986 and 1987. Nov 85 Certification Reaffirms baseline coordinates. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 95 Legislative Decree No. 24nm 158 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Apr 54 Presidential Decree No. 200m 952 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Feb 77 Decree-Law No. 2 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jul 76 Diplomatic notes Maritime boundary agreement with Mexico EIF. See LIS No. 104 (contains chart). Dec 77 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with U.S. signed; provisional agreement effective 1/1/78, pending permanent EIF following exchange of instruments of ratification. See LIS No. 110. Maritime boundary agreement with Haiti EIF.

Jan 78

Agreement

Maritime boundary agreement with Jamaica signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Aug 84 Ratified Convention, with Declaration rejecting the International Court of Justice as a forum for dispute settlement under Articles 297 and 298 and under 292 in cases where financial security has been posted for a vessel which is not promptly released.

Feb 94

Agreement

Oct 2002 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is the text of Republic of Cuba Decree Law No. 1 of 24 February 1977. Article 1 The territorial sea of the Republic of Cuba has a breadth of 12 nautical miles, measured from the baseline set forth herein. Its outer limit is constituted by a line each of whose points is located at distance equal to 12 nautical miles from the closest point of baseline. Article 2 The baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the Republic of Cuba is measured is constituted by the straight lines joining the outermost points of the coast, islands, islets, keys and emerged reefs surrounding it and determined by the following geographic coordinates. TABLE C1.T59. CUBA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM CUBA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. LATITUDE NORTH 2152.0'N 2152.4'N 2153.9'N 2154.1'N 2209.6'N 2216.5'N 2218.3'N 2220.0'N 2225.1'N 2228.4'N 2231.0'N 2235.1'N 2238.4'N 2240.3'N 2242.9'N 2253.9'N 2259.6'N 2308.7'N 2309.0'N 2309.1'N 231O.O'N 2310.2'N 2310.5'N 2310.8'N 2310.8'N LONGITUDE WEST 8457.2'W 8456.6'W 8455.7'W 8455.3'W 8445.0'W 8441.9'W 8440.0'W 8438.4'W 8433.1'W 8428.4'W 8424.5'W 8416.1'W 8411.3'W 8408.5'W 8401.4'W 8336.6'W 8312.9'W 8223.6'W 8221.4'W 8220.9'W 8219.5'W 8218.2'W 8216.2'W 8214.8'W 8212.6'W PUNTA COMPANILLA PUNTA GUAYACANES PUNTA GOBERNADORA PUNTA BRAVA PUNTA BARLOVENTO CAYO JUTIAS PUNTA CAJON BANCO SANCHO PARDO LOCATION CABO SAN ANTONIO

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CUBA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. LATITUDE NORTH 2311.2'N 2311.O'N 2316.0'N 2316.9'N 2313.6'N 2256.8'N 2241.4'N 2237.6'N 2232.9'N 2228.9'N 2221.1'N 2211.5'N 2139.8'N 2116.1'N 2107.6'N 2106.9'N 2104.3'N 2041.9'N 2037.1'N 2019.0'N 2018.1'N 2015.5'N 2015.2'N 2014.8'N 2013.6'N 2013.1'N 2012.7'N 2011.7'N 2010.9'N 2004.8'N 2004.4'N 2004.1'N 2004.6'N 1955.0'N LONGITUDE WEST 8201.6'W 82OO.O'W 8105.2'W 8054.9'W 8019.6'W 7945.4'W 7853.4'W 7838.8'W 7822.8'W 781O.O'W 7751.7'W 7739.8'W 7708.4'W 7621.4'W 7543.0'W 7541.7'W 7537.2'W 7449.9'W 7443.8'W 7413.8'W 7411.8'W 7409.0'W 7408.7'W 7408.5'W 7408.1'W 7407.9'W 7407.8'W 7408.1'W 7408.6'W 7414.6'W 7415.4'W 7416.2'W 7417.8'W 7459.0'W PUNTA CALETA PUNTA QUEMADO PUNTA MAISI PUNTA LUCRECIA CAYO HOA PUNTA GUARICO PUNTA FRAILE PUNTA AZULES QUEBRADO DEL MANGLE CAYO PAREDON GRANDE BAJD TRIBUTARIOS DE MINERVA CAYO CONFITES PUNTA MATERNILLOS CAYOS GUILLERMITOS CAYO LA VELA PUNTA TIJERAS CAYO MONO FARO CRUZ DEL PADRE LOCATION

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CUBA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. LATITUDE NORTH 1954.3'N 1953.9'N 1953.4'N 1952.9'N 1952.6'N 1952.9'N 1952.9'N 1953.4'N 1953.6'N 1957.8'N 1957.3'N 1957.3'N 1957.7'N 1957.9'N 1958.8'N 1958.0'N 1957.3'N 1956.9'N 1936.8'N 1956.8'N 1956.0'N 1953.3'N 1953.2'N 1953.2'N 1953.2'N 1953.6'N 1951.2'N 1950.8'N 1950.8'N 1950.6'N 1950.6'N 1949.6'N 1950.2'N 2031.1'N LONGITUDE WEST 7501.3'W 7504.9'W 7509.4'W 7518.2'W 7521.4'W 7529.6'W 7532.3'W 7535.2'W 7536.4'W 7552.6'W 7557.9'W 7600.4'W 7604.3'W 7605.9'W 7611.1'W 7619.2'W 7621.3'W 7631.2'W 7634.8'W 7642.6'W 7647.2'W 7658.7'W 7659.4'W 7700.8'W 7704.4'W 7707.8'W 7721.0'W 7723.8'W 7725.2'W 7730.2'W 7732.2'W 7740.4'W 7744.9'W 7819.8'W PUNTA CABEZA DEL ESTE PUNTA MONJE PUNTA ESCALERETA PUNTA PESQUERO DE LA ALEGRIA PUNTA TURQUINO PUNTA TABACAL PUNTA BAYANITA PUNTA MORILLO PUNTA CABRERA LOCATION

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CUBA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding the Cuban straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 76, "Straight Baselines: Cuba" of 28 October 1977. LATITUDE NORTH 2032.2'N 2047.6'N 2052.2'N 2103.2'N 2106.4'N 2110.5'N 2113.1'N 2135.6'N 2137.7'N 2135.6'N 2134.7'N 2133.6'N 2128.4'N 2126.5'N 2126.2'N 2126.3'N 2128.0'N 2154.4'N 2145.9'N 2145.8'N 2145.2'N 2145.1'N 2148.6'N 2148.6'N 2149.6'N 2149.7'N 2150.1'N 2150.2'N 2150.6'N 2151.4'N 2151.7'N LONGITUDE WEST 7823.0'W 7856.7'W 7903.3'W 7920.4'W 7926.6'W 7931.0'W 7933.3'W 7950.5'W 8104.8'W 8130.7'W 8138.3'W 8145.8'W 8212.8'W 8250.3'W 8253.0'W 8253.8'W 8304.2'W 8402.2'W 8426.7'W 8427.3'W 8430.2'W 8430.6'W 8448.1'W 8448.6'W 8455.0'W 8455.2'W 8455.9'W 8456.1'W 8456.6'W 8457.1'W 8457.2'W PUNTA PERPETUA PUNTA DEL HOLANDES PUNTA LEONES CALETA DE AGUSTIN JOL CABO PEPE CABO FRANCES CABEZO DE LA ESTOPA CABEZO SAMBO CAYO PUGA CAYO TRABUCO LOCATION PUNTA MACAO CAYO ANCLITAS PUNTA ESCONDIDO CAYO CINCO BALAS CAYO BRETON

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By passing Decree-Law 1, Cuba joins approximately 55 other countries in creating straight baselines. The Cuban straight baselines listed in Article 2 of Decree-Law 1 are depicted on DMA/HC N.O. chart 27000. The 1977 law creates a system of straight baselines which completely envelops Cuba and its offshore islands as well as the U.S.-leased Guantanamo Naval Station. The system's total length measures 1,380.65 nautical miles and has 124 turning points for an average segment length of 11.14 nautical miles. Point 1 is situated on the southwestern point of Cuba, and the basepoints numerically extend clockwise about the island to No. 124 (and by implication to No. 1). Table 1 classifies the baseline segments according to distance. The length of the various segments varies from 0.21 nautical miles (118-119) to 69.24 nautical miles (101-102). Approximately one-half of the baselines (66 of 123) are between 1.0 and 9.9 nautical miles in length. The system contains five segments (27-28, 31-32, 92-93, 1O1-102, and 110-111) longer than 50 nautical miles. TABLE C1.T60. DISTANCE BETWEEN CUBAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SEGMENTS Table 1 Distance between Basepoints (Nautical Miles) 0.1-0.9 1.0-9.9 10.0-19.9 20.0-29.9 30.0-39.9 40.0-49.9 50 or longer Number of Baseline Segments

21 66 12 8 6 5 5

Points 1-10 of the Cuban straight baselines system define the general limits of the claimed historic bay of Guanahacabibes. Between points 10-17 it appears (according to U.S. charts) that low-tide elevations on the Cuban fringing reefs have been utilized as basepoints for the system. From point 17 (Punta Gobernadora, west of Bahia Honda) through point 28, the Cuban coastline is neither indented nor fringed with islands. Beginning at about 8110' West (near point 28) to approximately 7740' West (between 37 and 38), the coastline is "fringed" with islands. From 7740' West to No. 92, the southern entrance to the Gulf of Guacanayabo, the Cuban coastline again is not deeply indented or fringed with islands. From point No. 92 to No. 93, the baseline extends northwestward across the mouth of the bay to connect with a line of cays that are oriented in the same general direction. A more northward-trending line to follow the entire string of cays, rather than this particular line of cays, would more aptly define the natural closing points of the geographic bay and hence the general direction of the coast. The continuation along the line of cays from 93 through 100 generally conforms with State practice and the Convention. The extension of the system from 100 to 101 projects northwestward, seaward of a "thin" line of cays. From 101-102 the straight baseline continues nearly due west to Cayo Trabuco, an eastern cay of the Canary Archipelago, across an area that contains no islands for over 69 nautical miles. Moreover, the Cuban coast north of point 101 westward to Pta. Aristizabal is basically without indentation. From 102 to 107, the straight baselines extend seaward of the Canary Archipelago cays to the Isle of Pines. Shorter straight baselines would follow more closely the general direction of the coast. Lines 107-110 follow the southern coast of the Isle of Pines, which is neither indented nor fringed with islands. West of the Isle of Pines, the straight baselines again depart from the actual general direction of the Cayos de San Felipe and extend seaward directly to Cape Frances. The departure advances the baseline approximately 25 nautical miles seaward. The next segment, 111-114, encloses a smooth coast; lines 114-115 close a juridical bay (Corrientes). The remainder of the system follows the relatively smooth coast of southwestern Cuba.

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MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS CUBA - UNITED STATES The following coordinates from and comments regarding the Maritime Boundary Agreement between Cuba and the United States are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 110, " Maritime Boundary: Cuba - United States " of 21 February 1990. Article 1 The maritime boundary between the United States of America and the Republic of Cuba shall be determined by the geodetic lines connecting the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T61. CUBA - U.S. MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 LATITUDE NORTH 2355'30" 2353'50" 2350'50" 2350'00" 2349'03" 2349'03" 2349'40" 2351'12" 2351'12" 2349'40" 2349'30" 2349'22" 2349'49" 2351'51" 2352'25" 2354'02" 2355'45" 2358'36" 2409'35" 2413'18" 2416'39" 2423'28" 2426'35" 2438'55" 2444'15" 2453'55" 2512'25" LONGITUDE WEST 8112'55" 8119'44" 8130'00" 8140'00" 8150'00" 8200'12" 8210'00" 8225'00" 8240'00" 8248'54" 8251'12" 8300'00" 8315'00" 8325'50" 8333'02" 8341'36" 8348'12" 8400'00" 8429'28" 8438'40" 8446'08" 8500'00" 8506'20" 8531'55" 8543'12" 8600'00" 8633'12"

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U.S. ANALYSIS On December 16, 1977, the Governments of the United States of America and the Republic of Cuba signed an agreement delimiting a maritime boundary in the Straits of Florida and eastern Gulf of Mexico. The parties agreed to provisional application of the agreement, effective January 1, 1978, pending permanent entry into force of the agreement following the exchange of instruments of the signing of this agreement Notes have been exchanged on six occasions (every two years) extending the provisional application of the agreement. The latest agreement occurred December 26, 1989. The 1977 negotiations leading to the maritime boundary agreement were one of the first formal and direct discussions the United States and Cuba held for many years. Each country had, in 1977, extended its maritime jurisdiction to 200 miles, Cuba claiming an exclusive economic zone, the United States claiming an exclusive fishing zone. Since the two countries are less than 400 miles apart there exists an area in the southern portion of the Straits of Florida and eastern Gulf of Mexico where their respective claims overlap. ... The United States does not recognize Cuba's straight baselines along its northern coast on the grounds that the geographic conditions, as prescribed under international law, are not met. Specifically, Cuba's coastline is neither deeply indented nor fringed with islands in this area. The United States does not claim straight baselines along its coast. Cuba gains an advantage over the United States in the eastern part of the boundary if an equidistant line is created by using Cuba's straight baselines against the United States low-water line. The western portion of the boundary was not influenced by Cuba's straight baselines. To avoid an impasse in the talks, Cuba and the United States agreed to calculate an equidistant line from the relevant basepoints on their respective low-water lines and a second equidistant line from the Cuban straight baselines and comparable hypothetical construction lines separated by as much as approximately three miles. A compromise line was then negotiated that ran between these two equidistant lines, essentially dividing the intervening area equally between them. Comparing the negotiated boundary line to the original line published by the United States in March 1977, the United States gained a net area of approximately 235 square nautical miles; a slight area loss in the eastern part of the boundary area, offset in the central and western portions of the boundary. The boundary consists of 27 turning and terminal points and is 313.4 miles long. In the east, the starting point is a tripoint, approximately 40 miles distant from the coasts of the Bahamas (Cay Sal), Cuba, and the United States. From the tripoint the boundary extends in a general westward direction until turning point 13; it then turns in a northwestward direction until reaching the terminus, 200 miles from the Cuban and U.S. coasts. The distance between boundary turning points ranges from 2.12 miles (between points 10 and 11) to 35.34 miles (between points 26 and 27) and averages about 12 miles. The boundary separates all types of maritime jurisdiction permitted under international law. At the time the treaty was signed, Cuba claimed a 200-mile exclusive economic zone and the United States a 200-mile fishery zone. Subsequent to the signing the United States, in 1983, claimed a 200-mile exclusive economic zone. CUBA - MEXICO The following coordinates from and comments regarding the exchange of notes constituting an agreement on the delimitation of the EEZ of Mexico in the bordering area with Cuban waters (EIF 26 July 1976) are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 104, " Maritime Boundary: Cuba - Mexico " of 10 September 1985. TABLE C1.T62. CUBA - MEXICO MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 LATITUDE NORTH 2456'28.83" 2330'31.50" 2326'54.30" 2245'32.80" 2218'55.80" 2141'31.50" 2136'00.10" LONGITUDE WEST 8656'16.69" 8624'14.70" 8622'33.80" 8606'55.00" 8600'35.20" 8552'43.40" 8551'18.20"

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POINT 8 9 10 11 12 13 U.S. ANALYSIS The two governments have delimited their maritime boundary on the basis of an equidistant line whereby the line separating their respective marine jurisdictions is equally distant from the two coastlines. Although Cuba has claimed straight baselines..., it appears that the straight baselines themselves have not been used in calculating the equidistant line.... LATITUDE NORTH 2135'20.90" 204936.40" 2017'46.70" 2004'37.10" 1939'16.60" 1932'25.80" LONGITUDE WEST 8551'09.30" 8532'23.10" 8507'24.25" 8457'56.30" 8442'46.50" 8438'30.66"

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CYPRUS
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 64 Law No. 45 12nm The 1964 law was proclaimed by the Greek Cypriot government. The portion of Cyprus under Turkish control did not expand its portion of the territorial sea to 12nm until Jun 2002. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, May 93 Note Verbale Declared straight baseline coordinates. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & No.2001/254 HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 2004 Legislation 24nm Enacted legislation declaring contiguous zone. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF May 72 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 200m Beyond 200 meter isobath, if part of the Note Verbale natural prolongation of land territory. Same as above, but never beyond the median line between Cyprus and another nation. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEEZ Apr 2004 Legislation 200nm Enacted legislation declaring EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Aug 60 Independence Act Established territorial sea boundaries with U.K. base area. See LIS No. 49. Established median EEZ coordinates with Egypt. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Dec 88 Nov 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement. Feb 2003 Agreement Apr 74 Law No. 8

Jul 95 Ratified Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The text of Note Verbale No.2001/254 transmitted by the Permanent Mission of Cyprus to the United Nations on 3 May 1993, below, is taken from UN Law of the Sea Bulletin, No. 24, of December 1993. Geographical coordinates showing baselines for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea: TABLE C1.T63. CYPRUS BASELINE SYSTEM CYPRUS BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1 2 3 LATITUDE 35 06' 49" 35 05' 40" 35 04' 15" LONGITUDE 32 16' 52" 32 16' 31" 32 16' 12"

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CYPRUS BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 LATITUDE 35 02' 21" 35 01' 30" 34 57' 05" 34 53' 59" 34 51' 30" 34 45' 19" 34 42' 13" 34 39' 17" 34 38' 30" 34 38' 42" 34 34' 01" 34 33' 47" 34 34' 06" 34 40' 14" 34 42' 19" 34 43' 12" 34 43' 52" 34 46' 45" 34 49' 08" 34 51' 48" 34 55' 41" 34 58' 44" 34 56' 32" 34 58' 52" 34 57' 20" 34 57' 38" 34 59' 21" 35 00' 40" 35 13' 10" 35 16' 50" 35 19' 45" 35 22' 25" 35 29' 40" 35 33' 21" LONGITUDE 32 16' 15" 32 16' 29" 32 18' 15" 32 18' 32" 32 21' 03" 32 24' 15" 32 29' 42" 32 39' 29" 32 42' 19" 32 54' 07" 32 56' 06" 33 01' 45" 33 02' 12" 33 02' 30" 33 15' 42" 33 19' 37" 33 22' 06" 33 29' 47" 33 36' 18" 33 38' 18" 33 38' 57" 33 43' 52" 33 51' 46" 33 57' 23" 34 05' 05" 34 05' 13" 34 04' 38" 34 03' 55" 33 54' 15" 33 55' 36" 34 04' 00" 34 05' 22" 34 18' 40" 34 24' 30"

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CYPRUS BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 MARITIME BOUNDARIES CYPRUS - U.K. (SOVEREIGN BASE AREAS) U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments are extracted from the International Boundary Study Series A Limits in the Seas, No. 49, "Territorial Sea Boundary: Cyprus-Sovereign Base Area (U.K.)". Introduction When Cyprus became independent in 1960, the United Kingdom retained, as sovereign British territory, certain base areas on the island. These non-ceded lands did not pass to the new state. The limits between the base areas and Cyprus were precisely delimited as international boundaries, and provisions were made for the demarcation on the lines. In addition, Section 3 of the Treaty Concerning the Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus provided for territorial sea boundaries between the Republic and the U.K. Sovereign Base Area (SBA). These limits also may have a potential influence on continental shelf boundaries although the possibility is not dealt with specifically in the Treaty. Section 3 states: 1. The Republic of Cyprus shall not claim, as part of its territorial sea, waters lying between Line I and Line II as described in paragraph 2 of this Section, or between Line III and Line IV as described therein. LATITUDE 35 38' 31" 35 39' 04" 35 42' 36" 35 39' 10" 35 33' 41" 35 28' 57" 35 24' 33" 35 21' 37" 35 21' 00" 35 22' 08" 35 24' 08" 35 13' 42" 35 08' 38" 35 10' 58" 35 11' 45" 35 11' 45" 35 10' 35" 35 08' 37" 35 03' 20" 35 02' 30" LONGITUDE 34 33' 40" 34 34' 15" 34 36' 22" 34 25' 52" 34 10' 38" 34 03' 11" 33 45' 11" 33 36' 25" 33 17' 27" 33 06' 52" 32 55' 10" 32 55' 15" 32 50' 15" 32 44' 25" 32 40' 11" 32 38' 37" 32 33' 15" 32 31' 27" 32 27' 05" 32 23' 52"

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2. The lines for the purposes of paragraph 1 of this Section shall be as follows:Line I: From the position of the low-water line lying in a 163 direction from Point No. 57 D/l, as defined in Schedule A to this Annex, in a 163 direction for 6.85 miles; then in a 207 direction for 3 miles; and then in a 204 direction. Line II: From the position on the low-water line lying in a 108-1/2 direction from Point 59 A/5, as defined in Schedule A to this Annex, in a 108-1/2 direction for 7.8 miles; and then in a 136 direction. Line III: From the position on the low-water line lying in a 170 direction from Point No. 41 B/10, as defined in Schedule B to this Annex, in a 170 direction for 3.1 miles; and then in a 156 direction. Line IV: From the position on the low-water line lying in a 103 direction from Point No. 42 B/3, as defined in Schedule B to this Annex; in a 103 direction for 0.9 miles; then in a 150 direction for 6.3 miles; and then in a 176. 3. In paragraph 2 of this Section, the distances quoted are in sea miles reckoned at 1,582 international metres to one sea mile, and the bearings are referred to the True North and are given in degrees reckoned clockwise from 000 (North) to 359. The Schedules A and B cited in the Section list the various United Kingdom base sites mentioned in the agreement. The specified points were plotted on large-scale maps which were deposited with the treaty but never publicly printed. The U.K. Government, however, has informed us that the values of the four points are as follows: TABLE C1.T64. CYPRUS - U.K. (SOVEREIGN BASE AREAS) TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY LOCATION 57 D/l 59 A/5 41 B/10 42 B/3 COORDINATES 48401098 71971008 564009.7 E 3871228.2 582264.6 3869698.3 GRID Cyprus Metric Grid Cyprus Metric Grid UTM Grid Coordinates UTM Grid Coordinates

A precise determination of the principles used by the negotiators is impossible. The limits, however, are not based on the equidistance principle. Rather they appear to have been drawn as simplified normals to generalized coastal baselines. As the limit extends seaward, the coastal area involved in the normalization increases and the line vector must change. The result is a simplified but effective method of maritime boundary determination. The principal difficulty, if indeed normalization was the basis, would involve the determination of the "general direction" and sector of the coastline to be used for the particular perpendicularity. The eastern sector's limits appear to converge at a distance of approximately 32 nautical miles from the shore. The eastern boundary of the western U.K. SBA will not connect, if prolonged, with the limits of the eastern SBA zone. The United Kingdom is party to both the Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone and the Convention on the Continental Shelf. Cyprus has adhered to neither. CYPRUS - EGYPT The following is extracted from the Agreement between the Republic of Cyprus and the Arab Republic of Egypt on the Delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone signed on 17 February 2003. Article 1 (a) The delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between the two Parties is effected by the median line of which every point is equidistant from the nearest point on the baseline of the two Parties. Annex 1 List of geographical coordinates of points 1 to 8 defining the median line and its limits annexed to the Agreement between the Republic of Cyprus and the Arab Republic of Egypt on the Delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone.

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TABLE C1.T65. CYPRUS - EGYPT EEZ BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8a LATITUDE 33 45' 00" 33 34' 00" 33 30' 40" 33 21' 20" 33 11' 30" 33 07' 20" 33 00' 40" 32 53' 20" LONGITUDE 30 05' 00" 30 28' 30" 30 36' 40" 31 07' 00" 31 36' 30" 32 01' 20" 32 31' 00" 32 58' 20"

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DENMARK
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA May 99 Act No. 200 on the 12nm Extends territorial sea from 3nm to 12nm. Delimitation of the Preserves right of innocent passage Territorial Sea through internal waters of Little Belt, Great Belt and the Sound. Does not apply to Faroe Islands or Greenland; see MCRM entry on Denmark Dependencies. May 99 Ordinance Governing Admission of Foreign Warships and Military Aircraft to Danish Territory in Time of Peace Prior notification required of more than three warships of same nation for passage in Great Belt, Samsoe Belt or the Sound. Prior notification also required for passage in Hollaenderdybet/Drogden, Little Belt and the waters between Funen, Endelave and Samsoe.

This Act revokes that of 1973, which had required warships and other state vessels to provide prior notice of transit in innocent passage. The US had protested that requirement in 1991. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, May 99 Executive Order 242 12nm Straight baseline coordinates. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS Aug 2003 Executive Order No. 680 Amends May 99 Act No. 200 to provide straight baseline coordinates. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 63 Royal Decree 1958 DEF Jun 71 Act No. 259 Establishes regulations on permitting activities on continental shelf. Amended Jun 1972, Dec 1977.

Asserts sovereignty over shelf north of boundary defined by June 1965 agreement with Germany. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 96 Act No. 411 200nm Not applicable to Faroe Islands and Greenland; see MCRM entry on Denmark Dependencies. Jun 96 Executive Order No. 584 200nm Establishes boundaries in the Sound and the Baltic between EEZs of Denmark and Germany, UK, Sweden and Norway.

May 99

Executive Order 242

Jul 2002 Executive Order No. 613 Amends above. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Apr 80 Law No. 130 Protection of the marine environment. REGULATION _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Note: Denmark has many boundary treaties, MOUs, diplomatic exchanges of letters, etc., with neighboring States. The list below includes those which remain in effect, but may it not be exhaustive. These agreements can be downloaded from the UN Law of the Sea website at http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm. See also the MCRM entry for Denmark Dependencies regarding agreements concerning Greenland, Faroe Islands. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Sept 21 Protocol Territorial sea boundary with Germany in the North Sea. Amended. See also Executive Order No. 497 of 21 Dec 1923. Jan 32 Agreement Territorial sea boundary agreement with Sweden in the Sound. Amended. See also Executive Order No. 41 of 22 Feb 1932 and No. 117 of 5 Oct 1995. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Norway EIF. Amended 1968, 1974. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Germany regarding North Sea. See also Executive Order No. 37 of 11 Jun 1966. Continental shelf boundary agreement with UK EIF. Established continental shelf boundaries with Germany in the North Sea. Establishes boundaries with Germany in Flensborg Fiord area of the Baltic Sea. Amended 1971. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Germany (North Sea) EIF. Establishes coordinates for areas not covered by 1969 ICJ Judgment. Continental shelf and fishing zone boundary agreement with Sweden EIF. Continental shelf and fishing zone boundary agreement with GDR EIF.

Dec 65

Agreement

Jun 65

Agreement and Protocol

Feb 67

Agreement

Jun 69

ICJ Judgment

Oct 70

Exchange of Notes

Dec 72

Agreement

Sep 85

Agreement

Jun 89

Agreement

Delimited the continental shelf and fishing zones boundaries between Denmark and Norway. Established maritime boundary between Greenland and Jan Mayen. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Nov 2004 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Jun 93

ICJ Judgment

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following are the baselines from Executive Order 242 which became effective 1 May 1999 and revoked the prior version (Royal Decree No. 437 of 21 December 1966, as amended by Decree No. 189 of 19 April 1978). All coordinates are indicated in geodetic datum WGS84. Denmark's straight baseline system covers the following areas of Denmark (including Sjaelland). TABLE C1.T66. DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: JUTLAND-FUNEN DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: JUTLAND-FUNEN POINT 1. LATITUDE LONGITUDE 5504'.104 N 823'.297 E LOCATION Danish-German Maritime Boundary

From there a straight line to 2. 5519'.743 N 824'.873 E Fano S

From there a straight line to 3. 5528'.664 N 817'.221 E Skallingen W

From there a coastal line to 4. 5559'.924 N 806'.862 E Hvide Sande S

From there a straight line to 5. 5559'.932 N 806'.540 E Hvide Sande N

From there a coastal line to 6. 5622'.310 N 806'.934 E. Thorsminde S

From there a straight line to 7. 5622'.355 N 806'.801 E Thorsminde W

From there a straight line to 8. 5642'.636 N 812'.694 E Harboore Tange NW

from there a straight line to 9. 5643'.306 N 812'.726 E Agger Tange W

From there a coastal line to 10. 5744'.634 N 1038'.836 E Grenen

From there a straight line to 11. 5729'.135 N 1037'.648 E Hirsholmene E

from there a coastal line to 12. 5728'.895 N 1037'.644 E Hirsholmene S

from there a straight line to 13. 5713'.617 N 1032'.830 E Stensnaes N

from there a coastal line to 14. 5713'.388 N 1032'.711 E Stensnaes S

from there a straight line to 15. 5656'.853 N 1018'.990 E Islet of Korsholm

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DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: JUTLAND-FUNEN POINT LATITUDE LONGITUDE LOCATION

from there a straight line to 16. 5654'.352 N 1016'.146 E Dokkedal

from there a coastal line to 17. 5642'.484 N 1019'.957 E Als Odde

from there a straight line to 18. 5642'.085 N 1020'.320 E Daemning N

from there a coastal line to 19. 5639'.717 N 1021'.794 E Daemning S

from there a straight line to 20. 5633'.748 N 1021'.600 E Ingerslev A

from there the coastal line to 21. 5617'.996 N 1051'.813 E Glatved Strand

from there a straight line to 22. 5608'.031 N 1048'.669 E Hjelm E

from there a straight line to 23. 5556'.044 N 1047'.605 E Bosserne E

from there a straight line to 24. 5551'.991 N 1040'.493 E Stalhoj Hage

from there a coastal line to 25. 5545'.939 N 1037'.327 E Lushage

from there a straight line to 26. 5537'.174 N 1037'.067 E Fyns Hoved E

from there a coastal line to 27. 5528'.615 N 1044'.857 E Stavreshoved

from there a straight line to 28. 5524'.926 N 1043'.526 E Risinge Hoved

from there a coastal line to 29. 5517'.594 N 1051'.362 E Knudshoved

from there a straight line to 30. 5509'.884 N 1056'.400 E Langeland N

from there a coastal line to 31. 5443'.426 N 1041'.164 E Gulstav Klint

from there a straight line to 32. 5448'.978 N 1025'.439 E Vejsnaes Nakke

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DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: JUTLAND-FUNEN POINT LATITUDE LONGITUDE LOCATION

from there a coastal line to 33. 5455'.149 N 1014'.782 E Vitso S

from there a straight line to 34. 5452'.403 N 1003'.872 E Polshuk

from there a coastal line to 35. 5451'.141 N 959'.260 E Kegnaes

from there a straight line to 36. 5449'.160 N 956'.440 E Danish-German maritime boundary

TABLE C1.T67. DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: SEALAND AND THE ISLANDS SOUTH OF SEALAND DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: SEALAND AND THE ISLANDS SOUTH OF SEALAND POINT 37. LATITUDE LONGITUDE 5544'.604 N 1052'.098 E Rosnaes LOCATION

from there a straight line to 38. 5555'.169 N 1104'.738 E Sejero N

from there a straight line to 39. 5604'.210 N 1113'.299 E Sjaellands Rev redningbake

from there a straight line to 40. 5612'.312 N 1140'.551 E Hesselo NW Reef

from there a straight line to 41. 5607'.790 N 1218'.652 E Gilleleje W. Pier

from there a coastal line to 42. 5603'.114 N 1235'.540 E Kronborg NW

from there a straight line to 43. 5603'.114 N 1237'.045 E In the sea

from there a straight line to 44. 5602'.598 N 1237'.745 E In the sea

from there a straight line to 45. 5601'.698 N 1237'.749 E In the sea

from there a straight line to 46. 5600'.965 N 1236'.695 E In the Sea

from there a straight line to

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DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: SEALAND AND THE ISLANDS SOUTH OF SEALAND POINT 47. LATITUDE LONGITUDE 5600'.957 N 1236'.001 E LOCATION Snekkersten NE

from there a coastal line to 48. 5547'.246 N 1235'.813 E Taarbaek Harbour

from there a straight line to 49. 5547'.078 N 1240'263 E Taarbaek Reef

from there a straight line to 50. 5541'.915 N 1250'.747 E In the sea

from there a straight line to 51. 5540'.210 N 1246'.560 E Islet off Saltholm

from there a straight line to 52. 5537'.245 N 1248'.909 E Svaneklapper N

from there a straight line to 53. 5536'.858 N 1249'.061 E Svaneklapper S

from there a straight line to 54. 5536'.047 N 1249'.356 E Sondre Flint

from there a straight line to 55. 5535'.326 N 1246'.618 E Peberholm

from there a straight line to 56. 5532'.180 N 1242'.697 E Drogden Light

from there a straight line to 57. 5530'.930 N 1235'.530 E In the Sea

from there a straight line to 58. 5519'.808 N 1227'.298 E Mandehoved

from there a coastal line to 59. 5517'.419 N 1227'.284 E Stevns

from there a staight line to 60. 5500'.467 N 1231'.309 E Hellehavn Nakke

from there a coastal line to 61. 5456'.697 N 1232'.242 E Mon Lighthouse SW

from there a straight line to 62. 5450'.031 N 1209'.940 E Hestehoved

from there a straight line to 63. 5433'.749 N 1158'.390 E Gedser Odde SE

from there a coastal line to

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DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: SEALAND AND THE ISLANDS SOUTH OF SEALAND POINT 64. LATITUDE LONGITUDE 5433'.549 N 1158'.150 E LOCATION Gedser Odde S

from there a straight line to 65. 5433'.718 N 1152'.231 E Rodsand S

from there a straight line to 66. 5435'.655 N 1130'.313 E Hyllekrog

from there a coastal line to 67. 5450'.230 N 1057'.914 E Albuen

from there a straight line to 68. 5453'.329 N 1100'.936 E Tars NW

from there a coastal line to 69. 5454'.094 N 1102'.095 E Korsnakke

from there a straight line to 70. 5509'.588 N 1107'.990 E Omo W

from there a straight line to 71. 5520'.817 N 1105'.548 E Halsskov

from there a straight line to 72. 5528'.439 N 1104'.357 E Musholm SW

from there a straight line to 73. 5530'.905 N 1104'.825 E Reerso SW

from there a straight line to 74. 5539'.808 N 1056'.005 E Asnaes

from there a straight line to 37. 5544'.604 N 1052'.098 E Rosnaes

TABLE C1.T68. DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: LAESO DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: LAESO POINT 75. LATITUDE LONGITUDE 5721'.874 N 1055'.979 E LOCATION Nordre Ronner N

from there a straight line to 76. 5719'.418 N 1111'.791 E Syrodde

from there a coastal line to 77. 5717'.097 N 1111'.621 E Bloden Hale

from there a straight line to

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DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: LAESO POINT 78. LATITUDE LONGITUDE 5712'.328 N 1102'.226 E LOCATION Hornfiskron SE

from there a coastal line to 79. 5711'.989 N 1059'.735 E Hornfiskron SW

from there a straight line to 80. 5712'.640 N 1057'.318 E Als Dyb Holme

from there a straight line to 81. 574'.234 N 1053'.666 E Stokken S

from there a coastal line to 82. 5715'.930 N 1051'.415 E Stokken N

from there a straight line to 83. 5721'.287 N 1054'.085 E Bordfeld

from there a straight line to 84. 5721'.695 N 1055'.354 E Norde Ronner NW

from there a straight line to 75. 5721'.874 N 1055'.979 E Nordre Ronner N

TABLE C1.T69. DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CHRISTIANSO DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CHRISTIANSO POINT 85. LATITUDE LONGITUDE 5519'.848 N 1510'.490 E Tat N LOCATION

from there a straight line to 86. 5519'.424 N 1511'.438 E Rock N of Christianso

from there a straight line to 87. 5519'.391 N 1511'.491 E Christianso NE

from there a straight line to 88. 5519'.123 N 1511'.845 E Osterskaer NE

from there a straight line to 89. 5519'.094 N 1511'.842 E Osterskaer SE

from there a straight line to 90. 5519'.070 N 1511'.804 E Osterskaer SW

from there a straight line to 91. 5519'.036 N 1511'.361 E Christianso S

from there a coastal line to

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DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: CHRISTIANSO POINT 92. LATITUDE LONGITUDE 5519'.041 N 1511'.274 E LOCATION Christianso SW

from there a straight line to 93. 5519'.390 N 1510'.521 E Graesholm SW

from there a straight line to 94. 5519'.473 N 1510'.455 E Graesholm W

from there a straight line to 95. 5519'.760 N 1510'.430 E Rock SW of Tat

from there a straight line to 96. 5519'.796 N 1510'.432 E Rock W of Tat

from there a straight line to 97. 5519'.819 N 1510'.439 E Tat W

from there a coastal line to 85. 5519'.848 N 1510'.490 E Tat N

DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: BORNHOLM The coastal line. TABLE C1.T70. DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ANHOLT DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ANHOLT POINT The coastal line. In the Skagerak and the northern part of the Kattegat between Skagen and Sweden, the outer limit of the territorial sea shall be drawn as straight geodetic lines between the following points 1. 2. 3. 5756'.627 N 5747'.070 N 5744'.159 N 1043'.302 E 1058'.518 E 1101'.213 E LATITUDE LONGITUDE

In the waters between Laeso and Sweden, the outer limit of the territorial sea shall be drawn as straight geodetic lines between the following points: 4. 5. 6. 5731'.666 N 5725'.688 N 5711'.085 N 1113'.178 E 1118'.858 E 1130'.734 E

In the waters between Anholt and Sweden, the outer limit of the territorial sea shall be drawn as straight geodetic lines between the following points: 7. 8. 5656'.069 N 5645'.267 N 1142'.802 E 1150'.758 E

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DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ANHOLT POINT 9. LATITUDE 5635'.452 N LONGITUDE 1154'.747 E

In the southern part of the Kattegat between Sealand and Sweden, the outer limit of the territorial sea shall be drawn as straight geodetic lines between the following points: 10. 11. 12. 13. 5622'.308 N 5616'.917 N 5611'.045 N 5612'.878 N 1159'.715 E 1201'.987 E 1220'.493 E 1222'.103 E

In the Samso Belt and the northern part of the Great Belt, the outer limit of the territorial sea shall be drawn as straight geodetic lines between the following points: 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 5618'.602 N 5555'.800 N 5554'.800 N 5554'.250 N 5550'.300 N 5548'.700 N 5546'.800 N 5545'.500 N 5539'.700 N 5542'.500 N 5544'.000 N 5545'.000 N 5546'.333 N 5556'.500 N 5605'.800 N 5606'.700 N 5608'.200 N 5622'.858 N 1115'.985 E 1053'.000 E 1052'.600 E 1051'.800 E 1045'.000 E 1043'.800 E 1043'.700 E 1042'.533 E 1042'.400 E 1048'.000 E 1046'.917 E 1046'.800 E 1047'.600 E 1100'.000 E 1108'.900 E 1110'.300 E 1115'.167 E 1130'.344 E

In the Baltic Sea between Sealand and Sweden, the outer limit of the territorial sea shall be drawn as straight geodetic lines between the following points: 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 5520'.200 N 5519'.500N 5513'.400 N 5508'.300 N 5506'.718 N 1238'.448 E 1235'.400 E 1236'.200 E 1243'.350 E 1251'.912 E

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DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ANHOLT POINT LATITUDE LONGITUDE

In the western part of the Baltic Sea, including the southern parts of the Great Belt and the Little Belt, the outer limit of the territorial sea shall be drawn as straight geodetic lines between the following points: 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 5449'.006 N 5448'.300 N 5437'.600 N 5436'.400 N 5431'.500 N 5428'.100 N 5427'.300 N 5427'.300 N 5427'.100 N 5433'.250 N 5435'.400 N 5436'.400 N 5438'.050 N 5439'.800 N 5440'.400 N 5442'.500 N 5445'.350 N 5444'.833 N 5443'.500 N 5442'.000 N 5441'.100 N 5440'.400 N 5438'.550 N 5434'.600 N 5434'.467 N 5438'.667 N 5444'.000 N 5446'.750 N 5448'.800 N 5450'.700 N 5451'.200 N 5445'.567 N 1248'.261 E 1241'.600 E 1214'.400 E 1213'.000 E 1209'.700 E 1208'700 E 1203'.800 E 1200'.000 E 1147'.700 E 1126'.800 E 1121'.800 E 1117'.800 E 1115'.300 E 1108'.000 E 1100'.000 E 1054'.300 E 1054'.000 E 1049'.700 E 1049'.000 E 1047'.300 E 1045'.500 E 1045'.250 E 1049'.500 E 1042'.900 E 1040'.200 E 1025'.200 E 1019'.250 E 1016'.250 E 1015'.000 E 1015'.000 E 1012'.000 E 1012'.000 E

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DENMARK STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ANHOLT POINT LATITUDE LONGITUDE

Point 68 will be finally determined following consultations with Germany. In the Baltic Sea between Bornholm and Sweden, the outer limit of the territorial sea shall be drawn as straight geodetic lines between the following points: 69. 70. 71. 5508'.634 N 5516'.800 N 5529'.613 N 1420'.586 E 1431'.593 E 1451'.194 E

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DENMARK DEPENDENCIES
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA May 63 Royal Ordinance No. 191 3nm Greenland. Dec 76 May 99 Royal Ordinance No. 599 Act No. 200 3nm Faroe Islands.

Specifically excludes Greenland and Faroe Islands from extension to 12nm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 77 Royal Ordinance No. 599 Straight baselines (Faroe Islands). STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS These straight baseline claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested these claims and conducted operational assertions in 1991. Jan 77 Executive Order No. 629 Straight baselines (southern part of Greenland).

Straight baselines (northern part of Greenland). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 77 Decree No. 598 200nm Fishing zone (Faroe Islands). Jan 77 May 80 Executive Order No. 629 Executive Order No. 176 200nm 200nm Fishing zone (southern part of Greenland). . Fishing zone (northern part of Greenland).

May 80

Executive Order No. 176

Aug 81 Executive Order No. 437 Amends Greenland fishing limits. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Mar 74 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Canada (for Greenland) EIF. See LIS No. 72. June 80 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Norway (between Faroe Islands and Norway) EIF. Established boundary for fishing zones and continental shelf between Greenland and Jan Mayen (Norway). Agreement with Norway on fishing zones and continental shelf between Greenland and Jan Mayen not covered by ICJ Decision. Protocol amending same in 1997. Continental shelf boundary agreement between Denmark, local government of Greenland, and Iceland regarding continental shelf and fishery zone boundaries between Greenland and Iceland.

June 93

ICJ Decision

Dec 95

Agreement and Protocol

Nov 97

Agreement

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GREENLAND The following is extracted from Executive Order No. 629 on the Fishing Territory of Greenland of 22 December 1976. In the context of establishment of the fishery zone off Greenland, the Kingdom of Denmark has established straight base-lines from which the fishery zone and territorial sea are measured. Pursuant to Article 1 of Law No. 597 of December 17, 1976 on the Fishing Territory of the Kingdom of Denmark, it is provided: Article 1 1. The fishing territory of Greenland shall comprise on the West coast as far as 75 North and on the East coast as far as 67 North, in addition to internal waters, an area of water which is bounded by a line (fishery limit) running at a distance of 200 nautical miles (1 nautical mile = 1852 metres) from the baselines referred to in Article 2. 2. The boundary of the fishing territory in relation to Canada as far as 75 North, shall, where that country's coasts are less than 400 nautical miles from Greenland, be a series of geodesic lines between the following points: [113 points are then specified. With the exception of Point 1 (the co-ordinates of which are 6124.7' North, 5716.3' West), these 113 points are the same as the first 113 points forming the continental shelf boundary between Greenland and Canada, as provided in Article II of the Agreement between Denmark and Canada relating to the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between Greenland and Canada.] 3. From Point 113 the fishery limit shall be the line of latitude between the following points: 113 7500'00 N and 7316.3' W; 113a 7500'00 N, and 5948.0' W 4. The boundary of the fishing territory in relation to Iceland, where that country's coasts are less than 400 nautical miles from Greenland, shall, in the absence of a special agreement, be the line every point of which is equidistant from the specified points on the baselines along the coasts of the countries concerned (median line) as far as 67 North, and from there shall be the line of latitude running to 6700'00 North, 3250.6' West. Article 2 The straight baselines (compass lines) or coast-lines, which in accordance with Article 1 are to be used for measuring the fishery limit, shall be drawn between the following points (the low water mark at mean Spring tide) in the order specified: TABLE C1.T72. WEST GREENLAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM WEST GREENLAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT Point 1. LOCATION Southernmost island in the group of islands south-south-west of Cape Farewell Island south of Kulusuk Naujat Qeqertat Island 2.5 nm south of Thorstein Islaender Island 2.0 nm south of Thorstein Islaender Island 1.5 nm west-southwest of Thorstein Islaender Island 1.5 nm west of Thorstein Islaender Semersut umanarssua Qioqe LATITUDE 5943.2' N LONGITUDE 4400.7' W

Point 2. Point 3. Point 4. Point 5. Point 6. Point 7. Point 8. Point 9. Point 10.

5950.7' N 5958.6'N 6034.7'N 6043.3'N 6043.8'N 6045.1'N 6045.9'N 6114.6'N 6131.4'N

4459.5' W 4521.9'W 4734.9'W 4824.9'W 4826.6'W 4829.1'W 4829.6'W 4857.4'W 4923.0'W

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WEST GREENLAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT Point 11. Point 12. Point 13. Point 14. Point 15. Point 16. Point 17. Point 18. Point 19. Point 20. Point 21. Point 22. Point 23. Point 24. Point 25. Point 26. Point 27. Point 28. Point 29. Point 30. Point 31. Point 32. Point 33. Point 34. Point 35. Point 36. Point 37. Point 38. Point 39. LOCATION Frederikshab Umanak (Qajaerserfik) Frederikshab Qioqe (Varde) Ikermiut Island 1 nm southwest of Tulugartalik Sndre Kitdlit South-westernmost island of the Hellefiske Islands Kitdlit Dry rock about 2.3 nm south-south-west of Qilangaussua Kook Islands Kook Islands Southernmost island about 1.5 nm southwest of Qagssup Igdlua Avatdlerparssuaq Southernmost island west of Qerralik Northernmost island west of Qerralik Ikerasagtut Ikardlugssuaq Qagssit Kitsigsut Kingigtut Kitdliat Blaafjeld (Uivfag) Ingigssuaq Nordre Laksebugt's northernmost point Westernmost point of Kingigtup gaga Jernpynten (Navssap nua) Hareen (Navdluarssuraussaq) Narssaq Sigguk (Svartenhuk) Tikerarssauq (Dark Head) LATITUDE 6145.0'N 6156.0'N 6223.2'N 6228.3'N 6242.5'N 6302.2'N 6308.3'N 6322.8'N 6359.6'N 6400.1'N 6424.8'N 6530.4'N 6603.6'N 6604.6'N 6613.5'N 6625.8'N 6659.6'N 6747.1'N 6800.8'N 6816.9'N 6922.3'N 6936.3'N 6939.0'N 6942.9'N 6950.1'N 7026.7'N 7127.8'N 7141.3'N 7208.3'N LONGITUDE 4937.4'W 4948.9'W 5016.1'W 5021.5'W 5033.8'W 5100.0'W 5110.4'W 5123.9'W 5211.3'W 5211.8'W 5220.0'W 5315.9'W 5340.7'W 5341.2'W 5348.1'W 5355.5'W 5408.1'W 5358.6'W 53.52.5'W 5345.9'W 5414.4'W 5449.1'W 5450.0'W 5459.2'W 5456.1'W 5502.8'W 5529.8'W 5552.3'W 5604.0'W

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WEST GREENLAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT Point 40. Point 41. Point 42. Point 43. Point 44. Point 45. Point 46. Point 47. Point 48. Nunaguit (Smalandene) Kingigtortagdlit Southernmost point of Edderfugle Islands Westernmost point of Edderfugle Islands Qutdleq Westernmost Sabine Island Bushman Island Cape York Conical Rock's south-westernmost point LOCATION LATITUDE 7246.3'N 7302.0'N 7401.0'N 7402.3'N 7439.9'N 7529.8'N 7557.4'N 7554.4'N 7604.8'N LONGITUDE 5638.1'W 5656.0'W 5750.0'W 5751.1'W 5757.8'W 6014.0'W 6500.9'W 6629.3'W 6843.0'W

Between Points 33 and 34 the baseline is the coast-line.

TABLE C1.T73. EAST GREENLAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM EAST GREENLAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT Point 1. Point 2. Point 3. Point 4. Point 5. Point 6. Point 7. Point 8. Point 9. Point 10. Point 11. Point 12. Point 13. Point 14. Point 15. Point 16. LOCATION Southernmost island in the group of islands south-south-west of Cape Farewell Island about 2.6 nm south of Avalernga South-easternmost point of the southernmost island eastsouth-east of Cape Hoppe Easternmost point of the above island Easternmost point of the northernmost island east-south-east of Cape Hoppe South-easternmost point of the island1.5 nm east of Qagssit North-easternmost point of the island1.5 nm east of Qagssit Island 1.9 nautical miles east-northeast of Qagssit South-easternmost point of the island about 2 nm east of Aluk Easternmost island north-east of Cape Discord Qutdleg Umanarssuk South-easternmost point of Griffenfeld Island Easternmost Island off Cape Skjold Qertartivaq Tvillinge Islands (off Cape Msting) LATITUDE 5943.2'N 5945.4'N 5955.3'N 5955.4'N 5955.4'N 6001.0'N 6001.3'N 6001.8'N 6009.4'N 6053.3'N 6132.4'N 6149.6'N 6251.9'N 6306.2'N 6332.1'N 6341.1'N LONGITUDE 4400.7'W 4347.2'W 4310.9'W 4310.7'W 4310.6'W 4303.1'W 4302.9'W 4302.6'W 4258.8'W 4237.3'W 4213.7'W 4202.0'W 4130.0'W 4110.7'W 4039.5'W 4030.6'W

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EAST GREENLAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT Point 17. Point 18. Point 19. Point 20. Point 21. Point 22. Point 23. Point 24. Point 25. Point 26. Point 27. Point 28. Point 29. Point 30. Point 31. Point 32. Umivita Qertartip Saliaqita Island about 3 nautical miles east-south-east of Cape Dan Easternmost Kitsigsit Island Uigertertivit South-west limit of Wahl Fjord Nagsigpik Nanortalik Island about 1.75 nm east of Cape S.M. Jrgensen Lille Tindholm Pagtulajivit Point 1.5 nm west of Cape I.C. Jacobsen Cape I.C. Jacobsen Nunap Isua Cape Nansen Cape Vedel LOCATION LATITUDE 6420.0'N 6459.7'N 6529.1'N 6533.6'N 6544.5'N 6619.3'N 6621.3'N 6635.5'N 6645.5'N 6654.5'N 6736.1'N 6805.3'N 6805.6'N 6807.5'N 6813.1'N 6828.9'N LONGITUDE 4011.7'W 3943.1'W 3703.3'W 3635.9'W 3608.1'W 3447.4'W 3442.3'W 3412.7'W 3352.6'W 3334.9'W 3230.1'W 3034.3'W 3030.0'W 3010.9'W 2924.5'W 2737.1'W

Between Points 3 and 4, 6 and 7 and 28 and 29 the baseline is the coast-line.

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DJIBOUTI
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 79 Law 52/AN/78 12nm Nuclear-powered vessels and vessels carrying nuclear or other radioactive material must give prior notification. Law does not modify "international rules of navigation" in strait of Bab al Mandeb. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1989 and conducted operational assertions in 1998-2000. May 85 Law 59 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 79 Law 52/AN/78 Established closing lines for the Gulf of STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Tadjoura. HISTORIC CLAIMS May 85 Decree No. 85-048 Established straight baselines for Seba Islands. These straight baseline claims are excessive and are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claims in 1989 and conducted operational assertions in 1992, 1995 and 1997. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jan 79 Law 52/AN/78 24nm May 85 Law 59 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 79 Law 52/AN/78 200nm EEZ. May 85 Law 59 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Jan 79 Law 52/AN/78 Claimed exclusive jurisdiction to prevent REGULATION and control pollution within EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Oct 91 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are extracts from Decree No. 85-048 of the Council of Ministers of 5 May 1985. The straight baselines which are used as a basis for the determination of the breadth of the territorial sea are drawn as follows on the charts of the French Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service....

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TABLE C1.T74. DJIBOUTI STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM THE SEBA ISLANDS (MAP NO. 6329, PUBLISHED IN 1961) TANGENT ORIGINATING AT POINT D POINT D. COORDINATES M - 4315.22 East L - 1232.10 North To the low tide water mark on the islands of Siyyan Himar and Kadda Dabali, respectively; E. M - 4317.90 East L - 1231.20 North F. M - 4325.80 East L - 1228.50 North Tangent originating at point F above, to the low tide water mark on the island of Rhounda Komaytou at point: G. M - 4327.22 East L - 1226.68 North From point G above, to the low tide water mark Khor Angar at point: H. M - 4321.88 East L - 1222.62 North THE TADJOURAH GULF (Ref: Law No. 52/AN/78) A (North point of the mouth of Dalley Wadi): B (Musha Island lighthouse): M - 4305.10 East L - 1150.30 North M - 4312.75 East L - 1143.80 North C (South point of the mouth of Aatar Wadi): M - 4315.50 East L - 1130.20 North

Article II Outside of the above prescribed segments, measured from their intersection with the low tide water mark, the baseline from which the width of territorial waters is measured is the low tide water mark along the coast and around islands, sand bars and mud banks within those territorial waters. U.S. ANALYSIS The following analysis of Djibouti's straight baseline system is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 113, "Straight Baseline Claims: Djibouti and Oman" of 22 April 1992. From the straight baselines and the Gulf of Tadjoura closing lines Djibouti measures its 12 nm territorial sea. Along the remaining coastline the territorial sea is measured from the normal baseline (the low-water line). The Gulf of Tadjoura is closed by two lines, A-B (9.9 nm) and B-C (13.9 nm), which extend from two points on the mainland to Isles Moucho. A closing line that would better delimit the waters of the Gulf as a juridical bay would be from point A to a point on the coast near the city of Djibouti. As claimed, the closing lines incorporate, in part, waters associated with the Gulf of Aden rather than the Gulf of Tadjoura.

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The straight baselines connect the mainland to several of the Seba Islands which are situated off Djibouti's northeast coast at the southern entrance to Bab el Mandeb and the Red Sea. The seaward-most island, named Kadd Dabali in the Decree on which basepoint F is located, is about 7 miles from the mainland and about 10 miles from Yemen's Perim Island situated across the entrance to Bab el Mandeb. Djibouti's mainland coast, in the vicinity of the Seba Islands, is smooth with some attached fringing coral reefs and, from the land boundary with [Eritrea], runs in a generally southeast direction. The approximately six small islands that comprise the Seba group run virtually perpendicular to the mainland coastline. As such, the islands do not fringe the coast, one of the prerequisites under Article 7 of the LOS Convention, for a state to claim straight baselines. TABLE C1.T75. DJIBOUTI STRAIGHT BASELINES: U.S. ANALYSIS DISTANCES BETWEEN RESPECTIVE BASEPOINTS SEGMENT D-E E-F F-G G-H LENGTH (NM) 2.8 8.2 3.1 6.0

The straight baselines do not have any impact on the drawing of Djibouti's territorial sea. Due to the close proximity of Yemen across the entrance to Bab el Mandeb, Djibouti's territorial sea in this direction will be less than 12 miles as a territorial sea boundary is required. To the south of the islands, Djibouti's mainland coast affects the 12-mile limit instead of baseline segment G-H. The straight baseline system does incorporate approximately 32 square (sq.) nautical miles (110 sq. kilometers) of water area as internal waters that, absent the straight baselines, would be territorial sea.

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DOMINICA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 81 Territorial Sea, 12nm Recognized rights of innocent passage of Contiguous Zone, foreign warships and overflight of aircraft. Exclusive Economic & Fishery Zones Act No. 26 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 81 Act No. 26 Enabling legislation for straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 81 Act No. 26 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 81 Act No. 26 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 88 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with France (Guadeloupe and Martinique) EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Mar 83 Signed Convention. Oct 91 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Sep 67 Law No. 186 6nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 52 Law No. 3342 Samana, Ocoa, and Neiba Bays claimed STRAIGHT BASELINES, & as historic bays. HISTORIC CLAIMS Sep 67 Law No. 186 Established straight baselines; claimed Escocesa and Santo Domingo Bays as historic bays; also enclosed Yuma, Andres, Ocoa, and Ensenada de los Aguilas Bays. These claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertions against these claims in 1987, 1991, and 1992. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 77 Law No. 573 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Sep 67 Law No. 186 1958 DEF 200nm or CM _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 77 Law No. 573 200nm EEZ. Provides coordinates for outer limits of EEZ (based on 1967 baselines). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 79 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Colombia EIF. See LIS No. 105. Jan 82 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Venezuela EIF. Apr 77 Law No. 573

Agreement with the UK (Turks and Caicos) signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention; never ratified. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from Act No. 186 of September 1967 on the Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf. Article 1 The territorial sea of the Dominican Republic shall comprise the sea area adjacent to its coasts, and to the coasts of the islands over which the Dominican Republic exercises sovereignty, and extending from the low-water line or from the straight baselines, as the case may be, to a distance of six miles seawards. Article 2 The bays of Manzanillo, comprising the coastal area lying between the median line of the mouth of the River Massacre or Dajabon and Punta Manzanillo; Rincon, between Cabo Cabron and Cabo Samana; Samana, between Cabo Samana and Cabo San Rafel; Yuma, between Punta Espada and Punta Aljibe; Andres, between Punta Magdalena and Cabo Caucedo; Ocoa, between Punta Salinas and Punta Martin Garcia; Neiba, between Punta Martin Garcia and Punta Averena; and Aguilas, between Cabo Falso and Cabo Rojo, are bays according to the traditional geographical definition of the term, hence the waters lying within the straight lines joining the points which delimit them are internal waters and as such under the full sovereignty of the State.

Aug 96

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Paragraph 1. The bay of Santo Domingo, comprising the coastal area between Punto Palenque and Cabo Caucedo, and the bay of Escocesa, between Cabo Frances Viejo and Cabo Cabron, are declared to be historic bays. Accordingly, the waters lying within the straight baselines passing through the points which delimit them are internal waters and under the full sovereignty of the State. Paragraph 2. The territorial waters adjacent to the bays of Santo Domingo and Escocesa and other bays and portions of internal waters shall be measured seawards from the straight baselines joining the points which delimit them. U.S. ANALYSIS Following is an analysis of bay closing lines (8) and historic waters (2) claims that were included in Law No. 186 passed by the Government of the Dominican Republic on 7 September 1967. The analysis is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 5, "Straight Baselines: Dominican Republic" of 25 January 1970. The straight baseline segments have been plotted on large scale hydrographic charts. From these, the following analyses have been made: TABLE C1.T76. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS POINTS Massacre R. - Punta Manzanillo LENGTH 3.5 COMMENTS Point of origin is the terminal of the Haiti boundary. Enclosed Manzanillo Bay meets legal requirements of a bay. Escocesa Bay is claimed as a historic bay although it was not included in UN A/CONF. 13/1. See below. Encloses a legal and geographic bay (Rincon). Enclosed waters of Samana Bay meet legal and geographical requirements of a bay. Bahia de Yuma does not meet the semicircularity requirement. The enclosed waters of Andres Bay do not meet the semi-circularity requirement. Santo Domingo Bay is claimed as a historic bay although not included in UN A/CONF. 13/1. See below. Ocoa Bay claimed as a geographic bay although it does not meet the semi-circularity requirement. Formerly claimed as a historic bay. See below. Neiba (Neyba) Bay as enclosed meets the semi-circularity requirement. Claimed earlier as a historic bay. Ensenada de los Aguilas as enclosed does not meet the semi-circularity requirement.

Cape Viejo Frances - Cape Cabron

45.0

Cape Cabron - Cape Samana Cape Samana - Cape Raphael Punta Espado - Punta Aljibe Punta Magdalena - Cape Caucedo Cape Caucedo - Punto Palenque

4.9 21.4 13.6 6.7 31.7

Punta Salinas - Punta Martin Garcia

22.7

Punta Martin Garcia - Punta Avarena

8.2

Cabo Falso - Cabo Rojo

7.8

Total distance:

165.5

The ten straight baseline segments have a total length of 165.5 nautical miles and they cover approximately fifty per cent of the Dominican coastline. According to the law, eight of the straight baseline segments enclose geographic bays, four of which--Yuma, Andres, Ocoa and Aguilas--however, do not meet the semicircularity requirements of a legal bay. The final two coastal indentations are claimed as historic bays. In contrast, in Memorandum Concerning Historic Bays (Preparatory Document No. 1) by the Secretariat of the United Nations for the U.N. Conference on the Law of the Sea (A/CONF. 13/1 20 September 1957), three bays--Samana, Ocoa and Neyba (Neiba)--are listed as

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"historic bays." The source for this declaration is Dominican Act No. 3342 of 13 July 1952 as quoted in Laws and Regulations on the Regime of the Territorial Sea (ST/LEG/SER.B/6, p.ll). All three bays are claimed in the 1967 legislation as geographic bays. Two of the bays have closing lines longer than 10 but shorter than 24 nautical miles while the third, Neiba, has a bay closing line of only 8.2 nautical miles. The legislation of 1967, however, adds the "bights" of Escocesa and Santo Domingo as "historic bays"; the 1952 legislation, in contrast, does not include them within Dominican historic waters. Ocoa Bay, claimed in the 1967 legislation to meet the requirements of a bay, which it does not, was stated in the earlier law to be a historic bay. Presumably, Ocoa retains this status although it fails the legal definition as a bay. The following is extracted from Act No. 573 of 1 April 1977 amending Act No. 186 of 13 September 1967 on the Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf. Article 4 There shall be established a zone situated outside the territorial sea and adjacent to it known as the "Exclusive Economic Zone". (1) The "Exclusive Economic Zone" shall extend in the direction of the high seas up to 200 nautical miles measured from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. The limits of the zone shall be established by a broken line beginning at the first boundary mark on our frontier with the neighbouring Republic of Haiti, at the mouth of the River Masacre or Dajabn and passing through points whose geographical positions are as follows: TABLE C1.T77. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC EEZ COORDINATES POINT A B C D E F G H I J K L M N1 N2 O P Q R LATITUDE NORTH River Masacre boundary 19 50 30 20 33 30 20 36 20 33 20 34 30 20 44 30 21 11 30 22 23 30 21 49 18 33 20 18 29 30 18 21 40 18 06 16 08 30 15 18 15 02 16 50 17 49 7 27 02 72 08 20 71 38 71 27 71 08 30 70 23 30 69 29 67 45 67 24 67 44 67 47 30 68 07 68 15 30 68 00 21 69 29 30 73 27 30 72 49 72 05 30 LONGITUDE WEST

Final point S is the last boundary mark on border with Haiti, at Pedernales, to meet with the last boundary mark on the border with Haiti at the mouth of the River Pedernales.

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EAST TIMOR (Timor-Leste)

A former Portuguese colony and then a province of Indonesia, East Timor was officially recognized in May 2002 as an independent nation. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA May 2002 Law No. 7/2002, Maritime 12nm Borders of the Territory of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, May 2002 Law No. 7/2002 Low-water mark; enabling legislation for STRAIGHT BASELINES, & straight baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE May 2002 Law No. 7/2002 24nm . _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF May 2002 Law No. 7/2002 200nm Or by outer edge of continental margin, where applicable. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 2002 Law No. 7/2002 200nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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ECUADOR
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Nov 66 Decree No. 1542 (codified 200nm Claims territorial sea of 200nm and the at Civil Code, Book II, airspace above as national property. Title III, Art. 628) This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1967, 1986 and 1992 and conducted operational assertions in 1979, 1980, 1985-87, 19891994, 1999 and 2000. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 71 Supreme Decree No. 959Established straight baselines for STRAIGHT BASELINES, & A mainland and Galapagos (repeals earlier HISTORIC CLAIMS law regarding mainland. Baselines around Galapagos had been inferred since 1950). These straight baseline claims are not recognized by the U.S. See LIS No. 42. U.S. protested claims in 1986. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Feb 51 Legislative Decree 200m Sep 85 Presidential Proclamation Extended continental shelf out 100nm beyond the 2,500 isobath along undersea Carnegie Mountain range to include Galapagos Archipelago.

This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1986. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Mar 69 Law of Fishing & Fishing 200nm Fishing zone. Development _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 75 Joint Declaration of Aug Joint declaration with Chile and Peru 52 delimiting general maritime zone of not less than 200nm from coast. See LIS No. 88. Dec 75 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Colombia EIF. See LIS No. 69.

Maritime boundary agreement with Costa Rica signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from Supreme Decree No. 959-A of 28 June 1971, prescribing straight baselines for the measurement of the territorial sea. The Ecuadorian straight baseline system, consisting of geographic reference points, includes five points (four segments) along the continental coastline and eight points (eight segments) around the Galapagos Islands (Archipelago de Colon). WHEREAS, article 628 of the Civil Code establishes that the Ecuadoran territorial sea shall be measured, in both the continental territory of the Republic and the Galapagos Islands, from the straight base lines which will be determined for this purpose under an Executive Decree; and WHEREAS, a Commission composed of representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Relations, the Navy and the Military Geographic Institute has studied the plotting of such lines and determined their trajectory; and

Mar 85

Agreement

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WHEREAS, such study has been approved by the Ministry of Foreign Relations and the Ministry of National Defense on the grounds that it is in the national interest and fully conforms to the rules of international law which are in force on the matter, It is decreed: Article 1 The straight base lines from which the width of the territorial sea of the Republic shall be measured will be constituted by the followingdescribed traverses: I. On the Continent (a) The line will start from the point of intersection of the maritime border with Colombia with the straight line Punta Manglares (Colombia) Punta Galera (Ecuador); (b) From this point a straight line passing through Punta Galera and meeting the northernmost point of Isla de la Plata; (c) From this point a straight line to Puntilla de Santa Elena; (d) A straight line from Puntilla de Santa Elena in the direction of Cabo Blanco (Peru) to the intersection with the geographic parallel constituting the maritime border with Peru. II. In the Galapagos Islands (a) From Islote Darwin a straight line to the northeastern tip of Isla Pinta; (b) A straight line to the northernmost point of Isla Genovesa; (c) A straight line passing through Punta Valdizan, Isla San Cristobal, and intersecting the northern extension of the straight line joining the south-eastern tip of Isla Espanola to Punta Pitt, Isla San Cristobal; (d) A straight line from this intersection to the southeastern tip of Isla Espanola; (e) A straight line to Punta Sur, Isla Santa Maria; (f) A straight line passing through the southeastern tip of Isla Isabela, near Punta Essex, and intersecting the southern extension of the line joining the outermost projecting point of the western coast of Isla Fernandina, approximately in its middle, with the western tip of the southern sector of Isla Isabela, in the vicinity of Punta Cristobal; (g) From this point of intersection a line passing through the western tip of the southern sector of Isla Isabela, in the vicinity of Punta Cristobal, to the outermost projecting point on the western coast of Isla Fernandina, approximately in its middle; and (h) A straight line to Isla Darwin. Article 2 The sea areas lying between the lines described in article 1 (I) and the coast line on the Continent, and within the lines described in article 1 (II), in the Galapagos Islands, constitute interior waters. U.S. ANALYSIS Following is an analysis of Ecuador's straight baseline system, extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 42, "Ecuador: Straight Baselines" of 23 May 1972. This analysis was done before the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, however the analysis uses the same criteria later adopted at UNCLOS and thus remains valid. The straight baseline system consists of 13 points; 5 on or near the mainland, and 8 around the Galapagos Islands. The total length of all the straight baselines is 897 nautical miles. The longest segment, 136 nautical miles, connects Punta Galera (Point 2) and Isla de la Plata (Point 3). The shortest baseline, 37 nautical miles, connects Isla Isabela (Point 12) and Isla Fernandina (Point 13). The average length of the straight baseline segments is 74.8 nautical miles.

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SUMMARY The entire system of Ecuadorean straight baselines is questionable, based upon accepted international legal practices and on criteria established at the 1958 Geneva Law of the Sea Conference. The mainland coast is not deeply indented and cut into, and it is not an accepted principle of customary international law that baselines can be constructed around archipelagos. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT ECUADOR - PERU The following excerpt from an agreement between the governments of Ecuador and Peru, and the analysis which follows, are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 88, "Maritime Boundary: Ecuador-Peru" of 2 October 1979. IV The maritime zone of an island or group of islands belonging to one declarant country and situated less than 200 nautical miles from the general maritime zone of another declarant country shall be bounded by the parallel of latitude drawn from the point of which the land frontier between the two countries reaches the sea. U.S. ANALYSIS The Ecuador-Peru maritime boundary and the special maritime frontier zone are illustrated on the map [attached to LIS No. 88]. According to the 1952 Declaration on the Maritime Zone, the maritime boundary extends seaward on the parallel of latitude of the seaward terminus of the land boundary. Hito, or pillar, No. 1, established by the Rio de Janeiro Protocol in 1942 and demarcated by the Ecuador-Peru Mixed Demarcation Commission, is situated at Boca de Capones at 323'33.96"S., 8019'16"W. There seems to be some question as to whether this point defines the latitude of the maritime boundary. An aide-memoire received by the United States Government from the Ecuadorean Government described the boundary in the following manner: The de jure boundary line between Ecuador and Peru begins in the mouth of the Tumbes River in the Pacific Ocean. Consequently, the parallel which by law should serve as the maritime boundary between Ecuador and Peru has the following latitudinal coordinates: 323'33.96"S. The de facto maritime boundary which corresponds to the Boca Capones parallel, the point at which the 1942 line reaches the sea has the following coordinates: 313'33.96"S.

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EGYPT
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 58 Pres. Order No. 180/1958 12nm Extended from 6nm. Aug 83 Declaration upon Ratification of 1982 LOS Convention 12nm Reaffirmed 12nm territorial sea; warships, nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear and other inherently dangerous and noxious substances require prior authorization for innocent passage. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1985 and conducted operational assertions in 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000 and 2001. Oct 95 Declaration to Basel Convention Foreign ships carrying hazardous or other wastes required to obtain prior permission for passage through territorial sea.

This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jan 51 Royal Decree, Article 6 General language establishing straight ARCHIPELAGIC, STRAIGHT BASELINES, & baselines. Bay of el-Arab claimed as an historic bay. HISTORIC CLAIMS Jan 90 Pres. Decree No. 27/1990 Established straight baselines.

These claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claims in 1991 and conducted operational assertions in 1996 and 1997. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Feb 58 Presidential Order No. 18nm Claims security jurisdiction. 180/1958 Aug 83 Declaration upon Ratification of 1982 LOS Convention 24nm Incorporates 1958 Presidential Order by reference, thus reiterating claimed security jurisdiction.

This claim is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Sep 58 Presidential Decision No. 1958 1051 DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 83 Declaration upon 200nm EEZ. Ratification of 1982 LOS Convention _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Oct 95 Declaration to Basel Vessels carrying hazardous or other REGULATION Convention wastes require prior permission for passage through territorial sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 2003 Agreement Established EEZ coordinates between Cyprus and Egypt. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Mar 95 Signed Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are extracts from Presidential Decree No. 27/90 of 9 January 1990 declaring Egypt's straight baselines. Article 1 The maritime areas coming under the sovereignty and rule of the Arab Republic of Egypt, including its territorial sea, shall be measured from the straight baselines connecting all the points defined by the co-ordinates referred to in article 2. Article 2 The coordinates referred to in article 1, in accordance with the geodetic datum (Mercatur projection), are: 1. In the Mediterranean Sea, in accordance with annex 1, which constitutes an inseparable part of this decree; 2. In the Red Sea, in accordance with annex 2, which constitutes an inseparable part of this Decree. Annex 1 The Mediterranean Sea TABLE C1.T78. EGYPTIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MEDITERRANEAN SEA EGYPTIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MEDITERRANEAN SEA SEQUENCE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 LATITUDE NORTH 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 40 m 34 m 30 m 30 m 38 m 36 m 31 m 27 m 24 m 22 m 12 m 12 m 14 m 06 m 30 s 24 s 56 s 12 s 00 s 18 s 18 s 12 s 30 s 12 s 36 s 00 s 48 s 12 s LONGITUDE EAST 25 d 25 d 25 d 25 d 25 d 26 d 26 d 26 d 27 d 27 d 27 d 27 d 27 d 27 d 08 m 10 m 14 m 19 m 53 m 14 m 38 m 59 m 03 m 21 m 28 m 38 m 51 m 55 m 56 s 48 s 30 s 55 s 24 s 24 s 30 s 06 s 48 s 00 s 30 s 00 s 36 s 00 s

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EGYPTIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MEDITERRANEAN SEA SEQUENCE 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 LATITUDE NORTH 31 d 31 d 30 d 30 d 30 d 30 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 05 m 03 m 58 m 54 m 50 m 59 m 01 m 08 m 12 m 12 m 19 m 21 m 30 m 30 m 27 m 36 m 36 m 35 m 33 m 26 m 29 m 32 m 32 m 30 m 20 m 18 m 03 m 08 m 13 m 13 m 14 m 13 m 12 m 11 m 30 s 18 s 30 s 54 s 36 s 54 s 48 s 54 s 00 s 36 s 12 s 42 s 18 s 00 s 18 s 00 s 00 s 12 s 42 s 42 s 30 s 06 s 06 s 18 s 42 s 12 s 54 s 56 s 12 s 48 s 12 s 36 s 00 s 06 s LONGITUDE EAST 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 30 d 30 d 30 d 30 d 30 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 32 d 32 d 32 d 32 d 33 d 33 d 33 d 33 d 33 d 33 d 25 m 35 m 49 m 54 m 00 m 23 m 31 m 47 m 51 m 52 m 02 m 06 m 21 m 22 m 28 m 01 m 07 m 11 m 16 m 36 m 45 m 52 m 54 m 57 m 06 m 20 m 34 m 55 m 04 m 06 m 08 m 13 m 20 m 23 m 48 s 24 s 56 s 52 s 00 s 48 s 00 s 18 s 42 s 30 s 54 s 24 s 18 s 42 s 18 s 42 s 00 s 24 s 12 s 00 s 18 s 00 s 12 s 24 s 42 s 30 s 12 s 36 s 00 s 12 s 42 s 18 s 30 s 54 s

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EGYPTIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MEDITERRANEAN SEA SEQUENCE 49 50 51 52 53 LATITUDE NORTH 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 31 d 07 m 07 m 11 m 14 m 19 m 06 s 42 s 54 s 36 s 24 s LONGITUDE EAST 33 d 33 d 33 d 34 d 34 d 32 m 43 m 58 m 05 m 13 m 00 s 24 s 18 s 18 s 06 s

Annex 2 The Red Sea TABLE C1.T79. EGYPTIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: RED SEA EGYPTIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: RED SEA SEQUENCE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 LATITUDE NORTH 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 29 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 29 m 29 m 26 m 25 m 22 m 22 m 20 m 18 m 13 m 11 m 10 m 09 m 02 m 00 m 59 m 58 m 58 m 56 m 55 m 51 m 50 m 44 m 36 s 00 s 12 s 26 s 36 s 00 s 30 s 18 s 24 s 48 s 24 s 36 s 12 s 42 s 18 s 30 s 10 s 42 s 54 s 42 s 48 s 03 s LONGITUDE EAST 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 54 m 52 m 50 m 49 m 48 m 47 m 46 m 44 m 44 m 44 m 42 m 41 m 40 m 41 m 41 m 40 m 38 m 38 m 38 m 38 m 37 m 37 m 18 s 12 s 48 s 48 s 12 s 18 s 36 s 24 s 30 s 00 s 48 s 30 s 12 s 03 s 10 s 48 s 56 s 12 s 42 s 48 s 42 s 36 s

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EGYPTIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: RED SEA SEQUENCE 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 LATITUDE NORTH 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 28 d 27 d 27 d 27 d 27 d 26 d 26 d 26 d 26 d 25 d 25 d 25 d 24 d 24 d 24 d 24 d 24 d 23 d 23 d 22 d 22 d 22 d 22 d 22 d 22 d 22 d 38 m 32 m 30 m 28 m 26 m 22 m 16 m 10 m 03 m 58 m 43 m 27 m 11 m 51 m 45 m 42 m 06 m 42 m 29 m 20 m 47 m 38 m 26 m 15 m 09 m 54 m 33 m 53 m 36 m 20 m 16 m 03 m 01 m 00 m 24 s 28 s 00 s 24 s 20 s 54 s 24 s 00 s 24 s 48 s 12 s 12 s 24 s 06 s 42 s 42 s 36 s 30 s 42 s 48 s 18 s 18 s 00 s 18 s 42 s 12 s 48 s 12 s 30 s 18 s 12 s 48 s 30 s 00 s LONGITUDE EAST 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 33 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 34 d 35 d 35 d 35 d 35 d 35 d 35 d 36 d 36 d 36 d 36 d 36 d 36 d 36 d 36 d 34 m 31 m 31 m 30 m 27 m 27 m 24 m 27 m 26 m 26 m 15 m 02 m 59 m 00 m 04 m 06 m 17 m 35 m 41 m 51 m 11 m 11 m 22 m 39 m 43 m 47 m 20 m 20 m 35 m 39 m 48 m 53 m 53 m 52 m 48 s 03 s 24 s 30 s 48 s 18 s 36 s 30 s 56 s 12 s 36 s 18 s 24 s 18 s 54 s 36 s 24 s 24 s 00 s 54 s 00 s 36 s 48 s 00 s 00 s 36 s 36 s 06 s 12 s 24 s 54 s 54 s 48 s 54 s

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U.S. ANALYSIS The following analysis of the Egyptian straight baseline system is extracted from Limits in the Sea, No. 116, "Straight Baseline Claims: Albania and Egypt" of 6 May 1994. The Mediterranean Egypt has created 52 continuous straight baseline segments along its Mediterranean coast. The length of the baselines range from 0.9 miles (segment 23-24) to 29.8 miles (segment 29-30) with the average length being 10.2 miles. Thirty four of the baselines are less than 12 miles in length, 14 are between 12 and 24 miles long, and 4 segments are longer than 24 miles. The Egyptian Mediterranean coastline, in the vicinity of claimed base points 1 (which is essentially the Egyptian-Libyan land boundary terminus) to 25, is neither deeply indented and cut into nor is it fringed with islands. Segments 25-26 and 26-27 enclose a body of water labeled Abu Qir Bay. However, this water body does not meet the requirements, as specified in Article 10 of the LOS Convention, of a juridical bay. The well-marked indentation of a juridical bay must have an area "as large as, or larger than, that of the semi-circle whose diameter is a line drawn across the mouth of that indentation." In this situation, the two lines that close off the bay total 19.3 miles. The area inside the line must include at least 146 square nautical miles of water to qualify as a juridical bay. Only 105 square miles of water are landward of the closing lines. Thus, the baselines in this area should be the low-water line. Continuing eastward the baseline segments connecting points 27 through 53 are situated along a coastline that is neither deeply indented nor fringed with islands. The low-water line and the pier (pt. 40) located at Port Said are the valid basepoints along this part of the coast. From the end of the pier the baseline should proceed back to the low-water and not to pt. 41. The effect of the straight baseline segments connecting points 42 through 53 on the territorial sea limit is minimal. The Red Sea (Including the Gulf of Aqaba) Along its Sinai Peninsula coastline, facing the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt has established 31 contiguous straight baseline segments. The length of the baseline segments range from 0.9 miles (segments 15-16 and 18-19) to 7.5 miles (segments 12-13). Base point 1 is situated at the land boundary terminus with Israel; point 32 is on the Sinai peninsula opposite Tiran Island. The entire coastline is relatively smooth, void of any deep indentations. There are no fringing islands in the Gulf of Aqaba. The only appropriate baseline is the low-water line. Segment 32-33, 18.2 miles in length, is drawn near the entrance to the Strait of Tiran. The segment itself is drawn in an area where the coastline has only slight curvatures, not deserving of a straight baseline segment. A small juridical bay exists near point 33. From the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt has created 24 continuous straight baseline segments, that close off the southern entrance to the Gulf of Suez, and that extend along the Red Sea coast to the Sudan boundary area. These segments range in length from 1.7 miles (segment 5556) to 40.5 miles (segment 49-50). Baseline segments 33-34, 34-35, and 35-36, from the Sinai Peninsula to the Egyptian mainland close off the southern entrance to the Gulf of Suez. This is neither a deeply indented portion of Egyptian coastline, nor would these few islands be considered to fringe the coast. In addition, making the Gulf of Suez internal waters is antithetical to the provisions of the Convention Respecting the Free Navigation of the Suez Canal, Constantinople, October 29, 1888. This Convention provides that "the Suez Maritime Canal shall always be free and open, in time of war and in time of peace, to every vessel of commerce [or] war, without distinction of flag." This was reaffirmed by Egypt in its Declaration on the Suez of April 24, 1957, and in the United Nations Security Council Resolution 118 of October 13, 1956, which provided that 'there should be free and open transit through the Canal without discrimination, overt or covert--this covers both political and technical aspects.' The southeast coast of Egypt which faces the Red Sea is quite smooth with no deep indentations. A few islands are situated off this part of the coast, but they do not constitute fringing islands. Base point 49 is situated seaward of Saint Johns Islands, about 37 miles from the nearest mainland, at point 48. Portions of segment 49-50 exceed 40 miles from the mainland coat. In addition, five segments in this area exceed 24 miles in length. Thus, the straight baseline segments created by points 36 to 56 are improper. The territorial sea should be measured from the low-water line. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT The following is extracted from the agreement between Egypt and Cyprus on the Delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone of 17 February 2003. Article 1 The delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between the two Parties is effected by the median line of which every point is equidistant from the nearest point on the baseline of the two Parties.

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TABLE C1.T80. EGYPT - CYPRUS EEZ BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8a LATITUDE 33 45' 00" 33 34' 00" 33 30' 40" 33 21' 20" 33 11' 30" 33 07' 20" 33 00' 40" 32 53' 20" LONGITUDE 30 05' 00" 30 28' 30" 30 36' 40" 31 07' 00" 31 36' 30" 32 01' 20" 32 31' 00" 32 58' 20"

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EL SALVADOR
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 2004 Civil Code Article 574 12nm Rolled back territorial sea from 200nm to 12nm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Dec 2004 Civil Code Article 574 Reiterates claim to Gulf of Fonseca as STRAIGHT BASELINES, & "territorial waters governed by the special HISTORIC CLAIMS legal regime inherent in their status as a historic bay possessed of the characteristics of a closed sea, in accordance with international law, practice, and agreements between States." _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Dec 2004 Civil Code Article 574 24nm Established a contiguous zone. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 2004 Civil Code Article 574 200nm Established "sovereign rights over the continental and island shelf for purposes of the conservation, exploration, and exploitation of its natural resources." _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Dec 2004 Civil Code Article 574 200nm Established "sovereign rights to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage the living and non-living natural resources...and to engage in any other activities for the economic exploration and exploitation of said zone." _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 84 Signed Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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EQUATORIAL GUINEA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Nov 84 Act No. 15/1984 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Nov 84 Act No. 15/1984 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 99 Treaty Maritime delimitation treaty with Sao Tome and Principe. Sep 2000 Treaty Maritime delimitation treaty with Nigeria. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jan 84 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES The following is extracted from Act No.1/1999 of 6 March 1999, designating the Median Line as the Maritime Boundary of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea. Office of the President Considering Act No. 15/1984 on the Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea; Considering also the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, to which Equatorial Guinea is a party; and In conformity with the geographical environment and the significant features of the area, as well as with the universal criterion of equidistance; At the proposal of the Ministry of the Interior and Local Corporations and following consideration of the matter by the Council of Ministers at its meeting held on __ March 1999; I do hereby provide as follows: Article 1 The boundaries of the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone in the northern maritime zone, off the island of Bioko and the coast of Rio Muni, Republic of Equatorial Guinea, are the geodetic lines connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T81. EQUATORIAL GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES EQUATORIAL GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 LATITUDE NORTH 2 20 14 2 20 57 2 21 05 2 21 17 2 22 40 LONGITUDE EAST 9 48 45 9 48 04 9 48 00 9 47 51 9 47 21 Jul 97

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EQUATORIAL GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 LATITUDE NORTH 2 24 08 2 26 26 2 27 50 2 36 46 2 37 47 2 42 34 2 43 55 2 49 23 2 51 56 2 53 57 2 58 54 3 02 05 3 09 56 3 10 56 3 13 22 3 18 11 3 18 41 3 21 56 3 25' 00 3 25 32 3 32 44 3 35 09 3 39' 03 3 40 12 3 40 21 3 42 23 3 44 09 3 45 40 3 48 03 3 48 38 3 51 06 3 51 10 3 54 16 3 54 41 3 54 48 LONGITUDE EAST 9 45 58 9 42' 12 9 38 39 9 06 05 9 06 42 9 09 21 9 10 08 9 12 58 9 14 05 9 15 10 9 17 13 9 18 29 9 16 30 9 16 22 9 15 59 9 15 28 9 15 26 9 15 34" 9 15 48 9 15 51 9 16 44 9 15 25 9 13 26 9 12 44 9 12 36 9 10 48 9 09 26 9 08 05 9 06 07 9 05 30 9 03 13 9 03 08 8 59 37 8 58 25 8 55 30

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EQUATORIAL GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 LATITUDE NORTH 3 56 47 3 57 46 3 58 29 3 59 11 4 05 04 4 07' 20 4 07 14 4 06' 40 4 06 12 4 06 40 4 05 51 4 05 40 4 05 30 4 04 30 4 02 29 4 01 44 4 01 00 4 00 09 3 58 40 3 57 34 3 56 35 3 55 06 3 53 50 3 52 14 3 50 39,23 3 49 15 3 48 30 3 46' 09,23 3 43' 54" 3 41 15 3 39 52 3 36 18,46 3 33 30 3 31 50,76 3 29' 18,46 LONGITUDE EAST 8 53 17 8 49 53 8 48 40 8 47 47 8 40 51 8 36 10 8 34 30 8 33 14 8 30 20 8 29 30 8 27 20 8 26 20 8 23 48 8 21 05 8 16 06 8 14 43 8 13 30 8 1109 8 07 45 8 05 30 8 03 09,23 8 00 55 7 58 46 7 56 02 7 53 30 7 51 43,84 7 50 45 7 48 04 7 45' 30 7 42 20,77 7 39 30 7 36 09,23 7 33 09,23 7 31 48,46 7 29 48,46

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EQUATORIAL GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 LATITUDE NORTH 3 27 38 3 25 41.55 3 04 29 3 02 31.75 2 50 00 2 38 34 2 31 35.3 2 25 32 2 12 48 2 04 01.6 1 54 45 1 49 10 1 38 45 1 24 14 1 17 48 1 11' 32.65" 1 00 15 0 37 25 0 41 16 0 41 21 0 42 37 0 42 28 0 42 11 0 42 15 0 42 44 0 43 18 0 43 34 0 43 46 0 44 17 0 44 17 0 44 25 0 44 57 0 45 56 0 47 03 0 52 11 LONGITUDE EAST 7 28 08 7 26 18.46 7 08 33 7 07 17.45 7 25 52 7 42 13 7 53 20.4 8 02 40 8 21 57 8 33 00.5 8 31 15 8 30 15 8 27 58 8 24 08 8 22 48 8 21 38.75 8 18 10 8 11' 42 9 04 14 9 04 51 9 15 06 9 16 10 9 20 00 9 21 10 9 22 32 9 23 05 9 23 28 9 24 44 9 24 44 9 24 45 9 25 18 9 26 25 9 28 12 9 29 34 9 28 46

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EQUATORIAL GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 LATITUDE NORTH 0 52 16 0 53 00 0 53 05 0 57 08 0 57 58 0 58 22 0 59 13 0 59 41 0 59 52 1 00 37 1 01 30 1 01 20 1 01' 20" 1 01 11 LONGITUDE EAST 9 28 46 9 28 26 9 28 21 9 31 31 9 31 47 9 32 17 9 32 54 9 32 55 9 32 57 9 32 53 9 32 56 9 33 38 9 34 10 9 34 48

Article 2 The boundaries of the exclusive economic zone in the southern maritime zone, off the island of Annobn, Republic of Equatorial Guinea, are the geodetic lines connecting the following points: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T81. EQUATORIAL GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINTS LATITUDE SOUTH 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 4 29' 32 4 05 13 4 03 12 3 40 47 3 16 18 2 23 04 2 18 34 2 04 27 1 38 49 1 37 27 1 32 19 1 30 20 1 29 04 0 47 15.8 LONGITUDE EAST 7 02' 06 7 08 01 7 08 27 7 13 22 7 16 54 7 22 23 7 22 41 7 21 48 7 18 28 7 18 17 7 17 18 7 16 49 7 16 30 6 11 30.7

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EQUATORIAL GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINTS LATITUDE SOUTH 139 140 141 0 12 54 0 41 45.3 0 54 59.5 LONGITUDE EAST 5 19 23 3 37 03.2 3 12 32.95

Article 3 Between points 125 and 141, the boundary of the exclusive economic zone shall lie 200 nautical miles out to sea from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured. All points and lines are with reference to the World Geodetic System (WGS) 84. Article 4 The boundaries of the maritime jurisdiction of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, as designated in articles 1, 2 and 3-of this Act, are intended to be without prejudice to any other decision which the Government may take in the future in relation to each of its neighbouring Governments regarding the boundaries of the aforementioned maritime jurisdiction in the areas in question. Abrogation of other provisions All legislative provisions of an equal or lower order which are incompatible with the provisions of this Act are hereby abrogated. EQUATORIAL GUINEA - NIGERIA The following is extracted from the 23 September 2000 Treaty between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria concerning their Maritime Boundary. Article 1 The purpose of this Treaty is to establish the partial maritime boundary between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea described in Article 2, and provide for the remainder of the maritime boundary in accordance with Article 3. Article 2 Southwards and westwards from Point (i) identified below, the maritime boundary between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea shall be constituted by successive straight lines connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T82. EQUATORIAL GUINEA - NIGERIA BOUNDARY EQUATORIAL GUINEA - NIGERIA BOUNDARY POINTS LATITUDE NORTH I Ii Iii Iv V Vi Vii Viii Ix x 4 01 37 3 53 01.8 3 51 54.8 3 51 20.2 3 52 25.8 3 42 37.0 3 38 42.4 3 26 46.5 3 15 12.0 2 52 10.9 LONGITUDE EAST 8 16 33.0 8 04 10.7 8 04 58.9 8 04 04.0 8 03 18.5 7 49 10.0 7 49 10.3 7 35 40.7 7 22 35.8 7 22 37.8

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Article 3 Northwards and eastwards from Point (i) identified in Article 2 the maritime boundary shall be established by the Contracting Parties, and recorded in a Protocol to this Treaty, following completion of the maritime aspects of the case before the ICJ between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Republic of Cameroon, concerning the land and maritime frontier between them. EQUATORIAL GUINEA - SAO TOME & PRINCIPE Following are extracts from the 26 June 1999 Treaty Regarding the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tome and Principe. Article 2 The Maritime Boundary between the Republic of Equatorial Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe is established by the geodetic lines that join the following coordinates: a) Between the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Annobon Island) and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe (Sao Tome Island). TABLE C1.T83. EQUATORIAL GUINEA - SAO TOME & PRINCIPE MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES EQUATORIAL GUINEA - SAO TOME & PRINCIPE MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 LATITUDE NORTH 12904S 04715.8S 01254S 04145.3N 05459.5N LONGITUDE EAST 71630E 61130.7E 51923E 33703.2E 31232.95E

b) Between the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Bioko Island Rio Muni) and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe (Sao Tome and Principe Islands). CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T83. EQUATORIAL GUINEA - SAO TOME & PRINCIPE MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 LATITUDE NORTH 03725N 10015N 11132.65N 11748N 12414N 13845N 14910N 15445N 20401.6N 21248N 22532N 23135.3N LONGITUDE EAST 81142E 81810E 82138.75E 82248E 82408E 82758E 83015E 83115E 83300.5E 82157E 80240E 75320.4E

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EQUATORIAL GUINEA - SAO TOME & PRINCIPE MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 13 14 15 LATITUDE NORTH 23834N 25000N 30231.75N LONGITUDE EAST 74213E 72552E 70717.45E

Article 3 The geodetic points defined in article 2 are established in reference to the World Geodetic System 1984.

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ERITREA
Eritrea formally declared independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993. In 1991 it adopted aspects of the Maritime Code of Ethiopia as a Transitional Maritime Code of Eritrea. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Sep 53 Maritime Proclamation 12nm Measured from maximum high-tide line; No. 137 see fishery limits below. Transitional Maritime 12nm Adopted territorial sea provisions of Code Ethiopia. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Sep 52 Federal Revenue Established customs boundaries around STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Proclamation No. 126 the Dahlac Islands. HISTORIC CLAIMS Sep 53 Maritime Proclamation By reference to Proclamation No. 126 No. 137 above, established territorial sea limits around the Dahlac Islands identical to the customs boundaries. Transitional Maritime Adopted above boundaries around Dahlac Code Islands. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Sep 53 Maritime Proclamation In case of pearl and other sedentary No. 137 fisheries, seaward limit of territorial waters extended to limits of fisheries. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY Dec 99 Arbitration Agreement Established maritime boundary between Eritrea and Yemen on median line. (Chartlet available at UN LOS website; see Foreword for website information.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is an extract from Maritime Proclamation No. 137 of 1953 in which the Ethiopian Government adopted the earlier-decreed customs zone around the Dahlac Islands as part of the territorial sea. 6 (f). The territorial waters of Our Empire are defined as extending from the extremity of sea-board at maximum annual high tide of the Ethiopian continental coast and of the coasts of Ethiopian islands, in parallel line on the entire sea-board and to an outward distance of twelve nautical miles, except that in the case of the Dahlac archipelago the seaward limit of the territorial waters shall be that defined in Our Federal Revenue Proclamation No. 126 of 1952, and that in the case of pearl and other sedentary fisheries the seaward limit of the territorial waters shall extend to the limits of the said fisheries. The Imperial Ethiopian Government have full dominion over the said waters and exclusive control over the natural resources within and beneath the said waters. The following extract from Federal Revenue Proclamation No. 126 of 1952 shows the limits of the customs boundaries around the Dahlac Islands that later were decreed (see above) to be territorial sea boundaries as well: [I]n the case of the Dahlac Archipelago, where, until further regulations, the customs boundaries shall be considered as being constituted by the quadrilateral consisting of lines joining the outermost northeastern and southeastern islands with the innermost northwestern and southwestern islands and except in the case of ports where the boundaries shall be the port areas as defined from time to time. Sep 91 Sep 91

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ESTONIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jul 92 Decision of the Foreign warships and research ships must Government No. 202 give 48 hours notice before transit in innocent passage. Nuclear-powered ships must apply for permission 30 days in advance. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. Mar 93 Decision No. 62 Law on Maritime Borders Regulation 170 12nm

Jul 98

Prohibits innocent passage for ships carrying certain cargoes including radioactive material, explosives and marine pollutants defined as hazardous and certain oil and fertilizer products unless those cargoes are loaded or unloaded at an Estonian port.

This restriction is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Mar 93 Decision No. 62 Law on Geographic coordinates given for majority STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Maritime Borders of straight baselines (some limits to be HISTORIC CLAIMS fixed in coordination with neighboring states). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Mar 93 Decision No. 62 Law on EEZ to be determined in cooperation with Maritime Borders neighboring states. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jul 96 Agreement Maritime delimitation agreement with Latvia (Gulf of Riga, Strait of Irbe, and the Baltic Sea) signed. Oct 96 Agreement Maritime delimitation agreement with Finland (Gulf of Finland, Northern Baltic Sea) signed. Agreement with Latvia and Sweden (Baltic Sea) signed. Maritime delimitation agreement with Sweden (Baltic Sea) signed.

Apr 97

Agreement

Oct 98

Agreement

Agreement with Finland and Sweden (Baltic Sea) signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is an extract from Decision No. 62, Law on Maritime Borders, passed 10 March 1993. Article 1 In the present law, the maritime tract shall be determined to be part of the sea which is bordered by the mainland and falls under the jurisdiction of the Republic of Estonia.

Jan 2001

Agreement

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Article 2 The basis of the determination of the maritime tract shall be the provisions of the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, 1958, concluded in Geneva and United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea, 1982. Article 3 The normal baseline of territorial sea is an imaginary line which at low tide joins the points farthest from the shoreline of the mainland, islands, islets, rocks and single boulders. The coordinates of the normal baseline of the territorial sea are established in appendix 1. Appendix 1 TABLE C1.T84. ESTONIA BASELINE SYSTEM ESTONIA BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1 LATITUDE NORTH 5934,17 LONGITUDE EAST 2805,87 CHART NO. 25013 23002 22000 2 5925,70 2732,20 23002 22000 3 5925,70 2713,50 23002 22000 22001 4 5931,26 2645,27 25014 23002 22000 22001 5 5949,35 2621,85 23002 22001 6 5949,30 2621,60 23002 22001 7 5940,76 2541,98 28015 23005 22001 8 5942,09 2501,10 25016 23005 22001 9 5936,40 2430,55 25016 23006 22001 10 5923,40 2402,43 28018 23006 Boulder north of Pakri lighthouse Boulder west of Pikasaare (Nais-saar Island) Rock north-west of Keri Island Boulder north of Purikarineen Boulder north of Vaindlo Island Boulder north of Vaindlo Island Rock east of Mahu beacon The shoreline near Saka The western jetty of Puhajogi REMARKS Border between the Republic of Estonia and the Russian Federation at the shore of the Bay of Narva in accordance with the Estonian-Russian Peace Treaty

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ESTONIA BASELINE SYSTEM POINT LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST CHART NO. 23008 23010 22001 22002 11 5918,28 2321,69 25020 23008 23010 22002 12 5905,28 2251,82 28025 23009 23010 22002 13 5905,70 2235,10 23009 23014 22002 22003 14 5856,80 2203,40 25026 23009 23014 22002 22003 15 5856,50 2202,70 25026 23014 16 5856,40 2202,60 25026 23016 22003 17 5855,60 2202,30 25026 23014 22003 18 5855,30 2203,00 25026 23014 19 5853,60 2208,20 25026 23014 22003 20 5831,36 2154,46 25028 23014 Boulder north-west of the point of Undva Rock 236,0 24,4 cables from Kopu lighthouse Point 192,3 11,4 cables from Ristan lighthouse Boulder 215, 10,4 cables from Ristna lighthouse Rock 278,0 4,3 cables from Ristna lighthouse Rock 288,8 3,8 cables from Ristna lighthouse Rock 358 3,5 cables from Ristna lighthouse Point of Tahkunanina Rock at Seigrahu Rock north-west of Osmussaar Island REMARKS

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ESTONIA BASELINE SYSTEM POINT LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST CHART NO. 22003 21 5830,91 2148,04 25028 23014 22003 22 5819,29 2145,67 28028 25028 23 5819,26 2145,67 28028 25028 23014 22003 24 5757,45 2158,40 25029 23015 22003 25 5753,28 2202,45 25030 23015 22003 26 5758,08 2211,38 25031 23015 22003 22004 27 5809,07 2249,01 25024 23015 22003 22004 28 5748,82 2312,50 28040 23015 22004 29 30 31 32 33 5748,19 5747,81 5747,26 5747,13 5746,72 2312,27 2312,41 2313,03 2313,62 2315,73 28040 28040 28040 28040 28040 23012 22004 34 5746,80 2316,43 28040 Western jetty of the Port of Rinski Rock Rock Rock west of the point of Homineem Boulder Rock Rock north-west of the Parsineeme (western shore Ruhnu Island) Boulder south-east of Allirahu beacon Rock south-west of the point of Kaavinina Southern Point of the Vestukimaa Islet Rock south of the point of Loodeneeme Boulder west of Nootamaa Island Boulder west of Nootamaa Island Boulder north-west of the tip of Kiipsaarenukk REMARKS

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ESTONIA BASELINE SYSTEM POINT LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST CHART NO. 23012 22004 35 5805,69 2358,42 25037 23012 22004 36 5752,48 2421,47 23012 22004 Border between the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia at the shore of the Bay of Riga Rock south of Kihnu lighthouse REMARKS

Article 4 Internal sea is a maritime tract which lies between the normal baseline of territorial sea and the shoreline. Article 5 Territorial sea is a maritime tract adjacent to the internal sea whose external boundary shall be determined by the present law. The coordinates of the boundary of the territorial sea are established in appendix 2. Article 6 The breadth of the territorial sea shall be twelve nautical miles. Exceptions shall be made in the breadth of the territorial sea due to international conventions and agreements made with neighboring states. Appendix 2 TABLE C1.T85. ESTONIAN TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY ESTONIAN TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY POINT 1 LATITUDE NORTH 59 34,17 LONGITUDE EAST 28 05,87 CHART NO. 25013 23002 22000 37 59 37,9 26 54,9 23002 22000 22001 38 59 56,3 26 26,4 23002 23004 22001 39 59 54,0 26 09,2 23004 23005 22001 40 59 48,9 26 01,3 223005 22001 41 59 49,6 25 34,7 23005 22001

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ESTONIAN TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY POINT 42 LATITUDE NORTH 59 42,2 LONGITUDE EAST 24 28,9 CHART NO. 23006 22001 43 59 34,6 23 57,2 23006 23008 22001 22001 44 59 28,9 23 31,3 23008 23010 22002 45 59 29,0 23 11,5 23008 23010 22002 46
1

59 28,2

23 08,6

23010 22002

59 27,4

23 06,5

23008 23010 22002

59 17,5

22 44,0

23009 23010 22002

59 17,7

22 36,2

23009 23010 22002

59 16,2

22 23,9

23009 22002

59 ,14,7

22 18,5

23009 22002 22003

59 ,03,4

21 51,0

23009 22002 22003

58 55,1

21 39,1

23014 22003

58 49,9

21 41,8

23014 22003

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ESTONIAN TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY POINT 55
4

LATITUDE NORTH 58 41,3

LONGITUDE EAST 21 36,4

CHART NO. 23014 22003

58 32,2

21 25,3

23014 22003

58 21,1

21 23,2

23014 22003

58 15,4

21 24,2

13015 13014 22003

57 53,7

21 36,8

23015 22003

57 51,4

21 38,8

23015 22003

57 47,2

21 43,0

23015 22003

57 45,3

21 53,6

23015 22003

57 54,9

22 43,3

23015 22002 22004

57 35,0

23 11,0

23012 23015 22004

57 35,2

23 22,1

23012 22004

57 37,5

23 30,6

2312 22004

57 49,2

23 56,6

23012 22004

57 48,7

23 57,3

23012 22004

57 54,0

24 18,2

23012 22004

Point 46 to be connected to point 47 by an arc with a radius of 12 nm from point 11, coordinates of which are 5918,28' N 2321,69' E. Point 49 to be connected to point 50 by an arc with a radius of 12 nm from point 13, coordinates of which are 5905,70' N 2235,10' E.

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3

Point 53 to be connected to point 54 by an arc with a radius of 12 nm from point 17, coordinates of which are 5855,60' N 2202,30' E. Point 55 to be connected to point 56 by an arc with a radius of 12 nm from point 21, coordinates of which are 5830,91' N 2148,04' E. Point 57 to be connected to point 58 by an arc with a radius of 12 nm from point 23, coordinates of which are 5819,26' N 2145,67' E. Point 59 to be connected to point 58 by an arc with a radius of 12 nm from point 23, coordinates of which are 5857,45' N 2158,40' E. Point 65 to be connected to point 66 by an arc with a radius of 12 nm from point 34, coordinates of which are 5746,80' N 2316,43' E. Point 69 to be connected by a straight line to point 36, coordinates of which are 5752,48'N 2421,47'E.

MARITIME BOUNDARIES ESTONIA - LATVIA The following is extracted from the July 1996 Agreement between Estonia and Latvia on the Maritime Delimitation in the Gulf of Riga, the Strait of Irbe and the Baltic Sea. The Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia, hereafter referred to as the Parties, desiring to establish the maritime boundary between the two States in the Gulf of Riga, the Strait of Irbe and the Baltic Sea, acknowledging the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and general principles of international law as a basis for such a maritime delimitation, recalling the importance of ensuring freedom of navigation and overflight in each other's vessels and aircraft in accordance with international law, wishing to contribute to stability in the Baltic Sea region in general, and in particular to stability in the area being delimitated, recalling the traditional cooperation between Parties in the Gulf of Riga, the Strait of Irbe and the Baltic Sea, recognizing the obligation under international law of protecting the marine environment, desiring to cooperate with each other in the Gulf of Riga, the Strait of Irbe and the Baltic Sea with regard to the conservation, exploration, and exploitation of living resources in accordance with the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, noting the Agreement between the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia on the re-establishment of the State Border of 20 March 1992, have agreed as follows: Article 1 The maritime boundary between the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia in the Gulf of Riga, the Strait of Irbe and in the Baltic Sea referred to in this Agreement is the maritime boundary with respect to the territorial seas, the exclusive economic zones, the continental shelf, and any other maritime zones which might be established by the contracting Parties in accordance with the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and principles of international law. Article 2 The maritime boundary between the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia in the Gulf of Riga and the Strait of Irbe consists of straight geodetic lines connecting the points with the following geographical coordinates:

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TABLE C1.T86. ESTONIA - LATVIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LATITUDE NORTH 57 52, 471' 57 55, 033' 57 53, 950' 57 53, 950' 57 46, 974' 57 40, 173' 57 35, 630' 57 35, 183' 57 42, 133' 57 46, 831' 57 56, 450' 57 55, 644' 57 46, 750' 57 44, 967' 57 45, 783' LONGITUDE EAST 24 21, 406' 24 15, 667' 24 12, 567' 23 36, 067' 23 38, 910' 23 34, 940' 23 24, 361' 23 10, 850' 22 59, 950' 22 54, 461' 22 42, 450' 22 35, 016' 22 08, 600' 21 54, 967' 21 50, 567'

Article 3 The maritime boundary between the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia continuing into the Baltic Sea from point # 15 defined in Article 2 as a straight geodetic line in the azimuth of 289 19, 35' up to the boundary of the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of the Kingdom of Sweden. The azimuth is defined by adding 90 to the azimuth at the median point of the straight geodetic line between the point at the Southern Rock of Cape Loode with geographical coordinates 57 57, 4760' N; 21 58, 2789' E and the point at Ovisi Lighthouse with geographical coordinates 57 34, 1234' N; 21 42, 9574' E. The precise coordinates of point # 16 where this maritime boundary meets the boundary of the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of the Kingdom of Sweden shall be determined by a trilateral agreement between the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Latvia and the Kingdom of Sweden.

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FIJI
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 77 Marine Spaces Act, No. 12nm 18 Recognized innocent passage in territorial sea and archipelagic waters for ships and aircraft. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Dec 77 Marine Spaces Act, No. Enabling legislation for straight and STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 18 archipelagic baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS Apr 78 Marine Spaces Established internal waters closing lines (Declaration) Order and archipelagic baselines by reference to charts. Diplomatic note to UN announcing the declaration of an archipelagic regime. Fiji recognized its obligation to permit "transit sea and air passages" in and over its archipelagic waters. Continuing obligation to permit innocent passage also recognized. Oct 78 Marine Spaces Act (Amendment), No. 15 Modification of legislation to authorize archipelagic baselines around Rotuma archipelago; authorized designation of sea lanes and air lanes for transit passage. Established archipelagic baseline regime. See LIS No. 101. Oct 78 Marine Spaces Act (Amendment), No. 15

Dec 81

Marine Spaces Order, 1981 (Legal Notice No. 117) Marine Spaces Order, 1981 (Legal Notice No. 118)

Dec 81

Promulgated coordinates for Rotuma's straight baselines. See LIS No. 101.

Marine Spaces Act Enabling legislation for changing waters (Amendment), 1984 around Rotuma to internal waters. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE 1984 Marine Spaces Act 24nm (Amendment), 1984 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 70 Continental Shelf Act 1958 Enabled Minister to designate applicable DEF area. Designation of Area Order Area lying between 1530'S and 21 30'S by Minister for Natural as bounded by 176 30'E and 178W. Resources _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Dec 77 Marine Spaces Act, No. 200nm 18 Oct 78 Marine Spaces Act (Amendment), No. 15 Apr 71

1984

Marine Spaces Order, 200nm Established limits of EEZ. 1981 (Legal Notice No. 117) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Dec 81

222

Jul 95 Ratified Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE LEGISLATION The important elements of the Fijian archipelagic claims are contained in the Marine Spaces Act No. 18 of December 1977, as amended by Act No. 15 of October 1978, and in subsequent Marine Spaces Orders 117 and 118 of December 1981. Following are extracts from that legislation pertaining specifically to the archipelagic baseline regime and to internal waters and territorial seas claims. Part II--Marine Spaces Internal Waters 3.--(1) Except where closing lines are drawn under the provisions of subsection (2) the outer limits of the internal waters of Fiji shall be a line drawn along the low-water line of the coast of each island, provided nevertheless that in the case of islands situated on atolls or islands having fringing reefs the line shall be drawn along the seaward low-water line of the reef. (2) The Minister responsible for Foreign Affairs may, in accordance with the rules of international law, declare, by reference to physical features marked on official charts or to lists of geographical co-ordinates specifying the geodetic datum, the points between which closing lines are to be drawn for the purpose of determining the outer limits of the internal waters of Fiji in the case of mouths of rivers, bays and permanent harbour works. (3) Where closing lines are drawn under the provisions of subsection (2) the internal waters of Fiji shall include all waters on the landward side of those closing lines. Archipelagic Waters 4.--(1) The archipelagic waters of Fiji comprise all areas of sea contained within the baselines established under the provisions of this section. (2) The Minister responsible for Foreign Affairs, in accordance with the rules of international law may by order declare, by reference to physical features marked on official charts or to lists of geographical co-ordinates specifying the geodetic datum, the points between which straight baselines are to be drawn for the purpose of determining the outermost limits of the archipelagic waters of Fiji and the innermost limits of the territorial sea of the Fiji archipelago and the Rotuma archipelago. (Amended by 15 of 1978, s. 3.) Territorial Seas 5.--(1) The territorial seas of Fiji comprise all areas of sea having as their innermost limits the baselines established under the provisions of this section and as their outermost limits a line measured seaward from those baselines every point of which is at a distance of twelve miles from the nearest point of the baselines. (2) Where archipelagic baselines are drawn under the provisions of section 4, those baselines shall be the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the Fiji archipelago and the Rotuma archipelago shall be measured. (Amended by 15 of 1978, s. 5.) (3) In all other cases the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured is the line determining the outer limits of the internal waters of Fiji drawn under the provisions of section 3.

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Marine Spaces (Archipelagic Baselines and Exclusive Economic Zone) Order, 1981 [Legal Notice No. 117] Baselines for the Fiji Archipelago 2. The points between which straight baselines are to be drawn for the purpose of determining the outermost limits of the archipelagic waters of Fiji and the innermost limits of the territorial sea of the Fiji archipelago are declared to be the geographical co-ordinates, based on the World Geodetic System 1972 (WGS72) datum, specified in the First Schedule, minus 7 seconds of latitude and 14 seconds of longitude in each case. First Schedule, Archipelagic Waters Geographical Co-Ordinates, [Wgs 72 Geodetic Datum]

TABLE C1.T87. FIJI ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINES FIJI ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 LATITUDE SOUTH 16 05' 30" S 16 44' 48" S 17 05' 06" S 17 10' 00" S 17 55' 30" S 18 18' 30" S 18 53' 00" S 18 57' 30" S 19 14' 00" S 19 48' 00" S 19 53' 30" S 20 39' 48" S 20 59' 54" S 21 01' 42" S 20 44' 00" S 19 12' 18" S 19 11' 30" S 19 10' 42" S 19 08' 42" S 19 07' 48" S 18 36' 24" S 18 07' 00" S 17 56' 36" S 17 38' 54" S 17 11' 54" S 17 09' 24" S LONGITUDE WEST 179 08' 36" W 178 55' 54" W 178 40' 24" W 178 37' 06" W 178 14' 00" W 178 12' 48" W 178 21' 00" W 178 19' 45" W 178 18' 36" W 178 13' 24" W 178 16' 18" W 178 41' 24" W 178 44' 30" W 178 50' 48" W 178 53' 30" W 179 44' 48" E 178 06' 00" E 178 00' 00" E 177 57' 18" E 177 56' 54" E 177 39' 36" E 177 19' 00" E 177 12' 24" E 176 59' 48" E 176 52' 42" E 176 53' 30" E

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FIJI ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINES POINT 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 LATITUDE SOUTH 17 06' 54" S 16 47' 00" S 16 39' 06" S 16 26' 24" S 16 19' 24" S 16 10' 30" S 15 42' 30" S 15 56' 54" S LONGITUDE WEST 176 54' 36" E 177 17' 00" E 177 34' 24" E 178 05' 48" E 178 27' 12" E 179 04' 00" E 179 58' 30" W 179 23' 30" W

Marine Spaces (Territorial Seas) (Rotuma and its Dependencies) Order, 1981 [Legal Notice No. 118] Territorial Seas Baselines 2. The points between which straight baselines are to be drawn for the purpose of determining the innermost limits of the territorial seas of Rotuma and its dependencies are declared to be the geographical co-ordinates, based on the World Geodetic System 1972 (WGS72) datum, specified in the Schedule, plus 3 seconds of latitude and plus 2 seconds of longitude in each case. Schedule Geographical Co-Ordinates [Wgs72 Geodetic Datum] TABLE C1.T88. FIJI (ROTUMA AND ITS DEPENDENCIES) STRAIGHT BASELINES FIJI (ROTUMA AND ITS DEPENDENCIES) STRAIGHT BASELINES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LATITUDE SOUTH 12 28' 41" S 12 29' 42" S 12 29' 54" S 12 30' 18" S 12 31' 19" S 12 31' 39" S 12 31' 45" S 12 31' 54" S 12 31' 40" S 12 31' 43" S 12 31' 21" S 12 29' 58" S 12 29' 53" S 12 29' 50" S 12 28' 33" S LONGITUDE EAST 177 07' 29" E 177 08' 21" E 177 08' 30" E 177 08' 39" E 177 08' 51" E 177 08' 50" E 177 08' 48" E 177 08' 30" E 177 06' 54" E 177 05' 21" E 177 01' 54" E 176 56' 04" E 176 55' 59" E 176 56' 02" E 176 57' 41" E

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FIJI (ROTUMA AND ITS DEPENDENCIES) STRAIGHT BASELINES POINT 16 17 18 19 U.S. ANALYSIS The following explanatory comments are extracts from Limits in the Seas, No. 101, "Fiji's Maritime Claims" of 30 November 1984. An unofficial map of the straight baseline claims around Rotuma and adjacent islands appears in the Limits study. Fiji, an island state situated in the southwest Pacific Ocean, comprises about 320 islands ranging in size from Viti Levu (10,390 square kilometers) to uninhabited rocks a few square meters in area. The total land area of Fiji (not including the water area within the fringing reefs) is approximately 18,272 square kilometers. The capital city of Suva is located on the southeast coast of Viti Levu. With the exception of some outlying islands, the so-called Fiji Archipelago generally forms a circular configuration. The distances between extreme Fijian islands are approximately 570 nautical miles (1,055 kilometers) between the northern island of Rotuma and Ceva-i-Ra in the south and about 288 nautical miles (533 kilometers) between the easternmost island in the Lau Group (on the Mbukatatanoa Reefs) and Viwa Island in the west.* For the purpose of its Marine Spaces Act, the Government of Fiji has distinguished the Fiji Archipelago from the Island of Rotuma and its dependencies and from the island of Ceva-i-Ra. Separate baseline systems are defined for each of these areas. Because of distances between Rotuma and the main island group and between Ceva-i-Ra and the main island group, it was impossible for Fiji, under the provisions of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention (LOS Convention), to draw one archipelagic baseline system that would incorporate every Fijian island.* Fiji's legislation establishes two different types of baselines. Archipelagic baselines join most of the country's islands to form the Fiji Archipelago; seaward of those baselines is the territorial sea and high seas, landward of them are archipelagic waters and internal waters. The other type of baseline delimits the internal waters from archipelagic waters (if situated inside archipelagic baselines) or from the territorial sea (as in the Rotuma Island area). The archipelagic straight baseline system comprises 34 turning points and connects the outer points of the outer islands and drying reefs.... The baseline length criterion cited in Article 47(2) of the LOS Convention is met.... These baselines, along with the depiction of the internal waters and the territorial sea limit, are officially illustrated on Fiji Marine Spaces Chart 81/2 which is based on British Admiralty Chart 2691, 1970.... The baseline claimed by Fiji for its northern island of Rotuma may be questionable. In the Marine Spaces Act Rotuma is defined as the "Rotuma archipelago" comprising Rotuma and its dependencies, which include about six smaller islands situated between 1.5 and 4.5 nautical miles to the west of Rotuma.... [A]n amendment to the Marine Space Act [was passed in 1984] which, inter alia, deletes reference to Rotuma as an archipelago. Instead, the waters within the baselines are intended to be internal waters and not archipelagic waters. The baselines are shown on Fiji Marine Spaces Chart 81/1 titled, "Chart Showing Basepoints and Straight Baselines Enclosing the Internal Waters of Rotuma. *Footnotes omitted. LATITUDE SOUTH 12 28' 10" S 12 27' 47" S 12 27' 44" S 12 27' 46" S LONGITUDE EAST 176 58' 15" E 176 59' 11" E 176 59' 20" E 176 59' 35" E

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FINLAND
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ These four documents require foreign Decree Amend 656/80 TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 81 warships to provide advance notice before Declaration upon Dec 82 transiting territorial sea and setting out Ratification of 1982 LOS procedures for doing so. These were not Convention revoked by 1995 Act. Decree No. 1069/89 Jan 89 MFA Circular No. NC-28 Dec 90 U.S. does not recognize this requirement. U.S. protested requirement in 1989. Act 981/95 (Amending the 12nm In the Gulf of Finland, the outer limit of the Act on the Border of the territorial sea shall at no place be closer to Territorial Waters of the midline than 3nm. Finland) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 95 Act 981/95 Established new straight baselines (to STRAIGHT BASELINES, & remain in effect until 2024, revoking those drawn in 1956) HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Dec 94 Customs Act No. 1466 14 nm Extends two nautical miles further than the outer limit of the territorial sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Mar 65 Continental Shelf Act, Act 1958 Baltic Sea, Gulf of Finland and Gulf of No. 149 DEF Bothnia all covered. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 75 Fishing-Zone Act 839/74 12nm Fishing zone. Dec 77 Amendment to Act 839/74 Fishing zone extended to continental shelf boundary with Sweden in Gulf of Bothnia. 12nm Around Bogskar Island, fishing zone extended from 11 to 12nm. Jul 95

Jun 78

Amendment to Act 938/74

Around Bogskar Island, fishing zone extended from 11 to 12nm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES May 66 Agreement Continental shelf boundary with former Soviet Union (Gulf of Finland) EIF. See LIS No. 16. Mar 68 Agreement Continental shelf boundary with former Soviet Union (northeastern Baltic) EIF. See LIS No. 56. Continental shelf boundary with Sweden (Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Finland) EIF. See LIS No. 71. Fishing boundary agreement with the former Soviet Union EIF. Agreement with former Soviet Union delimiting EEZ, fishing zone, and continental shelf in Gulf of Finland and northeastern Baltic Sea. EIF.

Jun 78

Amendment to Act 839/74

12nm

Jan 73

Agreement

Jul 80

Agreement

Feb 85

Agreement

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Oct 96 Jan 2001

Agreement Agreement

With Estonia and Sweden, to establish common maritime boundary point in the Baltic Sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration requiring prior notification by warships and non-commercial government vessels transiting territorial sea, and declaring that Art 35(c) exception to transit-passage regime is applicable to Aland Strait. Jul 94 Jun 96 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are extracts from Act 981/95 amending the Limits of the Territorial Waters of Finland (Decree No. 463 of 1956). The outer limits of the territorial sea of Finland, with certain exceptions, extend to 12 nautical miles from the baselines. In the Gulf of Finland, the outer limit of the territorial sea shall at no place be closer to the midline than 3 nautical miles. The baseline of the outer limit of the internal waters, referred to in Section 4(1) of the Finnish Territorial Waters Act, the degrees of latitude and longitude of which are given in the Finnish National Coordinate System, are during the thirty-year period 1995-2024 as follows: TABLE C1.T89. FINLAND INNER TERRITORIAL WATERS COORDINATES FINLAND INNER TERRITORIAL WATERS POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LATITUDE NORTH 60 19' 452 60 18' 581 60 15' 904 60 14' 238 60 09' 672 60 02' 419 60 05' 437 60 02' 128 59 52' 101 LONGITUDE EAST 27 37' 202 27 34' 716 27 16' 433 27 01' 845 26 15' 752 25 47' 682 25 08' 157 24 53' 709 24 18' 368

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FINLAND INNER TERRITORIAL WATERS POINT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 LATITUDE NORTH 59 47' 218 59 44' 862 59 44' 958 59 42' 828 59 40' 504 59 44' 171 59 48' 483 60 09' 403 60 18' 019 60 18' 081 60 25' 902 60 29' 875 60 32' 411 60 45' 947 61 03' 050 61 25' 339 61 38' 782 62 00' 992 62 24' 801 62 47' 068 62 57' 655 63 14' 228 63 25' 460 63 27' 198 63 28' 491 63 31' 707 63 45' 089 63 51' 837 63 53' 196 63 53' 726 63 55' 701 63 56' 237 63 57' 627 64 05' 572 LONGITUDE EAST 23 35' 505 23 23' 941 22 58' 431 22 25' 102 21 30' 088 20 44' 352 19 47' 125 19 18' 241 19 08' 124 19 08' 148 19 23' 935 19 42' 563 20 12' 524 20 44' 638 21 10' 211 21 16' 255 21 19' 747 21 14' 072 21 05' 203 20 50' 217 20 44' 296 20 35' 058 20 47' 346 21 08' 482 21 44' 639 22 09' 732 22 31' 404 22 37' 409 22 39' 136 22 39' 847 22 42' 981 22 44' 467 22 48' 639 23 23' 951

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FINLAND INNER TERRITORIAL WATERS POINT 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 LATITUDE NORTH 64 19' 981 64 32' 274 64 40' 893 65 02' 379 65 20' 151 65 33' 835 65 35' 962 59 31' 158 59 31' 090 59 30' 240 59 30' 291 LONGITUDE EAST 23 26' 818 24 15' 150 24 19' 362 24 33' 062 24 39' 306 24 18' 807 24 01' 847 20 24' 700 20 25' 328 20 21' 077 20 21' 011

Points 18 and 19 and points 50 and 51 respectively, are not connected by a baseline. Points 51 and 54 are connected by a baseline. Section 2 The location of the outer limit of Finland's territorial sea is indicated by points that are connected either by the line of the shortest distance or by the circular arc defined by a given centre and radius. As determined by the Peace Treaty signed in Paris on 10 February 1947 (690-691/47), starting from the western terminal point of the border limiting the territorial sea of Finland, the course of the border is through the following points, given in the Finnish National Coordinate System as degrees of latitude and longitude, to the south side of the islet of Market as far as the southern terminal point of the national frontier between Finland and Sweden (point no. 132 on the list): TABLE C1.T90. FINLAND - SWEDEN MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES FINLAND - SWEDEN MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 LATITUDE NORTH 60 11' 341 60 09' 692 60 09' 198 60 02' 779 60 02' 281 60 00' 832 59 58' 596 59 55' 909 59 55' 681 59 55' 868 59 56' 596 59 55' 271 LONGITUDE EAST 26 44' 675 26 36' 845 26 29' 702 26 17' 867 26 11' 498 26 04' 689 26 01' 223 25 37' 404 25 35' 147 25 28' 462 25 10' 348 24 55' 986

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FINLAND - SWEDEN MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 LATITUDE NORTH 59 53' 514 59 49' 015 59 47' 800 59 47' 014 59 39' 406 59 38' 131 59 36' 472 59 30' 781 59 28' 584 LONGITUDE EAST 24 47' 310 24 29' 487 24 20' 116 24 12' 554 23 21' 313 22 51' 638 22 38' 266 22 23' 985 21 32' 209

Points 123 and 124 are connected by a circular arc the radius of which is 12 nautical miles and the centre of which, in accordance with section 1, is base point no.14. 124 125 126 59 28' 693 59 31' 947 59 27' 456 21 26' 268 20 45' 848 20 23' 234

Points 126 and 127 are connected by a circular arc the radius of which is 3 nautical miles and the centre of which, in accordance with section 1, is base point no. 53. 127 128 129 130 131 132 59 27' 964 59 35' 466 59 35' 703 59 47' 501 60 11' 501 60 14' 114 20 17' 257 19 59' 869 19 56' 638 19 39' 699 19 05' 198 19 06' 368

North of the islet of Market, starting from the northern terminal point of the national frontier between Finland and Sweden, the course of the border is through the following points: 134 135 60 22' 494 60 36' 689 19 09' 877 19 13' 421

Points 135 and 136 are connected by a circular arc the radius of which is 12 nautical miles and the centre of which, in accordance with section 1, is base point no. 20. 136 137 60 36' 871 60 40' 866 19 14' 228 19 32' 942

Points 137 and 138 are connected by a circular arc the radius of which is 12 nautical miles and the centre of which, in accordance with section 1, is base point no. 21. 138 60 41' 660 19 38' 341

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FINLAND - SWEDEN MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 LATITUDE NORTH 60 43' 650 60 54' 104 61 07' 609 61 26' 815 61 38' 768 61 59' 212 62 21' 960 62 43' 465 LONGITUDE EAST 20 01' 717 20 26' 461 20 46' 495 20 51' 460 20 54' 404 20 48' 898 20 40' 112 20 25' 334

Points 146 and 147 are connected by a circular arc the radius of which is 12 nautical miles and the centre of which, in accordance with section 1, is base point no. 29. 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 62 44' 079 62 54' 675 63 09' 882 63 19' 903 63 28' 961 63 31' 152 63 40' 013 63 40' 325 63 42' 059 63 50' 841 63 56' 187 20 24' 946 20 18' 868 20 10' 176 20 24' 288 20 42' 007 20 56' 551 21 30' 778 21 39' 821 21 53' 301 22 07' 434 22 12' 115

Points 157 and 158 are connected by a circular arc the radius of which is 12 nautical miles and the centre of which, in accordance with section 1, is base point no. 37. 158 159 160 63 57' 650 63 59' 128 63 59' 774 22 13' 668 22 15' 526 22 16' 382

Points 160 and 161 are connected by a circular arc the radius of which is 12 nautical miles and the centre of which, in accordance with section 1, is base point no. 39. 161 162 64 00' 548 64 02' 530 22 17' 500 22 20' 622

Points 162 and 163 are connected by a circular arc the radius of which is 12 nautical miles and the centre of which, in accordance with section 1, is base point no. 40. 163 164 64 04' 927 64 05' 612 22 25' 637 22 27' 530

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FINLAND - SWEDEN MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 165 LATITUDE NORTH 64 07' 150 LONGITUDE EAST 22 32' 128

Points 165 and 166 are connected by a circular arc the radius of which is 12 nautical miles and the centre of which, in accordance with section 1, is base point no. 42. 166 167 168 64 08' 234 64 13' 189 64 20' 975 22 36' 026 22 57' 896 22 59' 327

Points 168 and 169 are connected by a circular arc the radius of which is 12 nautical miles and the centre of which, in accordance with section 1, is base point no. 44. 169 170 171 64 30' 238 64 39' 909 64 43' 314 23 12' 589 23 50' 376 23 51' 988

Points 171 and 172 are connected by a circular arc the radius of which is 12 nautical miles and the centre of which, in accordance with section 1, is base point no. 46. 172 173 174 175 64 43' 962 65 04' 789 65 17' 527 65 30' 739 23 52' 340 24 05' 263 24 09' 503 24 08' 216

From the last-mentioned point, the course of the border is further in the direction of north-northwest towards the point referred to in section 7 (3) of the Act on the Border of the Territorial Waters of Finland. U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding Finland's straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 48, "Straight Baselines: Finland" of 15 September 1972: Although written in 1972, the analysis is still applicable to the 1995 revised baselines. The Finnish straight baseline system has been printed on large-scale charts published by the Finnish Hydrographic Office. The most recent editions, which have been examined by this office, were printed in 1965. The law contains three interesting concepts. First, the system is subject to a periodic review. According to Article 4(3), the points must be corrected at intervals of 30 years. Second, the Government of Finland has commenced its straight baseline system by connecting Swedish and Finnish islets; the intersection of this line with the Finnish-Swedish maritime frontier marks the beginning of the Finnish system. This unusual technique has been employed by several North European states. The third, and most important, concept is stated in Article 4(2) which provides that the basepoints will be chosen so that their [basepoint] distance from one another is 'at most twice the width of the marginal sea....' As a consequence, the longest Finnish straight baseline segment measures 8 nautical miles or less in length, a restriction which contrasts sharply with the practices of many states. The limitation of the length of baseline segment means that the Finnish system nearly duplicates the configuration of the fringing islands. The Finnish system has the least expansive straight baselines yet analyzed by this office. The total length of the Finnish system measures approximately 793.2 nautical miles between the Swedish and Soviet maritime frontiers. The average length of a segment is approximately 4.4 nautical miles.

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FRANCE
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 71 Law 71-1060 12nm See Maritime Boundaries section below for bilateral agreements on territorial sea limits. Regulates passage of foreign ships through territorial waters. Tankers, nuclear powered ships or nuclear cargo ships required to use designated sea lanes/traffic separation schemes. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Oct 67 Decree Established straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Dec 87 Act of 31 December 1987 24nm Modifies Customs Code. New Article 44 introduced contiguous zone. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 68 Law No. 68-1181 1958 DEF Amended technical provisions (did not change claimed area). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 76 Law No. 76-655 200nm 200nm defined as extending up to 188nm from the outer limit of the territorial sea. Implemented EEZ for coasts bordering North Sea, English Channel, and Atlantic from Belgium to Spain. Breadth of EEZ subject to bilateral agreements, where appropriate. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 75 Agreements (2) Territorial sea and continental shelf boundary with Spain (Bay of Biscay) EIF. See LIS No. 83. Jun 77 & Mar 78 Arbitral Award Continental shelf boundary with the UK in English Channel (west of 0 30' W) and Atlantic approaches delimited. Continental shelf boundary agreement with the UK in English Channel (east of 0 30' W) EIF. Maritime boundary agreement with Monaco EIF. Territorial sea boundary agreement in the area of the Strait of Bonifacio with Italy EIF. Territorial sea with UK in Straits of Dover EIF. Boundary agreement with Belgium signed. Feb 77 Decree No. 77-130 200nm May 77 Act No. 77-485 Feb 85 Decree No. 85/185

Feb 83

Agreement

Aug 85

Agreement

Apr 89

Agreement

May 89

Agreement

Oct 90

Agreement

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Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement, with Declaration. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is the text of a Decree by the Government of France of 19 October 1967 establishing the French straight baseline system: DECREE defining the straight baselines and the closing lines of bays serving to determine the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial waters is measured. On the basis of the report of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of the Armed Forces, the Minister of Supply and Housing, and the Minister of Transport, and IN VIEW OF Decree No. 67-451 of June 7, 1967 extending the belt in which fishing by Foreign vessels is prohibited, in particular Article 2(1) thereof, The Prime Minister decrees: Article 1 The straight baselines and the closing lines of bays serving to determine the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial waters is measured shall be drawn as follows: TABLE C1.T91. FRENCH STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM ENGLISH CHANNEL COAST AREA Baie de Seine Saint-Vaast-la-Capelle Roadstead Cherbourg Roadstead Anse de Vauville Baie du Mont-Saint-Michel BASELINE From the Cap de la Heve light to the light on the west breakwater of Trouville harbor. From Pointe de Saire to the Iles Saint-Marcouf light and from the Iles Saint-Marcouf light to the northeastern end of the "Roches de Grand Camp" ferry-boat line. From the Cap Levi lighthouse to Nacqueville Fort. From the Jobourg signal station to the Flamanville signal station. From the Point du Roc light to Ilot Herpin and from there to Pointe du Grouin. NORTH AND WEST BRITTANY From Pointe du Grouin to the Menhir (Penmarch) light along a broken line connecting the following points: Pointe du Grouin, Tourelle de Rochefort, the north-west point of Ile de Czembre (off Saint-Malo), the northern tip of Cap Frhel, Grand Ljon light (Baie de Saint-Brieuc), la Horaine light, les Haux light, the northern tip of Ile Rouzic (Les Sept-Iles [the seven islands]), Triagoz light, Pen Ven rock (north of Ile de Batz), the northern tip of Ile Vierge, Corn-Carhai light, Ile de Keller, An Ividig light, the last rock uncovered at low tide west of the Chausse [reef] de Sein (4803'25" N and 0502'20" W), Menhir light (Penmarc'h).

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SOUTH BRITTANY AND VENDEE From Menhir light (Penmarc'h) to les Baleineaux light (north of Ile de R) following the broken line joining the following points: Menhir light (Penmarc'h), les Putains beacon, the southern point of Ile du Loch (Iles de Glnan), Pointe d'Enfer (south of Ile de Groix), Iles Bagunres (west of Belle-Ile), Pointe du Talut, Pointe de 1'Echelle (south-east of Belle Ile), les Grands-Cardinaux light, la Banche light (off the estuaire de la Loire), Ile du Pilier light (north-west of Ile de Noirmoutier), le Bavard beacon, les Chiens-Perrins light (north-west of Ile d'Yeu), Pointe de la Tranche (tower at the south of Ile d'Yeu), Grande-Barge light (west of Les Sables d'Olonne), les Baleineaux light (northwest of Ile de R). CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T91. AREA SOUTH VENDEE AND LANDES Pertuis l'Antioche Pertuis de Maumusson Gironde Estuary From the Chanchardon light to the Chassiron light. From the la Cotiniere light to the la Coubre light. From the la Coubre light to the la Negade beacon. MAINLAND COAST OF THE MEDITERRANEAN Golfe d'Aiques Mortes Golfe des Saintes Maries From Golfe de Fos to Baie de Sanary From the mouth of the Grau de Palavas to the l'Espiquette lighthouse. From the Grau d'Orgon to the Beauduc beacon. From the point defined by coordinates 43 19' 50" N and 4 50' 00" E to Pointe de la Gardiole along a broken line connecting the following points: Point defined by coordinates 43 19' 50" N and 4 50' 00" E--Cap Couronne light--Ile du Planier light-eastern point of Ile Riou--la Cassidaigne light--Ile du Grand Rouveau light-southwestern point of Ile des Embiez--southern point of le Petit Gau--Pointe de la Gardiole. From the Cap Sicie light to the eastern tip of Cap Camarat along a broken line connecting the following points: Cap Sicie light--Cap d'Armes--Ilot de la Gabiniere-Cap Maupertuis--le Grand Cap--Pointe du Titan--Cap Taillat--eastern tip of Cap Camarat. From the eastern tip of Cap Camarat to Pointe des Issambres. From Pointe des Issambres to the l'Ilette lighthouse along a broken line connecting the following points: Pointe des Issambres--Ile de la Boute--les Moines turret--l'Ilette lighthouse. From the northeast bastion of the Fort Carre d'Antibes to the Cap Ferrat (Villefranche) lighthouse. From Pointe de Saint Hospice to Cap d'Ail. From Pointe de la Vieille to Cap Martin. COAST OF CORSICA Golfe de Saint-Florent Golfe de Calvi Cap de la Morsetta to Golfe de Pinarello From Pointe de Canelle to Pointe de Mignole. From Pointe d'Espano to Pointe Revellata. Between Cap de la Morsetta to the northeastern point of Golfe de Pinarello along a broken line connecting the following points: Cap de la Morsetta--Pointe des Scoglietti-Ilot de Gargalo--Cap Rosso--Pointe d'Omignis--Cap de Feno (Golfe de Sagone)--western point of Iles Sanguinaires--Cap Muro light--Pointe de Senetose-les Moines light--Cap Pertusato light--Ilot Lavezzi light--eastern point of Ile Cavallo-southeastern point of Ile Forana (Iles Cerbicales)--southeastern point then northeastern point of Golfe de Pinarello. BASELINE

From the Toulon roadstead to the Baie de Cavalaire

Baie de Pampelonne and Golfe de Saint-Tropez From Golfe de Frejus to Golfe Juan

Baie des Anges Baie de Beaulieu Haie de Roquebrune

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Article 2 The following shall be repealed on the date of publication of this decree: The decree of July 9, 1888 fixing, for the bays in the fifth maritime district, the line from which the three miles making up the French territorial sea are to be measured: The decree of June 1, 1938 fixing, for the Maritime Registration Divisions [Directions d'Inscription Maritime] of Le Havre, Saint-Servan, and Bordeaux, the boundaries of the waters reserved for French fisheries. Article 3 The Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of the Armed Forces, the Minister of Supply and Housing, and the Minister of Transport shall be responsible, each with respect to the matters under his jurisdiction, for enforcing this decree which shall be published in the Journal Officiel [Official Gazette] of the French Republic. U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding France's straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 37, "Straight Baselines: France" of 29 February 1972. For the convenience of the discussion, the straight-baselines system has been divided into sectors.... TABLE C1.T92. FRENCH STRAIGHT BASELINES: U.S. ANALYSIS FRENCH STRAIGHT BASELINES: U.S. ANALYSIS SECTOR Sector No. 1 BASELINE The approximately 8.4 nautical mile line closes the mouth of the Seine River. The natural closing point on the north, Cap de la Heve, marks the seaward limit of the riverine estuary; on the south coast, which is essentially featureless, no distinctive locational point has been chosen. Two continuous lines of 6.8 and 7.5 nautical miles in length enclose a rectangular indentation of the coast to the east of the Normandy peninsula. The indentation, which is not a juridical bay or a deep penetration of the land, is labeled as a roadstead. The maximum penetration of the sea into the land is about 3 nautical miles. Several small islets are enclosed; the waters within the baseline are essentially shoal. Although defined in the decree, this area is not represented on the cited charts. The closing line, which measures 9.5 miles, delimits the Cherbourg roadstead. The 8.9 nautical mile straight baseline encloses the shallow indentation of the Anse de Vauville which has a maximum penetration of 3 nautical miles. This sector may be divided into two distinctive segments related to the coastal morphology: 1) the Bay of Mont-St. Michel, and 2) the indented coasts of Brittany and Vendee. The bay meets the specifications of a juridical bay, and it is enclosed by a two-segmented line totaling 11.5 nautical miles. The north coast of Brittany is deeply embayed and fringed with many small islands, reefs, rocks, and low-tide elevations. The straight-baseline system primarily utilizes the islands and islets as basepoints although one mainland cape (Frehel) also does serve. Thirteen segments cover the entire northern coast to the west of the Ile d'Ouessant. The segments total approximately 142.5 nautical miles and have an average length of 10.9 nautical miles. The longest segment measures 23.4 nautical miles; it is situated to the east of the Ile Vierge. Drying rocks are used as basepoints, but all are cited as navigational lights. The western shore of Brittany and Vendee is delimited by baselines which total approximately 212.3 nautical miles. Several apparent discrepancies exist between the textual description of the decree and charts (U.S. and French). The attached chart [omitted] may, as a result, be incorrect in the vicinity of the Ile de Groix. The point situated directly to the west of the island should probably be located several miles farther to the north. In addition, the straight baseline from this point should terminate at the west cape of the island. The line continuing southward is apparently correct; a break in the straight baselines exists on the cited chart. The coast of the island serves as the baseline in the intervening area. The longest segment measures approximately 39 nautical miles, although the average length is about 17.7 nautical miles.

Sector No. 2

Sector No. 3 Sector No. 4 Sector No. 5

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FRENCH STRAIGHT BASELINES: U.S. ANALYSIS SECTOR Sector 6 BASELINE The single line closes the northern entrance of the bay-like indentation of La Rochelle. The line may be considered a continuation of the previous system or a bay/river closure. The line measures approximately 7.9 nautical miles in length. The two segments serve to close the previously defined area in the south and the mouth of the Gironde River. The first segment does not, in the normal sense, enclose landlocked waters. The two segments measure 12.0 and 11.8 nautical miles, respectively. The single 9.4 nautical mile line encloses the Golfe d'Aiguesmortes, which is neither a juridical bay nor a deep indentation of the coast. The line, however, has a very marginal effect on the seaward limit of territorial waters. A single 8.25 nautical mile line delimits the Golfe de Beauduc, which is neither a juridical bay nor a deep indentation of the coast. As in the previous sector, the effect on the sea is minimal. East of the Rhone delta, the Mediterranean straight baselines are noncontinuous; minor sections of insular or mainland coastline serve as the territorial sea baseline. From the Rhone to the Toulon roadstead, eight segments enclose embayments of a rugged coastal region utilizing offshore islands as primary basepoints. . . . The longest of these segments measures approximately 21.1 nautical miles, although the average length of line is slightly less than 8.5 nautical miles. East of Toulon the same general coastal configuration continues. Eleven baseline segments total slightly more than 75 nautical miles. The longest is 15.4 nautical miles while the average is about 6.8 nautical miles. These two sectors comprise three detached segments. The western line (10.25 nautical miles) closes the Baie de Anges and the Baie de Villefranche. Viewed together, the two bays do not constitute a juridical bay although they do constitute a major indentation. The central segment (2.8 nautical miles) closes the Baie de St. Hospice, and the final segment (2.5 n.m.), which is not represented on the cited charts, delimits the Baie de Roquebrune. The western and southeastern coasts of the islands of Corsica are deeply indented and/or fringed with many islands and islets. Two bay-closing lines have been delimited for the juridical bays of Golfe de St. Florent (8.7 nautical miles) and the Golfe de Calvi (3.45 nautical miles). From the Cap de la Marsetta, a continuous system of straight baselines encloses the remainder of the western and southeastern shores to the northeastern point of the Golfe de Pinarello. Eighteen segments constitute the system, and they total approximately 120.2 nautical miles in length. The longest segment measures approximately 12.25 nautical miles, while the average length is about one-half of this figure. The total French system of straight baselines measures about 715 nautical miles. Over one-half (366.3 nautical miles) delimits the rugged and embayed Brittany coast of northwestern France. Approximately 276 nautical miles serve the Mediterranean shores, including Corsica. The longest segment is less than 40 nautical miles in length. The straight-baseline system increases French internal waters significantly but, with the recent legislation for a 12 nautical mile territorial sea, has a limited effect on the extension of the seaward limit of the French territorial sea.

Sector 7

Sector 8 Sector 9 Sector 10

Sector 11 Sectors 12 and 13

Sector 14

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FRENCH OVERSEAS DEPARTMENTS AND DEPENDENCIES

Jan 78

Decree No. 78-112

Apr 99

Decree No. 99-234

May 2002 Decree No. 2002-827 Straight baselines for New Caledonia. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 76 Law No. 76-655 Enabling legislation for 200nm zone, assumed to apply to both mainland and all French dependencies. Feb 77 Decrees (No. 77-169, 170) Decrees (various) 200nm EEZ: St. Pierre and Miquelon; French Guiana. EEZ: Kerguelen Islands, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna, Tromelin Islands, Glorious Archipelago, Clipperton, Juan de Nova, the Europa Bassas, Mayotte, Reunion, and French Southern and Antarctic Islands.

Feb 78

200nm

Decrees (No. 78-276, 200nm EEZ: Guadeloupe; Martinque. 277) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Mar 72 Agreement St. Pierre and Miquelon: fisheries zone agreement with Canada EIF. See LIS No. 57. Jan 80 Agreement Wallis and Futuna Islands: maritime boundary agreement with Tonga EIF. Reunion: EEZ boundary agreement with Mauritius EIF. See LIS No. 95. Guadeloupe and Martinique: maritime boundary agreement with Venezuela. EIF Dept. of Guyane (French Guiana): maritime boundary agreement with Brazil EIF. Martinique: maritime boundary agreement with St. Lucia EIF.

Mar 78

Apr 80

Agreement

Jul 80

Agreement

Jan 81

Agreement

Mar 81

Agreement

239

Apr 84

Agreement

Nov 85

Exchange of Notes between France and Tuvalu Agreement

Dec 88

Guadeloupe and Martinique: agreement delimiting two boundaries with Dominica EIF. French Polynesia: agreement with the Cook Islands EIF. New Caledonia: agreement with Solomon Islands EIF. St. Pierre and Miquelon: maritime boundary delimited with Canada. St. Martin and St. Barthelemy: agreement with UK (Anguilla) signed. Guadeloupe: agreement with UK (Montserrat) signed.

Aug 90

Agreement

Nov 90

Agreement

Jun 92

Court of Arbitration Decision Agreement

Jun 96

Agreement

Ile de la Grande Glorieuse and Ile du Lys: delimiting EEZ and continental shelf with Seychelles. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Apr 96 France ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement; presumed applicable to its dependencies. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS FRANCE - CANADA (ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON) The agreement and the comments following are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 57, Canada-St. Pierre and Miquelon Territorial Sea Boundary of 12 September 1974. The line which determines the limit of the territorial waters of Canada and the zones submitted to the fishery jurisdiction of France extends northward and westward in a series of eight connected straight lines joining the following points: 1. Equidistant 12 nm from L'Enfant Perdu (France) and Lamaline Shag Rock (Canada). Latitude 4638'46"N., Longitude 5554'12"W. approximately. 2. Equidistant from L'Enfant Perdu (France) and Lamaline Shag Rock and Otter Rock (Canada). Latitude 4641'56"N., Longitude 5558'57"W.approximately.

Feb 2001

Agreement

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3. Equidistant from L'Enfant Perdu (France) and Otter Rock and Enfant Perdu (Canada). Latitude 4648'10"N., Longitude 5558'57"W. approximately. 4. The low water mark on the south-westernmost point on Enfant Perdu (Canada). Latitude 4651'20"N., Longitude 5605'30"W. approximately. 5. The low water mark on the west point of the south-westernmost island of the Little Green Island group. Latitude 4651'36"N., Longitude 5605'58"W. approximately. 6. The intersection of the French mid-channel line of 1907 with a line parallel to, and 3 miles distant from a line joining Green Island to Dantzig Point. Latitude 4655'52"N., Longitude 5607'47"W. approximately. 7. The intersection of the French mid-channel line of 1907 with the median line, equidistant from Bout du Nordet (France) and Little Plate Island (Canada). Latitude 4706'02"N., Longitude 5606'18" W. approximately. 8. Equidistant from Cap du Nid a l'Aigle (France) and Little Plate Island and the southwest Wolf Rock (Canada). Latitude 4718'19"N. Longitude 5615'18"W. approximately. 9. The intersection of the French mid-channel line of 1907 with the outer limit of Canada's 12-mile territorial Sea. Latitude 4721'54"N., Longitude 5629'40"W. approximately. U.S. ANALYSIS The analysis of the Canada-St. Pierre and Miquelon territorial sea boundary utilized DMAHC Chart N.O. 14340, 20th Edition, November 1943, revised November 11, 1972, and Canadian Hydrographic Service Chart 405, compiled in 1971. The territorial sea agreement and boundary delimitation were printed on the above Canadian chart. The territorial sea boundary extends for a distance of 54.34 nm, with an average distance between the turning point of 6.79 nm. The average water depth at the turning points is 60.6 fathoms, with depths ranging from 35 to 160 fathoms. Five of the territorial sea boundary turning points are equidistant from Canadian and French territory. Overall, the turning points are an average of 6.79 nm from Canadian territory and 7.62 nm from St. Pierre and Miquelon. The southern terminus of the territorial sea boundary, Point 1, is located 12 nm equidistant from L'Enfant Perdu (France) 4647'08"N., 5606'48"W.) and Lamaline Shag Rock (Canada) (4650'24"N., 5549'40"W.). Turning Point 2 is 9.30 nm equidistant from L'Enfant Perdu (France) and Lamaline Shag Rock and Otter Rock (4651'00"N., 5552'16"W.) (Canada). The distance between Point 1 and Point 2 is 3.16 nm. Point 3 is 6.61 nm from Point 2 and 6.61 nm equidistant from L'Enfant Perdu (France) and Otter Rock and Enfant Perdu (Canada). From Point 3 to Point 4 is a distance of 5.50 nm. Point 4 is not equidistant from French and Canadian territory; it is located at the low-water mark off the southwest point of Enfant Perdu, a Canadian islet. Petit Colombier, a French islet immediately north of Great Colombier, is 3.25 nm from Point 4 and is the nearest French territory. Point 4 and 5 are separated by a distance of 0.35 nm. Point 5 is not equidistant from the two sovereignties, but is located at the low-water mark on the west point of the south-westernmost island of the Little Green Island group, which is Canadian. Petit Colombier, 3.18 nm southwest of Point 5, is the closest French islet. The distance between Points 5 and 6 is 4.40 nm. Point 6 is not an equidistant site; it is located at the intersection of the French mid-channel line of 1907 with a line parallel to, and 3 nm west of, a line joining Green Island and Dantzic Point, Newfoundland. The nearest Canadian territory to Point 6 is 5.88 nm at a location a little north of Little Dantzic Cove. The French islet of Petit du Cap, north of Cap Perce, is 5.22 nm from Point 6. Point 7 is 10.30 nm from Point 6, and is also 5.30 nm equidistant from Little Plate Island (Canada) and Bout du Nordet (4704'43"N., 5613'13"W.) (France). Point 7 also marks the intersection of the French mid-channel line of 1907 and the median line equidistant from the islands of Little Plate and Bout du Nordet. It is 13.68 nm between Points 7 and 8. According to the annex to the agreement, Point 8 is equidistant from Cap du Nid a l'Aigle (variant name is Cap Miquelon) (France) and Little Plate Island and the southwest Wolf Rocks (Canada). An analysis of the Canadian and U.S. hydrographic charts reveals that it is Big Plate Island and not Little Plate Island that is the location which is equidistant from Point 8 on the

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Canadian side. Further, it is the southernmost Wolf Rocks, and not the southwest Wolf Rocks, which is another site on the Canadian side equidistant from Point 8. Point 8 is 10.30 nm from both Canadian and French territory. The distance from Point 8 to Point 9 is 10.34 nm. Point 9 is not equidistant from French and Canadian territory; it is situated at the intersection of the French-mid-channel line of 1907 and the outer limit of Canada's 12nm territorial sea. The territorial sea is measured from the Canadian straight baseline which closes Hermitage Bay. Point 9 is 12.85 nm from southwest Wolf Rocks (Canada and 14.50nm from Cap du Nid a l'Aigle (Cap Miquelon) (France). Summary The territorial sea boundary between St. Pierre and Miquelon (France) and Newfoundland (Canada) utilizes both the equidistance principle and negotiated locations in delimiting the 54.34 nm boundary. Five of the turning points are equidistant locations, whereas the other four points represent negotiated positions. Islands were both considered and ignored as locational factors in the boundary delimitation. FRANCE - MAURITIUS (REUNION) The following comments are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 95, Maritime Boundary: France (Reunion) Mauritius" of 16 April 1982. U.S. ANALYSIS The boundary which, according to the treaty, separates the respective economic zones of the islands, consists of seven turning and terminal points and runs in a northwesterly-southeasterly direction. The boundary runs between the similarly shaped and sized islands of Reunion and Mauritius and traverses relatively deep water (3300-5000 meters) in the southwestern part of the Indian Ocean. In the northwest, the boundary commences as a tripoint approximately 153 nautical miles seaward of Reunion, Mauritius and the island Of Tromelin (an unassociated French island administered from Reunion). The boundary is a median line since, as noted in the treaty, the two countries agreed that in this particular situation the equidistant method constituted an equitable system of delimitation. The distance between boundary points and the nearest territories are listed in the attached table. Distance in length of the entire boundary is 364.8 nm. TABLE C1.T93. FRANCE (REUNION) - MAURITIUS MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 LINES Equidistant 153 nm from Saint Denis/Ile Tromelin (France) and Flat Island (Mauritius). Latitude 1817'11"S., Longitude 5530'20"E. approximately. Equidistant 112 nm from Saint Denis (France) and Cononniers Pt. (Mauritius). Latitude 1900'49"S., Longitude 5550'45"E.approximately. From Point 1, 47.5 nm. Equidistant 60.5 nm from Pte. De lEtaing (France) and Ilot Morne vicinity (Mauritius). Latitude 2004'57"S., Longitude 5617'39"E. approximately. From Point 2, 68.7 nm. Equidistant 47 nm from rock near Pte. De Piton (France) and point near Le Morne Brabant (Mauritius). Latitude 2035'55"S., Longitude 5627'44"E. approximately. From Point 3, 32.3 nm. Equidistant 56 nm from Pte. de Bambou (France) and point near Le Morne Brabant (Mauritius). Latitude 2118'19"S., Longitude 5650'09"E. approximately. From Point 4, 47.2 nm. Equidistant 90 nm from Pte. De la Table (France) and southwestern coast of Flat Island (Mauritius). Latitude 2200'32"S., Longitude 5714'40"E. approximately. From Point 5, 47.9 nm. Equidistant 200 nm from Pte. De la Ravine dAngo and Pte. De Sable-Blanca (France) and the south-central coast of Flat Island (Mauritius). Latitude 2348'05"S., Longitude 5814'23" E. approximately. From Point 6, 121.2 nm.

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GABON
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 92 Decree No. 002066 12nm Reaffirmed 12nm territorial sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Dec 92 Decree No. 002066 Straight baselines and normal baselines STRAIGHT BASELINES, & established (straight baselines from HISTORIC CLAIMS northern border to Cap Lopez, enclosing Bay of Nazare as internal waters). These straight baseline claims are not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jul 84 Law No. 9/84 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 84 Law No. 9/84 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 2001 Agreement Maritime Border agreement with Sao Tome and Principe. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Apr 95 Mar 98 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the December 1992 Decree No. 002066/Pr/Mhcucdm, Defining the Baselines from which the Breadth of the Territorial Sea is Measured. Article 1 The breadth of the territorial sea, which is established at 12nm... shall be measured from the straight baselines and normal baselines. Article 2 In the maritime zone extending between Cocobeach and Cap Lopez, the territorial sea shall be measured from the straight baselines connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T94. GABON STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT A B C D E LOCATION Cocobeach (Pointe Astro) Mbanie Cap Esterias (Pointe Megombie) Pointe Ngombe (Lighthouse) Cap Lopez LATITUDE 1, 00', 02" N 0, 48', 39" N 0, 35', 19" N 0, 18', 35" N 0, 37', 54" S LONGITUDE 9, 34', 58" E 9, 22', 50" E 9, 19', 01" E 9, 18', 19" E 8, 42', 13" E

Article 3 In the maritime zone extending between Cap Lopez and the Gabon-Congo frontier, the territorial sea shall be measured from the low-water line along the coast, as marked on large scale charts officially recognized by Gabon.

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Article 4 The ellipsoid and point of origin used to determine the geographical coordinates shall be: The CLARKE 1880 ellipsoid at the following points of origin in UTM zones 32 and 33: Latitude: 0 42' 53" 3 S Longitude: 0 09' 49" 4 E Article 5 The maritime boundary of the State of Gabon, established from the baselines, as defined, shall be subject to every jurisdiction arising from Gabonese rights of national sovereignty, as stipulated in the pertinent provisions of Law 9/84 of July 9, 1984, establishing an exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles.

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GAMBIA, THE
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jul 69 Act No. 9 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jul 69 Act No. 9 18nm Claimed right to "exercise control necessary to prevent and punish the infringement of any law or right of The Gambia." _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 65 Continental Shelf Act, NonClaimed authority to prohibit navigation in No. 25 specific designated areas. Claimed right to exercise control seaward of territorial sea with respect to seabed and subsoil. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 77 Fisheries Act, No. 17 200nm Exclusive fishing zone. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Aug 76 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Senegal EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. May 84 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES AGREEMENT THE GAMBIA - SENEGAL The following is extracted from the agreement between The Gambia and Senegal, signed on 4 June 1975, and entered into force on 27 August 1976, as set forth in Limits in the Seas, No. 85, "Maritime Boundaries: The Gambia-Senegal." Article 1 The maritime boundary to the North commences from the point of intersection of the land boundary with the coast and follows the parallel of latitude 13 35' 36" North. Article 2 The maritime boundary to the South commences from the point T of intersection of the land boundary situated to the South of the River Allahein (or San Pedro) with the coast and of which the coordinates are: Latitude: 13 03' 51" North; Longitude: 16 44' 49" West. From point T, the maritime boundary proceeds in a south-westerly direction as far as point M of which the coordinates are: Latitude: 13 01' 21" North; Longitude: 16 45' 19" West. From point M, the maritime frontier proceeds in a northerly direction as far as point P of which the coordinates are: Latitude: 13 03' 27" North; Longitude: 16 45' 22" West. From point P, the maritime frontier follows the parallel of latitude 13 03' 27" North. Jul 66 Continental Shelf Act (Revised)

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Article 3 The boundaries defined in Articles 1 and 2 above have been delimited on the basis of the French Chart No. 6125 on the scale of 1:300,500 (latitude 13 40')....

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GEORGIA
Maritime claims of the former Soviet Union are considered to remain in effect for its component successor States, unless otherwise declared. On 24 December 1998, Georgia passed domestic legislation regarding its maritime spaces, but an English translation has not been made available as of this printing. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 73 Protocol (amended 1983) 12nm Territorial sea boundary between Soviet and Turkish waters delimited. See LIS No. 109. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 85 Council of Ministers USSR established straight baselines for STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Decree coasts on the Arctic Ocean, Black Sea, HISTORIC CLAIMS and Baltic Sea. However, none of the 1985 USSR straight baselines apply to the coast of what is now Georgia, where the USSR declared normal baselines. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 78 Agreement Continental shelf boundary between USSR and Turkey (Black Sea) signed; EIF May 1981. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Dec 86 Exchange of Notes Establishes that the continental shelf Feb 87 (Agreement) boundary from the 1978 agreement with Turkey also constitutes EEZ boundary. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 73 Agreement Territorial sea boundary (Black Sea) agreement between Turkey and former USSR signed; ratified by Turkey May 82, by USSR Jan 74. A Protocol delimiting this boundary was signed Sep 83. See LIS Nos. 59 and 109. Jun 78 Agreement Continental shelf boundary (Black Sea) agreement between Turkey and the former USSR signed; EIF May 81. See LIS No. 109. Turkey and USSR agree to use the continental shelf boundary as the boundary for the EEZ.

Feb 87

Exchange of Notes

Agreement with Turkey confirming the validity of the above treaties between Turkey and the former USSR. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LAW OF THE SEA Mar 96 Acceded to Convention; bound by Part XI CONVENTION Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT GEORGIA - TURKEY On 14 July 1997, Turkey and Georgia signed a Protocol confirming the validity of the agreements Turkey signed with the former USSR establishing the territorial sea, continental shelf, and EEZ boundaries between the two countries in the Black Sea. The Protocol that defined the territorial sea boundary was signed on 17 April 1973, ratified by the USSR on 3 January 1974, and ratified by Turkey on 3 May 1982. (The text and an analysis of the 1973 Protocol are printed in Limits in the Seas, No. 59, Soviet-Turkey Territorial Sea Boundary, 9 October 1974.) A Protocol-Description delimiting this boundary was signed on 11 September 1983. Excerpts from the Protocol-Description, below, and the analysis

Jul 97

Protocol

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following it are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 109, "Continental Shelf Boundary: Turkey-U.S.S.R. and Straight Baselines: U.S.S.R. (Black Sea)" of 29 September 1988. The sea boundary line between Soviet and Turkish territorial seas in the Black Sea is defined at the locality of two leading marks and one sea spar buoy in the sea. ...Calculation of the rectangular coordinates of the centers of the front and rear range marks, as well as the installation point of the sea spar buoy and the terminal point of the sea boundary line were done under the Turkish system of coordinates, under the Gauss-Kruger projection on the Hayford ellipsoid in the coordinated zone with axial meridian Lo = 42. The elevations indicated in the documents were calculated on the mean level of the Black Sea. The map of the sea boundary between the territorial waters of the [USSR] and the Republic of Turkey in the Black Sea is compiled on a scale of 1:100,000. Moreover, the topographic plan was compiled of the border zone of the Soviet-Turkish boundary in the region where the range marks are located, on a scale of 1:5000. With respect to the range marks which define the sea boundary line, the following documents have been compiled: protocol of the front range mark, protocol of the rear range mark, rough sketch-diagram on a scale of 1:2,500, and protocol of the sea spar buoy. A map, plan and rough sketch-diagram were compiled by each side independently in its own language in accordance with instructions approved by the Joint Soviet-Turkish Commission on Delimiting the Sea Boundary. The initial point of the sea boundary line between the territorial waters of the [USSR] and the Republic of Turkey in the Black Sea is the final point of the Soviet-Turkish state land boundary, defined during the redemarcation of the boundary in 1969-1973. In accordance with documents of the border redemarcation of December 29, 1973, this point is located at the place where the shoreline of the Black Sea intersects with the continuation of the perpendicular dropped from the center of the special boundary mark, which is located on the land boundary line, onto the direct line uniting the Soviet and Turkish column of the main boundary mark No. 450. The geographic and rectangular coordinates of the initial point of the sea boundary line are as follows: TABLE C1.T95. GEORGIA - TURKEY BLACK SEA BOUNDARY Latitude = 41 31' 18.39" X = 4,596,860.80 Longitude = 41 32' 55.06" Y = 462,337.80

From the point indicated above, the Soviet-Turkish sea boundary line between the territorial waters of the [USSR] and the Republic of Turkey passes along a straight line in a northwesterly direction along the 290 azimuth, and approaches the final point of the Soviet-Turkish sea boundary line at a point that intersects the external boundary line of the territorial seas of the [USSR] and the Republic of Turkey. The final point of the sea boundary line between the USSR and Turkey in the Black Sea is defined as the point where the 12-mile boundary of Soviet and Turkish territorial seas, formed by arcs drawn at a distance of 12 miles from the Soviet and Turkish coasts, intersects the boundary line between the territorial seas, passing along the 290 00' 00" azimuth. The geographic and rectangular coordinates of the final point of the sea boundary line are as follows: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T95. Latitude = 41 35' 43.41" X = 4,605,187.44 Longitude = 41 16' 40.88" Y = 439,827.34

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The range marks built on the extension of the sea boundary line on the territory of the [USSR] and the Republic of Turkey are located at a distance of 288.50 meters from one another and are situated as follows: the front range mark in the region of main boundary mark No. 450, and the rear range mark in the region of main boundary mark No. 448. The range marks provide shields for daytime visibility and for the lighting (beacon) equipment, and are counted on to ensure daytime and nighttime visibility during good atmospheric conditions all along the sea boundary line. At night the direction of the sea boundary line is defined by combining the light of the rear range mark with the white light of the central light sector of the front range mark along the vertical line. The lighting (beacon) equipment of the front range mark is equipped with a red and green light filter, each having a lighting sector of 10. The red light warns vessels approaching from the Turkish Side, and the green light warns vessels approaching from the Soviet side that they are nearing the boundary line. Two lateral white lights of the lighting sector of the front range mark point out to the vessels the location of that sign. In terms of locality, the distance between range marks is slight (288.50 m). Therefore the range marks will be seen as overlapping at a certain distance on both sides from the sea boundary line. In the middle of the boundary this distance is approximately 150 meters, while at the end of the boundary it is approximately 550 meters to each side of the sea boundary line. U.S. ANALYSIS Territorial Sea Boundary The territorial sea boundary between Turkey and the USSR was defined by a protocol signed on April 17, 1973. Under the terms of this protocol the territorial sea boundary was to begin at the terminus of their land boundary and extend northwest at a 290 azimuth to the outer limit of the territorial sea claims (12 nautical miles) of Turkey and the USSR; a joint commission was to undertake the delimitation of the territorial sea boundary. The results of this commission's work are given in the 1983 protocol. The coordinates of the terminal points of the territorial sea boundary listed in the protocol vary slightly from those given in the earlier study by the Office of the Geographer [LIS No. 59] due to differences in the initial point selected, charts used, and mathematical model (shape) assumed for the earth's surface. Nature of the Boundary The territorial sea boundary is a single, almost 13 nautical mile (nm), geodetic line segment extending from the terminus of the TurkeyUSSR land boundary, which has been redemarcated between 1969 and 1973, to the outer limit of the 12 nm territorial seas claimed by both Turkey and the USSR. The geodetic character of the line segment can be deduced because a rhumb line with the same terminal points has a slightly smaller azimuth than that required under terms of the 1973 protocol and reiterated in the 1983 delimitation protocol (290 00' 00"). A geodetic line with the terminal points listed in the 1983 protocol fulfills the azimuthal requirement. A geodetic line also best fulfills the term "straight line," which is used in the 1980 Protocol. A rhumb line, though appearing as a straight line on a Mercator map, is a spiral on the surface of the earth, whereas a geodetic line is the shortest--and therefore straightest--line between two points on a mathematically-defined spheroid surface, such as the surface of the earth. Depiction The territorial sea boundary was depicted on maps reprinted with the 1983 protocol and technical appendices in the Turkish gazette. The protocol explicitly states that calculations were done on the Turkish system of coordinates using a Gauss-Kruger (transverse Mercator) projection and Hayford ellipsoid. The following is extracted from the Agreement between Turkey and the USSR concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf in the Black Sea (signed 23 June 1978, EIF May 1981). Article I The boundary of the continental shelf between the Republic of Turkey and the [USSR] in the Black sea is the line that begins on the final point of the sea boundary line between the territorial seas of Turkey and the Soviet Union in the Black Sea as established by a Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the [USSR] on Determining the Sea Boundary Line between the Territorial Seas of Turkey and Soviet Union in the Black Sea, of April 17, 1973. This line proceeds in general in a westerly direction through points, the geographic coordinates of which are as follows:

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TABLE C1.T96. GEORGIA - TURKEY CONTINENTAL SHELF/EEZ COORDINATES LATITUDE NORTH 4135'41 4157'00" 4201'52" 4208'21" 4220'15" 4225'28" 4310'55" 4326'04" 4326'08" 4311'17" 4311'50" 4320'43" LONGITUDE EAST 4116'33" 4041'33" 4026'00" 3949'37" 3900'13" 3832'10" 3650'42" 3610'57" 3530'25" 3413'10" 3336'56" 3200'00"

[T]he delimitation line of the continental shelf between the Republic of Turkey and the [USSR] will be defined up to the point with the following coordinates: 4320'43" north latitude and 3200'00" east longitude. [S]ettling the question of drawing the delimitation line of the continental shelf further to the west...will be carried out...during...negotiations which will be held at a suitable time.

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GERMANY
The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) unified on October 3, 1990. GDR claims are no longer in force following German unification. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 95 Proclamation of 11/11/94 12nm Although a deep-water anchorage west of Helgoland remains a part of the territorial sea, the box in Helgolander Bucht is no longer claimed. The claim preserves a 4nm-wide high seas corridor through the Femer Belt, to a point north of the approaches to Rostock, to a point south of the Island of Man. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, 1970 Legislation Established straight baselines in North STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Sea. See LIS No. 38. HISTORIC CLAIMS Jan 95 Proclamation of 11/11/94 Reiterated baselines in North Sea, revised the baseline coordinates in the Baltic Sea, authorized further bilateral agreements with neighboring states. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jan 64 Declaration of 1/20/64 1958 DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 95 Proclamation of 11/25/94 200nm Established the outer limits of the EEZ in North and Baltic Seas (200nm, to the extent geographically allowable). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 64 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with the Netherlands (North Sea) signed; EIF Sep 65. Jun 65 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement, and Protocol, with Denmark (North Sea) signed; EIF May 66. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Poland (Baltic Sea) signed. Regarding continental shelf boundaries between Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands in the North Sea. Change to boundary with Denmark in Flensborg Fiord area EIF (additional Protocol EIF Sep 71). Continental shelf boundary agreement and Protocol (based on ICJ Judgment of 1969) with Denmark and the Netherlands (North Sea) signed; EIF Dec 72. Continental shelf boundary agreement with the UK (North Sea) signed.

Oct 68

Agreement

Feb 69

ICJ Judgment

Oct 70

Exchange of Notes (Agreement)

Jan 71

Agreements (2)

Nov 71

Agreement

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Sep 88

Agreement

May 89

Agreement

Confirmation of maritime boundary with Poland signed (post-German unification). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jul 94 Signed Part XI Agreement. Acceded to Convention and ratified Part XI Agreement, with Declaration expressly affirming fundamental right of innocent passage for warships, right to conduct military exercises in EEZs of other nations. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the 11 November 1994 FRG Proclamation, which entered into force in January 1995, concerning the Breadth of the German Territorial Sea. I The outer limit of the territorial sea of the Federal Republic of Germany shall be determined in accordance with the specifications given hereunder. All earlier announcements concerning the delimitation of the German territorial sea shall thereby cease to apply. North Sea The outer limit of the territorial sea of the Federal Republic of Germany in the North Sea shall be a line running at a distance of 12 nautical miles, measured from the low-water line and the straight baselines, as appropriate. The existing deep-water anchorage shall remain part of the territorial sea, its limits being a line connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T97. GERMAN TERRITORIAL SEA COORDINATES: NORTH SEA POINT 1 2 3 4 LATITUDE NORTH 5408'11"N 5408'19"N 5401'39"N 5400'27"N LONGITUDE EAST 724'36"E 726'59"E 733'04"E 724'36"E Oct 94

Nov 90

Agreement

The geographical coordinates of the above points shall be determined by reference to European Datum (ED 50).

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Baltic Sea The outer limit of the territorial sea of the Federal Republic of Germany in the Baltic Sea shall be a line connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T98. GERMAN TERRITORIAL SEA COORDINATES: BALTIC SEA GERMAN TERRITORIAL SEA COORDINATES: BALTIC SEA POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 LATITUDE NORTH 5444'17"N 5441'46"N 5439'27"N 5436'45"N 5435'35"N 5434'08"N 5432'51"N 5431'14"N 5430'39"N 5430'51"N 5432'50"N 5433'21"N 5434'10"N 5434'37"N 5433'31"N 5431'46"N 5430'46"N 5430'18"N 5428'26"N 5426'23"N 5424'27"N 5422'25"N 5419'53"N 5420'01"N 5423'07"N 5423'07"N 5427'04"N 5430'42"N 5431'05"N 5434'40"N 5444'38"N LONGITUDE EAST 1010'14"E 1013'12"E 1015'34"E 1018'36"E 1020'24"E 1025'47"E 1030'24"E 1035'63"E 1039'12"E 1054'21"E 1049'16"E 1058'51"E 1100'07"E 1108'33"E 1112'23"E 1118'44"E 1119'23"E 1121'03"E 1124'13"E 1128'34"E 1132'22"E 1135'23"E 1138'44"E 1157'10"E 1209'13"E 1209'59"E 1215'35"E 1218'05"E 1217'36"E 1219'24"E 1245'00"E

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GERMAN TERRITORIAL SEA COORDINATES: BALTIC SEA POINT LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST

From point (31), the limit shall continue running at a distance of 12 nm, measured from the low-water line and the straight baselines, as appropriate, until reaching point (32) as follows: 32 5416'30,3"N 1404'49,9"E

From this point, the outer limit shall be a line connecting the following points: 33 34 35 36 37 5416'14,8"N 5414'22,0"N 5407'36,4"N 5359'18,1"N 5355'42,1"N 1404'14,7",E 1410'08,9"E 1412'09,1"E 1414'35,9"E 1413'37,8"E

The geographic coordinates of the above points shall be determined by reference to European Datum (ED 50). In some areas of the Baltic Sea, the breadth of the territorial sea as extended by virtue of the present Proclamation is less than the twelve nautical miles permitted under international law. This shall not be construed as meaning a renunciation of the Federal Republic of Germany's legal claim to the full breadth of the territorial sea. EEZ LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the Proclamation concerning the Establishment of an Exclusive Economic Zone of the Federal Republic of Germany in the North Sea and in the Baltic Sea of 25 November 1994. I The Federal Republic of Germany shall establish, as of 1 January 1995, an exclusive economic zone in the North Sea and in the Baltic Sea beyond the outer limit of its territorial sea. II The outer limit of the exclusive economic zone of the Federal Republic of Germany in the North Sea shall be a line connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T99. GERMAN EEZ COORDINATES: NORTH SEA GERMAN EEZ COORDINATES: NORTH SEA POINT E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 LATITUDE NORTH 53 43' 30.8" N 53 45' 03.0" N 53 48' 52.9" N 53 59' 56.8" N 54 11' 12.0" N 54 37' 12.0" N 55 00' 00.0" N 55 20' 00.0" N LONGITUDE EAST 6 20' 49.7" E 6 19' 58.3" E 6 15' 51.3" E 6 06' 28.2" E 6 00' 00.0" E 5 00' 00.0" E 5 00' 00.0" E 4 20' 00.0" E

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GERMAN EEZ COORDINATES: NORTH SEA POINT E8 D S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 LATITUDE NORTH 55 45' 54.0" N 55 50' 06.0" N 55 55' 09.4" N 55 46' 21.8" N 55 24' 15.0" N 55 15' 00.0" N 55 15' 00.0" N 55 30' 40.3" N 55 10' 03.4" N 55 05' 59.4" N LONGITUDE EAST 3 22' 13.0" E 3 24' 00.0" E 3 21' 00.0" E 4 15' 00.0" E 4 45' 00.0" E 5 09' 00.0" E 5 24' 12.0" E 5 45' 00.0" E 7 33' 09.6" E 8 02' 44.4" E

The geographical coordinates of the above points shall be determined by reference to European Datum (ED 50). III The outer limits of the exclusive economic zone of the Federal Republic of Germany in the Baltic Sea shall be a line connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T100. GERMAN EEZ COORDINATES: BALTIC SEA GERMAN EEZ COORDINATES: BALTIC SEA POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 LATITUDE NORTH 54 45' 24.0" N 54 42' 49.7" N 54 40' 29.6" N 54 37' 59.9" N 54 37' 15.4" N 54 35' 56.8" N 54 34' 37.0" N 54 33' 06.0" N 54 32' 39.8" N 54 32' 49.2" N 54 34' 52.3" N 54 37' 10.2" N 54 38' 14.6" N 54 38' 28.3" N 54 38' 16.3" N 54 37' 19.7" N LONGITUDE EAST 10 13' 06.0" E 10 16' 07.9" E 10 18' 29.9" E 10 21' 18.4" E 10 22' 27.6" E 10 27' 15.9" E 10 31' 58.5" E 10 36' 50.0" E 10 39' 37.3" E 10 43' 59.0" E 10 48' 02.1" E 10 52' 25.1" E 10 54' 15.3" E 11 00' 20.7" E 11 04' 30.0" E 11 09' 28.2" E

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GERMAN EEZ COORDINATES: BALTIC SEA POINT 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 LATITUDE NORTH 54 36' 33.0" N 54 35' 11.2" N 54 34' 11.6" N 54 31' 57.0" N 54 29' 53.1" N 54 27' 53.4" N 54 25' 47.7" N 54 23' 36.0" N 54 21' 56.7" N 54 21' 53.4" N 54 22' 00.5" N 54 24' 39.9" N 54 41' 15.9" N 54 45' 49.7" N 54 50' 01.7" N 55 00' 30.2" N 55 00' 37.9" N 55 01' 16.9" N 54 57' 53.9" N 54 57' 44.8" N 54 48' 45.0" N 54 48' 45.0" N 54 39' 30.0" N 54 32' 10.4" N 54 31' 57.7" N 54 29' 56.4" N 54 22' 56.5" N 54 10' 04.6" N 54 07' 35.0" N 54 07' 36.4" N LONGITUDE EAST 11 12' 30.9" E 11 15' 36.4" E 11 19' 17.7" E 11 23' 04.8" E 11 26' 36.6" E 11 30' 49.9" E 11 34' 55.1" E 11 38' 12.2" E 11 40' 20.7" E 11 40' 14.7" E 11 56' 25.6" E 12 06' 43.5" E 12 26' 35.7" E 12 44' 59.9" E 12 56' 02.4" E 13 08' 53.1" E 13 09' 26.8" E 13 47' 08.4" E 13 59' 15.3" E 13 59' 34.2" E 14 10' 22.0" E 14 24' 51.0" E 14 24' 51.0" E 14 38' 12.2" E 14 37' 42.0" E 14 44' 56.7" E 14 35' 55.7" E 14 21' 05.0" E 14 14' 18.9" E 14 12' 09.1" E

The geographical coordinates of the above points shall be determined by reference to European Datum (ED 50).

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IV The lines connecting, respectively, points 25 and 26, 32 and 33, 35 and 36, as well as 40 and 41 have been drawn on the proviso that they are subject to pertinent agreements with the neighboring States concerned in each case.

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GHANA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 86 Maritime Zones 12nm Repealed 1973 and 1977 Decrees. (Delimitation) Law _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 86 Maritime Zones 24nm (Delimitation) Law _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 86 Maritime Zones 200nm Repealed 1973 Decree. (Delimitation) Law _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 86 Maritime Zones 200nm Established EEZ; repealed 1973 Decree. (Delimitation) Law _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jun 83 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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GREECE
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Sep 31 Presidential Decree 6/18 10nm Decree to define the extent of the territorial waters for the purposes of aviation and the control thereof. Sep 36 Law No. 230/1936 6nm Presidential Decree 6/18 not affected.

The U.S. does not recognize territorial airspace claims which exceed the territorial sea claim. U.S. protested claim in 1983, 1984 and 1985, and conducted operational assertions in 1983 and 1984 (overflights). ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF 1969 Decree Law No. 142/1969 1958 DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES May 77 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Italy signed; EIF Nov 80. See LIS No. 96. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration that, where there are numerous islands and alternative straits serving the same international navigation route, the coastal State has responsibility for designating routes for transit passage. Jul 94 Jul 95 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement, reiterating its Declaration on straits (above). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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GRENADA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 91 Territorial Sea and 12nm Maritime Boundaries Act, No. 25 of 1989 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 91 Territorial Sea and Enabling legislation for straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Maritime Boundaries Act, HISTORIC CLAIMS No. 25 of 1989 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 91 Territorial Sea and 200nm Maritime Boundaries Act, No. 25 of 1989 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EEZ/FISHING ZONE Aug 91 Territorial Sea and 200nm Maritime Boundaries Act, No. 25 of 1989 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Aug 91 Territorial Sea and Jurisdiction over preservation and REGULATION Maritime Boundaries Act, protection of environment and prevention No. 25 of 1989 and control of pollution claimed within EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Apr 91 Nov 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement.

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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GUATEMALA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jul 76 Legislative Decree No. 12nm 20-76 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 40 Decree No. 2393 Claimed Gulf of Amatique to be an historic STRAIGHT BASELINES, & bay. HISTORIC CLAIMS Feb 97 Declaration upon Reiterated historic bay claim. accession to 1982 LOS Convention _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Sep 65 Constitution 1958 DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 76 Legislative Decree No. 200nm EEZ. 20-76 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Jun 76 Congressional Decree Jurisdiction over preservation of REGULATION No. 20-76 environment and control and elimination of pollution claimed within EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jul 83 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention, with Declaration that the approval of the Convention shall not "affect the rights of Guatemala over the territory of Belize, including the islands, cays, and islets, or its historical rights over Bahia de Amatique, and accordingly, the territorial sea and maritime zones cannot be delimited until such time as the existing dispute is resolved." Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Feb 97

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GUINEA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jul 80 Decree No. 336/PRG/80 12nm Taking of photographs and transport of "toxic or dangerous substances" considered to be criminal acts. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 80 Decree No. 336/PRG/80 Rescinded 1964 coordinates, appears to STRAIGHT BASELINES, & modify former objectionable concept of HISTORIC CLAIMS one straight baseline encompassing the entire coast. See LIS No. 40. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 80 Decree No. 336/PRG/80 200nm EEZ: same lateral limits as territorial sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Jul 80 Decree No. 336/PRG/80 Pollution in territorial sea considered to be REGULATION criminal act. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 85 Arbitral Panel Award Boundary with Guinea-Bissau delimited. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Oct 84 Signed Convention. Sep 85 Ratified Convention, with Declaration asserting rights in dispute with Belize, and over Bay of Amatique as historic waters. Signed Part XI Agreement.

Aug 94

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from Decree No. 336/PRG of 30 July 1980. Article 1 The breadth of the territorial waters of the Peoples Revolutionary Republic of Guinea shall be twelve (12) nautical miles, measured from the low water line. Article 2. The breadth of the exclusive economic zone shall be two hundred (200) nautical miles, measured from the low-water line. Article 4 The limits of the territorial waters and of the exclusive economic zone shall be established as follows: In the north, by a line drawn from the intersection point of 10 56 42 north latitude and 15 05 00 west longitude along the thalweg of the Cajet River, thence to the southwest across the Passe des Pilotes as far as the parallel 10 40 00 (at the intersection point of the coordinates 10 40 00 north and 15 20 30 west), and thence along that parallel for a distance of 200 nautical miles out to sea; In the south, by the parallel 9 03 18 north latitude for a distance of 200 nautical miles out to sea, measured from the low-water line.

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GUINEA-BISSAU
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA May 85 Law No. 3/85 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, May 85 Act No. 2/85 Delimits straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS These baseline claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertion in 1989. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 85 Act No. 3/85 200nm EEZ; foreign fishing prohibited in EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 60 Exchange of diplomatic Maritime boundary agreement with notes between France & Senegal EIF. See LIS No. 68. Portugal Feb 85 Jul 89 Nov 91 Arbitral Panel Award Arbitral Panel Award ICJ Decision (regarding appeal by Guinea-Bissau of 1985, 1989 awards) Agreement Boundary with Guinea delimited. 1960 boundary with Senegal upheld. Upheld both arbitral panel awards.

Establishes "joint exploitation zone" (EEZ) with Senegal. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Aug 86 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from Act No. 2/85 of 17 May 1985. In view of the need to establish straight baselines in accordance with the Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982; At the proposal of the Council of Ministers and in exercise of the functions and powers conferred on it under article 56, item 8, of the Constitution, the People's National Assembly approves, and I promulgate, the following Act: Article 1 In the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, the straight baselines for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea shall be defined by the points whose geographical co-ordinates are given in the following table: TABLE C1.T101. GUINEA-BISSAU STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1 2 3 4 NORTH LATITUDE 12 20' 20" 11 38' 12" 11 16' 18" 11 01' 34" WEST LONGITUDE 16 43' 05" 16 35' 12" 16 28' 53" 16 11' 04"

Oct 93

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POINT 5 6 NORTH LATITUDE 10 51' 25" 10 50' 00" WEST LONGITUDE 15 43' 35" 15 10' 30"

Article 2 Any legal provisions which are at variance with this act shall be revoked. Article 3 This act shall enter into force immediately. MARITIME BOUNDARY GUINEA-BISSAU - SENEGAL Decree No. 60-504 of 25 May 1960 published the exchange of notes, regarding the maritime boundary between Guinea-Bissau and Senegal (which, at the time, were territories of Portugal and France, respectively), signed in April 1960. In July 1989, an Arbitral Tribunal Award upheld this boundary. (In October 1993, Guinea-Bissau and Senegal signed an agreement establishing a joint exploitation zone (EEZ); however, the territorial seas of both countries were excluded from this zone.) Following are excerpts from Limits in the Seas, No. 68, "Territorial Sea and Continental Shelf Boundary: Guinea-Bissau - Senegal" of 15 March 1976. To the external limit of the territorial seas, the boundary would be defined by a straight line, running at 240, starting from the intersection of the extension of the land boundary and the low-water mark, represented for that purpose by the Cape Roxo light. With regard to the contiguous zones and the continental shelf, the delimitation would consist of the straight line extension in the same direction of the territorial sea boundary. U.S. ANALYSIS The territorial sea boundary is defined in the Exchange of Notes as a straight-line 240 azimuth (assumed to be from true north) from "the intersection of the extension of the land boundary and the low-water mark, represented for that purpose by the Cape Roxo light." The outer limit of the territorial sea boundary is not specified. The outer limit of the continental shelf boundary is not clearly defined in the Exchange of Notes. The boundary between the respective shelf areas is considered to be the straight-line extension of the territorial sea boundary. Neither the territorial sea boundary nor the continental shelf boundary is based on the equidistance principle.

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GUYANA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Oct 77 Maritime Boundaries Act, 12nm Prior notice requirement for foreign 1977, Act No. 10 warships. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1982 and conducted operational assertion in 1988. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Oct 77 Maritime Boundaries Act Declared baseline to be low-water mark. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 1977, Act No. 10 (However, implementing legislation for HISTORIC CLAIMS straight baselines.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Oct 77 Maritime Boundaries Act, CM or Claimed exclusive jurisdiction over 1977, Act No. 10 200nm artificial islands, installations, structures, and devices; over scientific research; and over protection of environment and control of pollution. Claims authority to designate areas for protection of environment, customs and other fiscal matters, and to establish sea lanes, traffic separation schemes, etc., for foreign ships to pass through designated areas. Consent required for course of cables and pipelines. Such a broad claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1982. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Oct 77 Maritime Boundaries Act, 200nm Fishing zone; enabling legislation for EEZ. 1977, Act No. 10 Claims same jurisdiction in EEZ as in continental shelf. Claims jurisdiction in the airspace over the EEZ. Such a broad claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1982. EEZ Designation Order 200nm Designated EEZ. No. 19 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Oct 77 Maritime Boundaries Act, Exclusive jurisdiction to preserve and REGULATION 1977, Act No. 10 protect the environment and to prevent and control pollution within EEZ and out to continental shelf. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 2003 Agreement Cooperation Treaty with Barbados regarding joint jurisdiction over area of bilateral overlap between the EEZs. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Nov 93 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Feb 91

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HAITI
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 72 Decree 12nm Coordinates given for an irregular polygon that, at some points, lies farther than 12nm from coast. Presidential Declaration 12nm No. 38 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Apr 72 Decree Straight baselines inferred from published STRAIGHT BASELINES, & coordinates of territorial sea limits; closed HISTORIC CLAIMS Gulf of Gonave. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1973 and 1989, and conducted operational assertions in 1986, 1987 and 1991. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 77 Presidential Declaration 24nm Claim includes security jurisdiction. No. 38 This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1989. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Apr 77 Presidential Declaration Claimed sovereign rights over the No. 38 continental platform," located outside the territorial sea, extending to the point where the depth of the superjacent waters allows exploitation of the natural resources of such regions. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 77 Presidential Declaration 200nm EEZ. No. 38 Earlier in the same month, Haiti declared a 200nm territorial sea. Declaration No. 38 revoked that, deleting claim to full sovereignty in the EEZ. Feb 88 Note Verbale from Ministry of the Interior, Decentralization, the General Police and the Civil Service Shipping lines, owners and operators of vessels of any tonnage are prohibited entry into ports, territorial waters and the EEZ if they are transporting wastes, refuse, residues or any other material likely to endanger the health of the country's population and to pollute the marine, air and land environment. Apr 77

This prohibition is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 78 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Cuba EIF. Maritime boundary agreement with Colombia EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Feb 79 Agreement

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION By Decree of 6 April 1972, the Government of Haiti established territorial seas limits (by reference to a map accompanying the Decree) from which a unique system of straight baselines may be inferred. The following comments explaining this system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 51, "Straight Baselines: Haiti" of 25 May 1973. On April 6, 1972, the Government of Haiti issued a decree altering its claimed territorial sea and contiguous zone. Whereas no previous legislation existed concerning the breadth of the territorial sea, Haiti had consistently acknowledged a 6 mile limit since 1894. The new decree doubles the previous breadth to 12 nautical miles, measured "from the low-water line" of the coast. Moreover, Haiti, in article 5, has laid claim to an additional three-mile contiguous fisheries zone. Within this zone Haiti will also exercise all control it judges necessary to assure security of navigation, prevent infractions of its sanitary, fiscal, customs, and immigration laws, and prevent pollution and other risks that might endanger the marine environment. A very small-scale map (c. 1:5,000,000) accompanied the decree. The map illustrates an irregular polygonal outer limit for the territorial sea, using specified coordinate pairs for turning points. The limits shown on the map have been plotted directly on the attached chart. [Due to the small scale of the Haitian map, all limits and distances discussed here are approximate.] When so plotted, the inner limit of the territorial sea (constructed from a similar polygon situated 12 nautical miles landward of the outer territorial sea limits) does not relate directly to the "low-water line" of the Haitian coast. As a result, it would seem that the limits of the Haitian territorial sea either had to be measured from implied straight baselines or from an unexplained but equivalent baseline system. A request for clarification of the system used for establishing the territorial sea limits was sent to the Government of Haiti which noted that the lines were drawn from droites paralleles from "the points on the coast mostadvanced into the sea." Of interest, the Haitian reply also stated that the waters between the polygon A-K and the coast were territorial waters. Had a true system of straight baselines been established, the territorial waters would have extended from the polygon to the baseline segments; internal waters would be situated between the segments and the low-water coastline. Consequently, the basis for the system is not clear. If a straight baseline system has not been utilized, then the limits of the territorial water should be everywhere 12 nautical miles from the low-water baseline of the Haitian coast as expressed in Article 1. An examination of the chart shows that this condition does not prevail. It is also noted that the decreed limits of the territorial sea adjacent to the Dominican Republic in the north and the south represent, in effect, unilaterally declared territorial sea boundaries. The contiguous zone, moreover, would overlap the Dominican territorial sea in many places. U.S. ANALYSIS It is assumed that a series of "straight baselines" have been drawn to form the basis of the polygonal territorial sea limits. The following analysis implies these baseline segments and they have been drawn on the attached chart. Positional discrepancies, as noted, are discussed in detail below: TABLE C1.T102. HAITI BASELINE SEGMENTS: U.S. ANALYSIS LINE A-B COMMENTS Position A plots on the U.S. oceanographic chart (NO) approximately 1.25 nautical miles northwest of the terminus of the Dominican Republic - Haiti boundary. Line A - B passes about 0.5 nautical miles from the Dominican Manzanillo Point and 0.9 nautical miles from Arenas Cay in the Seven Brothers group. At this point, line A -B is approximately 2.8 and 8.25 nautical miles, respectively, from the nearest points on the low-water line of Haiti. The points, by definition, would lie 12 nautical miles from the implied Haitian straight baseline. The implied baseline, from which A - B might be measured, would extend about 6.6 nautical miles from Caracol Point northwestward to an imaginary and seemingly arbitrary point in the sea, 4.15 nautical miles from the low-water line of Haiti. The implied baseline for this segment extends approximately 43.6 nautical miles from the previously-described point to a peak Jul 96

B-C

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LINE COMMENTS on west-central Ile de la Tortue (Tortuga Island). The segment illustrates the problems of positioning. By the description, the northern point of Tortuga probably is intended to be the terminal basepoint of the straight baseline segment. However, from the inaccuracies of the small-scale map, the position has been displaced approximately 2.4 nautical miles to the south. As described, Point C on the polygon lies less than 10 nautical miles from the low-water line of Tortuga. The territorial sea breadth does not attain the requisite 12 nautical miles in this area, although it is much greater elsewhere. (Note: If the territorial sea were indeed measured from straight baselines, the line near the intersectional points, e.g., B, C, D, etc., would be arcs and not angles of straight lines. The angular product is, perhaps, what is meant by droites paralleles.) The greatest breadth of the territorial sea, if straight baselines have not been employed, would be 17 nautical miles. C-D The length of the implied straight baselines would be approximately 10.5 nautical miles extending from the previously-defined point southwestward. Point D, which most likely should be Pointe Ouest on Tortuga, plots in the Canal de la Tortue, 3.3 nautical miles south and west of the point. The minimum breadth of the (plotted) territorial sea would be 9.5 nautical miles. The implied baseline extends 26.25 nautical miles from the previously defined point to a point near Cap San Nicolas, south of Cap du Mole. Since the latter cape extends seaward of the plotted point, it is safe to assume that Cap du Mole is the terminal point, i.e., although the coordinates dispute it, the intent probably was to join Pointe Ouest with Cap du Mole. The minimum territorial sea (as plotted) measures 10.1 nautical miles; the maximum, 13.5. This segment closes the Golfe de la Gonave, a major indentation of the west coast (c. 95 nautical miles by 85 nautical miles). The implied baseline measures approximately 89 nautical miles. The terminal point (F) plots on the north shore of the southern peninsula to the east of Cap Dame-Marie. The latter is probably the selected closing point. The length of the implied line closing Gonave and the amount of water contained within the line would be excessive, by normal state practices for straight baselines. The length also exceeds the permitted closing for a bay, i.e., 24 nautical miles. The midpoint of the Line E - F lies approximately 40 nautical miles from the low-water line of the Haitian coast. From the previously described point, the implied baseline extends 12.1 nautical miles south-southwestward to a point in the sea about 2 nautical miles north of Cap Fanchon. The intended turning point could be this cape or Cap Irois immediately to the south. The (plotted) territorial sea measures, at a minimum, 10.6 nautical miles from the implied baseline; the maximum, 12 nautical miles. Extending southeastward, this segment presumably connects Cap Fanchon (or Irois) with Pte. Aigrette, the southwestern cape of Haiti. The plotted position, however, lies 2.70 nautical miles east-southeast of that point. The (plotted) minimum territorial sea thus becomes approximately 9.5 nautical miles. Point H, however, is situated approximately 14.25 nautical miles from the Haitian low-water baseline. The implied straight baseline joins the previously described point to Pt. Gravois. The plotted position, however, lies approximately 9.75 nautical miles eastward of that point. The implied straight baseline measures 38.3 nautical miles in length. The maximum breadth of the territorial sea claim becomes 16.5 nautical miles; the minimum, 10.0. The implied baseline extends due eastward at the same latitude as the previously described position to a point in the open sea (1759'N; 7205'W.) approximately 14.2 nautical miles from the low-water baseline. The maximum breadth of the resulting territorial sea measures about 26 nautical miles with an average width of 20 nautical miles. The plotted position of point "K" lies onshore about 0.9 nautical miles from the coastal terminus of the boundary (on largescale charts). The implied straight baseline joins the previously described point with an insignificant cape on the mainland. As noted above, the "contiguous" zone would extend beyond the territorial sea of Haiti to overlap, in part, the claimed Dominican Republic sea. The "territorial sea boundary," which in effect line J - K represents, is a unilaterally established limit.

D-E

E-F

F-G

G- H

H-I

I-J

J-K

Summary The basic system utilized in the establishment of the limits of the Haitian territorial sea is obscure. While the law calls for measurement of the territorial sea from the low-water baseline of the coast, this system has not been utilized. Furthermore, the turning points were plotted on a very small-scale map and not from a reasonably-scaled nautical chart. As a result, the problem of interpretation is compounded by positional difficulties. The Haitian Government described the system as utilizing droites paralleles from the most seaward points of the Haitian coast. The government has basically drawn a "system of straight baselines" in a unique manner. The Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, for example, states that a system of straight baselines may be utilized for deeply-indented coasts or coasts fringed with islands. The Haitian coastline in places contains islands. These, however, have not been used as the basepoints with the exception of Tortuga. Gonave represents an indentation of the coast but the scale of the resulting system dwarfs the physical features upon which the system has been developed. The breadth of the territorial sea (as plotted) measures not 12 nautical miles as decreed, but from less than 12 to more than 40 nautical miles.

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HONDURAS
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 82 Decree No. 131 (Revised 12nm Constitution) Decree No. 172-99, 12nm This decree was passed to implement Honduran Maritime Areas UNCLOS ratification into national law. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 82 Const., Art.10 Claims Gulf of Fonseca as historic bay. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS Sep 92 ICJ Decision Confirms Gulf of Fonseca's historic status. Oct 99 Decree No. 172-99 Honduran Maritime Areas Executive Decree No. PCM 007-2000 Legislation authorizing straight baselines in accordance with 1982 LOS Convention. Establishes a system of straight baselines around parts of its Caribbean coast from which to measure the limits of its territorial sea and other maritime zones. Oct 99

Mar 2000

Portions of these straight baselines are not recognized by the US, which formally protested in 2001. See LIS No. 124. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jan 82 Decree No. 131 (Revised 24nm Constitution) Decree No. 172-99 24nm Honduran Maritime Areas _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jan 82 Decree No. 131 (Revised 1958 Constitution) DEF Decree No. 172-99 200nm 200nm or to outer edge of continental Honduran Maritime Areas shelf. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Oct 99 Decree No. 172-99 200nm EEZ. Honduran Maritime Areas _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Aug 86 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Colombia signed. Sep 92 ICJ Decision ICJ Decision announced on the Salvador/Honduras border dispute. Decision addresses the islands in the Gulf of Fonseca and the maritime boundary in and beyond the closing line of the Gulf. Oct 99 Oct 99

Maritime boundary agreement with UK delimiting boundary between Cayman Islands and Honduras _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Oct 93 Ratified Convention.

Dec 2001

Agreement

Jul 2003 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following system of straight baselines is extracted from the 21 March 2000 Executive Decree No. PCM 007-2000. Article 1 The straight baselines in the Caribbean Sea and in the Pacific Ocean which shall be used to delimit the territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, and continental shelf, shall be established as follows: The straight baselines for the delimitation of the maritime spaces to which Article 3 of the Law on Maritime Spaces of Honduras refers shall be as follows: (A) On the Atlantic Coasts of the Caribbean Sea: From the last marker of the land boundary between Honduras and Guatemala on the right bank of the mouth of the Motagua River, known as Station 233, with coordinates based on the Ocotepeque Datum, Point 1, 15 43 28.80 north latitude, 88 13 24.59 west longitude, to Point 2, the northern part of Punta Caballos, with the following coordinates: 15 51 50 north latitude, 87 85 55 west longitude. From Point 3, with the following coordinates 15 55 25 north latitude, 87 43 25 west longitude, located west of the mount of the Ulua River, to Point 4, the northern part of Punta Sul, with the following coordinates, 15 55 50 north latitude, 87 32 55 west longitude. From Point 4 to the lighthouse ruins located on the western end of Utila Island, Point 5, with the following coordinates: 16 05 23 north latitude, 86 59 22 west longitude. From Point 6, located at Blackish Point, with the following coordinates: 16 07 18 north latitude, 86 56 05 west longitude, on Utila Island, to Point 7, on the eastern part of Roatan Island known as Half Moon, with the following coordinates: 16 18 19 north latitude, 86 35 45 west longitude. From Point 8, the eastern part of Roatan Island, known as Red Cliff, with the following coordinates: 16 25 48: north latitude, 86 11 52 west longitude, to Point 9 on Morat Island, with the following coordinates: 16 26 07 north latitude, 86 11 14 west longitude. From Point 9 to Point 10 on Barbareta Island, known as Trunk Turtle Beach, with the following coordinates: 16 26 48 north latitude, 86 08 40 west longitude. From Point 10, to Point 11 on Guanaja Island, known as Black Point, with the following coordinates: 16 30 51 north latitude, 85 51 48 west longitude. From Point 12, Black Rock Point, on Guanaja Island, with the following coordinates: 16 29 53 north latitude, 85 48 55 west longitude, to Point 13, the Camaron Triangulation Station, on Cabo Camaron, with the following coordinates: 15 59 09 north latitude, 85 01 32 west longitude. From Point 13 to Point 14 at Punta Patuca, west of the mouth of the Patuca River, with the following coordinates: 15 48 58 north latitude, 84 18 20 west longitude. From Point 14 to Point 15, on the left bank of the mouth of the Cruta River, with the following coordinates: 15 15 15 north latitude to 83 23 28 west longitude. From the Point on the left bank to another point on the right bank of the mouth of the Cruta River, Point 16, with the following coordinates: 15 14 59 north latitude, 83 23 07 west longitude. From the Point on the right bank of the Cruta River to Point 17, the termination of the land boundary between Honduras and Nicaragua at the mouth of the Coco (Wanks) or Segovia River on Cape Gracias a Dios, with the following coordinates: 14 59 8 north latitude, 83 08 9 west longitude. (B) In the Pacific Ocean, the straight baseline is the proportional segment corresponding to Honduras on the baseline common to the three Gulf of Fonseca coastal States, which in turn is part of the closing line or mouth line of the Gulf, between Punta Amapala in El Salvador and Punta Cosiguina in Nicaragua, all in accordance with the terms of the judgment rendered by the International Court of Justice on September 11, 1992, settling the Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute between the Republics of Honduras and El Salvador. The territorial sea and other Honduran maritime spaces shall be measured from the line segment corresponding to Honduras. Article 2 The above-mentioned lines appear on the General Map of Honduras, scale 1:1,000,000, which is attached hereto and which shall be duly

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published pursuant to the norms of international law currently in force. Article 3 For those segments of continental coastline for which the drawing of straight baselines was not considered, the baseline shall be the lowwater line. Article 4 On the islands under Honduran sovereignty in the Caribbean Sea, such as Swan Island, Cayo Gorda, and the Cayo Sur, the baselines of the corresponding maritime spaces shall be the low-water line along the coast, from which the maritime spaces will be measured. Article 5 With the exception of Station 233, all coordinates of the end points of straight baselines are based on the North American 1927 Datum. U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding Honduras straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 124, Straight Baseline Claim: Honduras of 28 June 2001. Pacific Ocean In Article 1(B), Honduras claims a segment of the Gulf of Fonseca closing line as its straight baseline from which to determine the breadth of its maritime claims in the Pacific Ocean. This claim results from the ICJs 1992 ruling in the Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute between Honduras and El Salvador. The interpretation and application of this decision require the agreement among El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua.... Caribbean Sea Honduras has created 16 straight baseline segments along its Caribbean coastline which range in length from 0.4 miles to 62.6 miles.... TABLE C1.T103. HONDURAS BASELINE SEGMENTS: U.S. ANALYSIS BASELINE SEGMENT 1-2 3-4 4-5 6-7 8-9 9-10 10-11 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 LENGTH (NM) 18.0 7.2 36.5 22.4 0.7 2.6 16.7 54.9 42.8 62.7 0.4 20.4

Segment 1-2 begins at the terminus of the Honduras-Guatemala international boundary from the last marker of the land boundaryon the right bank of the mouth of the Motagua River) to the northern point of Punta Caballos. This stretch of Honduran coastline is smooth with no fringing islands. A straight baseline segment is inappropriate in this area where there are neither fringing islands nor a coastline which is deeply indented and cut into. The territorial sea should be measured from the low-water mark. Baseline segment 3-4, slightly more than 7 miles in length, connects a point near Punta Ulua (just west of the Ulua River) to Punta Sal. The body of water enclosed by this line fails to meet Article 10 bay closing line requirements, and the straight baseline geographic requirements are not met, as well.

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Claimed baseline segment 4-5 connects the mainland coast at Punta Sal to the western end of Isla de Utila, more than 36 miles to the northeast. There are no intervening islands between Punta Sal and this island and the mainland coastline is quite smooth and is not deeply indented or cut into. The waters enclosed by this line segment would not be considered sufficiently closely linked to the land domain to be subject to the regime of internal waters. Therefore, the appropriate baseline in this area would be the low-water mark. Between basepoints 5, at the western end of Isla de Utila, and 6, situated about 3.7 miles east along the north coast of the island, Honduras claims the low-water mark as the baseline. Baseline segment 6-7 connects the north coast of Isla de Utila to a point on the west coast of Isla de Roatan, just north of Punta Oeste. The baseline continues eastward for about 24 miles along the low-water mark of Isla de Roatans north coast to point 8, situated on the eastern end of the island. From here, point 8 is connected to point 9 on Isla Morat by a straight baseline segment of less than one mile. Segment 9-10 then connects Isla Morat to the central part of the north coast of Isla Barbareta; the straight baseline system continues as segment 10-11 connects this island to the north coast of Isla de Guanaja. From point 11 the baseline continues along the northeast coast of Isla de Guanaja as the low-water mark to point 12, situated at Black Rock Point on the eastern end of the island. From this point, Honduras claims a straight baseline segment, almost 55 miles to length, that extends to the southeast and point 13 at Cabo Camaron on the mainland. This straight baseline segment clearly exceeds the provisions of the LOS Convention as neither geographic criteria is met: there are no fringing islands nor is the mainland deeply indented or cut into.... From point 13, Honduras claims 4 straight baseline segments (13-14, 14-15, 15-16, and 16-17) that incorporate the remaining Caribbeanfacing coastline to the mouth of the Rio Coco and its international boundary terminus with Nicaragua. With the exception of segment 15-16, which is a valid river closing line, these segments exceed the provisions of the LOS Convention. The Honduran coastline along this stretch is quite smooth with no deep indentations and there are no fringing islands. And, two of the baseline segments, 13-14 and 14-15, are quite long being approximately 43 and 63 miles, respectively, in length.

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ICELAND
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS0 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jun 79 Law No. 41 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 79 Law No. 41 Revised straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 79 Law No. 41 200nm/ CM May 85 Regulation No. 196 of Established limits of continental shelf 9 May 85 where it extends beyond 200nm to the East, South and West of Iceland. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 79 Law No. 41 200nm EEZ. Use of equidistant lines where EEZ abuts that of neighboring state. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 82 Agreement (amended Continental shelf boundary agreement 1997) with Norway (Jan Mayen) EIF. Continental shelf and EEZ boundary agreement with Denmark (regarding Greenland). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jun 85 Jul 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement. Nov 97 Agreement

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following extracts from Law No. 41 of 1 June 1979 show the coordinates of the Icelandic straight baseline system. Article 1 The territorial sea of Iceland shall be delimited by a line every point of which is 12 nautical miles from a baseline drawn between the following points: TABLE C1.T104. ICELAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. LOCATION Horn Soarrif Siglunes Flatey Gey Rauoinupur Rifstangi LATITUDE NORTH 6627.4'N 6608.1'N 6611.9'N 6610.3'N 6617.8'N 6630.7'N 6632.3'N LONGITUDE WEST 2224.3'W 2211.0'W 1849.9'W 1750.3'W 1706.8'W 1632.4'W 1611.8'W

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POINT 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. LOCATION Hraunhafnartangi Langanes Glettinganes Norofjaroarhorn Gerpir lmur Setusker Pursasker Ystibooi Selsker Hvitingar Stokksnes Hrollaugseyjar Tvisker Ingolfshofoi Hvalsiki Meoallandssandur I Meoallandssandur II Myrnatangi Kotlutangi Lundadrangur Surtsey Eldeyjardrangur Geirfugladrangur Skalasnagi Bjargtangar Kopanes Baroi Straumnes Kogur Horn LATITUDE NORTH 6632.2'N 6622.7'N 6530.5'N 6510.0'N 6504.7'N 6458.9'N 6457.7'N 6454.1'N 6435.2'N 6432.8'N 6423.9'N 6414.1'N 6401.7'N 6355.7'N 6347.8'N 6344.1'N 6332.4'N 6330.6'N 6327.4'N 6323.4'N 6323.5'N 6317.7'N 6343.8'N 6340.7'N 6451.3'N 6530.2'N 6548.4'N 6603.7'N 6625.7'N 6628.3'N 6627.9'N LONGITUDE WEST 1601.5'W 1431.9'W 1336.3'W 1330.8'W 1329.6'W 1330.6'W 1331.5'W 1336.8'W 1401.5'W 1407.0'W 1428.0'W 1458.4'W 1558.7'W 1611.3'W 1638.5'W 1733.5'W 1755.6'W 1759.9'W 1811.8'W 1842.8'W 1907.5'W 2036.2'W 2259.4'W 2317.1'W 2402.5'W 2432.1'W 2406.0'W 2347.4'W 2308.4'W 2255.5'W 2228.2'W

The territorial sea shall moreover be delimited by a line every point of which is 12 nautical miles from the low-water line of Kolbeinsey (6708.9'N 1841.3'W), Hvalbakur (6435.8'N 1316.6'W) and the outermost points and rocks of Grimsey. Article 2 The sovereignty of Iceland extends to the territorial sea, the bed of the territorial sea and the superjacent air space. This sovereignty is exercised in accordance with Icelandic law and the rules of international law.

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INDIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 76 Act No. 80 (Territorial 12nm Foreign warships must provide notice Waters, Continental Shelf, before entering territorial sea. Exclusive Economic Zone & Other Maritime Zones This requirement is not recognized by the Act) U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1976, 1983 and 1997 and conducted operational assertions in 1985-89, 1991-1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, and 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 76 Act No. 80 Enables government to declare waters as STRAIGHT BASELINES, & historic. HISTORIC CLAIMS Jun 79 Law No. 41 Waters of Palk Bay between coast and boundary with Sri Lanka claimed as internal waters; waters of Gulf of Mannar between coast and maritime boundary claimed as historic waters. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertions in 1993 and 1994, to Gulf of Mannar claim in 1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 76 Act No. 80 24nm Claims authority over area for security purposes. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. conducted operational assertions in 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 76 Act No. 80 200 /CM _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 76 Act. No. 80 200nm Jun 95 Declaration upon Ratification of 1982 LOS Convention Requires prior consent for military exercises or maneuvers in EEZ or on continental shelf. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertions in 1999 and 2001. Jan 98 Naval HQ Navarea Notice Requires 24-hour prior notice from vessels entering EEZ with cargoes including dangerous goods and chemicals, oil, noxious liquid and harmful substances and radioactive material.

This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. and was protested in 1998. U.S. conducted operational assertion in 1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Agreement

Jul 76

Agreement (supplemented Nov 76)

Jan 77

Agreement

Jun 78

Agreement

Jun 78

Agreement

Dec 78

Agreement

Mar 79

Agreement

Dec 86

Agreement

Established trijunction point in Andaman Sea between Burma, India, andThailand. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Jun 95 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Oct 93

Agreement

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement, with Declaration requiring prior consent for military exercises in EEZ, continental shelf. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES INDIA - BURMA The following is extracted from the 23 December 1986 Agreement between India and Burma on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Andaman Sea, the Coco Channel, and the Bay of Bengal. Article I The maritime boundary between Burma and India in the Andaman Sea and in the Coco Channel is the straight lines connecting points 1 to 14, the geographical co-ordinates of which are in the sequence given below:

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TABLE C1.T105. INDIA - BURMA MARITIME BOUNDARY: ANDAMAN SEA AND COCO CHANNEL POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 LATITUDE NORTH 09 38' 00" 09 53' 14" 10 18' 42" 10 28' 00" 10 44' 53" 11 43' 17" 12 19' 43" 12 54' 07" 13 48' 00" 13 48' 00" 13 34' 18" 13 49' 11" 13 57' 29" 14 00' 59" LONGITUDE EAST 95 35' 25" 95 28' 00" 95 16' 02" 95 15' 58" 95 22' 00" 95 26' 00" 95 30' 00" 95 41' 00" 95 02' 00" 93 50' 00" 93 40' 59" 93 08' 05" 92 54' 50" 92 50' 02"

The extension of the maritime boundary beyond point 1 up to the maritime boundary trijunction point between Burma, India and Thailand will be done subsequently after the trijunction point is established by agreement between the three countries. Article II The Maritime Boundary between Burma and India in the Bay of Bengal is the straight lines connecting points 14 to 16, the geographical coordinates of which are in the sequence given below: TABLE C1.T106. INDIA - BURMA MARITIME BOUNDARY: BAY OF BENGAL POINT 14 15 16 LATITUDE NORTH 14 00' 59" 14 17' 42" 15 42' 50" LONGITUDE EAST 92 50' 02" 92 24' 17" 90 14' 01"

The extension of the maritime boundary beyond point 16 in the Bay of Bengal will be done subsequently. INDIA - INDONESIA - THAILAND The following is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 93, "Continental Shelf Boundaries: India-Indonesia-Thailand" of 17 August 1981. India, Indonesia, and Thailand agreed upon a common trijunction point on June 22, 1978, and the agreement came into force March 2, 1979. The "Common Trijunction Point" of the three bilateral boundaries, situated at 7 47'00"N, 95 31'48"E, is essentially equidistant from India and Indonesia, but not from Thailand; it is approximately 31.5 miles farther from Thailand. The relationship of this trijunction point to the nearest point on the respective coastlines is as follows:

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TABLE C1.T107. INDIA - INDONESIA - THAILAND COMMON TRIJUNCTION POINTS BASEPOINT Great Nocobar Island (northeast coast) Pulau Rondo Ko Huyong (southernmost island of Mu Ko Similan) STATE India Indonesia Thailand DIST. TO TRIJUNCTION PT. (NM) 103.9 104.1 132.5

INDIA - SRI LANKA Excerpts from the agreement and the comments following it are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 66, "Historic Water Boundary: India-Sri Lanka" of 12 December 1975. The Governments of the Republic of India and the Republic of Sri Lanka agreed on June 26-28, 1974, to the delimitation of a boundary through the "historic waters" of Palk Bay. The agreement, which came into force on July 8, 1974, has been printed in the Government of India's Notice to Mariners, Edition No. 9, Notices 133 to 156, April 15, 1975. Selected portions of the text are as follows: The boundary between India and Sri Lanka in the waters from Adam's Bridge to Palk Strait shall be arcs of Great Circles between the following positions, in the sequence given below, defined by latitude and longitude. TABLE C1.T108. INDIA - SRI LANKA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 U.S. ANALYSIS The India-Sri Lanka agreement delimits a maritime boundary containing two terminal and four turning points through the historic waters of Palk Bay. While the agreement does not specify the Palk Bay closing line, it may be inferred from the location of Position 1 and the geographic features of the adjacent coasts of India and Sri Lanka. On the north, the "natural entrance point" appears to be the low-water headland of Point Calimere, while the southern point is Palmyrah Point on the northeast coast of Ceylon. The total length of this closing line is approximately 35.107 nautical miles. The total length of the maritime boundary is 85.375 nautical miles. Distances between the Positions of the treaty are as follows: TABLE C1.T109. INDIA - SRI LANKA MARITIME BOUNDARY: U.S. ANALYSIS INDIA - SRI LANKA MARITIME BOUNDARY: U.S. ANALYSIS POSITIONS 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 DISTANCE (NM) 28.735 20.832 20.004 8.883 APPROXIMATE WATER DEPTHS 6.5 fathoms 6.5 - 7 fathoms 7 - 6.75 fathoms 6.75 - 6 fathoms LATITUDE NORTH 10 05' 09 57' 09 40'.15 09 21' .80 09 13' 09 06' LONGITUDE EAST 80 03' 79 35' 79 22'.60 79 30'.70 79 32' 79 32'

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INDIA - SRI LANKA MARITIME BOUNDARY: U.S. ANALYSIS POSITIONS 5-6 DISTANCE (NM) 6.921 APPROXIMATE WATER DEPTHS 6 fathoms to low tide

The relationships between the positions and the national baselines of India and Sri Lanka are as follows: TABLE C1.T110. INDIA - SRI LANKA NATIONAL BASELINE POSITIONS Distance to Baseline (nm) Position India 1 15.748 Sri Lanka 19.360 India Calimere Sri Lanka Palmyrah No. 1 is situated approximately 15.748 nm, i.e., equidistant, between Pt. Calimere and an unnamed cape west of Kankesanturai (Ceylon). The ensuing line between Positions 1 and 2 may be deemed to be selectively but not strictly equidistant. The slight discrepancy in the distances may stem from the determined positions of the base points. Position 2 may, as a result, be deemed to be selectively equidistant. Baseline Points Comments

19.469

19.432

unnamed Island (0957'N, 1002'E) Pambar Delta Pamban I.

Eluvativu Island

3 4

21.828 10.879

20.595 12.279

Delft I. Delft I. Position 4, of course, is situated much closer to the island of Kachchativu (1.187 nm). The island has been allocated to Sri Lanka by the maritime boundary. Position No. 5 is Adams Bridge Is. equidistant (12.163nm) from both Pamban (India) and Mannar (Sri Lanka). According to USNHO chart No. 63250, Position 6 falls on a low-tide area which joins two small islands in Adams Bridge. The western island would fall to India; the eastern to Sri Lanka.

5.815

6.921

unnamed

Summary The delimitation reflects a selective, i.e. modified, application of the principle of equidistance. As noted, the maritime boundary divides the historic waters and the seabed of Palk Bay. Traditional fishing rights of both parties, however, are preserved. The boundary agreement further serves to settle peacefully the Kachchitivu island dispute and to delimit the India-Sri Lanka boundary in the Adams Bridge region. It is understood that further negotiations between the two States have begun to extend the maritime boundary eastward into the Bay of Bengal and southward through the Gulf of Mannar. The waters of the latter are also deemed to be "historic" by India and Sri Lanka.

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INDONESIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jul 62 Regulation No. 8 Foreign warships and other noncommercial vessels must give notice before entering the territorial sea. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertions in 1992, 1993, 2000-3 Incorporates by reference the above prior notice requirement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 96 Act No. 6 Claims archipelagic status, enabling STRAIGHT BASELINES, & legislation for straight baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS Jun 2002 Regulation No. 38 Established list of coordinates for archipelagic baselines. Dec 2003 Regulation No. 37 Officially designates and lists coordinates for partial system of archipelagic sea lanes; other lanes through archipelago to be used in innocent passage only. (Regulation actually dated Jun 2002; IMO interprets as effective Dec 2003.) Aug 96 Act No. 6 12nm

U.S. position is that since the designation is partial, archipelagic sea lanes passage still applies to all routes normally used for international navigation. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jul 62 Regulation No. 8 Claimed to restrict "stopping, dropping anchor, and/or cruising about without legitimate reason" in high seas "adjoining" Indonesian territorial waters; "adjoining" officially interpreted to extend up to 100 miles seaward of Indonesian territorial waters. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Feb 69 Government EXP Announcement _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Oct 83 Act No. 5 200nm EEZ; equidistant boundary lines between neighboring states, or as otherwise agreed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Nov 69 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Malaysia EIF. Mar 71 Agreement Territorial sea boundary agreement with Malaysia (Strait of Malacca) EIF. Continental shelf boundary agreements with Malaysia and Thailand EIF. Agreements established common point of maritime boundaries.

Jul 73

Agreements

280

Dec 74 & Aug 77 Feb 78

Agreements

Agreement

Mar 79

Agreement

Dec 80

Agreement

Feb 82 Jul 82

Agreement Agreement

Feb 91

Agreement

Boundary agreement with Australia signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Feb 86 Jul 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement.

Mar 97

Agreement

Jun 2000 Ratified Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANES LEGISLATION The following list of coordinates connecting points of archipelagic sea lanes axis lines are excerpted from Regulation No. 37 of 28 June 2002, Implementing Right of Archipelagic Sea Lane Passage through Delimited Archipelagic Sea Lanes. (The coordinates track very closely to those adopted in 1998 by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as a partial system. Modification is expected, since Lane III includes coordinates around East Timor, now a separate nation.)

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TABLE C1.T111. INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANES DESIGNATION: SEA LANE I SEA LANE I Navigation from South China Sea traversing Natuna Sea, Karimata Strait, Java Sea and Sunda Strait to Indian Ocean, or vice versa REFERENCE NO. I-1 LATITUDE 03 35 00 N LONGITUDE 108 51 00 E REMARKS Geographic position I-1 to I-3 defines the axis line from South China Sea, Natuna Sea. Geographic position I-3 to I-5 defines the axis line of Natuna Sea to Karimata Strait. Geographic position I-5 to I-7 defines the axis line through Karimata Strait. Geographic position I-7 to I-12 defines the axis line of western Java Sea. Geographic position I-12 to I-15 defines the axis line through Sunda Strait to Indian Ocean. I-2 I-3 I-4 I-5 I-6 I-7 I-8 I-9 I-10 I-11 I-12 I-13 I-14 I-15 03 00 00 N 00 50 00 N 00 12 20 S 02 01 00 S 02 16 00 S 02 45 00 S 03 46 45 S 05 12 30 S 05 17 15 S 05 17 15 S 05 15 00 S 05 57 15 S 06 18 30 S 06 24 45 S 108 10 00 E 106 16 20 E 106 44 00 E 108 27 00 E 109 19 30 E 109 33 00 E 109 33 00 E 106 54 30 E 106 44 30 E 106 27 30 E 106 12 30 E 105 46 20 E 105 33 15 E 104 41 25 E SEA LANE I, BRANCH 1A Navigation from Singapore Strait traversing Natuna Sea, Karimata Sea, Java Sea, and Sunda Strait to Indian Ocean or vice versa or traversing Natuna Sea to South China Sea or vice versa IA-1 I-3 01 52 00 N 00 50 00 N 104 55 00 E 106 16 20 E Geographic position IA-1 to I-3 defines the axis line from Singapore Strait through Natuna sea.

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TABLE C1.T112. INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANES DESIGNATION: SEA LANE II SEA LANE II Navigation from Sulawesi Sea traversing Makassar Strait, Flores Sea, and Lombok Strait to Indian Ocean or vice versa REFERENCE NO. II-1 LATITUDE 00 57 00 N LONGITUDE 119 33 00 E REMARKS Geographic position II-1 to II-2 defines the axis line from Sulawesi Sea to Makassar Strait. Geographic position II-2 to II-5 defines the axis line between Kalimantan Island and Sulawesi Island. Geographic position II-5 to II-7 defines the axis line through Flores Sea. Geographic position II-7 to II-8 defines the axis line through Lombok Strait to the Indian Ocean. II-2 II-3 II-4 II-5 II-6 II-7 II-8 00 00 00 02 40 00 S 03 45 00 S 05 28 00 S 07 00 00 S 08 00 00 S 09 01 00 S 119 00 00 E 118 17 00 E 118 17 00 E 117 05 00 E 116 50 00 E 116 00 00 E 115 36 00 E

TABLE C1.T113. INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANES DESIGNATION: SEA LANE III SEA LANE III-A Navigation from Pacific Ocean traversing Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Ombai Strait, and Sawu Sea, the western part of Sawu Island to Indian Ocean or vice versa REFERENCE NO. IIIA-1 LATITUDE 03 27 00 N LONGITUDE 127 40 30 E REMARKS Geographic position IIIA-1 to IIIA-5 defines the axis line from Pacific Ocean through Maluku Sea. Geographic position IIIA-5 to IIIA-7 defines the axis line through the Seram Sea. (Geographic position IIIA-7 to IIIA-9 defines the axis line through Banda Sea to Ombai Strait. Geographic position IIIA-9 to IIIA-13 defines the axis line through Ombai Strait and Sawu Sea between Sumba Island and Sawu Island to the Indian Ocean. IIIA-2 IIIA-3 IIIA-4 IIIA-5 IIIA-6 IIIA-7 IIIA-8 IIIA-9 01 40 00 N 01 12 00 N 00 09 00 N 01 53 00 S 02 37 00 S 02 53 00 S 03 20 00 S 08 25 00 S 126 57 30 E 126 54 00 E 126 20 00 E 127 02 00 E 126 30 00 E 125 30 00 E 125 30 00 E 125 20 00 E in

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SEA LANE III-A Navigation from Pacific Ocean traversing Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Ombai Strait, and Sawu Sea, the western part of Sawu Island to Indian Ocean or vice versa REFERENCE NO. IIIA-10 IIIA-11 IIIA-12 IIIA-13 LATITUDE 09 03 00 S 09 23 00 S 10 12 00 S 10 44 30 S LONGITUDE 123 34 00 E 122 55 00 E 121 18 00 E 120 45 45 E REMARKS in

TABLE C1.T114. INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANES DESIGNATION: SEA LANE III-B, III-C SEA LANES III-B AND III C III-B Navigation from Pacific Ocean traversing Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Leti Strait to Timor Sea or vice versa; III-C Navigation from Pacific Ocean traversing Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea to Arufura Sea or vice versa REFERENCE NO. IIIA-8 LATITUDE 03 20 00 S LONGITUDE 125 30 00 E REMARKS Geographic position IIIA-8 to IIIB-2 defines the axis line through Banda Sea and Leti Strait until Timor Sea. Geographic position IIIB-1 to IIIC-2 defines the axis line through Banda Sea to Arafura Sea. IIIB-1 IIIB-2 IIIA-8 IIIB-1 IIIC-1 IIIC-2 04 00 00 S 08 31 00 S 03 20 00 S 04 00 00 S 06 10 00 S 06 44 00 S 125 40 00 E 127 33 00 E 125 30 00 E 125 40 00 E 131 45 00 E 132 35 00 E

TABLE C1.T115. INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANES DESIGNATION: SEA LANE III-D, III-E SEA LANES III-D AND III E III-D for Navigation from Pacific Ocean traversing Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Ombai Strait and Sawu Sea at the eastern part of Sawu Island to Indian Ocean or vice versa III-E for Navigation from Sulawesi Sea traversing Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Ombai Strait and Sawu Sea in the western part of Sawu Island or Sawu Sea in the eastern part of Sawu Island to Indian Ocean or vice versa; or traversing Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Leti Strait and Timor Sea to Indian Ocean or vice versa; or Seram Sea and Banda Sea to Arafura Sea or vice versa REFERENCE NO. IIIA-11 LATITUDE 09 23 00 S LONGITUDE 122 55 00 E REMARKS Geographic position IIIA-ii to IIID-1 defines the axis line from Sawu Sea to seas between Sawu Island and Roti Island to the Pacific Ocean. Geographic position IIIE-2 to IIIA-2 defines the axis line from Sulawesi Sea to the Maluku Sea. IIID-1 IIIE-2 10 58 00 S 04 32 12 S 122 11 00 E 125 10 24 E

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SEA LANES III-D AND III E III-D for Navigation from Pacific Ocean traversing Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Ombai Strait and Sawu Sea at the eastern part of Sawu Island to Indian Ocean or vice versa III-E for Navigation from Sulawesi Sea traversing Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Ombai Strait and Sawu Sea in the western part of Sawu Island or Sawu Sea in the eastern part of Sawu Island to Indian Ocean or vice versa; or traversing Maluku Sea, Seram Sea, Banda Sea, Leti Strait and Timor Sea to Indian Ocean or vice versa; or Seram Sea and Banda Sea to Arafura Sea or vice versa REFERENCE NO. IIIE-1 IIIA-2 LATITUDE 04 12 06 S 01 40 00 S LONGITUDE 126 01 00 E 126 57 30 E REMARKS

ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE LEGISLATION The following coordinates are extracted from the Annex to Regulation No. 38 of 28 June 2002. Act No. 6 of 8 August 1996 revoked a 1960 law establishing baseline points. Regulation No. 38 replaces the 1960 coordinates, and revokes Regulation No. 61 of June 1998 which established archipelagic basepoints in the Natuna Sea. TABLE C1.T116. INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM NO 1. LONGITUDE-LATITUDE WATERS Natuna Sea: 011427 N 1043432 E INDICATORS, TYPE OF BASELINE, DISTANCE Tg. Berakit Basic Point no. TD.001 Approaching Pillar No. TR.001 Distance TD.001-TD.001A = 19.19 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Sentut Basic Point no. TD.001A Approaching Pillar No. TR.001A Distance TD.001A-TD.022 = 88.06 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Tokong Malang Biru Basic Point no. TD.022 Approaching Pillar No. TR.022 Distance TD.022-TD.023 = 29.50 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Damar Basic Point no. TD.023 Approaching Pillar No. TR.023 Distance TD.023-TD.024 = 24.34 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Mangkai Basic Point no. TD.024 Approaching Pillar No. TR.024 Distance TD.024-TD.025 = 26.28 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Tokong Nanas Basic Point no. TD.025 Approaching Pillar No. TR.025 Distance TD.025-TD.026 = 20.35 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline CHART NO., SCALE, REF. No. 431 1:200,000 WGS 84

Natuna Sea: 0102 52 N 1044950E

No. 430, 431 1:200,000 WGS 84

Natuna Sea: 021800 N 1053547E

No. 430 1:200,000 WGS 84

Natuna Sea: 024429 N 1052246E

No. 423 1:200,000 WGS 84

Natuna Sea: 030532 N 1053500E

No. 423 1:200,000 WGS 84

Natuna Sea: 031952 N 1055704E

No. 423 1:200,000 WGS 84

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INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM NO 7. LONGITUDE-LATITUDE WATERS Natuna Sea: 032704 N 1061608E INDICATORS, TYPE OF BASELINE, DISTANCE P. Tokong Belayar Basic Point no. TD.026 Approaching Pillar No. TR.026 Distance TD.026-TD.028 = 79.03 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Tokongboro Basic Point no. TD.028 Approaching Pillar No. TR.028 Distance TD.028-TD.029 = 32.06 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Semiun Basic Point no. TD.029 Approaching Pillar No. TR.029 Distance TD.029-TD.030A = 15.76 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Sebetul Basic Point no. TD.030A Approaching Pillar No. TR.030A Distance TD.030A-TD.030B = 8.18 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Sekatung Basic Point no. TD. 030B Approaching Pillar No. TR.030A Distance TD.030B-TD.030D Normal Baseline P. Sekatung Basic Point no. TD.030D Approaching Pillar No. TR.030 Distance TD.030D-TD.031 = 52.58 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Senau Basic Point no. TD.031 Approaching Pillar No. TR.031 Distance TD.031-TD.032 = 66.03 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Subi Kecil Basic Point no. TD.032 Approaching Pillar No. TR.032 Distance TD.032-TD.033 = 27.67 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline P. Kepala Basic Point no. TD.033 Approaching Pillar No. TR.033 Distance TD.033-TD.035 = 44.10 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline Tg. Datu Basic Point no. TD.035 Approaching Pillar No. TR.035 Between TD.035-TD.036C Kalimantan P. Ligitan Basic Point no. TD.036C CHART NO., SCALE, REF. No. 423 1:200,000 WGS 84

No. 486, 487 1:200,000 WGS 84

27.

Sulawesi Sea: 011848 N 1212636E

No. 486 1:200,000 WGS 84

287

No. 482 1:200,000 WGS 84

38.

44.

Halmahera Sea: 034513 N 1265106E

No. 480 1:200,000 WGS 84

45.

Halmahera Sea: 023844 N 1283427E

No. 479 1:200,000 WGS 84

46.

Halmahera Sea: 022539 N 1284157E

No. 479 1:200,000 WGS 84

47.

Halmahera Sea: 013444 N 1284414E

No. 479 1:200,000 WGS 84

48.

Halmahera Sea: 004339 N 1290830E

No. 478 1:200,000 WGS 84

289

No. 474 1:200,000 WGS 84

59.

Pacific Ocean:

No. 473

290

No. 470 1:200,000 WGS 84

69.

Arafuru Sea: 090542 S 1405058E

No. 470 1:200,000 WGS 84

291

No. 467 1:200,000 WGS 84

79.

Aru Sea: 043841 S 1360714E

No. 466 1:200,000 WGS 84

80.

Aru Sea:

No. 466

292

No. 464 1:200,000 WGS 84

293

No. 462 1:200,000 WGS 84

101.

Timor Sea:

No. 461

294

No. 457 1:200,000 WGS 84

111.

Indian Ocean: 101902 S 1202713E

No. 456 1:200,000 WGS 84

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INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM NO LONGITUDE-LATITUDE WATERS INDICATORS, TYPE OF BASELINE, DISTANCE Archipelagic Straight Baseline 112. Indian Ocean: 102022 S 1200702E P. Mangundu Basic Point no. TD.125 Approaching Pillar No. TR.125 Between TD.125-TD.125A Normal Baseline P. Mangundu Basic Point no. TD.125A Approaching Pillar No. TR.125 Distance TD.125A-TD.128B = 72.43 nm Archipelagic Straight Baseline No. 456 1:200,000 WGS 84 CHART NO., SCALE, REF.

113.

Indian Ocean: 102008 S 1200556E

No. 456 1:200,000 WGS 84

MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS INDONESIA - AUSTRALIA AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 87, "Territorial Sea and Continental Shelf Boundaries: Australia and Papua New Guinea-Indonesia" of 20 August 1979. As a consequence of a series of three agreements, the Governments of Australia and Papua New Guinea, on the one hand, and Indonesia, on the other, have delimited territorial sea and continental shelf boundaries between the respective states. The agreements create, north of the island of New Guinea, a single-segment boundary extending northward from the shore for a distance of approximately 27 miles. The boundary terminates in water depths approaching 1500 fathoms (2,743 meters). In the south, the boundary extends along the western reaches of the Torres Strait and the Arafura Sea and stops near the limits of the former Portuguese territory of Timor. After the Timor gap, an area currently undelimited, the maritime boundary resumes and is delimited southwestward through the Timor Sea. On December 18, 1978, Papua New Guinea and Australia signed a treaty at Sydney concerning sovereignty and maritime boundaries in the area between the two countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and related matters. The boundary between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, in the Pacific Ocean north of the Island of New Guinea, extends nearly due north from the coastal terminus of the land boundary to a point approximately 27 miles seaward. Because both states claim 12-mile territorial sea breadths, the single-segment boundary serves as both a territorial sea and, in part, a continental shelf boundary. The geologic shelf north of the island, however, is very narrow; and within a few miles of the shoreline, water depths in excess of 6,000 feet (1,829 meters) are encountered. As a result, the terminus of the shelf boundary is approximately 9,000 feet (2,743 meters) of water, well beyond existing limits of exploitability. In the south, the maritime boundaries pass through the Arafura Sea in the east and the Timor Sea in the west. The Arafura Sea extends approximately from the limit of the Torres Strait westward to the island of Timor. [T]he boundary between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea in the north consists of a line connecting two points, C1 - situated at 28'30"S. and 141E., and C2 - situated at 28'30"S. and 1411'30"E. C1 marks the terminus of the land boundary. C2, situated 27.14 miles seaward, is approximately equidistant from the main cape north of Djajapura and an unnamed cape on the New Guinea coastline. Between points C1 AND C2, the boundary is not equidistant from the respective national baselines. In the south, the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea maritime boundary extends from point B3 through B2, B1, A1, A2, and terminates at A3. These turning points have the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T117. INDONESIA - PAPUA NEW GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT B3 COORDINATES 98'8"S., 1411'10"E. DIST. BTWN. POINTS (MILES) land terminus

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POINT COORDINATES DIST. BTWN. POINTS (MILES) 17.45 B2 923'S., 14052'E. 2.89 B1 924'30"S., 14049'30"E 34.13 A1 952'S., 14029'E. 53.06 A2 1024'S., 13936'E. 42.32 A3 1050'S., 13912'E. Total 149.85

Thus, the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea territorial sea and continental shelf boundaries total 176.99 miles: 149.85 in the south and 27.14 in the north. The Australian sector of the Indonesian maritime boundary begins at the trijunction point A3 and extends through intermediate points to A16. The area divided by this part of the boundary has water depths of 200 meters or less. Westward of A12 to A16, the boundary leaves the Ceram shelf and its location relates primarily to the geomorphologic provinces underlying the Arafura Sea. INDONESIA - MALAYSIA The agreement and the comments following are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 50, "Indonesia-Malaysia: Territorial Sea Boundary" of 10 January 1973. The Republic of Indonesia and the Government of Malaysia signed an agreement on March 17, 1970, delimiting the territorial sea boundary between the two states in the Strait of Malacca. The treaty came into force on March 10, 1971. Article 1 (1) Without curtailment of provision in Section (2) of this Article, boundary lines of territorial waters of Indonesia and Malaysia at the Strait of Malacca in areas as stated in the preamble of this Treaty shall be the line at the center drawn from base lines of the respective parties in said areas. (2) (a) Except that which is stated in sub b, Section (2) of this Article, co-ordinates of points of said boundary lines shall be as follows: TABLE C1.T118. INDONESIA - MALAYSIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 LONGITUDE EAST 101 00.2'E 101 12.1'E 101 46.5'E 102 13.4'E 102 35.0'E 103 02.1'E 103 03.9'E LATITUDE NORTH 02 51.6'N 02 41.5'N 02 15.4'N 01 55.2'N 01 41.2'N 01 19.1'N 01 19.5'N

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POINT 8 (b) Point 6 shall not apply to Malaysia. (3) Co-ordinates of points stipulated in Section (2) shall be geographical co-ordinates and boundary lines which connect them as shown on the map attached to this Treaty as Attachment "A". (4) Actual sites of points stated above shall be determined through means jointly approved by authorized officials of both parties. (5) What are referred to by "authorized officials" stated in Section (4) shall be for Indonesia the Director of Naval Hydrography of the Republic of Indonesia, including every person so authorized, and for Malaysia, Director of Mapping of the State of Malaysia including every person so authorized. U.S. ANALYSIS For the analysis of the territorial sea boundary (TSB), the following chart was utilized: U.S. Naval Oceanographic Chart N.O. 71000, 15th Edition, June 1940, revised October 27, 1969. NOTE: There are two cartographic errors on the chart. (1) Points 4 (red), and 7 (blue) are actually located two nautical miles southwest of the point shown on the chart. (2) During the reproduction process, slight slippage of the red line occurred but did not greatly displace the boundary points. Both Indonesia and Malaysia claim a 12-nautical-mile territorial sea. The TSB establishes a boundary in a narrow section of the Strait of Malacca extending from 0251'6N., 10100'2E,; to 0115'0N., 10322'8E. The respective TSB's claimed by each state differ in length because of the small area of high seas that remains in the Strait. The Indonesian TSB is 174 and the Malaysian TSB 173 nautical miles in length. TABLE C1.T119. INDONESIA - MALAYSIA MARITIME BOUNDARY: U.S. ANALYSIS INDONESIA - MALAYSIA MARITIME BOUNDARY: U.S. ANALYSIS TURNING POINTS (TERRITORIAL) 1 2 3 4 5 6** 7 8 TURNING POINTS (CONTINENTAL) 5 6 7 8 9 10 DISTANCE TO BASELINE (NM) 11.5 10.5 10.0 10.5 12.0 12.0 11.5 4.0 DISTANCE BETWEEN POINTS (NM) 15.0 43.5 33.0 25.0 36.5* 3.5* 17.5 LONGITUDE EAST 103 22.8'E LATITUDE NORTH 01 15.0'N

* Distances are for the Indonesian TSB. The distance from Point 5-7 of the Malaysian TSB is 39.0 nm. ** Point 6 does not appertain to Malaysia as it is beyond the Malaysian territorial sea limit claimed by Malaysia. The treaty specifies that the TSB is a median line between the respective baselines of Indonesia and Malaysia. Indonesia has promulgated straight baselines and issued charts showing the system. Malaysia appears to have a system of straight baselines based on the Indonesian example. However, Malaysia has never promulgated straight baselines other than a reference to such a system in the Indonesia-Malaysia Continental Shelf Boundary Agreement of November 7, 1969. From looking at the territorial sea and continental shelf boundary agreements between Indonesia and Malaysia, it is

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obvious that Malaysia employed some system of straight baselines from which to measure the extent of its claimed territorial sea. The system was also used by Malaysia to acquire an "equitable" share of the continental shelf of the Strait of Malacca. The TSB coincides with the continental shelf boundary set in 1969 except in the vicinity of the triangular region 5-6-7. All turning points on the TSB coincide with points on the continental shelf boundary except for Points 1 and 6. Point 1 lies on the shelf boundary but not on a shelf boundary point. Point 6 relates only to the Indonesian TSB. With the conclusion of the Indonesia and Malaysia territorial sea and continental shelf agreements regarding the Strait of Malacca, only agreements by Indonesia and Malaysia with Thailand remain to complete an assertion of maritime jurisdiction over the shelf and seas of the Strait. Indonesia and Thailand have reportedly negotiated a continental shelf boundary agreement which has not entered into force. No Indonesia-Thailand TSB is required. Both territorial sea and continental shelf agreements will be required between Malaysia and Thailand. The TSB would presumably be a 12-nautical mile seaward extension of land boundary between the two states. INDONESIA - MALAYSIA - THAILAND U.S. ANALYSIS The following is an analysis concerning an agreement between the Governments of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand for a partial delimitation of their common maritime boundary, signed on 17 December 1971, and entered into force on 16 July 1973, as set forth in Limits in the Seas, No. 81, "Maritime Boundaries: Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand" of 27 December 1978. The "Common Point" of the three maritime boundaries, situated at 5 57.0'N. and 98 01.5'E., has not been determined on the basis of equidistance because it is situated, in relation to the respective baselines, as follows: TABLE C1.T120. INDONESIA - MALAYSIA - THAILAND COMMON POINT NAME OF BASEPOINT Cape Jambu Ayer P. Langkawi Ko Butang STATE Indonesia Malaysia Thailand DIST. IN NM 52.0 98.9 76.1

INDONESIA - SINGAPORE The agreement and the comments following are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 60, "Territorial Sea Boundary: Indonesia-Singapore" of 11 November 1974. The Governments of the Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of Singapore signed a territorial sea boundary agreement on May 25, 1973. Indonesia ratified the agreement on December 3, 1973; Singapore ratified the agreement on August 29, 1974. The agreement provides in part: 1. The boundary line of the territorial seas of the Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of Singapore in the Strait of Singapore shall be a line, consisting of straight lines drawn between points, the co-ordinates of which are as follows:

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TABLE C1.T121. INDONESIA - SINGAPORE MARITIME BOUNDARY: STRAIT OF SINGAPORE POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 U.S. ANALYSIS The analysis of the Indonesia-Singapore territorial sea boundary has been based upon a plotting of the coordinates on DMAHC Chart N.O.71242, 17th ed., August 1963, revised October 21,1970. Indonesia claims a 12 nm territorial sea dating from 1957. Singapore's 3 nm territorial sea claim dates from 1957. The territorial sea boundary extends for a distance of 24.55 nm. The average distance between the turning points is 4.91 nm; the minimum is 1.35 nm; the maximum is 9.85 nm. The water depths along the territorial sea boundary range from 12 to 25 fathoms, with an average depth of 17.83 fathoms. Three of the six territorial sea boundary turning points are equidistant from Indonesian and Singaporean territory. The turning points are an average of 1.90 nm from Indonesian territorial and 2.27 nm from Singaporean territory. The turning points of the territorial sea boundary, which are equidistant from Indonesia and Singapore, are equidistant between the lowtide elevations of both countries. The median line between Indonesia and Singapore, as depicted on the attached chart [omitted], was constructed between the Indonesian system of straight baselines and the low-tide elevations of Singapore. As a consequence, points which are stated as equidistant for islands will not necessarily be situated on the equidistant line. The western terminus of the territorial sea boundary is located in Main Strait. The boundary turning point, which is not equidistant from Indonesian and Singaporean territory, is 1.70 nm from Pulau Nipa (Singapore) and 2.80 nm from Pulau Sudong (Indonesia). Both points are islands. The second turning point is 4.80 nm southeast of Point 1. Point 2 is 1.35 nm from Pulau Takong-besar (Indonesia) and 1.75 nm from Pulau Satumu (Singapore). In this extent of the territorial sea boundary, the boundary lies south of an Indonesian-Singapore median line. Moreover, the boundary also crosses over into Indonesian internal waters, i.e., Point 2 is located on the landward side of the Indonesian straight baselines. The distance from Point 2 to Point 3 is 4.75 nm. Turning Point 3 is not an equidistant point, but rather it is located 1.10 nm from Buffalo Rock (Indonesia) and 1.80 nm from Pulau Sebarok (Singapore). Point 3 is also located on the Indonesia side of an IndonesiaSingapore median line. Point 4 lies 3.80 nm northeast of Point 3. Point 4 is an equidistant point and lies 1.30 nm from Bt. Berhanti (Indonesia) and Pulau Sakijang Bendera (Singapore). The Indonesia-Singapore median line passes north of Point 4; therefore Point 4 lies on the Indonesian side of the median line. Point 5 of the territorial sea boundary is an equidistant point located 1.35 nm northeast of Point 4. Point 5 is situated 1.30 nm from Bt. Berhanti (Indonesia) and an unnamed islet east of Pulau Sakijang Petepah (Singapore). Point 5 is the only turning point which lies on the Singapore side of the Indonesia-Singapore median line. The eastern terminus of the territorial sea boundary, Point 6, is located on the Indonesian side of the Indonesia-Singapore median line and is 4.65 nm equidistant from Tg. Sengkuang (Indonesia) and Tg. Bedok (Singapore). Summary The Indonesia-Singapore territorial sea boundary utilizes both the equidistant principle (3 turning points) and negotiated positions (3 turning points). Five of the six turning points lie on the Indonesia side of an Indonesia-Singapore median line. Of particular interest is LATITUDE NORTH 110'46".0 107'49".3 110'17".2 111'45".5 112'26".1 116'10".2 LONGITUDE EAST 10340'14".6 10344'26".5 10348'18".0 10351'35".4 10352'50".7 10402'00".0

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the location of Point 2. This turning point is located inside the Indonesian straight baseline system and is therefore in Indonesian internal waters. Islands were utilized as basepoints for the construction of the territorial sea boundary. INDONESIA - THAILAND The Indonesia-Thailand maritime boundary measures from the Common Point to the two turning points as follows: TABLE C1.T122. INDONESIA - THAILAND TURNING POINTS TURNING POINTS CP 5 57.0'N 98 01.5'E No. 1. 6 21.8'N 97 54.0'E DIST. IN NM 59.35

No. 1

No. 2 7 05.8'N 96 36.5'E Total

88.67

148.02

Since the Common Point is not situated equidistant from the three baselines, the line CP-point 1 cannot by definition be an equidistant line. Nevertheless, point 1 has been determined to be equidistant between two points, one on each of the respective national baselines. TABLE C1.T123. INDONESIA - THAILAND BASEPOINT 1 POINT 1 THAI BASEPOINT S. Brothers I. DIST. (NM) 70.04 INDONESIAN BASEPOINT Jambu Ayer DIST. (NM) 70.25

The same relative situation prevails for the line between points 1 and 2. The latter point is equidistant from the nearest points on the respective national baselines, although the intervening line, 1-2, is not equidistant from the respective baselines. The line is closer to Thailand than to the Indonesian baseline. TABLE C1.T124. INDONESIA - THAILAND BASEPOINT 2 POINT 2 THAI BASEPOINT S. Brothers I. DIST. (NM) 103.8 INDONESIAN BASEPOINT Pedir Pt. Pulo Weh DIST. (NM) 104.1 104.5

The boundary from CP to point 2 is not a true equidistant boundary; it appears to have been negotiated on equitable principles using a selective equidistant line.

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IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF

The claimed security jurisdiction in the Contiguous Zone is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1994 and conducted operational assertion in 1995. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF May 93 Act on the Marine Areas EquiProhibits foreign military "activities and of the Islamic Republic of distant practices" in the area of the Continental Iran from Shelf. baselines This claim is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 93 Act on the Marine Areas EquiProhibits foreign military "activities and of the Islamic Republic of distant practices" in the EEZ. Iran from baseThis claim is not recognized by the U.S. lines U.S. protested claim in 1994 and conducted operational assertion in 1998 and 1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Dec 75 Law of Protection of the REGULATION Sea from Oil Pollution _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 69 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Saudi Arabia EIF. See LIS No. 24. May 70 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Qatar EIF. See LIS No. 25.

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Continental shelf boundary agreement with Oman EIF. See LIS No. 94. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration that only parties to the Convention shall be entitled to benefit from the contractual rights created therein. Limited transit passage right in Strait of Hormuz to signatories of 1982 Convention. This limitation is not recognized by the U.S., which conducts regular transits of the Strait. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The Iranian straight baseline claims are contained in the Islamic Republic of Iran Decree-Law of 21 July 1973, and reasserted in the Act on the Marine Areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran of 6 July 1993, and consist of straight lines joining the following points. TABLE C1.T125. IRAN STRAIGHT BASELINE CLAIMS IRAN STRAIGHT BASELINE CLAIMS POINTS Point 1 COMMENTS situated at the point where the thalweg of the Shatt El-Arab intersects the straight line joining the two banks of the mouth of the Shatt El-Arab at the low water line. situated at the mouth of the Behregan whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 29 degrees 59 minutes 50 seconds North and longitude 49 degrees 33 minutes 55 seconds East. situated on the south coast of Kharg Island whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 29 degrees 12 minutes 29 seconds North and longitude 50 degrees 18 minutes 40 seconds East. situated on the south coast of Nakhilu Island whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 27 degrees 50 minutes 40 seconds North and longitude 51 degrees 27 minutes 15 seconds East. situated on Lavan Island whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 26 degrees 47 minutes 25 seconds North and longitude 53 degrees 13 minutes 00 seconds East. situated on the south-west coast of Kish Island whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 26 degrees 30 minutes 55 seconds North and longitude 53 degrees 55 minutes 10 seconds East. situated on the south-east coast of Kish Island whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 26 degrees 30 minutes 10 seconds North and longitude 53 degrees 59 minutes 20 seconds East. situated at Ras-o-Shenas whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 26 degrees

May 75

Agreement

Point 2

Point 3

Point 4

Point 5

Point 6

Point 7

Point 8

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IRAN STRAIGHT BASELINE CLAIMS POINTS COMMENTS 29 minutes 35 seconds North and longitude 54 degrees 47 minutes 20 seconds East. Point 9 situated on the south-west coast of Qeshm Island whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 26 degrees 32 minutes 25 seconds North and longitude 55 degrees 16 minutes 55 seconds East. situated on the south coast of Hengam Island whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 26 degrees 36 minutes 40 seconds North and longitude 55 degrees 51 minutes 50 seconds East. situated on the south coast of Larak Island whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 26 degrees 49 minutes 30 seconds North and longitude 56 degrees 21 minutes 50 seconds East. situated on the east coast of Larak Island whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 26 degrees 51 minutes 15 seconds North and longitude 56 degrees 24 minutes 05 seconds East. situated on the east coast of Hormoz Island whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 27 degrees 02 minutes 30 seconds North and longitude 56 degrees 29 minutes 40 seconds East. whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 27 degrees 08 minutes 30 seconds North and longitude 56 degrees 35 minutes 40 seconds East. whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 25 degrees 47 minutes 10 seconds North and longitude 57 degrees 19 minutes 55 seconds East. whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 25 degrees 38 minutes 10 seconds North and longitude 57 degrees 45 minutes 30 seconds East. whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 25 degrees 33 minutes 20 seconds North and longitude 58 degrees 05 minutes 20 seconds East. whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 25 degrees 24 minutes 05 seconds North and longitude 59 degrees 05 minutes 40 seconds East. whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 25 degrees 23 minutes 45 seconds North and longitude 59 degrees 35 minutes 00 seconds East. whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 25 degrees 19 minutes 20 seconds North and longitude 60 degrees 12 minutes 10 seconds East. whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 25 degrees 17 minutes 25 seconds North and longitude 60 degrees 24 minutes 50 seconds East. whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 25 degrees 16 minutes 36 seconds North and longitude 60 degrees 27 minutes 30 seconds East. whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 25 degrees 16 minutes 20 seconds North and longitude 60 degrees 36 minutes 40 seconds East. whose geographical co-ordinates are: latitude 25 degrees 03 minutes 30 seconds North and longitude 61 degrees 25 minutes 00 seconds East. situated at the point of intersection of the meridian 61 degrees 37 minutes 03 seconds East and the straight line joining the shorelines at the entrance of the Gwadar Gulf at the low-water line.

Point 10

Point 11

Point 12

Point 13

Point 14

Point 15

Point 16

Point 17

Point 18

Point 19

Point 20

Point 21

Point 22

Point 23

Point 24

Point 25

Between points 6 and 7 situated on Kish Island points 11 and 12 situated on Larak Island and points 14 and 15 situated in the Strait of Hormuz the low-water line shall constitute the baseline.

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U.S. ANALYSIS The following table relating to Iran's baseline claims is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 114, "Iran's Maritime Claims," 16 March 1994. TABLE C1.T126. IRAN BASELINE CLAIMS: U.S. ANALYSIS SEGMENT LENGTH (MILES)

Group "A": Shatt al Arab (Shatt al Arab, Arvand Rud) to Jazireh-ye Kish) 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 48 (approx.) 61.3 101.5 113.4 41.2

Group "B": Jazirehy-ye Kish to Jazirehye Larak to the Rudkhaneh-ye Shirin 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 12-13 13-14 43.1 26.7 31.6 29.8 12.8 8.0

Group "C": Gulf of Oman - Damagheh-ye Kuh to Khalij-e Gavater (Gwatar Bay) 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 24-25 24.8 18.6 55.4 26.6 34.0 11.6 2.6 8.3 45.7 11 (approx.)

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IRAQ
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Nov 58 Law No. 71 12nm Acknowledged right of innocent passage. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Nov 58 Law No. 71 Mentions contiguous zone; does not declare coordinates or width. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Nov 57 Proclamation Does not declare coordinates or width. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 93 U.N. Final Report on the Boundary included land as well as waters Demarcation of the of Khowrs abd Allah. Coordinates International Boundary applicable to the maritime boundary are between Iraq and Kuwait discussed below. (approved, UN Resolution 833) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration that transit passage provisions apply to navigation between nearby islands. Jul 85 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES The following geographic coordinates are taken from the U.N. Final Report on the Demarcation of the International Boundary between Iraq and Kuwait, of June 1993, adopted in U.N. Resolution No. 833. TABLE C1.T127. IRAQ - KUWAIT BOUNDARY COORDINATES: BETWEEN UMM QASR AND THE JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS ALONG THE LOW-WATER LINE BETWEEN UMM QASR THE JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS POINT 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 LATITUDE N 30 00 30.6311 N 30 00 25.5597 N 30 00 20.1338 N 30 00 17.0202 N 30 00 07.3546 N 30 00 04.0223 N 30 00 02.4886 N 29 59 59.9883 N 29 59 54.3048 N 29 59 51.1851 N 29 59 48.5075 N 29 59 45.9004 LONGITUDE E 47 57 19.1337 E 47 57 22.1204 E 47 57 26.6988 E 47 57 27.9162 E 47 57 38.5615 E 47 57 43.0972 E 47 57 45.0878 E 47 57 50.2931 E 47 58 00.0921 E 47 58 07.3891 E 47 58 15.0012 E 47 58 23.9522 AND

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ALONG THE LOW-WATER LINE BETWEEN UMM QASR THE JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS POINT 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 LATITUDE N 29 59 44.0034 N 29 59 42.9652 N 29 59 40.8118 N 29 59 39.9809 N 29 59 38.3873 N 29 59 37.0503 N 29 59 35.7797 N 29 59 33.5772 N 29 59 30.9373 N 29 59 30.8353 N 29 59 29.7002 N 29 59 27.9211 N 29 59 27.4473 N 29 59 27.0442 N 29 59 25.6931 N 29 59 23.6762 N 29 59 37.4841 LONGITUDE E 47 58 34.7048 E 47 58 41.8016 E 47 59 01.6401 E 47 59 05.2917 E 47 59 15.6241 E 47 59 26.0722 E 47 59 28.9642 E 47 59 37.8413 E 47 59 51.7876 E 47 59 55.2387 E 48 00 04.7347 E 48 00 23.7886 E 48 00 31.1501 E 48 00 33.8539 E 48 00 37.8351 E 48 00 42.0794 E 48 00 53.4169 AND

TABLE C1.T128. IRAQ - KUWAIT BOUNDARY COORDINATES: JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS ALONG THE MEDIAN LINE OF THE KHOWR ABD ALLAH FROM THE JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS AND ALONG THE MEDIAN LINE OF THE KHOWR ABD ALLAH POINT 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 LATITUDE N 29 59 47.3389 N 29 59 47.9344 N 29 59 58.1832 N 30 00 26.1002 N 30 00 50.4002 N 30 00 09.0001 N 30 00 18.9000 N 30 01 33.5167 N 30 01 40.3556 N 30 01 45.5265 N 30 01 48.5499 LONGITUDE E 48 00 52.6840 E 48 01 03.2547 E 48 01 20.7047 E 48 01 50.4004 E 48 02 14.4005 E 48 02 39.0004 E 48 03 00.0002 E 48 03 41.3692 E 48 04 05.2773 E 48 04 34.0137 E 48 05 20.2407

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FROM THE JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS AND ALONG THE MEDIAN LINE OF THE KHOWR ABD ALLAH POINT 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 LATITUDE N 30 01 47.7000 N 30 01 42.3674 N 30 01 39.9238 N 30 01 35.6000 N 30 01 32.7610 N 30 01 28.5001 N 30 01 19.5909 N 30 00 52.0000 N 30 00 18.0000 N 29 59 39.0021 N 29 59 04.8481 N 29 58 33.7229 N 29 57 54.1645 N 29 57 17.8346 N 29 54 25.3068 N 29 51 09.6324 LONGITUDE E 48 05 53.7002 E 48 06 31.1234 E 48 07 16.8423 E 48 08 00.9000 E 48 08 47.0644 E 48 09 17.3994 E 48 09 51.7837 E 48 11 04.0000 E 48 11 41.0000 E 48 12 26.3921 E 48 13 41.3329 E 48 14 34.6628 E 48 15 17.7224 E 48 16 30.2549 E 48 20 16.4802 E 48 24 50.8383

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IRELAND
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Sep 88 Maritime Jurisdiction Act 12nm 1959 - 1988 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Oct 59 Maritime Jurisdiction Act Enabling legislation for straight baselines; STRAIGHT BASELINES, & No. 22 recognized right of innocent passage in all HISTORIC CLAIMS sea areas enclosed by straight baselines that were previously high seas. Statutory Instrument Act, Established straight baseline system. See No. 173 LIS No. 3. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 68 Continental Shelf Act, Enabling legislation to declare a No. 14 continental shelf. 1970 Continental Shelf (Designated Areas) Order, No. 96. Continental Shelf (Designated Areas) Order, No. 36 Continental Shelf (Designated Areas) Order, No. 2, 1977 Continental Shelf (Designated Area) Order No. 92 Various Certain areas designated as continental shelf. Jan 69

Feb 74

Additional areas designated.

1977

Additional areas designated.

Mar 93

Additional areas designated.

Safety zones prohibiting transit by ship, including foreign warships, established for 500 meters around offshore oil installations (Kinsale Head, Ballycotton, Corrib North and Connemara Fields). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 77 Order No. 320 200nm Exclusive fishing zone. Use of equidistant line between neighboring States. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 90 Agreement Continential shelf boundary agreement (supplemented 1992) with UK EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Jun 96 Signed Part XI Agreement.

1977- 98

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement, with Declaration. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The coordinates below are extracted from Statutory Instrument No. 173, effective 1 January 1960, establishing Ireland's straight baselines. TABLE C1.T129. IRELAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM IRELAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM SCHEDULE TERMINAL POINTS OF STRAIGHT BASELINES REFERENCE NUMBER LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST LOCATION

PART A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 55 22.6' 55 15.4' 55 13.7' 55 12.4' 55 09.6' 55 04.5' 55 00.8' 54 42.0' 7 24.2' 7 47.1' 7 58.9' 8 09.5' 8 17.0' 8 28.9' 8 33.8' 8 48.2' PART B 9. 10. 11. 54 39.6' 54 17.8' 54 19.7' 8 47.3' 9 03.3' 9 20.5' PART C 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 54 19.8' 54 18.6' 54 16.9' 54 03.7' 53 58.3' 53 36.3' 53 24.0' 53 08.8' 53 08.4' 9 51.9' 9 59.9' 10 05.6 10 21.0' 10 16.5' 10 19.2' 10 14.5' 9 51.6' 9 50.9' PART D 21. 22. 23. 53 05.2' 53 03.9' 53 02.8' 9 38.5' 9 37.0' 9 33.3' S.E. corner Inishmore, Aran Islands Inishmaan, Aran Islands Inisheer, Aran Islands Kid Island, Broadhaven Rocky Island, Erris Head Eagle Island Blacksod Bay (Rocks to S.W. of Black Rock) Carrickakin, Achill Island Kimmeen Rocks, Inishark Slyne Head Eoragh Island, Aran Islands South Island, Aran Islands West entrance to Malinbeg Bay Lenadoon Point Downpatrick Head Scart Rocks, Malin Head Melmore Head Horn Head Inishbeg Bloody Foreland Stag Rocks Rinrawros Point, Aran Island Malinmore Head

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IRELAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM SCHEDULE TERMINAL POINTS OF STRAIGHT BASELINES REFERENCE NUMBER 24. 25. LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST LOCATION

52 56.4' 52 43.8'

9 28.5' 9 38.2' PART E

Cregga More Donegal Point

26. 27. 28.

52 33.6' 52 25.2' 52 17.6'

9 56.3' 9 56.8' 10 10.4' PART F

Loop Head Kerry Head Deelick Point

29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

52 10.9' 52 08.3' 52 07.7' 52 04.6' 52 01.3' 51 45.8' 51 35.5' 51 34.2' 51 26.9' 51 25.2' 51 28.0' 51 31.8' 51 34.2' 51 36.3' 51 49.5' 51 52.9' 51 56.5' 51 59.6' 52 07.4' 52 06.5' 52 09.2' 52 10.3'

10 28.4' 10 34.5' 10 35.7' 10 41.0' 10 41.3' 10 32.7' 10 18.5' 10 14.8' 9 49.2' 9 30.8' 9 13.4' 8 57.2' 8 42.7' 8 32.0' 7 59.0' 7 51.2' 7 42.4' 7 34.6' 6 55.7' 6 37.4' 6 24.6' 6 21.8'

Sybil Point Inishtooskert, Blasket Islands Carrigduff, Blasket Islands Tearaght Rocks West, Inistearaght Great Foze Rock Washerwoman Rock, Great Skellig Gull Rock, Dursey Island Calf Rock, Dursey Island Mizen Head Bream Point, Cape Clear The Stags, Toe Head Galley Head Seven Heads Old Head of Kinsale Ballycotton Island Capel Island, Knockadoon Head Ram Head The Rogue, Mine Head Hook Head Great Saltee Island (Southernmost Point) Black Rock, Carnsore Carnsore Point

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U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding Ireland's straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 3, "Straight Baselines: Ireland" of 23 January 1970. The fifty points specified in the Order are situated: a) twenty-one on capes of the mainland, b) an equal number on islands or islets and c) the remaining eight points on rocks. No low-tide elevations or drying rocks have been utilized. All straight baselines begin and terminate on the mainland of Ireland with a single exception. Point No. 20 is on South Island of the Aran Islands. The next point, No. 21, comprises the southeast corner of adjacent Inishmore Island in the same group. Because of geographic configuration and the lack of gain in the sea, a line has not been drawn to connect these two points. In effect, however, this means that the continuous baseline is drawn so as to enclose Galway Bay within the Irish internal waters. The low water line of Inishmore effectively joins the points. The Irish Government has applied the straight baseline principle in a unique manner. Six straight baselines alternate with seven normal baselines utilizing the low water line of the mainland or of adjacent islands. The eastern coast, on the Irish Sea, which is generally only locally indented and which lacks offshore islands, has not been supplemented by straight baselines. In the north, the coast between the boundary fjord (Lough Foyle) and Malin Head, a point on Ireland's North Point, forms the baseline. To the west and south, however, a series of baselines stretch to the southeast cape of Ireland. The straight baselines have replaced the low water line for more than 90% of this part of the coast. The individual segments of the Irish straight baselines measure approximately as follows: TABLE C1.T130. IRELAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SEGMENTS: U.S. ANALYSIS IRELAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SEGMENTS: U.S. ANALYSIS LINE 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 Total 9-10 10-11 Total 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 Sub-total 21-22 LENGTH (NM) 15.00 7.00 6.25 5.00 8.50 4.60 20.60 66.96* 23.8 10.3 44.1* 4.8 3.6 16.2 6.1 22.2 12.6 20.9 .5 76.9* 1.5 Island studded coast same same same Enclose Clew Bay Island studded coast Same; serves to close Galway Bay on north Enclose Donegal Bay Enclose Killala Bay Island studded coast same same Enclose Baylagh Bay REMARKS Enclose Lough Swilly Enclose Sheep Haven (bay)

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IRELAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SEGMENTS: U.S. ANALYSIS LINE 22-23 23-24 24-25 Sub-total Total 26-27 27-28 Total 29-30 30-31 31-32 32-33 33-34 34-35 35-36 36-37 37-38 38-39 39-40 40-41 41-42 42-43 43-44 44-45 45-46 46-47 47-48 48-49 49-50 Total Grand Total LENGTH (NM) 2.4 7.6 13.3 24.8* 101.7* 8.25 11.40 19.65* 4.50 1.00 4.50 3.30 16.30 13.60 2.70 17.60 11.75 11.20 11.00 9.40 7.10 24.25 6.10 6.50 5.90 25.20 11.30 8.25 2.10 240.90 474.20 Longest straight baseline; enclose Dungarvan Bay and Waterford harbor Enclose Youghal Bay Enclose Countermacsherry Bay Closes Cork embayment same Southwest corner of Ireland Enclose Dingle Bay Fjorded coast Island studded coast Closes Shannon River estuary Enclose Tralee Bay and two others Closes Galway Bay on the south REMARKS

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ISRAEL
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 90 Territorial Waters 12nm Amended previous 1956 law increased (Amendment) Law 5750territorial waters from 6nm to 12nm. 1990 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Feb 53 Submarine Areas Law No. EXP 5713 Became party to the 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ 1937 Fisheries Ordinance No. 6 None Palestine Mandate licensing system. specified _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 96 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Jordan signed, establishing the maritime boundary in the Gulf of Aqaba as the equidistant line. Agreement regarding See table below. maritime boundaries in Gulf of Aqaba _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Voted against; did not sign. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES ISRAEL - JORDAN The following article is extracted from the Maritime Boundary Agreement between Jordan and Israel of 18 January 1996. Article 1 1. The maritime boundary in the Gulf of Aqaba between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Sate of Israel begins at Boundary Pillar 0 on the seashore and follows a straight line for 2.84 kilometres where it meets the median line of the Gulf. Thence the maritime boundary follows the median line of the Gulf southwards until the last point of the maritime boundary between the two countries. The following coordinates are extracted from the September 1996 Agreement establishing the coordinates of the maritime boundary between Jordan and Israel in the Gulf of Aqaba. Sep 96 Sep 61

TABLE C1.T131. ISRAEL - JORDAN BOUNDARY: GULF OF AQABA POINT BP 0 LATITUDE NORTH 29:32:33:316 N LONGITUDE EAST 34:58:41.4190 E (boundary line enters the coast) MB 1 MB 2 MB 3 29:31:08.7253 N 29:28:00.6141 N 29:27:12.1667 N 34:47:59.4512 E 34:56:01.0296 E 34:55:16.3595 E

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ITALY
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 74 Law No. 359 12nm Amended 1942 Navigation Code from 6nm to 12nm. Apr 85 Ministry of Merchant Marine decree Closed Strait of Messina to vessels 10,000 tons or more carrying oil and other pollutants.

This prohibition is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Feb 78 Presidential Decree No. Established straight baselines; historic bay STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 816 of 26 April 1977 claim to Gulf of Taranto. HISTORIC CLAIMS These claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested baseline claim in 1986 and historic claim in 1984, 1986 and 1987. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Sep 40 Law No. 1424 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jul 67 Law No. 613 1958 DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 68 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Yugoslavia (Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro) signed; EIF Jan 70. See LIS No. 9. (Uncertain whether Italy considers itself bound by this agreement.) Nov 75 Agreement Territorial sea boundary agreement with Yugoslavia (Slovenia) signed; EIF Apr 77. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Spain EIF. See LIS No. 90. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Tunisia EIF. See LIS No. 89. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Greece EIF. See LIS No. 96. Territorial sea boundary agreement in the area of the Strait of Bonifacio with France EIF.

Nov 78

Agreement

Dec 78

Agreement

Nov 80

Agreement

May 89

Agreement

Continental shelf boundary agreement with Albania signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 84 Signed Convention, with Declaration that coastal State jurisdiction in the EEZ does not extend to the right to be notified of or grant permission for military exercises or maneuvers in the EEZ.. Jul 94 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Dec 92

Agreement

315

ENDING POINT

From lighthouse at Punta Piave Vecchia (4528.65' - 1235.05') From south bank branch Sud Po di Gnocca (4447.55' - 1224.60') From Da Punta Penna - pier head (4210.60' - 1442.80') From easternmost point of Isola Caprara (4208.25' - 1531.40') to easternmost point of Isola S. Nicola (4207.60' - 1531.10') From promontory east of T. Molinello (4154.40' - 1609.20')

From Torre Guaceto (4042.95' - 1748.05')

From I Posti - northernmost rock Nord (4017.30' - 1825.75')

From Capo Colonna south (3901.20' - 1712.40') From Capo Rizzuto (3853.50' - 1705.80') From mouth of Allaro riverbed (3820.60' - 1628.45')

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ITALY STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM STARTING POINT ENDING POINT Vaticano (3837.30' - 1549.70'); From Capo Cozzo (3842.80' - 1558.50') From Capo Scalea (southeast) (3949.15' - 1546.75') to mouth of Savuto River (north bank) (3901.90' - 1606.00'); to Punta Iscolleti (3959.35' - 1525.30') to Isola di Camerota (3959.70' - 1521.75') to Capo Palinuro (4001.45' - 1516.25') to Acciaroli (4010.60' - 1501.50') to Punta dell'Ogliastro (4013.60' 1456.35'); to Isola Capri - Punta Carena (4032.15' - 1411.80') to Punta S Angelo-Ischia (4041.50' - 1353.60') to Isola Ventotene-Punta dell'Arco (4047.00' - 1324.60') to Scoglio della Botte (4050.40' 1306.25') to Punta della Guardia - Isola di Ponza (4052.60' 1257.20') to rock southwest of Palmarola (4055.15' - 1250.80') to rock northwest of Palmarola (4056.80' - 1251.10') to Capo d'Anzio (4126.80' -1237.20'); to Capo Linaro (4201.70' - 1150.20'); to Isola Giannutri Punta del Capel Rosso (4214.20' - 1106.60') to Isola Giannutri-Punta W (4214.30' - 1106.20') to Isola Giglio Punta Di Capel Rosso (4218.95' - 1055.25') to Isola Montecristo South Point (4218.75' - 1019.10') to Isola Montecristo - Punta alle grotte (4218.90' - 1017.90') to Scoglio Africa (4221.45' - 1003.85') to Isola Pianosa (W) (4234.90' - 1002.70') to Isola d'Elba (Punta Nera) (4246.00' - 1006.10') to Isola Capraia (point west of Punta Zenobito) (4300.35' - 948.10'); to Isola Gorgona (W) (4325.60' - 953.40); to Secche della Meloria (north lighthouse) (4335.45' - 1012.75') to beacon mouth of Arno River (4340.65' - 1016.15') to Marina di Carrara (4401.70' - 1002.45') to Scoglio Tinetto (4401.30' 951.15') to Scoglietto W. Punta del Mesco (4408.00' - 938.05') to Punta Manara (4415.05' - 924.35') to Punta di Portofino (4417.80' - 913.15'); to Fanale extension Molo Galliera (4423.30' - 856.30') to Capo Arenzano (SW) (4423.50' - 840.70') to Punta dell'Olmo (4420.70' 833.85') to Porto di Vado fanale (4415.70' - 827.40') to Isolotto Bergeggi (4414.00' - 826.85') to Capo Noli (4411.70' - 825.50') to Isola Gallinara (4401.45' - 813.80') to Capo Mele (4357.25' 810.50') to Capo Berta (4353.55' - 804.60'); from Capo dell'Arma (4348.95' - 749.95') to Capo S. Ampelio (4346.60' - 740.45') to Capo Mortola (4346.75' - 733.40'). SICILY From Capo S. Andrea (3751.05' - 1518.50') From Capo Molini (3734.50' - 1510.75') From point (3704.75' - 1518.20') From Capo Murro di Porco (3700.05' - 1520.30') to Torre Archirafi (3742.50' - 1513.20'); to Capo S. Croca (rock) (3714.45' - 1515.60') to Capo S. Panagia (3706.30' - 1517.90'); to point (3702.05' - 1517.90'); to Isola di Capo Passero - point south of lighthouse (3641.00' 1509.20') to cape east of bay of Porto Palo - east point (3639.95' 1508.05'); to Isola delle Correnti (3638.55' - 1504.70') to Punta del Corro (3643.00' -1442.20') to Capo Scalambri (3647.05' - 1429.85') to point W of Licata (3706.00' - 1352.60') to Punta Tenna (3708.85' -

From Capo Licosa - Isolotto (4015.15' - 1454.00')

From Fiumara Grande-molo (4144.60' - 1213.40') From Civitavecchia beacon (4205.75' - 1146.65')

From Punta del Trattoio (Isola Capraia) (4301.40' - 947.55') From Punta Zirri - Isola Gorgona (4326.15' - 953.75')

From Punta Chiappa (4419.30' - 908.70')

From cape east of bay of Porto Palo - W point (3639.85' 1507.90')

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ITALY STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM STARTING POINT ENDING POINT 1345.10') to Scoglio Pietra Patella (3711.20' - 1339.50') to Capo Rossello (3717.50' - 1327.00'); From Torre Capo (3721.70' - 1319.40') to Capo S. Marco (3729.65' -1301.25') to Capo Granitola (3733.50' - 1240.50') to Capo Granitola-faro (3733.85' - 1239.80') to Capo Feto (3739.55' - 1231.20'); to Punta Libeccio - Isola Marettimo (3757.40' - 1202.60'); to Capo Grosso-Isola Levanzo (3801.15' - 1220.20'); to Scoglio Porcelli (3802.55' - 1226.35') to Scoglio Asinelli (3803.80' 1231.90') to Capo S. Vito - west (3811.30' - 1243.80'); to Punta di Solanto (3810.70' - 1246.20') to Punta Raisi (3811.45' - 1306.50') to Isola delle Femmine (3812.70' - 1314.20') to Capo Gallo (3813.40' - 1319.05') to Capo Zafferano (3806.70' 1332.40') to Capo Cefalu (3802.40' - 1401.40') to Capo d'Orlando (3809.85' - 1444.95') to Capo Calara (3811.50' - 1455.10') to Capo Milazzo W (3816.15' - 1513.55'); to Capo Rasocolmo (3818.00' - 1532.60'). SARDINIA From Capo Cavalla (4050.60' - 943.70') From Punta Ginepro (4026.45' - 947.80') to Scogli Pedrami (4041.10' -946.00') to Capo Comino (4031.65' 949.75'); to Capo di Monte Santo (4005.10' - 944.20') to Capo Bellavista (3955.65' - 943.00') to Punta Mastixi (3951.25' - 941.90') to Capo Sferracavallo (3942.75' - 940.65') to Scoglio di Quirra (3931.40' 939.60') to Capo Ferrato (3917.90' - 938.05') to Isola Serpentara (3908.55' - 936.55'); to Isola dei Cavoli - Isolotti east (3904.95' - 932.45') to Isola dei Cavoli - Isolotti south (3904.85' - 932.15') to Isolotto S. Macario (3900.10' - 901.95') to point (3900.10' - 9O1.65'); to Capo Teulada (3851.80' -838.75') to Isola del Toro (3851.50' 824.50') to Isolotto del Corno (3908.80' - 812.50') to Cala Domestica (3922.45' - 822.45') to Capo Pecora-Isolotto (3927.25' - 822.60') to Punta Fontanas (3945.50' - 826.70') to Scoglio II Catalano (3952.85' - 816.50') to Isolotto Mal di Ventre' - Scogli to southern route (3958.15' - 816.80') to Capo Marargiu (rocks) (4020.15' -822.95') to Isola Foradaca (4034.10' - 809.05') to Isola Piana (4036.10' - 808.30') to Capo Argentiera (4043.85' 808.00') to rock northwest of Punta Scoglietti (4056.35' - 810.35') to Punta Tumbarino (4102.40' - 813.25') to Punta Grabara (4106.20' - 816.50'); to Isola Rossa (4100.90' - 851.55') to Cala Falsa (4100.90' 852.25'); to Capo Testa (4114.65' - 908.50');

From Capo Lilibeo (3748.05' - 1225.50') From Punta Mugnone (3759.45' - 1201.85')

From Capo S. Vito - east (3811.30' - 1244.20')

From Capo Milazzo - east (3816.15' - 1514.45')

From Isola Serpentara - Punta della Guardia (3907.95' - 936.35')

From Capo Spartivento (3852.50' - 851.35')

From Punta Sabina (4105.25' - 821.00') From Punta di li Francesi (4108.25' - 902.80')

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ITALY STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM STARTING POINT From point north of Capo Testa (4114.80' - 908'75') ENDING POINT to Punta Falcone (4115.55' - 913.55') to Isola Razzoli - north rock Scoglio (4118.55' - 920.20') to Isolotto La Presa (4118.70' 922.65') to Isola Corcelli (4118.10' - 924.05') to Isola Caprera (4114.30' - 928.90') to Isolotto Monaci (4113.10' - 931.15') to Isola Delle Biscie (4109.70' - 931.65') to Isola I Nibani (4107.65' 934.40') to Isola Mortoriotto (beacon)(4105.15' -937.20') to Capo Figari (4059.75' - 939.95') to Punta Timone (Isola Tavolara) (4055.65' - 944.30') to Isola Molarotto (4052.50' - 946.75') to Punta Coda Cavallo (4050.60' - 943.70').

Article 2 The baselines for the measurement of the breadth of the Italian territorial sea are indicated on the marine chart which, having been approved by the proposing Ministers and annexed to this decree, as an integral part of it, shall be officially recognized by the State. Article 3 Marine charts indicating the baselines of the Italian territorial sea, together with the list of the geographical co-ordinates of the points through which these lines pass, shall be posted by the maritime authorities at all the ports and landing-stages of the Republic. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS ITALY - FRANCE The following is extracted from the Territorial Sea Boundary Agreement in the area of the Strait of Bonifacio with France, EIF May 1989. Article 1 The demarcation line between the territorial waters of the two States in the area of the Strait of Bonifacio shall be defined by the loxodromic curves joining the following points, in the order in which they are listed, whose coordinates shall be: TABLE C1.T133. ITALY - FRANCE MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 LATITUDE NORTH 41 15 31.2 41 19 09.0 41 17 34.2 41 20 .13.8 41 24 27.0 41 26 04.8 ITALY - GREECE The following is extracted from the November 1980 Agreement on the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf Areas between Italy and Greece. Article 1 In order to apply the principle of the median line referred to in the preamble to this Agreement and taking into account mutually agreed minor adjustments, the boundary line between the respective continental shelf areas of the two States shall be defined by the arcs of a great circle which join the following points: LONGITUDE EAST 08 48 49.2 09 08 09.1 09 16 15.0 09 19 03.0 09 27 03.6 09 37 54.0

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TABLE C1.T134. ITALY - GREECE MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES ITALY-GREECE MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 LATITUDE NORTH 39 57.7' 39 52.4' 39 49.0' 39 17.3' 39 02.0' 38 30.0' 37 52.0' 37 21.3' 36 59.5' 36 54.4' 36 45.0' 36 26.5' 36 24.1' 36 11.0' 36 09.0' 35 34.2' LONGITUDE EAST 18 57.5' 18 56.1' 18 54.9' 18 55.6' 18 54.0' 18 43.9' 18 28.6' 18 17.0' 18 19.1' 18 19.2' 18 18.6' 18 18.0' 18 17.7' 18 15.7' 18 15.7' 18 20.7'

ITALY - SLOVENIA (FORMER YUGOSLAVIA) The following is extracted from the Territorial Sea Boundary Agreement between Italy and Yugoslavia (signed 10 November 1975, EIF 3 April 1977). Schedule III The maritime border runs from the main No. 1 landmark on San Bartolomeo Bay, on the right bank of San Bartolomeo stream to its mouth at the plain coordinates in both systems: TABLE C1.T135. ITALY - SLOVENIA (FORMER YUGOSLAVIA) MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES x=5049835.77} Italian} y=2020416.72} x=5050841} Yugoslav} y=5400753.47}

and is determined by the largest arcs of a circle joining the following points:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T135. ITALIAN COORDINATES CHART NO. 39 LATITUDE NORTH 1 2 3 4 5 45 35'.65" 45 35'.90" 45 37'.80" 45 32'.70" 45 27'.20" LONGITUDE EAST 13 43'.15" 13 42'.75" 13 37'.80" 13 18'.75" 13 12'.70" YUGOSLAVIAN COORDINATES NO. 100-15 LATITUDE NORTH 45 35'.70" 45 35'.95" 45 37'.91" 45 32'.80" 45 27'.20" CHART

POINT

LONGITUDE EAST 13 43'.40" 13 43'.00" 13 38'.00" 13 19'.00" 13 12'.90"

The aforementioned coordinates are drawn on the Italian map No. 39 published by the 'Istituto Idografico della Marina', scale 1 : 100.000, 3rd edition, dated March 1962, reprinted in July 1974, and on the Yugoslav maritime chart No. 100-15 published by the Yugoslav Hydrographic Institute, scale 1 : 100.000, new edition dated June 1971, reprinted in July 1974, and updated in the Bulletin 'Notice to Mariners' No. 22 of 1974. ITALY-TUNISIA The following chart plotting the maritime boundary is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 89, "Continental Shelf Boundary: Italy-Tunisia" of 7 January 1980. The coordinates are from the 20 August 1971 Agreement regarding the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between Italy and Tunisia. List of Points Constituting the Median Line and Envelope Sections Defined in Articles I and II of the Agreement: TABLE C1.T136. ITALY - TUNISIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES ITALY - TUNISIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 LATITUDE NORTH 38 00.6' 38 04.9' 38 07.8' 38 10.5' 38 13.1' 38 15.0' 38 13.5' 38 14.5' 38 24.6' 38 03.5' 37 47.4' 37 41.2' 37 24.5' 37 22.4' 37 20.6' LONGITUDE EAST 07 49.0' 08 09.6' 08 22.3' 08 32.5' 08 48.8' 09 33.8' 09 40.4' 09 54.2' 10 41.7' 10 52.7' 11 10.3' 11 09.0' 11 42.0' 11 45.5' 11 48.2'

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ITALY - TUNISIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 15 16 17 18 LATITUDE NORTH 37 14.2' 37 08.4' 37 03.8' LONGITUDE EAST 11 52.7' 11 56.8' 12 00.9'

North intersection of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Pantelleria as centers and a radius of 13 miles, and of the median line joining point 17 and auxiliary point 18A defined hereunder. 36 55.5' 12 06.5'

18A 19

South intersection of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Pantelleria as centers and a radius of 13 miles, and of the median line joining auxiliary point 18A defined above and point 20 defined hereunder. The line of delimitation between points 18 and 19 is constituted by the west arc of the envelope of circles having the low-water line of Pantelleria as center and a radius of 13 miles.

20 21 22 23 24 25

36 35.0' 36 23.0' 36 21.7' 36 15.2' 36 08.7'

12 21.2' 12 29.4' 12 30.2' 12 32.4' 12 38.1'

The north intersection of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Linosa as centers and a radius of 13 miles, and of the median line joining point 24 to auxiliary point 25a defined hereunder. 35 52.3' 12 51.0'

25A 26

North intersection of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Linosa as centers and a radius of 13 miles, and of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Lampedusa as centers and a radius of 13 miles. The line of delimitation between points 25 and 26 is constituted by the north arc of the envelope of circles having the low-water line of Linosa as centers and a radius of 13 miles.

North intersection of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Lampedusa as centers and a radius of 13 miles and of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Lampione as centers and a radius of 12 miles. The line of delimitation between points 26 and 27 is constituted by the north arc of the envelope of circles having the low-water line of Lampedusa as centers and a radius of 13 miles.

South intersection of the envelope line of circles having

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ITALY - TUNISIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST

the low-water line of Lampione as centers and a radius of 12 miles and of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Lampedusa as centers and a radius of 13 miles. The line of delimitation between points 27 and 28 is constituted by the west arc of envelope of circles having the low-water line of Lampione as centers and a radius of 12 miles. 29 South intersection of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Lampedusa as centers and a radius of 13 miles and of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Linosa as centers and a radius of 13 miles. The line of delimitation between points 28 and 29 is constituted by the south arc of envelope of circles having the low-water line of Lampedusa as centers and a radius of 13 miles. 30A 30 35 46.5' 13 01.7'

South intersection of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Linosa as centers and a radius of 13 miles and of the median line joining auxiliary point 30A and point 31 defined hereunder. 35 39.6' 35 15.0' 13 11.5' 13 36.6'

31 32

The points of the line of delimitation as defined above were represented geographically on Italian maritime chart No. 260 at a scale of 1:750,000, Mercator projection, 40 04' latitude, 1963 edition, reprinted in March 1972, published by the Marine Hydrographic Institute at Genoa. The line of delimitation is constituted by the arcs of great circles which join the points defined above and by envelope sections around the islands mentioned in Article 2 of the Agreement. The auxiliary points used in the plotting are not part of the line of delimitation. This map and the present document were drawn up in application of the Agreement of August 20, 1971 and form an integral part thereof, notwithstanding any other legislative or regulatory provision regarding the definition of baselines enacted after the aforementioned date.

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JAMAICA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Nov 96 Maritime Areas Act No. 25 12nm Measured from archipelagic straight of 1996 in Jamaica baselines. Gazette Supplement 2 Jan 1997 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Oct 92 EEZ Act (Baselines) Established archipelagic baselines STRAIGHT BASELINES, & regulations (Gazette (coordinates). HISTORIC CLAIMS Proclamation CXV, No. 31A) Maritime Areas Act No. 25 Claims archipelagic status. (U.S. of 1996 in Jamaica acknowledges this status. See LIS No. Gazette Supplement 2 125.) Jan 1997 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Nov 96 Maritime Areas Act No. 25 24nm of 1996 in Jamaica Gazette Supplement 2 Jan 1997 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Nov 96 Maritime Areas Act No. 25 200nm/ of 1996 in Jamaica CM Gazette Supplement 2 Jan 1997 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Dec 91 EEZ Act of 1991 (Act No. 200nm EEZ. 33) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 94 Agreement Agreement with Cuba signed. Mar 94 Agreement Agreement with Colombia EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Mar 83 Jul 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement. Nov 96

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following geographical co-ordinates defining the basepoints to be joined by archipelagic baselines around the mainland of and the outlying islands of Jamaica are extracted from the Exclusive Economic Zone Act (Baselines) Regulations of 12 October 1992. TABLE C1.T137. JAMAICA ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM JAMAICA ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1 2 LATITUDE NORTH 18 15' 51" 18 16' 09" LONGITUDE WEST 78 22' 06" 78 22' 06"

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JAMAICA ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 U.S. ANALYSIS: Following is an analysis of Jamaicas archipelagic claim extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 125, "Jamaicas Maritime Claims and Boundaries" of 5 February 2004. Jamaicas Archipelagic Claim Jamaica is comprised of one main island and about a half-dozen small rocks, islets and cays generally situated about 60 miles south of the main island. Archipelagic straight baselines connect the main island to a rock, Southwest Rock, and to a series of small cays, Morant Cays. Morant Cays and Southwest Rock are, in turn, connected by straight lines to Blower Rock. While Jamaica may not be the model archipelagic State the negotiators had in mind when they developed the archipelagic legal regime during UNCLOS III, it nevertheless meets the criteria set forth in Part IV of the Convention. The archipelagic straight baseline lengths range from 0.04 miles (segment 7-8( to 89.56 miles (segment 26-27). Nineteen of the 28 baseline LATITUDE NORTH 18 21' 23" 18 21' 57" 18 22' 06" 18 26' 23" 18 27' 20" 18 27' 21" 18 31' 09" 18 31' 15" 18 31' 25" 18 31' 30" 18 31' 30" 18 31' 28" 18 31' 26" 18 28' 22" 18 24' 43" 18 10' 05" 18 09' 20" 18 09' 10" 17 55' 02" 17 24' 39" 17 24' 16" 17 23' 42" 17 23' 22" 17 23' 01" 17 02' 28" 16 47' 26" LONGITUDE WEST 78 20' 43" 78 20' 19" 78 20' 12" 78 14' 15" 78 12' 48" 78 12' 46" 77 53' 25" 77 52' 45" 77 51' 34" 77 50' 49" 77 50' 08" 77 49' 21" 77 48' 59" 77 18' 49" 76 53' 54" 76 21' 37" 76 20' 18" 76 20' 09" 76 10' 48" 75 57' 48" 75 57' 53" 75 58' 19" 75 58' 53" 76 00' 00" 77 31' 05" 78 11' 30"

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segments are less than 8 miles in length. The longest segments are those that connect the main island to the small Morarnt Cays, Blower Rock, and Southwest Rock. All baseline segments are within the LOS Convention permissible range. Jamaicas Maritime Claims It is from these archipelagic straight baselines that Jamaica measures its 12 mile territorial sea, 24 mile contiguous zone, and exclusive economic zone. Due to its location in the central Caribbean Sea, Jamaica is not able to extend its exclusive economic zone claim to a full 200 miles, but its outer limits are defined by negotiated and potential maritime boundary [agreements].... MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS JAMAICA - COLOMBIA The following is an excerpt from the 12 November 1993 Maritime Delimitation treaty between Jamaica and Colombia. Article 1 The maritime boundary between Jamaica and the Republic of Colombia is constituted by geodesic lines drawn between the following points: TABLE C1.T138. JAMAICA - COLOMBIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. LATITUDE NORTH 1429'37" 1415'00" 1405'00" 1444'10 LONGITUDE WEST 7838'00" 7819'30" 7740'00 7430'50"

From point 4, the delimitation line proceeds by a geodesic line in the direction to another point with coordinates 1502'00"N, 7327'30"W, as far as the delimitation line between Colombia and Haiti is intercepted by the delimitation line to be decided between Jamaica and Haiti.

U.S. ANALYSIS: From Limits in the Seas, No. 125, "Jamaicas Maritime Claims and Boundaries" of 5 February 2004. Although the maritime boundary approximates an equidistant line between the two countries, it is equidistant measured from the main Jamaican island and not the small cays in the south nor the archipelagic straight baselines. JAMAICA CUBA The following is an excerpt from the 18 February 1994 Agreement between Jamaica and Colombia on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary. Article 1 The Government of Jamaica and the Government of the Republic of Cuba agree that the equidistance method is the equitable solution for the establishment of the delimitation line between their exclusive economic zones and the continental shelves. Article 2 The delimitation line referred to in Article 1 is constituted by geodesic liens determined by the following points: [Note: There are 106 points which follow an equidistant line between Cuba and the northern side of the Jamaican main island.]

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JAPAN
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jun 96 Law on the Territorial Sea 12nm Amended Law No. 30 of 1977 by and Contiguous Zone extending territorial sea from 3 to 12nm. (Law No. 30 of 1977, as Soya Strait, Tsugaru Strait, the eastern amended by Law No. 73 and western channels of the Tsushima of 1996) Strait, and the Osumi Strait remain at 3nm "for the time being." _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 96 Law on the Territorial Sea Established straight baselines. (See map STRAIGHT BASELINES, & and Contiguous Zone at U.N. Law of the Sea website. See HISTORIC CLAIMS (Law No. 30 of 1977, as Foreward for website information.) amended by Law No. 73 of 1996) The U.S. does not recognize these baselines. (See LIS No. 120.) U.S. protested claim in 1998 and conducted operational challenge in 1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jun 96 Law on the Territorial Sea 24nm and Contiguous Zone (Law No.30 of 1977, as amended by Law No. 73 of 1996) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Law on the Exclusive 200nm CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 96 Economic Zone and Continental Shelf (Law No. 74 of 1996) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 96 Law on the Exclusive 200nm Economic Zone and Continental Shelf (Law No. 74 of 1996) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 78 Agreement Continental shelf boundary and joint development zone agreement with South Korea EIF. See LIS No. 75. Confirms with the U.S. that the "line of delimitation" of its EEZ is identical to the U.S. EEZ limit north of the N. Marianas. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Feb 83 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Jun 96 Signed Part XI Agreement. Jul 94 Exchange of Notes No. 112/NA-1 with the U.S.

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone (Law No. 30 of 1977, as amended by Law No. 73 of 1996).

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Article 2 1. The baseline shall be the low-water line, the straight baseline, and the straight line drawn across the mouth of or within a bay, or across the mouth of a river. Provided that, with respect to the Seto Naikai [Seto Inland Sea, often referred to in English as "the Inland Sea"], which is internal waters, the baseline shall be the lines prescribed by Cabinet Order as the boundaries with other areas of the sea adjacent thereto. 3. ...[T]he criteria to be used when employing, as baselines, the lines provided for in paragraph 1 and any other matters necessary for the drawing of baselines shall be prescribed by Cabinet Order. The following is extracted from the Enforcement Order of the Law on the Territorial Sea (Cabinet Order No. 210 of 17 June 1977). Article 1 The lines prescribed by Cabinet Order provided for in the proviso to article 2, paragraph 1, of the Law of the Territorial Sea (hereinafter referred to as "the Law") shall be the following: 1. The line drawn from the Kii Hi-no-Misaki Lighthouse (3352'42" North Latitude, 13503'50" East Longitude) to the Kamoda Misaki Lighthouse (3349'50" North Latitude 13445'08" East Longitude); 2. The line drawn from the Sada Misaki Lighthouse (3320'24" North Latitude, 12301' East Longitude) to the Seki Saki Lighthouse (3315'48" North Latitude, 13154'20" East Longitude); 3. The line drawn from Diaba Hana (3356'50" North Latitude, 13052'27" East Longitude) on Takenoko Sima to the Wakamatu Dokai Wan Entrance Breakwater Lighthouse (3356'17" North Latitude, 13051'11" East Longitude). Article 2 Excluding the Seto Naikai, which is internal waters, the baseline shall be the low-water line along the coast (or, if a river flows directly into the sea, a straight line across the mouth of the river between points on the low-tide line of its banks; the same shall apply hereinafter). Provided that, with respect to bays, referred to in each of the following subparagraphs, the low-water line along the coast which is within the straight line (or lines) prescribed in the subparagraphs shall not be used as the baseline, the straight line (or lines) prescribed in the relevant subparagraphs being the baseline. (1) Bays in which the distance between the low-water marks at the natural entrance points (where, because of the presence of islands, there is more than one natural entrance point, the sum total of the distances between the low-water marks at each natural entrance point; the same shall apply in the following subparagraph) does not exceed 24 nautical miles: the straight line joining the low-water marks at the natural entrance points. (2) Bays in which the distance between the low-water marks at the natural entrance points exceeds 24 nautical miles: the straight line 24 nautical miles in length joining the two points on the low-water line along the coast within the bay which, with the low-water line along the shore, will enclose the maximum area of water. 2. The low-water line on a low-tide elevation which, when the lines laid down in the subparagraphs of the preceding article and in the preceding paragraph are used as the baseline, is situated wholly or partly within the area of water which is included in the territorial sea shall be the baseline. 3. By bays and islands, in paragraph 1, and low-tide elevations, in the preceding paragraph, are meant bays, islands, and low-tide elevations as defined in, respectively, article 7, paragraph 2, article 10, paragraph 1, and article 11, paragraph 1, of the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone. The following is extracted from the Territorial Sea Law of July 1996. The following straight baselines, when viewed in conjunction with the mean low water mark baselines, delineate Japan's territorial sea. Straight baselines recognized by the United States are annotated with an asterisk (*). (1) Connect lines 1 through 12 with straight baselines:

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TABLE C1.T139. JAPAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 LATITUDE NORTH 43 23 00 43 21 59 43 21 33 43 19 59 43 19 48 43 11 59 43 09 45 43 09 31 42 59 39 42 59 15 42 56 39 42 55 51 LONGITUDE EAST 145 49 20 145 48 59 145 48 44 145 46 59 145 46 40 145 36 15 145 31 30 145 30 52 145 01 30 145 00 25 144 52 19 144 47 07 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 173 1* 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 9 10 10 11* 11 12*

(2) The baseline from point 12 to point 144 follows the coastline of the island of Hokkaido at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 144 on the island of Hokkaido and at point 13 on the island of Honshu. Connect points 13 through 24 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 LATITUDE NORTH 40 12 51 40 08 37 39 58 36 39 33 22 39 33 08 39 32 41 39 32 37 39 27 43 39 06 04 38 16 29 38 15 57 37 49 11 LONGITUDE EAST 141 50 18 141 53 27 141 57 48 142 04 24 142 04 28 142 04 33 142 04 33 142 03 52 141 55 35 141 35 25 141 35 00 140 59 27 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 143 13* 13 14* 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20* 20 21* 21 22 22 23 23 24

(3) The baseline from point 24 to point 25 follows the coastline of the island of Honshu at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 25 on the island of Honshu. Connect points 25 through 28 with straight baselines:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 25 26 27 28 LATITUDE NORTH 34 53 47 34 40 31 34 34 09 34 35 17 LONGITUDE EAST 139 53 25 139 26 32 138 56 48 138 13 50 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 24 25* 25 26 26 27 27 28

(4) The baseline from point 28 to point 29 follows the coastline of the island of Honshu at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 29 on the island of Honshu. Connect points 29 through 34 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 29 30 31 32 33 34 LATITUDE NORTH 34 40 10 34 16 38 34 12 46 33 37 58 33 34 41 33 34 34 LONGITUDE EAST 137 36 02 136 54 43 136 49 12 135 59 06 135 57 50 135 57 46 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 28 29* 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34

(5) The baseline from point 34 to point 35 follows the coastline of the island of Honshu at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 35 on the island of Honshu. Connect points 35 through 45 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 LATITUDE NORTH 33 40 02 33 37 34 33 14 34 33 14 27 33 14 14 33 01 16 32 43 38 32 43 08 32 43 01 32 41 57 32 25 17 LONGITUDE EAST 135 19 56 134 30 03 134 11 10 134 11 09 134 10 47 133 06 08 133 01 44 133 01 24 133 00 46 132 32 47 131 41 48 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 34 35* 35 36 36 37* 37 38* 38 39* 39 40 40 41* 41 42* 42 43* 43 44* 44 45

(6) The baseline from point 45 to point 46 follows the coastline of the island of Kyushu at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 46 on the island of Kyushu. Connect points 46 and 47 with straight baselines:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 46 47 LATITUDE NORTH 32 25 14 32 25 10 LONGITUDE EAST 131 41 43 131 41 33 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 45 46* 46 47*

(7) The baseline from point 47 to point 77 follows the coastline of the island of Kyushu at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 77 on the island of Kyushu and at point 48 on the island of Amami-shoto. Connect points 48 through 52 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 48 49 50 51 52 LATITUDE NORTH 28 24 11 28 19 05 28 12 06 28 06 10 28 00 50 LONGITUDE EAST 129 41 47 129 35 39 129 29 34 129 22 49 129 16 52 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 59 48* 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52*

(8) The baseline from point 52 to point 53 follows the coastline of the island of Amami-shoto at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 53 on the island of Amami-shoto. Connect points 53 and 54 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 53 54 LATITUDE NORTH 27 59 44 28 01 04 LONGITUDE EAST 129 15 25 129 10 01 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 52 53* 53 54*

(8) The baseline from point 54 to point 55 follows the coastline of the island of Amami-shoto at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 55 on the island of Amami-shoto. Connect points 55 through 59 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 55 56 57 58 59 LATITUDE NORTH 28 01 14 28 15 02 28 17 58 28 18 13 28 31 25 LONGITUDE EAST 129 08 41 129 08 07 129 10 43 129 11 09 129 40 30 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 54 55* 55 56* 56 57* 57 58* 58 59

(9) The baseline from point 59 to point 48 follows the coastline of the island of Amami-shoto at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 60 on the island of Okinawa. Connect points 60 and 61 with straight baselines:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 60 61 LATITUDE NORTH 26 37 35 26 11 22 LONGITUDE EAST 128 14 21 127 57 07 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 76 60* 60 61

(10) The baseline from point 61 to point 62 follows the coastline of the island of Okinawa at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 62 on the island of Okinawa. Connect points 62 and 63 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 62 63 LATITUDE NORTH 26 10 22 26 08 59 LONGITUDE EAST 127 56 15 127 53 39 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 61 62 62 63

(11) The baseline from point 63 to point 64 follows the coastline of the island of Okinawa at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 64 on the island of Okinawa. Connect points 64 and 65 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 64 65 LATITUDE NORTH 26 08 50 26 05 07 LONGITUDE EAST 127 53 22 127 43 29 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 63 64 64 65

(12) The baseline from point 65 to point 66 follows the coastline of the island of Okinawa at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 66 on the island of Okinawa. Connect points 66 and 67 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 66 67 LATITUDE NORTH 26 04 30 26 05 36 LONGITUDE EAST 127 39 25 127 32 18 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 65 66 66 67

(13) The baseline from point 67 to point 68 follows the coastline of the island of Okinawa at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 68 on the island of Okinawa. Connect points 68 and 69 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 68 69 LATITUDE NORTH 26 06 30 26 15 39 LONGITUDE EAST 127 31 57 127 31 41 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 67 68 68 69

(14) The baseline from point 69 to point 70 follows the coastline of the island of Okinawa at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 70 on the island of Okinawa. Connect points 70 and 71 with straight baselines:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 70 71 LATITUDE NORTH 26 16 16 26 43 06 LONGITUDE EAST 127 31 41 127 44 43 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 69 70 70 71

(15) The baseline from point 71 to point 72 follows the coastline of the island of Okinawa at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 72 on the island of Okinawa. Connect points 72 and 73 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 72 73 LATITUDE NORTH 26 44 00 26 59 20 LONGITUDE EAST 127 45 25 127 54 34 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 71 72 72 73

(16) The baseline from point 73 to point 74 follows the coastline of the island of Okinawa at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 74 on the island of Okinawa. Connect points 74 through 76 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 74 75 76 LATITUDE NORTH 27 05 15 27 05 53 26 52 19 LONGITUDE EAST 127 59 52 128 01 57 128 15 48 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 73 74 74 75 75 76

(17) The baseline from point 76 to point 60 follows the coastline of the island of Okinawa at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 77 on the island of Kyushu. Connect points 77 through 85 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 LATITUDE NORTH 31 21 38 31 21 28 30 47 53 30 43 17 30 44 43 30 49 31 30 49 34 31 10 06 31 39 20 LONGITUDE EAST 131 21 00 131 20 52 130 26 52 130 19 13 130 06 19 129 25 35 129 25 30 129 25 03 129 39 36 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 47 77* 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85

(18) The baseline from point 85 to point 86 follows the coastline of the island of Shimo-koshiki-shima at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 86 on the island of Shimo-koshiki-shima. Connect points 86 through 88 with straight baselines:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 86 87 88 LATITUDE NORTH 31 42 50 31 52 48 32 33 29 LONGITUDE EAST 129 42 01 129 50 06 128 54 27 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 85 86 86 87 87 88

(19) The baseline from point 88 to point 89 follows the coastline of a small island southeast of the island of Fukue-jima at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 89 on that island. Connect points 89 and 90 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 89 90 LATITUDE NORTH 32 33 46 32 34 10 LONGITUDE EAST 128 53 35 128 46 32 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 88 89 89 90

(20) The baseline from point 90 to point 91 follows the coastline of the island of Fukue-jima at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 91 on the island of Fukue-jima. Connect points 91 and 92 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 91 92 LATITUDE NORTH 32 36 33 32 42 52 LONGITUDE EAST 128 36 01 128 35 28 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 90 91 91 92

(21) The baseline from point 92 to point 93 follows the coastline of a small island west of the island of Fukue-jima at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 93 on that island. Connect points 93 through 98 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 93 94 95 96 97 98 LATITUDE NORTH 32 43 35 33 10 53 33 52 04 34 14 49 34 47 45 35 02 17 LONGITUDE EAST 128 35 38 128 48 17 129 40 40 130 06 20 131 07 59 132 15 24 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98

(22) The baseline from point 98 to point 128 follows the coastline of the island of Honshu at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 99 on the island of Tsushima. Connect points 99 through 127 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 99 100 LATITUDE NORTH 34 40 00 34 39 50 LONGITUDE EAST 129 30 02 129 30 01 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 127 99* 99 100

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POINT 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 LATITUDE NORTH 34 37 44 34 33 08 34 32 57 34 18 53 34 07 39 34 07 37 34 05 35 34 05 01 34 04 50 34 04 50 34 05 22 34 05 24 34 08 19 34 12 59 34 18 34 34 18 58 34 33 35 34 34 01 34 38 39 34 38 40 34 38 43 34 38 45 34 43 05 34 43 38 34 43 32 34 40 48 34 40 00 LONGITUDE EAST 129 29 40 129 28 33 129 28 30 129 25 00 129 17 06 129 17 04 129 14 41 129 13 26 129 12 58 129 12 53 129 09 56 129 09 56 129 10 09 129 10 54 129 11 53 129 12 00 129 17 13 129 17 21 129 19 19 129 19 20 129 19 24 129 19 26 129 26 03 129 27 01 129 27 40 129 29 55 129 30 02 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127

(23) The baseline from point 127 to point 99 follows the coastline of the island of Tsushima at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 128 on the island of Honshu. Connect points 128 and 129 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 128 129 LATITUDE NORTH 35 46 33 36 14 48 LONGITUDE EAST 135 13 36 136 07 32 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 98 128* 128 129

(24) The baseline from point 129 to point 130 follows the coastline of the island of Honshu at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 130 on the island of Honshu. Connect points 130 and 131 with straight baselines:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 130 131 LATITUDE NORTH 37 19 14 37 50 42 LONGITUDE EAST 136 43 29 136 54 50 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 129 130* 130 131

(25) The baseline from point 131 to point 132 follows the coastline of the island of Hekura-jima at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 132 on the island of Hekura-jima. Connect points 132 through 134 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 132 133 134 LATITUDE NORTH 37 51 09 38 00 49 38 01 08 LONGITUDE EAST 136 55 44 138 13 20 138 13 28 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 131 132 132 133 133 134

(26) The baseline from point 134 to point 135 follows the coastline of the island of Sadoga-shima at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 135 on the island of Sadoga-shima. Connect points 135 through 141 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 LATITUDE NORTH 38 19 52 38 29 35 39 10 59 40 00 43 40 31 54 41 15 37 41 33 12 LONGITUDE EAST 138 31 05 139 15 12 139 31 23 139 41 56 139 30 03 140 20 47 140 54 45 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141

(27) The baseline from point 141 to point 142 follows the coastline of the island of Honshu at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 142 on the island of Honshu. Connect points 142 and 143 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 142 143 LATITUDE NORTH 41 33 08 41 26 04 LONGITUDE EAST 140 55 05 141 28 07 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 141 142 142 143

(28) The baseline from point 143 to point 13 follows the coastline of Honshu at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 144 on the island of Hokkaido. Connect points 144 through 173 with straight baselines:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 LATITUDE NORTH 42 17 53 41 48 23 41 47 57 41 46 48 41 43 24 41 42 45 41 42 36 41 42 23 41 42 24 41 42 31 41 42 42 41 44 59 41 23 38 41 20 57 41 29 34 41 30 57 42 10 33 42 13 08 42 36 59 43 20 09 43 43 21 44 24 44 45 16 41 45 22 41 45 26 13 45 28 24 45 30 08 45 30 13 45 31 28 45 31 18 LONGITUDE EAST 141 00 26 141 11 31 141 11 26 141 09 36 141 03 23 141 01 59 141 00 10 140 58 21 140 57 57 140 57 37 140 57 16 140 52 30 140 12 12 139 48 10 139 20 40 139 20 17 139 24 18 139 26 04 139 49 48 140 20 38 141 19 57 141 17 40 141 01 08 140 59 08 140 58 00 140 57 51 140 57 53 140 57 59 141 55 22 141 56 40 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 12 144* 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173

(29) The baseline from point 173 to point 1 follows the coastline of the island of Hokkaido at the mean low water mark. Straight baseline segments begin again at point 174 on the island of Etorofu-to. Connect points 174 through 179 with straight baselines:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 174 175 176 177 178 179 LATITUDE NORTH 44 37 47 44 49 00 45 06 25 45 25 46 45 26 12 45 32 03 LONGITUDE EAST 146 57 10 147 06 25 147 30 02 147 54 26 147 55 50 148 39 17 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 179 174* 174 175* 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179

(30) The baseline from point 179 to point 174 follows the coastline of the island of Etorofu-to at the mean low water mark. Straight baselines segments begin again at point 180 on the island of Shikotan-to. Connect points 180 through 194 with straight baselines: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T139. POINT 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 LATITUDE NORTH 43 48 25 43 44 38 43 42 12 43 41 50 43 41 56 43 43 59 43 44 25 43 44 37 43 48 08 43 48 15 43 48 20 43 48 55 43 49 06 43 52 25 43 53 16 LONGITUDE EAST 146 54 43 146 48 20 146 40 52 146 38 51 146 38 36 146 35 49 146 35 24 146 35 18 146 35 19 146 35 22 146 35 30 146 36 38 146 37 02 146 46 46 146 49 41 BASELINE (PT. TO PT.) 194 180* 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194

(31) The baseline from point 194 to point 180 follows the coastline of the island of Shikotan-to at the mean low water mark. (32) All other Japanese baselines follow the coastlines of the remaining islands at the mean low water mark. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS JAPAN - SOUTH KOREA The following is extracted from the Agreement between Japan and the Republic Of Korea on the Establishment of the Boundary in the Northern Part of the Continental Shelf Adjacent to the Two Countries of June 1978.

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Article 1 1. The boundary line between that part of the continental shelf appertaining to Japan and that part of the continental shelf appertaining to the Republic of Korea in the northern part of the continental shelf adjacent to the two countries shall be straight lines connecting the following points in the sequence given below: TABLE C1.T140. JAPAN - SOUTH KOREA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES JAPAN - SOUTH KOREA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 LATITUDE NORTH 3257.0' 3257.5' 3301.3' 3308.7' 3313.7' 3316.2' 3345.1' 3347.4' 3350.4' 3408.2' 3413.0' 3418.0' 3418.5' 3424.5' 3427.6' 3429.2' 3432.1' 3432.6' 3440.3' 3449.7' 3450.6' 3452.4' 3454.3' 3457.0' 3457.6' 3458.6' 3501.2' 3504.1' 3506.8' 3507.0' LONGITUDE EAST 12741.1' 12741.9' 12744.0' 12748.3' 12751.6' 12752.3' 12821.7' 12825.5' 12826.1' 12841.3' 12847.6' 12852.8' 12853.3' 12857.3' 12859.4' 12900.2' 12900.8' 12900.8' 12903.1' 12912.1' 12913.0' 12915.8' 12918.4' 12921.7' 12922.6' 12925.3' 12932.9' 12940.7' 13007.5' 13016.4'

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JAPAN - SOUTH KOREA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINTS 31 32 33 34 35 LATITUDE NORTH 3518.2' 3533.7' 3542.3' 3603.8' 3610.0' LONGITUDE EAST 13023.3' 13034.1' 13042.7' 13108.3' 13115.9'

Article III This Agreement shall not affect the legal status of the superjacent waters or air space above.

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JORDAN
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA 1943 Law No. 25 3nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 96 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Israel signed, establishing the maritime boundary in the Gulf of Aqaba as the equidistant line. Agreement regarding Provided coordinates for above maritime boundaries in agreement. (See table below.) Gulf of Aqaba ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Nov 95 Acceded to Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES JORDAN - ISRAEL The following article is extracted from the Maritime Boundary Agreement between Jordan and Israel of 18 January 1996. Article 1 1. The maritime boundary in the Gulf of Aqaba between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Sate of Israel begins at Boundary Pillar 0 on the seashore and follows a straight line for 2.84 kilometres where it meets the median line of the Gulf. Thence the maritime boundary follows the median line of the Gulf southwards until the last point of the maritime boundary between the two countries. The following coordinates are extracted from the September 1996 Agreement establishing the coordinates of the maritime boundary between Jordan and Israel in the Gulf of Aqaba. TABLE C1.T141. JORDAN - ISRAEL BOUNDARY: GULF OF AQABA POINT BP 0 LATITUDE NORTH 29:32:33:316 N LONGITUDE EAST 34:58:41.4190 E (boundary line enters the coast) MB 1 MB 2 MB 3 29:31:08.7253 N 29:28:00.6141 N 29:27:12.1667 N 34:47:59.4512 E 34:56:01.0296 E 34:55:16.3595 E Sep 96

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KENYA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 89 Maritime Zones Act 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 89 Maritime Zones Act Established straight baseline system; STRAIGHT BASELINES, & claimed Ungwana (Formosa) Bay as an HISTORIC CLAIMS historic bay. This historic bay claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertions in 1990 and 1998. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 69 1958 Accession to the 1958 Continental Shelf DEF Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 89 Maritime Zones Act 200nm Claims the right to regulate passage of warships and military exercises in EEZ, but does not set forth any regulation. The U.S. does not recognize the claimed right. Amendments to the Aligns the Fisheries Act to the newly Fisheries Act proclaimed EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jul 76 Diplomatic Notes Maritime boundary agreement with Tanzania EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. 1989 Mar 89 Ratified Convention.

Jul 94 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are excerpts from the Maritime Zones Act, August 1989, in which the Government of Kenya specified straight baselines and historic waters claims: An Act of Parliament to consolidate the law relating to the territorial waters and the continental shelf of Kenya; to provide for the establishment and delimitation of the exclusive economic zone of Kenya; to provide for the exploration and exploitation and conservation and management of the resources of the maritime zones; and for connected purposes. 1. This Act may be cited as the Maritime Zones Act.... 3. (1) Except as provided in subsection (4), the breadth of the territorial waters of Kenya shall be twelve nautical miles. (2) The breadth of such territorial sea shall be measured in the manner set out in the First Schedule calculated in accordance with the provith sions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea done at Montego Bay on 10 December, 1982. (3) For the purpose of Article 7 of that Convention, Ungwana Bay (formerly known as Formosa Bay) shall be deemed to be and always to have been an historic bay; and the Minister may, by notice published in the Gazette, declare any other bays or waters to be historic bays or waters. (4) On the coastline adjacent to neighbouring States the breadth of the territorial sea shall extend to every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial waters of each of the respective States is measured.

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4. (1) There shall be an exclusive economic zone of Kenya. (2) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), the exclusive economic zone shall comprise those areas of the sea, seabed and subsoil that are beyond and adjacent to the territorial waters, having as their limits a line measured seaward from the baselines, low waterlines or low tide elevations described in the First Schedule, every point of which is 200 nautical miles from the point on the baselines, low water marks or low tide elevations. (3) The southern boundary of the exclusive economic zone with Tanzania shall be on an easterly latitude north of Pemba Island obtained by the northern intersection of two arcs one from the Kenya lighthouse at Mpunguti Ya Juu Island, and the other from Pemba Island lighthouse at Ras Kigomasha.... 9. (1) Where no other provision is for the time being made by any other written law, the Minister may make regulations to regulatefor all or any of the following purposes:.... (e) providing for the passage of warships or other military vessels through the exclusive economic zone and the conduct of any military manoeuvres therein;.... First Schedule TABLE C1.T142. KENYA TERRITORIAL SEA KENYA TERRITORIAL SEA The area of the territorial waters of the Republic of Kenya extends on the coastline adjacent to the High Seas to a line twelve International Nautical Miles seawards from the straight baselines, low water lines or low tide elevations, hereinafter described as follows:-Commencing on the straight line joining Diua Damasciaca Island and Kiungamwina Island at the point at which this line is intersected perpendicularly by the Median straight line drawn from Boundary Pillar 29 (being the terminal pillar of the Kenya-Somalia land boundary), thence continuing south westerly by a straight base line to Kiungamwina Island; thence south westerly by a straight base line for about 7 km. to an unnamed island; thence south westerly by a straight base line for about 25 km. to Little Head; thence south westerly by a straight base line for about 11 km. to Boteler Island; thence south westerly by a straight base line for about 45 km. to Ras Takwa; thence south westerly by a straight base line for about 18 km. to Kinyika Island; thence south westerly by a straight base line for about 9 km. to Tenewi Ya Juu Island; thence south westerly by a straight base line for about 26 km. to Ziwaiu Island; thence south westerly by a straight base line across Ungwana Bay for about 56 km. to the northermost point of Ras Ngomeni; thence continuing generally along the low water line to Ras Wasini (provided that the following bays are internal waters and the inner boundary of the territorial sea shall follow the closing lines across their entrances Sabaki River, Mida Creek, Kilifi Creek, Takaungu Creek, Mtwapa Creek, Mombasa and Kilindini Harbours, Mwachema River, Maftaha (Gazi) Bay, Funzi Bay); thence southerly across the Wasini Channel to Ras Kisinga Mkoni; thence by the low water line to Mpunguti Ya Chini Island; thence southerly by a straight base line for about 3 km. to Mpunguti Ya Juu Island; thence westerly by a straight base line for about 5 km. to Kisite Island; thence westerly by a straight base line for about 18 km. to the terminal of the Kenya/Tanzania land boundary at Ras Jimbo.

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MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS KENYA - TANZANIA The following is extracted from an exchange of notes (dated 17 December 1975 and 9 July 1976) constituting an agreement between Kenya and Tanzania concerning the Delimitation of the Territorial Waters Boundary between the two States. 1. The Boundary: TABLE C1.T143. KENYA - TANZANIA MARITIME BOUNDARY BASELINES BASELINES (a) Ras Jimbo beacon-Kisite Island (rock) (b) Ras Jimbo-Mwamba-wamba beacon (c) Mwamba-wamba beacon-fundo Island beacon (rock) (d) Fundo Island beacon (rock)-Ras Kigomasha lighthouse (e) Kisite Island (rock)-mpunguti ya Juu-lighthouse 2. The description of the boundary: TABLE C1.T144. KENYA - TANZANIA: DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARY (a) On the West: The median line between the Ras Jimbo beacon - Kisite Island/Ras Jimbo - Mwamba-wamba beacon base lines to a point 12 nautical miles from Ras Jimbo up to a point hereinafter referred to as 'A', located at 4 49' 56" S and 39 20' 58" E; (b) On the East: The median line derived by the Intersection of two arcs each being 12 nautical miles drawn from Mpunguti ya Juu lighthouse and Ras Kigomasha lighthouse respectively hereinafter referred to as point 'B', located at 4 53' 31" S and 39 28' 40" E and point C, located at 4 40' 52" S and 39 36' 18" E; (c) On the South: An arc with the centre as the Northern Intersection of arcs with radii 6 nautical miles from point 'A' as described in paragraph 2 (a) above and point 'B' which is the Southern Intersection of arcs from Ras Kigomasha lighthouse and Mpunguti ya Juu lighthouse. (d) The eastward boundary from point C, which is the Northern Intersection of arcs from Ras Kigomasha lighthouse and Mpunguti ya Juu lighthouse as described under paragraph 2 (b) above, shall be the latitude extending eastwards to a point where it intersects the outermost limits of territorial water boundary or areas of national jurisdiction of two States. (e) The marine charts of 1:250,000 describing the co-ordinates of the above points shall form an intergral part of this agreement.

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KIRIBATI
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA May 83 Marine Zones 12nm Baseline means the low-water line of the (Declaration) Act No. 7 coast, or where there is a reef, the seaward side of the reef fronting the coast or bounding any lagoon waters adjacent to any part of that coast. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, May 83 Marine Zones Implementing legislation for archipelagic STRAIGHT BASELINES, & (Declaration) Act No. 7 baselines to be drawn in accordance with HISTORIC CLAIMS international law. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF May 83 Maritime Zones 200nm [A]ll areas of the seabed, and the subsoil (Declaration) Act No. 7 under the seabed of the EEZ shall be treatedas part of the continental shelf of Kiribati. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 83 Maritime Zones 200nm EEZ. (Declaration) Act No. 7 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Feb 2003 Acceded to Convention, with Declaration protesting formula for calculating status as archipelago. Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF (North Korea)

SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Mar 55 Resolution No. 25 12nm Claimed restrictions on navigation; see section on Contiguous Zone, below. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 77 Army Command Straight baselines not officially STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Announcement announced, but are inferred from HISTORIC CLAIMS announced limits of military security zone. These claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claims by public statement in 1977, diplomatic protest in 1990 and operational assertion (overflight) in 1988. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 77 Army Command 50Military Security Zone: 50nm beyond Announcement 200nm territorial sea off east coast in Sea of Japan (East Sea), and to limits of EEZ off west coast in Yellow Sea (West Sea). Foreign warships/aircraft are forbidden; navigation or overflight by merchant vessels requires prior permission. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim by public statement in 1977 and diplomatic protest in 1990 and conducted operational assertion (overflight) in 1988. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 77 Decree Establishing the 200nm No foreign person, vessel or aircraft may Economic Zone take photographs,[or] survey in the EEZ. This prohibition is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 85 Agreement Territorial sea boundary agreement with former USSR signed. Maritime, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf boundary agreement with former USSR EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention; never ratified. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MILITARY ZONE LEGISLATION North Korea put economic zones into effect 1 August 1977 and, in a surprise announcement, proclaimed the establishment of a 50nm wide "military zone." The zone was described as extending 50nm beyond North Korea's present 12nm territorial sea limit on the east coast and as equating to the limits of the economic zone on the west coast. As with its previously announced 200 mile EEZ, no precise delineation of the limits of the military zones was given, thus leaving their boundaries open to interpretation. The first substantive information regarding the coordinates of the eastern military zone was obtained by a Japanese delegation that had visited North Korea to negotiate a fishing agreement. The coordinates reported by the Japanese have come to be regarded as an accurate depiction of the limits of the security zone off the east coast. This zone is believed to be the area enclosed within the following points: May 86 Agreement

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TABLE C1.T145. NORTH KOREA MILITARY ZONE COORDINATES: EAST COAST LATITUDE NORTH 38-36-48N 38-36-48N 41-46-13N 42-17-00 N LONGITUDE EAST 128-22-00E 129-30-30E 131-31-15E 130-41-00E

On the west coast, the Military Zone equates to the EEZ. Again, although coordinates have not been promulgated by North Korea, the Military Zone (and EEZ) is believed to be encompassed within the following points: TABLE C1.T146. NORTH KOREA MILITARY ZONE COORDINATES: WEST COAST LATITUDE NORTH 39-48N 38-05N 38-03N 37-34N 37-38N 37-56N LONGITUDE EAST 124-05E 123-14E 124-49E 125-01E 125-40E 125-50E

Although the above area does not conform completely to a midline delineation of the EEZ in the Yellow Sea, and also fails to encompass a considerable body of water to the southwest that might logically be included, the above coordinates are believed to be correct based on North Korean enforcement practices. It is emphasized, however, that no coordinates have been officially promulgated by the North Korean Government. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS NORTH KOREA - RUSSIA The following is extracted from the Agreement between North Korea and the USSR on the Delimitation of the Soviet-Korean National Border, signed 17 April 1985. Article 1 The line of the national border between the USSR and DPRK passes from the junction of the borders of the USSR, the PRC, and the DPRK along the middle of the main channel of the Tumen (Tumannaya) River to its estuary, and therefrom in the Sea of Japan (East Korea Sea) to the line's point of intersection with the external boundary of Soviet and Korean territorial waters as shown [on a map appended to the treaty. See following description.] Description of Demarcation Line of the National Border between the DPRK and USSR The national border between the USSR and the DPRK begins from the junction of the borders of the USSR, the DPRK and the PRC (Point A). From point A, located in the middle of the Tumen (Tumannaya) River, the line of the border proceeds along the middle of the river in a southeasterly direction approximately 1.1km from the aforementioned starting point A, turns southward, and reaches point B along the main channel of the river. Point B is situated in the middle of the main channel of the river, approximately 1.4 km southeast of the western tip of the railway bridge and approximately 1.5m south of the eastern tip of this same bridge.

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At point B the line of the border turns southeast and, proceeding along the middle of the main channel of the river, turns south approximately 3.5km from point B and approaches point C. Point C is located in the middle of the main channel of the river, approximately 2.5 km southeast of height 89.9 situated on the Korean side, and approximately 3.3km northeast of height 120.1 on the Korean side. From point C the line of the national border, proceeding southwest along the middle of the channel of the river, approaches point D. Point D is located in the middle of the main channel of the river, approximately 1.2km southeast of height 120.1 situated on the Korean side, and approximately 1.5km east of height 148 on the Korean side. From point D the line of the border passes southward along the middle of the river, leaving one island on the Soviet side and one island on the Korean side, and reaches point E. Point E is located in the middle of the main channel of the river, approximately 1.5km southeast of height 154 situated on the Korean side, and approximately 1.0km northeast of height 185 on the Korean side. From point E the line of the border proceeds along the middle of the river in a generally southeastern direction and, leaving on the Korean side the island Tkhory, the island Great Pkhunnyon, and the island Little Pkhunnyon [all these Korean names are transliterated from the Russian], reaches the middle of the Tumannaya (Tumen) River estuary. The final point F of the line of the border on the river is located in the center of a line drawn in the Tumen (Tumannaya) River estuary from the southernmost point of the Soviet coast to the northernmost point of the Korean coast of the Sea of Japan (East Korean Sea). From point F the line of the national border between Soviet and Korean territorial waters passes along a straight line to a point having the geographical coordinates lat. 42 09' N. and long. 130 53' E. The following is extracted from the Agreement between North Korea and the USSR on the Delimitation of the Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf (signed 22 January 1986, EIF May 1986). Article 1 The boundary of the economic zone and the continental shelf between the USSR and the DPRK intersects the line of the out limit of the Soviet and Korean territorial waters, with the geographic coordinates of latitude 42 09.0' North and longitude 130 53.0' East.... From this point, the boundary follows a straight line, first southeast, to a point having the geographic coordinates of latitude 39 47.5' North and longitude 133 13.7' East, and then turns eastward and proceeds to a point with the geographic coordinates of latitude 39 39.3' North and longitude 133 45.0' East.

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KOREA, REPUBLIC OF (South Korea)

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 121, "Straight Baseline and Territorial Sea Claims: South Korea" of 30 September 1998. Introduction The original claim to straight baselines was made by Presidential Decree No. 9162 which entered into force on 20 September 1978. The same Decree made special provisions for the territorial sea limit in the Western Channel of the Korean Strait. The law amending the 1977 Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Act, Law No. 4986, was promulgated on December 6, 1995 Six months later, Enforcement Decree of Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Act (Presidential Decree No. 15133) was enacted on July 31, 1996 With one minor difference in one [actually, two points 13 and 14] of the straight baseline turning points, the straight baseline turning points and the territorial sea limit claimed in 1978 and 1996 are identical. Annex II Enforcement Decree of Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Act; Presidential Decree No. 9162, 20 September 1978; Amended by Presidential Decree No. 13463, 7 September 1991; and by Presidential Decree No. 15133, 31 July 1996 Table 1 Areas of the seas where straight lines are employed as baselines and the basepoints thereof TABLE C1.T147. SOUTH KOREA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM SOUTH KOREA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM WATER AREA Yeongil Man (Yeongil Bay) POINT 1 GEOGRAPHICAL DESIGNATION Dalman Gap (Talman Point) LATITUDE LONGITUDE N 36 06' 05" E 129 26' 06" 2 Janggi Gap (Changki Point) N 36 05' 19" E 129 33' 36" Ulsan Man (Ulsan Bay) 3 Hwaam Chu N 35 28' 13" E 129 24' 39" 4 Beornweol Gap (Pomwol Point) N 35 25' 45" E 129 22' 16" South Sea 5 1.5 Meter Am (rock) N 35 09' 59" E 129 13' 12" 6 Saeng-do (south end) N 35 02' 01" E 129 05' 43" 7 Hong Do (island) N 34 31' 52" E 128 44' 11" 8 Ganyeo Am (Kanyo Rock) N 34 17' 04" E 127 51' 25" 9 Sangbaeg Do N 34 01' 38" E 127 36' 48" 10 Geomun Do N 34 00' 00" E 127 19' 35"

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SOUTH KOREA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM WATER AREA POINT 11 GEOGRAPHICAL DESIGNATION Yeoseo Do LATITUDE LONGITUDE N 33 57' 56" E 126 55' 39" 12 Jangsu Do N 33 54' 55" E 126 38' 25" 13 Joelmyeong Seo N 33 54' 55" E 126 38' 25" 14 Soheugsan Do N 34 02' 40" E 125 04' 42" West Sea 15 Sogugheul Do (Northwest of Soheugsan Do) N 34 06' 51" E 125 04' 42" 16 Hong Do N 34 40' 18" E 125 10' 25" 17 Go Seo (North-west of Hong Do) N 34 43' 03" E 125 11' 25" 18 Hoeng Do N 35 20' 03" E 125 59' 14" 19 Sangwang-deung Do N 35 39' 30" E 126 06' 16" 20 Jig Do N 35 53' 10" E 126 04' 15" 21 Eocheong Do N 36 07' 05" E 125 58' 11" 22 Seogyeog-yeolbi Do N 36 36' 36" E 125 32' 30" 23 Soryeong Do N 36 58' 38" E 125 45' 02" Table 2 Outer limits of the territorial sea in the Korea Strait 1. The outer limit at a distance of three nautical miles measured from the straight baselines joining, in order, basepoint #5 (1.5 meter rock), basepoint #6 (Saeng-do), and basepoint 7 (Hong Do). 2. The line drawn from basepoint 5 (1.5 Meter Am) at 127 degrees intersects the above-mentioned line at a point which is three nautical miles from basepoint 5. From this intersection point a line drawn at 93 intersects the outer limit line of 12 nautical miles measured from the baseline. 3. The line drawn from basepoint 7 (Hong Do) at 120 intersects the line mentioned in paragraph 1 above at a point which is three nautical miles from basepoint 7. From this intersection point, a line drawn at 172 intersects the outer limit line of 12 nautical miles measured from the baseline.

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U.S. ANALYSIS Korea has claimed 19 straight baseline segments beginning along its southwest coast, near Pusan, enclosing all the islands and rocks off its southern and western coasts (except for Cheju Do). Twelve of these segments are 24 miles or shorter. Five of the segments are between 24 and 48 miles; and 2 segments exceed 48 miles, with the longest segment (which connects points 13-14 between Jeolmyseong Seo and Soheugsan Do off the southwest coast) being 60.3 miles in length. Once the baseline lengths exceed 24 miles, particularly when the features being connected are quite small (in some cases no more than rocks) and isolated, it becomes highly unlikely that the waters being enclosed are sufficiently closely linked to the land domain to be subject to the regime of internal waters. The first segment (points 1-2) encloses Yongil Bay with a 6.1 mile closing line. This bay meets the requirements of an article 10 bay. Segment two (points 3-4) also encloses an article 10 bay with a 3.1 mile closing line. Point 5 is situated on a rock less than one mile seaward of Pusan. Not only is this feature not appropriate to be included in a straight baseline system, since it is an isolated feature with no other islands in the area, there is no straight baseline segment drawn from the mainland to the rock. This gap creates an uncertainty as to where the boundary is between internal waters and the territorial sea. The island, Saeng Do, on which basepoint number 6 lies could be used in defining an article 10 bay along that part of the South Korean mainland near Pusan. From point 4 South Korea has drawn an excessive 34.9 mile baseline to Hong Do (Point 7), a small islet at the southern entrance to the Western Channel. From here the baseline system continues through point 8 (Ganyeo Am), point 9 (Sangbaeg Do) to point 10 (Geomun Do). Points 7, 8, and 9 are all very small features separated by distances of 36.1 and 19.6 miles, respectively. The distance between point 9 and Geomun Do, a slightly larger feature, is 14.4 miles. These features cannot be considered as fringing the Korean mainland; these point range from 12 to 129 miles distant from the mainland. A series of straight baselines could be drawn closer to the mainland where there are larger and more islands which meet the LOS Convention criteria. Beginning at point 6, and continuing to an area landward of point 18, a valid straight baseline system could be established if the islands closer to the mainland were used. However, the baseline segments connecting points 6 to 18 are excessive. From point 6, South Korea creates baseline segments that connect isolated small features. The segment connecting points 13-14 is 60.3 miles in length, clearly an excessive length. The islands on which base points 7 through 23 are located may not be used to draw a straight baseline system. A 12-mile territorial sea, however, may be drawn from the low-water line of these islands. It should be noted that the final point 23 is located on Soryeong Do and that there is no straight baseline attaching it to the mainland. Similar to basepoint 5, this creates a situation where it is unclear where the internal waters end and the territorial sea begins. No straight baselines have been drawn to Cheju Do, a large island situated about 50 miles south of South Koreas mainland. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS SOUTH KOREA - JAPAN The following is extracted from the January 1974 Agreement between South Korea and Japan concerning the Establishment of a Boundary in the Northern Part of the Continental Shelf.(EIF June 1978). Article 1 1. The boundary line between that part of the continental shelf appertaining to Japan and that part of the continental shelf appertaining to the Republic of Korea in the northern part of the continental shelf adjacent to the two countries shall be straight lines connecting the following points in the sequence given below: TABLE C1.T148. SOUTH KOREA - JAPAN MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES SOUTH KOREA - JAPAN MARITIME BOUNDARY POINTS 1 2 3 4 5 LATITUDE NORTH 3257.0' 3257.5' 3301.3' 3308.7' 3313.7' LONGITUDE EAST 12741.1' 12741.9' 12744.0' 12748.3' 12751.6'

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SOUTH KOREA - JAPAN MARITIME BOUNDARY POINTS 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 LATITUDE NORTH 3316.2' 3345.1' 3347.4' 3350.4' 3408.2' 3413.0' 3413.0' 3418.5' 3424.5' 3427.6' 3429.2' 3432.1' 3432.6' 3440.3' 3449.7' 3450.6' 3452.4' 3454.3' 3457.0' 3457.6' 3458.6' 3501.2' 3504.1' 3506.8' 3507.0' 3518.2' 3533.7' 3542.3' 3603.8' 3610.0' LONGITUDE EAST 12752.3' 12821.7' 12825.5' 12826.1' 12841.3' 12847.6' 12852.8' 12853.3' 12857.3' 12859.4' 12900.2' 12900.8' 12900.8' 12903.1' 12912.1' 12913.0' 12915.8' 12918.4' 12921.7' 12922.6' 12925.3' 12932.9' 12940.7' 13007.5' 13016.4' 13023.3' 13034.1' 13042.7' 13108.3' 13115.9'

Article III This Agreement shall not affect the legal status of the superjacent waters or air space above. The following is extracted from the Agreement on the Joint Development of the Continental Shelf between South Korea and Japan (EIF June 1978).

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TABLE C1.T149. SOUTH KOREA - JAPAN JOINT DEVELOPMENT ZONE SOUTH KOREA - JAPAN JOINT DEVELOPMENT ZONE POINTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 LATITUDE NORTH 3257.0' 3253.4' 3246.2' 3233.6' 3210.5' 3046.2' 3033.3' 3018.2' 2836.0' 2919.0' 2943.0' 3019.0' 3054.0' 1313.0' 3147.0' 3147.0' 3212.0' 3227.0' 3227.0' 3257.0' 3257.0' LONGITUDE EAST 12741.1' 12736.3' 12727.8' 12713.1' 12651.5' 12555.5' 12600.8' 12605.5' 12738.0' 12800.0' 12838.0' 12909.0' 12904.0' 12850.0' 12850.0' 12814.0' 12750.0' 12756.0' 12818.0' 12818.0' 12741.1'

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KUWAIT
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 67 Amiri Decree 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, 1964 Law No. 12 Closure line for Kuwait Bay for purposes STRAIGHT BASELINES, & of pollution control. HISTORIC CLAIMS Dec 67 Amiri Decree Adopted above line as baseline for territorial sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 49 Proclamation by the Ruler Limits to be specified as required. of Kuwait _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Boundary with Iraq. MARITIME BOUNDARIES May 93 UN letter transmitting Security Council Final Report of the Demarcation of the International Boundary between Iraq and Kuwait Maritime boundary agreement (submerged area, presumably continental shelf) with Saudi Arabia. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. May 86 Ratified Convention. Jul 2000 Agreement

Aug 2002 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES The following geographic coordinates are taken from the U.N. Final Report on the Demarcation of the International Boundary between Iraq and Kuwait, dated Jun 1993, adopted in U.N. Resolution No. 833. TABLE C1.T150. KUWAIT - IRAQ BOUNDARY COORDINATES: BETWEEN UMM QASR AND THE JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS ALONG THE LOW-WATER LINE BETWEEN UMM QASR THE JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS POINT 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 LATITUDE N 30 00 30.6311 N 30 00 25.5597 N 30 00 20.1338 N 30 00 17.0202 N 30 00 07.3546 N 30 00 04.0223 N 30 00 02.4886 LONGITUDE E 47 57 19.1337 E 47 57 22.1204 E 47 57 26.6988 E 47 57 27.9162 E 47 57 38.5615 E 47 57 43.0972 E 47 57 45.0878 AND

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ALONG THE LOW-WATER LINE BETWEEN UMM QASR THE JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS POINT 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 LATITUDE N 29 59 59.9883 N 29 59 54.3048 N 29 59 51.1851 N 29 59 48.5075 N 29 59 45.9004 N 29 59 44.0034 N 29 59 42.9652 N 29 59 40.8118 N 29 59 39.9809 N 29 59 38.3873 N 29 59 37.0503 N 29 59 35.7797 N 29 59 33.5772 N 29 59 30.9373 N 29 59 30.8353 N 29 59 29.7002 N 29 59 27.9211 N 29 59 27.4473 N 29 59 27.0442 N 29 59 25.6931 N 29 59 23.6762 N 29 59 37.4841 LONGITUDE E 47 57 50.2931 E 47 58 00.0921 E 47 58 07.3891 E 47 58 15.0012 E 47 58 23.9522 E 47 58 34.7048 E 47 58 41.8016 E 47 59 01.6401 E 47 59 05.2917 E 47 59 15.6241 E 47 59 26.0722 E 47 59 28.9642 E 47 59 37.8413 E 47 59 51.7876 E 47 59 55.2387 E 48 00 04.7347 E 48 00 23.7886 E 48 00 31.1501 E 48 00 33.8539 E 48 00 37.8351 E 48 00 42.0794 E 48 00 53.4169 AND

TABLE C1.T151. KUWAIT - IRAQ BOUNDARY COORDINATES: JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS ALONG THE MEDIAN LINE OF THE KHOWR ABD ALLAH FROM THE JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS AND ALONG THE MEDIAN LINE OF THE KHOWR ABD ALLAH POINT 136 137 138 139 140 141 LATITUDE N 29 59 47.3389 N 29 59 47.9344 N 29 59 58.1832 N 30 00 26.1002 N 30 00 50.4002 N 30 00 09.0001 LONGITUDE E 48 00 52.6840 E 48 01 03.2547 E 48 01 20.7047 E 48 01 50.4004 E 48 02 14.4005 E 48 02 39.0004

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FROM THE JUNCTION OF THE KHOWRS AND ALONG THE MEDIAN LINE OF THE KHOWR ABD ALLAH POINT 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 LATITUDE N 30 00 18.9000 N 30 01 33.5167 N 30 01 40.3556 N 30 01 45.5265 N 30 01 48.5499 N 30 01 47.7000 N 30 01 42.3674 N 30 01 39.9238 N 30 01 35.6000 N 30 01 32.7610 N 30 01 28.5001 N 30 01 19.5909 N 30 00 52.0000 N 30 00 18.0000 N 29 59 39.0021 N 29 59 04.8481 N 29 58 33.7229 N 29 57 54.1645 N 29 57 17.8346 N 29 54 25.3068 N 29 51 09.6324 LONGITUDE E 48 03 00.0002 E 48 03 41.3692 E 48 04 05.2773 E 48 04 34.0137 E 48 05 20.2407 E 48 05 53.7002 E 48 06 31.1234 E 48 07 16.8423 E 48 08 00.9000 E 48 08 47.0644 E 48 09 17.3994 E 48 09 51.7837 E 48 11 04.0000 E 48 11 41.0000 E 48 12 26.3921 E 48 13 41.3329 E 48 14 34.6628 E 48 15 17.7224 E 48 16 30.2549 E 48 20 16.4802 E 48 24 50.8383

KUWAIT - SAUDI ARABIA The following is extracted from the July 2000 Agreement between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia concerning the Submerged Area Adjacent to the Divided Zone. Article 1 The line dividing the submerged area adjacent to the divided zone, which represents the border between the two countries, begins on the coast at Point G at geographical coordinates 28 32 02.488 north and 48 25 59.019 east and passes through four points with the following geographical coordinates: TABLE C1.T152. KUWAIT - SAUDI ARABIA MARITIME BOUNDARY SEQUENCE 1 2 3 LATITUDE NORTH 28 38 20 28 39 56 28 41 49 LONGITUDE EAST 48 35 22 48 39 50 48 41 18

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SEQUENCE 4 LATITUDE NORTH 28 56 06 LONGITUDE EAST 48 26 42

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LATVIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 90 Law on the Border of the 12nm Creates enabling legislation for Republic of Latvia procedures governing the arrival and stay of foreign warships in the territorial sea. Jan 2001 Government regulation Bans foreign warships with nuclear engines/cargo from entering Latvias territorial waters and ports without 30 days prior notice and permission.

To the extent this is meant to restrict innocent passage, it is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 92 1958 Accession to the 1958 Continental Shelf DEF Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Feb 93 Act on Continental Shelf & 200nm EEZ. Economic Zone _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jul 96 Agreement Maritime delimitation agreement with Estonia (Gulf of Riga, Strait of Irbe, and the Baltic Sea) signed. Tripoint agreement with Estonia and Sweden signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 2004 Acceded to Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Apr 97

MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT LATVIA ESTONIA The following is extracted from the July 1996 Agreement between Latvia and Estonia on Maritime Delimitation in the Gulf of Riga, the Strait of Irbe and the Baltic Sea. The Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia, hereafter referred to as the Parties, desiring to establish the maritime boundary between the two States in the Gulf of Riga, the Strait of Irbe and the Baltic Sea, acknowledging the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and general principles of international law as a basis for such a maritime delimitation, recalling the importance of ensuring freedom of navigation and overflight in each other's vessels and aircraft in accordance with international law, wishing to contribute to stability in the Baltic Sea region in general, and in particular to stability in the area being delimitated, recalling the traditional cooperation between Parties in the Gulf of Riga, the Strait of Irbe and the Baltic Sea, recognizing the obligation under international law of protecting the marine environment, desiring to cooperate with each other in the Gulf of Riga, the Strait of Irbe and the Baltic Sea with regard to the conservation, exploration, and exploitation of living resources in accordance with the provision of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,

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noting the Agreement between the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia on the re-establishment of the State Border of 20 March 1992, have agreed as follows: Article 1 The maritime boundary between the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia in the Gulf of Riga, the Strait of Irbe and in the Baltic Sea referred to in this Agreement is the maritime boundary with respect to the territorial seas, the exclusive economic zones, the continental shelf, and any other maritime zones which might be established by the contracting Parties in accordance with the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and principles of international law. Article 2 The maritime boundary between the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia in the Gulf of Riga and the Strait of Irbe consists of straight geodetic lines connecting the points with the following geographical coordinates: TABLE C1.T153. LATVIA - ESTONIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LATITUDE NORTH 57 52, 471' 57 55, 033' 57 53, 950' 57 53, 950' 57 46, 974' 57 40, 173' 57 35, 630' 57 35, 183' 57 42, 133' 57 46, 831' 57 56, 450' 57 55, 644' 57 46, 750' 57 44, 967' 57 45, 783' LONGITUDE EAST 24 21, 406' 24 15, 667' 24 12, 567' 23 36, 067' 23 38, 910' 23 34, 940' 23 24, 361' 23 10, 850' 22 59, 950' 22 54, 461' 22 42, 450' 22 35, 016' 22 08, 600' 21 54, 967' 21 50, 567'

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LEBANON
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Sept 83 Decree-Law No. 138 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 84 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jan 95

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LIBERIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA June 68 Act to Establish & Delimit 12nm the Territorial Sea & Contiguous Zone This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1977 and conducted operational assertions in 1981, 1985-1992 (overflights), 1990-91, 19971998 (extended operations), and 1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF 1969 Act to establish the 1958 Continental Shelf DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention; never ratified. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ May 77 Act to Approve Executive Order of 24 Dec 76 200nm

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LIBYA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 59 Territorial Waters 12nm Jun 85 Shipping Regulations Innocent passage of commercial vessels requires prior notification and must occur in daylight; four prohibited zones established.

This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested in 1985. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Oct 73 Foreign Ministry Note Claimed Gulf of Sidra (Sirt) as Libyan STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Verbale MQ/40/5/1/3345 internal waters (historic bay claim). HISTORIC CLAIMS Claimed closing line measuring approx. 300nm along 32 30' N lat. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1974, 1979 and 1985 and conducted operational assertions in 1981-1983 (overflights), 1984, 1986, 1997, 1998, and 2000. Restricts airspace within 100nm radius of Tripoli. The U.S. protested this in 1973 and conducted operational assertions in 1989, 1992, 1995-1998 (FIR ops). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 1924 Genoa Notice to Mariners 20nm 40/74 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 82 ICJ Judgment Libya-Tunisia boundary determined; implementing agreement required (see below agreement). Jun 85 ICJ Judgment Libya-Malta boundary determined, implementing agreement required (see below agreement). Continental shelf boundary agreement implementing Malta ICJ boundary decision, EIF.

Dec 87

Agreement

Continental shelf boundary agreement implementing Tunisia ICJ boundary decision, EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 84 Signed Convention; never ratified. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS LIBYA - MALTA The following is extracted from the Continental Shelf Boundary Agreement between Libya and Malta which Implemented Article III of the Special Agreement and the Judgment of the International Court of Justice (EIF December 1987).

Apr 89

Agreement

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Article 1 The delimitation of the area of continental shelf appertaining to [Libya] and the Republic of Malta respectively within the meridians 13 50' E and 15 10' E shall be arcs of great circles between the following points in the sequence given below: TABLE C1.T154. LIBYA - MALTA CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 LATITUDE NORTH 34 40' 46" 34 40' 10" 34 39' 16" 34 37' 11" 34 37' 02" 34 35' 20" 34 34' 07" 34 33' 07" 34 32' 18" 34 31' 20" 34 29' 53" LIBYA - TUNISIA The following is extracted from the Continental Shelf Boundary Agreement between Libya and Tunisia which Implemented the Judgment of the International Court of Justice (EIF April 1989). Article 1 The continental shelf delimitation line between the two countries consists of two sectors as follows: A. The First Sector. Starts from the point where the outer limit of the territorial sea of the two countries is intersected by a straight line drawn from the land frontier point of Ras Ajdir, through the point 33 55' North and 12 East seaward, forming a bearing of approximately 26 east, thus on the same bearing, to the point of its intersection with the parallel of latitude 34 10' 30". B. The Second Sector. At the point determined by the parallel latitude mentioned above (34 10' 30") the line of delimitation is to veer towards the northeast, with a bearing of 52 and extends northeastwards till it meets a line of delimitation with third States. LONGITUDE EAST 13 50' 00" 13 52' 31" 13 56' 09" 14 04' 15" 14 05' 14" 14 15' 37" 14 23' 54" 14 31' 29" 14 37' 24" 14 49' 07" 15 10' 00"

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LITHUANIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jun 92 Act on the State Boundary 12nm Prior permission required for innocent passage of warships, on a reciprocal basis (i.e., prior permission required only for those states having such a requirement themselves. Thus, this does not affect the U.S.) The U.S. does not recognize prior authorization requirements. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 92 Act on the State Boundary Establishes straight baseline connecting STRAIGHT BASELINES, & the two outermost points of the coast. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Oct 97 Agreement Maritime boundary (EEZ and continental shelf) agreement with Russia in the Baltic Sea signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Nov 2003 Acceded to Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES LITHUANIA - RUSSIAN FEDERATION The following is extracted from the October 1997 Treaty between Lithuania and the Russian Federation on the Delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf in the Baltic Sea. Article 1 The line of delimitation of the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf between the Republic of Lithuania and the Russian Federation starts from the junction point of the outer limit of the territorial sea of the Parties and continues to the junction point of the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of a third party by means of straight lines that join points whose sequence and geographic coordinates are indicated in article 2 of the present Treaty. The geographical coordinates of the points of the above-mentioned line are calculated in the World Geodetic System of coordinates of 1984 (WGS 84) applied on Lithuanian maritime chart No. 82001, published in 1996, and in the system of coordinates of 1942, applied on the Russian maritime chart No. 22055, published in 1997.... Article 2 The geographical coordinates of the points mentioned in article 1 of the present Treaty are the following:

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TABLE C1.T155. LITHUANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION EEZ/CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES POINT LATITUDE LONGITUDE

In the system of coordinates WGS 84, the points: 1 2 3 55 23,040 N 55 38,175 N 55 55,420 N 20 39,227 E 19 55,466 E 19 02,805 E

In the system of coordinates 1942, the points: 1 2 3 55 23,053 N 55 38,189 N 55 55,435 N 20 39,243 E 19 55,583 E 19 02,923 E

If a discrepancy occurs between the line determined according to the geographic coordinates established in the present article and the line depicted on the charts, appended to the present Treaty, the Parties will be guided by the above-mentioned geographic coordinates.

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MADAGASCAR
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 2000 Ordinance No. 99-028 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Feb 63 Decree No. 63-131 Established straight baselines. See LIS STRAIGHT BASELINES, & No. 15. HISTORIC CLAIMS Feb 2000 Ordinance No. 99-028 Authorized revisions to baselines (none yet made). See UN Law of the Sea Bulletin No. 51 (chart of existing 1963 straight baselines also found there). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Feb 2000 Ordinance No. 99-028 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Feb 85 Ordinance No. 85-013 200nm (Feb 2000 Ordinance No. 99-028 does not mention continental shelf.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Feb 2000 Ordinance No. 99-028 200nm Where less than 200nm, to a boundary to be established by agreement with neighboring states. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Feb 83 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are extracts from Decree No. 63-131 of February 1963 establishing Madagascar's straight baseline system. Article 1 The external limit of the territorial sea is constituted by a line whose every point is situated at a distance of 12 nautical miles from the nearest point of the baseline, which is defined in the following article. Article 2 The baseline, from which the territorial sea is measured, is the irregular polygon traced on the annexed map...and whose apexes are formed by the following points: TABLE C1.T156. MADAGASCAR STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM MADAGASCAR STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1. LOCATION Cap d'Ambre COORDINATES 1156' 4915' 2. Nosy Anambo 1216' 4839' 3. Nosy-Lava 1245' 4840' 4. Nosy Iranja 1335' South East S. E. S. E. S. Aug 2001

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MADAGASCAR STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT LOCATION COORDINATES 4750' 5. Nosy-Lava 1432' 4735' 6. Pointe Maromanjo 1531' 4628' 7. Cap Sainte-Andre 1612' 4427' 8. I. Chesterfield 1620' 4358' 9. Nosy Vao 1730' 4346' 10. Nosy Mavony 1819' 4345' 11. Nosy Androtra 1830' 4348' 12. Cap Kimby 1852' 4415' 13. Delta de la Manombrio 1903' 4413' 14. Ilot Indien 1948' 4422' 15. Cap Ankarana 2029' 4407' 16. Nosy Andriangory 2050' 4345' 17. Nosy Lava 2145' 4316' 18. Nosy Hao 2205' 4311' 19. Les Couns de Mire 2226' 4315' 20. Pointe Rendrehana 2249' 4321' E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E.

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MADAGASCAR STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 21. LOCATION Tulear COORDINATES 2322' 4338' 22. Falaises de Lanivato 23. Cap Andriamanao 2420' 4340' 2500' 4402' 24. Nosy Manitra 2514' 4413' 25. Cap Sainte-Marie 2535' 4508' 26. Faux Cap 2535' 4531' 27. Baie de Ranofotsy 2511' 4643' 28. Pointe Itaperina 2500' 4706' 29. Sainte-Luce 2446' 4713' 30. Foulpointe 1741' 4932' 31. Pointe Albrand 1642' 5002' 32. Cap Bellone 1613' 4952' 33. Nosy Nepato 1600' 5014' 34. Cap Tanjondaingo 1548' 5020' 35. Nosy Voara 1528' 5027' 36. Nosy Ngotsy 1516' 5028' 37. Pointe de Vohemar (Harambazaha) 1321' 5001' S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E. S. E.

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MADAGASCAR STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 38. LOCATION Nosy Akao COORDINATES 1248' 4951' S. E.

Article 3 The baseline between consecutive points is the straight line which connects them with the exception of points 29 (Sainte-Luce) and 30 (Foulpointe) where the baseline coincides with the low-water line of the coast. U.S. ANALYSIS Following is the text of explanatory comments regarding Madagascar's straight baseline system that appeared in Limits in the Seas, No. 15, "Straight Baselines: Madagascar" of 16 March 1970. The decree creates a continuous straight baseline (SBL) from point 30 counter-clockwise to point 29. The low-water mark of the intervening coast, between Points 29 and 30, which measures approximately 452 nautical miles, forms the normal baseline. The individual segments of the straight baseline are as follows: TABLE C1.T157. MADAGASCAR STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS POINT DISTANCE (NM) 40.0 COMMENTS

1-2

The line joins the northern-most point of the island of Madagascar with an offshore island 10.5 nautical miles from mainland; deviates approximately 12 from general trend of coast which is embayed and fringed with many reefs as well as islets and rocks. Two offshore islands are joined. The SBL cuts the general trend of the coast at an angle of approximately 32. Same. Angle to the general trend of the coast is 10. Same. Coastline is indented and fringed with approximately 16 islands and islets as well as with large patches of reef. Identical with general trend of coast. Joins offshore island to mainland; encloses two deep legal bays; virtually no islands. SBL within 2 of general trend of coast. One of the longest single stretches of SBL in world; identical with general trend of coast. Encloses four bays and a coastal indentation of considerable area. SBL with 1 mile of two capes and 2 miles of another. Joins mainland with island 30 miles offshore while continuing the general trend of the past section of coast, i.e. formed by SBL Sector 6-7. Mainland is quite smooth with virtually no islands. Joins two distant offshore islands; SBL within 10 of general trend of coast but at an average distance of more than 20 nautical miles. Joins two offshore islands (c. 11 19 n.m.) along a relatively smooth coast. Three islets, one seaward of SBL, and a half dozen patches of reef. Within 13 of general trend of coast. Joins two offshore islets; relates to coast at an angle of 11. Joins islet to mainland, which since point 7 has been relatively smooth and without many islands. Encloses about 35% of the shallow Banc de Pracel, less than 25 fathoms. SBL varies from general trend of coast by c. 37. Joins two mainland capes; angle identical over short distance but 20 from general trend. Joins two mainland capes; identical with general trend of coast, between points 9 and 14.

2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7

29.0 70.8 58.0 86.0 123.1

7 8 8-9 9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12

30.0 70.9 49.9 11.0 34.0

12 - 13 13 - 14

10.7 46.2

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POINT DISTANCE (NM) 44.1 23.4 60.1 COMMENTS

14 - 15 15 - 16 16 - 17

Joins two mainland capes; SBL at angle of 14 to general trend of the coast. Same in angularity but joins mainland with offshore island (c. 8 n.m.). Few islands and generally smooth coast. Joins two offshore islands. SBL within 4 of general trend of the coast. Ten isolated patches of reef; one continuous at southern point. Coastline smooth except for island development in delta of Mangoky River. See Summary below. SBL begins to "bend" to conform with change in general direction of coast. Joins two offshore islands. Coast lined with reefs. Three islets seaward of SBL. Same as above. See Summary below. See Summary below. See Summary below. Smooth coastline; angularity virtually zero. See Summary below. Joins headland to small offshore island. Angular deviation approximately 4. Very smooth coastline without islands. Joins island to southern cape of Madagascar. Angle and general trend virtually identical. Headland to headland enclosing shallow indentation. No islands. Angular deviation zero. Smooth coast; no islands. Encloses wide but shallow indentation by joining headlands. See Summary below. See Summary below. Joins mainland capes. Deviation of angularity zero. Encloses several small bays and indentations. Termination of straight baselines. Low water mark of mainland forms baseline for approximately 452 nautical miles. See Summary below. Encloses water of bay but greater than 24 nautical miles. Virtually identical with coastline. Same, but see Summary below. See below. Second longest SBL. Very smooth coast with only minor indentations. See Summary below. Joins mainland with offshore island. Angular deviation less than 5. See Summary below. Rejoins island with mainland, the north cape of Madagascar. The union is not obvious from the text of the law, but is shown on the annexed map of the decree. See Summary below. Nautical miles of straight baseline Nautical miles of coast line Total baseline

17 - 18 18 - 19 19 - 20 20 - 21 21 - 22 22 - 23 23 - 24 24 - 25 25 - 26 26 - 27 27 - 28 28 - 29

21.5 21.3 24.0 35.1 58.9 46.1 16.4 51.8 20.8 68.0 28.5 14.0

30 - 31 32 - 33 33 - 34 34 - 35 35 - 36 36 - 37 37 - 38 38 - 1 Total length

66.2 25.9 10.8 22.5 13.0 117.7 35.7 62.9 1,577.3 452.0 2,029.3

Summary The turning points of the Madagascar straight baselines were most probably obtained from a small-scale map of the country [The accuracy of these maps is not verifiable.]. The map illustrating the baselines, for example, is 1:2,000,000. Consequently, when the data are transposed to large scale, and presumably more accurate maps, two types of problems become apparent. The first involves the

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location of the cited feature in relation to the given geographic coordinates. These in approximately four cases do not match. The second problem is more difficult to rationalize. Straight lines joining certain specified points intersect the mainland. The following straight baselines cross significant portions of the land territory--according to large-scale nautical charts published by the U.S. Oceanographic Office: TABLE C1.T158. MADAGASCAR STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: SIGNIFICANT PORTIONS POINT 16 - 17 18 - 20 21 - 22 27 30 - 31 34 - 35 35 35 -36 36 - 37 COMMENTS The tip of a cape at 2121.2' South and 4329.0' East is cut by the line. An extensive area centered on Cap Tsimilahovala (c. 15 n.m.) is cut as is a smaller area about Tsifota. Two capes near Anakao are cut. Point 21 plots in the open sea. Roches de Lanivato (not Falaises de . . .) plot 12.5 miles to the southeast. Point plots 4.5 nautical miles from named feature. The line of a large-scale chart (HO 3829) cuts through the island of Ste Marie. A small cape--Cap Tanjona--is cut. The point plots four nautical miles from the mapped feature. If the point is accepted, the SBL "skims" the coast. If the plotted feature, the line intersects the coast for a considerable distance. The coast is intersected for a distance of nearly 14 miles between 1341' and 1354' south.

The thirty-seven straight baseline segments total 1,577.3 nautical miles in length. The average measures 42.7 nautical miles; the shortest, 10.7 nautical miles; and the longest, 123.1 nautical miles. Two segments measure more than 100 miles in length. The northwestern coast and parts of the northeast coast of Madagascar could meet the definition of "deeply indented or cut into" or "fringed with islands." Elsewhere the coast line is relatively smooth although large areas of reef are situated close-in, or are attached to, the coast. The reef is particularly widespread along the western coast.

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MALAYSIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 69 Ordinance No. 7 12nm Oct 96 Declaration upon Ratification of 1982 LOS Convention Prior authorization requirement for nuclear powered ships or ships carrying nuclear material to enter the territorial sea.

U.S. does not recognize this requirement and protested in 1997. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 69 Ordinance No. 7 Enabling legislation for straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Sep 58 Orders in Council No. Territorial sea and continental shelf 1517 & No. 1518 boundaries established by the British between North Borneo (No. 1517) and Sarawak (No. 1518) and Brunei. May 66 Continental Shelf Act, No. 57 as amended by Act No.8 (1972) 1958 DEF Seabed and subsoil of submarine areas beyond the limits of the territorial waters of States, the surface of which lies at a depth no greater than two hundred meters below the surface of the sea.

Incorporates 1966 Continental Shelf Act by reference. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ 1984 Act No. 311 200nm EEZ. Oct 96 Declaration upon ratification of LOS Convention Prior authorization requirement to conduct military exercises or maneuvers in the EEZ.

1984

Act No. 311

This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1998 and conducted operational assertions in 1998-2003. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Feb 75 Agreement Joint Council established with Indonesia REGULATION and Singapore on Navigation Safety and Pollution in Straits of Malacca; traffic separation schemes adopted. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Aug 28 Agreement Boundary agreement with Singapore EIF. Nov 69 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Indonesia EIF. Territorial sea boundary agreement with Indonesia (Straits of Malacca) EIF. See LIS No. 50. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Thailand (Andaman Sea) and Indonesia EIF. See LIS No. 81.

Mar 71

Agreement

Jul 73

Agreement

373

Ratified Convention, with Declarations (noted above). Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS MALAYSIA-INDONESIA The agreement and the comments following it are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 50, "Indonesia-Malaysia Territorial Sea Boundary." The Republic of Indonesia and the Government of Malaysia signed an agreement on March 17, 1970, delimiting the territorial sea boundary between the two states in the Strait of Malacca. The treaty came into force on March 10, 1971. Article 1 (1) Without curtailment of provision in Section (2) of this Article, boundary lines of territorial waters of Indonesia and Malaysia at the Strait of Malacca in areas as stated in the preamble of this Treaty shall be the line at the center drawn from base lines of the respective parties in said areas. (2) (a) Except that which is stated in sub b, Section (2) of this Article, co-ordinates of points of said boundary lines shall be as follows: TABLE C1.T159. MALAYSIA - INDONESIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (b) Point 6 shall not apply to Malaysia. (3).Co-ordinates of points stipulated in Section (2) shall be geographical co-ordinates and boundary lines which connect them as shown on the map attached to this Treaty as Attachment A. (4) Actual sites of points stated above shall be determined through means jointly approved by authorized officials of both parties. LONGITUDE EAST 101 00.2E 101 12.1E 101 46.5E 102 13.4E 102 35.0E 103 02.1E 103 03.9E 103 22.8E LATITUDE NORTH 02 51.6N 02 41.5N 02 15.4N 01 55.2N 01 41.2N 01 19.1N 01 19.5N 01 15.0N

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(5) What are referred to by authorized officials stated in Section (4) shall be for Indonesia the Director of Naval Hydrography of the Republic of Indonesia, including every person so authorized, and for Malaysia, Director of Mapping of the State of Malaysia including ever person so authorized. U.S. ANALYSIS For the analysis of the territorial sea boundary (TSB), the following chart was utilized: U.S. Naval Oceanographic Chart N.O. 71000, 15 Edition, June 1940, revised October 27, 1969.
th

NOTE: There are two cartographic errors on the chart. (1) Points 4 (red), and 7 (blue) are actually located two nautical miles southwest of the point shown on the chart. (2) During the reproduction process, slight slippage of the red line occurred but did not greatly displace the boundary points. Both Indonesia and Malaysia claim a 12-nautical-mile territorial sea. The TSB establishes a boundary in a narrow section of the Strait of Malacca extending from 02516N., 101002E,; to 01150N., 103228E. The respective TSBs claimed by each state differ in length because of the small area of high seas that remains in the Strait. [The territorial sea boundary between Indonesia and Malaysia is separated by high seas, i.e., the triangular area 5-6-7. The Malaysian TSB extends directly from Point 5 to 7 (the blue continental shelf boundary line which is coextensive with the territorial sea boundary). The Indonesian TSB is delimited by Points 5-6-7, and is therefore longer than the Malaysian TSB.] The Indonesian TSB is 174 and the Malaysian TSB 173 nautical miles in length. TABLE C1.T160. MALAYSIA - INDONESIA BOUNDARY POINTS: U.S. ANALYSIS Turning Points Territorial 1 Turning Points Continental Distance to Baseline (nm) 11.5 15.0 2 5 10.5 43.5 3 6 10.0 33.0 4 7 10.5 25.0 5 8 12.0 36.5* 6** 12.0 3.5* 7 9 11.5 17.5 8 10 4.0 Distance Between Points (nm)

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Malaysia employed some system of straight baselines from which to measure the extent of its claimed territorial sea. The system was also used by Malaysia to acquire an equitable share of the continental shelf of the Strait of Malacca. The TSB coincides with the continental shelf boundary set in 1969 except in the vicinity of the triangular region 5-6-7. All turning points on the TSB coincide with points on the continental shelf boundary except for Points 1 and 6. Point 1 lies on the shelf boundary but not on a shelf boundary point. Point 6 relates only to the Indonesian TSB. MALAYSIA - INDONESIA - THAILAND The following is an analysis concerning an agreement between Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand for a partial delimitation of their common maritime boundary, signed on 17 December 1971, and entered into force on 16 July 1973, as set forth in Limits in the Seas, No. 81, Maritime Boundaries: Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand of 27 December 1978. The Common Point of the three maritime boundaries, situated at 5 57.0N. and 98 01.5E., has not been determined on the basis of equidistance because it is situated, in relation to the respective baselines, as follows: Indonesian Basepoint: Cape Jambu Ayer, 52.0nm Malaysian Basepoint: P. Langkawi, 98.9nm Thailand Basepoint: Ko Butang, 76.1nm (a) Malaysia-Thailand Maritime Boundary. The agreement describes the boundary in the Straits of Malacca, but does not relate to a maritime limit between the states in the Gulf of Thailand. The distance between the turning points are as follows: TABLE C1.T161. MALAYSIA - THAILAND MARITIME BOUNDARY: DISTANCE BETWEEN TURNING POINTS TURNING POINTS CP 5 57.0N 98 01.5E No.1 No. 1 06 18.0N 99 06.7E No. 2 06 16.3N 99 19.3E No. 2 No. 3 06 18.4N Total 89.32 8.43 12.66 DISTANCE (NM) 68.23

CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T161. POINT CP THAI BASEPOINT Ko Butang 06 31.9N 99 09.5E 1 Observatory I. 06 29.7N 99 10.9E 12.37 DISTANCE (NM) 76.11 MALAYSIAN BASEPOINT Langkawi I. 06 23.3N 99 37.2E Langkawi I. 06 23.3N 99 37.2E 30.82 DISTANCE (NM) 98.88

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POINT THAI BASEPOINT DISTANCE (NM) MALAYSIAN BASEPOINT DISTANCE (NM)

Nipis I. 06 28.8N 99 18.6E

12.46

Langkawi I. 06 23.3N 99 37.2E

19.14

Pin I. 06 29.0N 99 22.0E

10.82

Langkawi I. 06 23.3N 99 37.2E

11.89

The negotiated maritime boundary lies, at all four points, closer to the Thai baseline than to the Malaysian. The Thai islands, all in the Butang Group, are all smaller than the Malaysian island, P. Langkawi. No consistent ratio of distance between turning points and the nearest points on the respective baselines could be determined. Consequently, it is assumed that the boundary was negotiated on the basis of equitable principles. MALAYSIA - THAILAND Article 1 1. The boundary of the Thai and the Malaysian territorial seas in that part of the Straits of Malacca between the islands known as the Butang Group and Pulau Langkawi where overlapping occurs shall be formed by the straight lines drawn from the point situated in midchannel between Bulau Terutau and Pulau Langkawi referred to in the Boundary Protocol annexed to the Treaty dated March 10, 1909, respecting the boundaries of the Kingdom of Thailand and Malaysia, whose coordinates are hereby agreed to be Latitude 6 28.5 N, Longitude 99 39.2 E, in a northwesterly direction to a point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 30.2 N, Longitude 99 33.4 E and from there in a southwesterly direction to a point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 28.9 N, Longitude 99 30.7 E and from there in a southwesterly direction again to the point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 18.4 N, Longitude 99 27.5E. 2. The outer limit of the territorial seas of the islands known as the Butang Group to the south of the said islands shall be formed by the boundary lines joining the points whose coordinates are Latitude 6 18.4 N, Longitude 99 27.5 E referred to in paragraph (1) above and from there to the point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 16.3 N, Longitude 99 19.3 E and from there to the point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 18.0 N, and Longitude 99 06.7 E. 3. The coordinates of the points specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) are geographical coordinates derived from the British Admiralty Charts No. 793 and No. 830.... Article 2 1. The boundary of the Thai and the Malaysian territorial seas in the Gulf of Thailand shall be formed by the straight line drawn from a point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 14.5 N, Longitude 102 05.6 E, to a point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 27.5 N, Longitude 102 10.0 E. 2. The coordinates of the points specificed in paragraph (1) are geographical coordinates derived from the British Admiralty Chart No. 3961.

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MALDIVES
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jun 96 Maldives Act 6/96 12nm Foreign warships, nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or noxious substances must have prior permission to enter the territorial sea of the Maldives. Claims archipelagic waters as internal waters. These requirements and claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested in 2000 and conducted operational assertion of prior permission requirement in 1998, 2001 and 2002. (Maldives has historically required such notice since 1976. U.S. protested originally in 1982 and conducted assertions in 1981-85 (overflights), and 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992-1994.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 96 Maldives Act 6/96 Established archipelagic straight STRAIGHT BASELINES, & baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS Vessels transiting through the archipelagic waters should take passage only through routes historically used for international navigation: Equatorial Channel, 11/2 Degree Channel, and Kaashidhoo Channel. Requires prior permission for overflight of archipelagic waters by foreign military aircraft. These claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested excessive straight baselines, attempt to limit archipelagic sea lanes passage to undesignated sea lanes, and restrictions on overflight in 2000 and 2002. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jun 96 Maldives Act 6/96 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 96 Maldives Act 6/96 200nm Repealed prior Law No. 32/76. Requires all foreign vessels to obtain prior permission prior to entry into EEZ. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 2000. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jul 76 Agreement Tripoint agreement with India and Sri Lanka EIF. Maritime boundary agreement with India (Arabian Sea) EIF. See LIS No. 78. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jun 78 Agreement

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MALDIVES ARCHIPELAGIC STRAIGHT BASELINES POINT B24 B25 B26 B27 B28 B29 B30 B31 B32 B33 B34 B35 B36 B37 LATITUDE NORTH 00 39' 18" S 00 35' 33" S 00 23' 55" N 00 29' 21" N 00 32' 22" N 02 25' 09" N 02 47' 50" N 03 37' 38" N 03 47' 09" N 03 52' 15" N 04 01' 50" N 04 05' 13" N 04 13' 46" N 06 14' 12" N LONGITUDE EAST 73 06' 23" E 73 04' 33" E 73 00' 08" E 72 59' 09" E 72 59' 38" E 72 53' 05" E 72 49' 14" E 72 41' 49" E 72 41' 49" E 72 42' 03" E 72 42' 11" E 72 42' 36" E 72 44' 14" E 72 33' 19" E

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MALTA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 71 Territorial Waters & 12nm Enabling legislation to regulate passage of Contiguous Zone Act, ships through territorial sea. In particular, foreign warships or nuclear-powered No. XXXII, of 1971, as vessels may be required to obtain prior amended by Acts XLVI of permission 1975, XXIV of 1978, XXVII of 1981, and I of This requirement is not recognized by the 2002. U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1981 and 1984 and conducted operational assertions in 1997-1999 and 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Dec 71 Territorial Waters & Appears to authorize straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Contiguous Zone Act of HISTORIC CLAIMS 1971, as amended by Acts XLVI of 1975, XXIV of 1978, XXVII of 1981, and I of 2002. Jun 85 ICJ Decision, Libya v. Malta Malta submitted chart of its baselines to the ICJ in this case.

Baselines as drawn are excessive and are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested in 1981 and 1984. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Dec 71 Territorial Waters & 24nm Contiguous Zone Act of 1971, as amended by Acts XLVI of 1975, XXIV of 1978, XXVII of 1981, and I of 2002. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jul 66 Continental Shelf Act, 1958 Became party to 1958 Convention on the No. XXXV DEF Continental Shelf. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 78 Act No. XXIV of 1978 25nm Extended fishing limits. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 87 Agreement Boundary agreement with Libya EIF (implemented ICJ decision). Apr 89 ICJ Judgment Continental shelf with Tunisia determined. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. May 93 Ratified Convention, with Declaration reiterating right to legislate prior notification of warships and ships carrying nuclear or noxious materials in innocent passage. Signed Part XI Agreement.

Jul 94

Jun 96 Ratified Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION No legislation has been filed with the United Nations, however, a chart of the baselines was included in Malta's memorial submitted to the International Court of Justice in the Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Malta) case. This chart shows straight baselines entirely enclosing the islands, most significantly a straight baseline runs from the western-most point of the island of Malta across to the westernmost point of the island of Gozo; another straight baseline connects the eastern coasts of the two islands. Baselines also run from the western-most point of the island of Malta, out to the island of Filfla, and then on to the southern-most point of the island of Malta. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS MALTA - LIBYA The following is extracted from the Continental Shelf Boundary Agreement between Malta and Libya which Implemented Article III of the Special Agreement and the Judgment of the International Court of Justice (EIF December 1987). Article 1 The delimitation of the area of continental shelf appertaining to [Libya] and the Republic of Malta respectively within the meridians 13 50' E and 15 10' E shall be arcs of great circles between the following points in the sequence given below: TABLE C1.T163. MALTA - LIBYA CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 LATITUDE NORTH 34 40' 46" 34 40' 10" 34 39' 16" 34 37' 11" 34 37' 02" 34 35' 20" 34 34' 07" 34 33' 07" 34 32' 18" 34 31' 20" 34 29' 53" LONGITUDE EAST 13 50' 00" 13 52' 31" 13 56' 09" 14 04' 15" 14 05' 14" 14 15' 37" 14 23' 54" 14 31' 29" 14 37' 24" 14 49' 07" 15 10' 00"

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MARSHALL ISLANDS, REPUBLIC OF

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MAURITANIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 88 Ordinance 88-120 12nm Rolled back prior excessive claim of 70nm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 88 Ordinance 88-120 Reiterated 1967 straight baseline claim STRAIGHT BASELINES, & (Law 67-023) from Cap Blanc to Cap HISTORIC CLAIMS Timris. (See LIS No. 8.) Low water mark elsewhere. This straight baseline claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S.protested in 1989 and conducted operational assertions from 1981 to 1992 (overflights). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 88 Ordinance 88-120 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 88 Ordinance 88-120 CM/ 200nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 88 Ordinance 88-120 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Nov 76 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Morocco EIF. Boundary agreement with Cape Verde signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Aug 94 Jul 96 Signed Part XI Agreement. Sep 2003 Agreement

Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is an extract from Ordinance 88-120 of 31 August 1988 delineating the straight baseline for Mauritania. (The 1988 law reiterates the baseline first announced in 1967.) Article 1 The territorial sea of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania extends to a breadth of 12 nautical miles measured from the following baselines: (a) A straight baseline drawn between Cap Blanc and Cap Timiris; and (b) The low-water line everywhere else. The waters located on the landward side of the baseline form part of the internal waters of the state. U.S. ANALYSIS The following analysis is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 8, "Straight Baselines: Mauritania" of 18 February 1970. The straight baseline measures approximately 89 nautical miles in length and it includes with Mauritanian internal waters approximately 60 percent of the very shallow Banc d'Arguin. The depth of the water along the straight baseline appears everywhere to be less than 10 fathoms. The enclosed waters, while forming a major indentation of the Mauritanian coast, do not satisfy the semicircular requirements of a bay. The greatest indentation of the coast, measured perpendicular to the straight baseline, is approximately 34.2 nautical miles,

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The straight baseline extends over approximately 30 percent of the Mauritanian coast. The low water line forms the baseline for the remaining portions of the coast. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT MAURITANIA - MOROCCO The following is extracted from the Convention concerning the State Frontier Line established between Mauritania and Morocco (signed 14 April 1976; EIF November 1976). Section 1 The Parties hereto agree that the official boundary established between the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and the Kingdom of Morocco is determined by an imaginary straight line drawn from the point of intersection of the Atlantic coast and the 24th parallel north to the point of intersection of the 23d parallel north and the 13th meridian west; the intersection of this baseline with the present boundary of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania constituting the southwestern limit of the boundary of the Kingdom of Morocco. From this point the boundary follows in a northerly direction the present boundary follows in a northerly direction the present boundary of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania to a point constituted by the coordinates [on a map attached to the agreement]. Section 2 The official boundary between the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and the Kingdom of Morocco, as determined in Section 1 of this agreement, effectively bounds the surface, air space and subsurface area of the parties hereto. The boundary with regard to the continental shelf is constituted by the 24th parallel north.

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MAURITIUS
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 77 Maritime Zones Act No. 12nm Foreign warships must give notification 13 & Proclamation No. 7 before transiting territorial sea. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1982. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Apr 70 Territorial Seas Act Established vague straight baseline STRAIGHT BASELINES, & system, no coordinates. See LIS No. 41. HISTORIC CLAIMS Aug 77 Maritime Zones Act No. Incorporated straight baseline system by 13 & Proclamation No. 7 reference. Enabling legislation authorizing designation of historic waters. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 77 Maritime Zones Act No. CM/ Claimed "full and exclusive sovereign 13 & Proclamation No. 7 200nm rights in respect of" continental shelf. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 77 Maritime Zones Act No. 200nm EEZ 13 & Proclamation No. 7 Dec 84 Govt Notice No. 199 (Maritime Zones regulations EEZ) Geographic coordinates limiting the EEZ; appeared to require warships and submarines to obtain permission before transiting EEZ.

This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Aug 77 Maritime Zones Act No. 200nm Exclusive jurisdiction to prevent and REGULATION 13 & Proclamation No. 7 control pollution claimed within EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 80 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with France (Reunion) EIF. See LIS No. 95. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following excerpts from the Territorial Sea Act, 1970, Act No. 4 of 1970, and the explanatory notes afterwards are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 41, "Straight Baselines: Mauritius" of 7 March 1972. 5. The baseline shall be the line of low water mark along the coast: Provided that:-(a) (i) where the coast is so indented as to form a bay which does not exceed twenty-four nautical miles in breadth; or (ii) where the coast is deeply indented and cut into, the baseline shall be a straight line joining the furthest points seaward in the line of low water mark at the natural entrance points of the bay or of the indentation, as the case may be; (b) where islands are so situated in relation to one another as to form an archipelago, the baseline shall be straight lines joining points in the line of low water mark of the outermost islands and those points shall be so chosen as to enclose, when joined together by straight lines, the maximum area of sea; Nov 94

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(c) where a low tide elevation or an island is, either in whole or in part, within twelve miles of the line of low water mark along the coast or of the baseline as described in paragraph (a) or (b) of this proviso, the baseline shall be straight lines joining points in the line of low water mark of the coast and of the island or of the low tide elevation, as the case may be, and those points shall be so chosen as to enclose, when joined together by straight lines, the maximum area of sea. U.S. ANALYSIS The state of Mauritius comprises the following territories: a) the principal island of Mauritius and its adjacent islets; b) Rodrigues Island, a coralline near-atoll situated approximately 300 nautical miles eastward from Mauritius; c) The Cargados Carajos Shoals, a true atoll situated approximately 200 nautical miles north-northeast of Mauritius; and d) the Agalega Islands, two narrow, linearly-aligned islands situated nearly 650 nautical miles north of Mauritius. The Territorial Seas Act, 1970, extended the Mauritian territorial sea to 12 nautical miles and permitted the establishment of straight baselines. Sections 5 (a) and (b) of the Act provide the specific language for the drawing of a straight-baseline system. However, two problems exist as to the Act's language: 1) it is not specific enough to draw single sets of baselines, and 2) there is no reference to atolls, and several of the island groups of Mauritius are atolls. The reefs, which normally form an important part of any atoll, are naturally "dry" during certain tidal conditions. These drying points, which unfortunately are never charted with great accuracy since the entire reef constitutes a hazard to normal navigation, can serve as low-tide elevations for the measurement of the sea. Under Section 5 (b) these points may also be basepoints for the straight-baseline system, although under the Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone, however, they may not be utilized unless a permanent structure, such as a lighthouse, has been constructed on them. (Mauritius is a party to the Convention.) The isolation, small size, and the nature of the islands of the state of Mauritius preclude their treatment as an oceanic "archipelago." As a result, the system of straight baselines must apply to the individual groups as defined. The main Mauritian group could use a straight-baseline system which would connect Mauritius with the adjacent islands of the Flat and Round, situated less than 12 nautical miles distance to the north based on normal state practices. The effect of such a system would be to increase the internal waters of the state slightly but it would not appreciably affect the extent of territorial waters. The Rodrigues group is difficult to assess. The main island is oval in shape; its principal axis extends east-west and measures approximately 10 nautical miles. The transverse axis is roughly 5 miles. An extensive, circular coral reef (c. 14 nautical miles in diameter) surrounds the main island which is situated to the northeast of the reef center. The shelf is dotted with thirteen small islands. As with most reefs, the Rodrigues reef will dry in patches during the low-water spring tides. However, if the seaward edge of the reef is used for the baseline of the territorial sea, straight baselines joining the islets and Rodrigues would have no effect on the extent of the territorial waters. The Cargados Carajos Shoals constitute the most complicated insular formation of Mauritius. The main shoal is a bow-shaped coral reef which is aligned north-south. The arc of the bow faces eastward. Inside of the reef a linear arrangement of islets (motus) exists in the south, elsewhere they are scattered randomly. In total, nearly 40 islands are situated on the reef. In addition, two detached islands, North and Albatros, lie north of the reef while three, Siren, Pearl, and Frigate are to the west of it. By the definitions used in the Act, straight baselines could be drawn among the islands and motus or by connecting drying points on the reef. These drying points, as stated, are never charted specifically. However, using the high-tide locations, straight baselines could be constructed to connect the Coco group in the south with Frigate (perhaps via the Baleine Rocks) and then connected to Pearl. This generally northerly line could then extend north-eastward to Siren (via the Pearl Breakers?) and to an unnamed island at the northern extremity of the reef. Northward, the system could attach to Albatros. From here, the "finger" of internal waters could be included by a return segment to North Island, an unnamed island on the reef, Mapare, and thence along the linear motus of the main atoll to the Coco group again. All of these segments of straight baselines would measure less than 12 nautical miles in length. As with Rodrigues, however, the effect of such a system would not increase the territorial sea greatly if the reef would constitute the normal territorial sea baseline. The two Agalega Islands could be connected by two short segments which would have little effect on the territorial sea.

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The following is extracted from Government Notice No. 199, Maritime Zones Regulations EEZ, of December 1984. 2. The exclusive economic zones falling within the jurisdiction of Mauritius extend and have always extended from the base lines of the territory of Mauritius within the coordinates specified [below]. TABLE C1.T164. EEZ COORDINATES FOR THE ISLANDS OF MAURITIUS, ROFRIGUES, CARGADOS CARAJOS, AGALEGA AND TROMELIN EEZ COORDINATES: MAURITIUS, ROFRIGUES, CARGADOS CARAJOS, AGALEGA TROMELIN LATITUDE (SOUTH) 08 58 00 08 48 55 08 40 21 08 33 29 08 26 13 09 36 54 10 28 42 11 20 30 12 08 42 12 57 15 12 57 48 13 41 30 14 35 00 15 25 12 16 18 48 16 25 46 16 56 36 18 16 17 19 59 19 20 51 12 22 06 37 22 42 42 23 10 02 23 03 03 22 10 28 23 22 24 23 48 05 22 00 32 21 18 19 LONGITUDE (EAST) 54 28 04 55 56 00 57 15 09 58 20 19 59 23 13 59 57 30 60 04 44 59 59 06 59 38 00 58 58 00 60 11 12 61 48 36 62 38 43 62 57 54 63 09 44 64 18 36 65 30 12 66 41 43 67 02 02 66 50 27 66 00 00 65 12 44 32 20 40 62 24 41 60 47 34 59 26 36 58 14 23 57 14 40 56 50 09

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EEZ COORDINATES: MAURITIUS, ROFRIGUES, CARGADOS CARAJOS, AGALEGA TROMELIN LATITUDE (SOUTH) 20 35 55 20 04 57 19 00 49 18 17 11 18 28 59 18 41 00 17 48 38 17 22 22 16 01 16 15 17 06 14 01 33 13 31 25 12 43 06 12 17 52 11 44 15 10 36 15 09 38 16 LONGITUDE (EAST) 56 27 44 56 17 39 55 50 45 55 30 20 54 19 15 52 48 52 52 35 31 52 29 01 52 27 17 52 33 22 52 45 33 52 58 48 53 22 54 53 48 02 53 49 25 53 51 58 53 54 17

TABLE C1.T165. CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO EEZ COORDINATES EEZ COORDINATES: CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO LATITUDE (SOUTH) 01 37 01 37 02 04 02 58 04 03 05 15 06 28 07 45 08 53 09 54 10 39 10 53 10 34 LONGITUDE (EAST) 71 48 73 07 74 23 75 20 75 55 76 06 75 54 75 58 75 38 74 55 73 40 72 18 70 55

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EEZ COORDINATES: CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO LATITUDE (SOUTH) 09 52 08 43 07 26 06 20 05 08 03 55 02 37 01 52 MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT MAURITIUS - FRANCE The following is extracted from the Convention between Mauritius and France on the Delimitation of the EEZs between the Islands of Reunion and Mauritius (EIF April 1980). Article 2 The line [delimiting the economic zone between Reunion and Mauritius] is defined by points P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, and P7, the coordinates of which are given in Annex I [below]. ANNEX I TABLE C1.T166. MAURITIUS - FRANCE (REUNION) MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 LATITUDE SOUTH 18 17' 11" 19 00' 49" 20 04' 57" 20 35' 55" 21 18' 19" 22 00' 32" 23 48' 05" LONGITUDE EAST 55 30' 20" 55 50' 45" 56 17' 39" 56 27' 44" 56 50' 09" 57 14' 40" 58 14' 23" LONGITUDE (EAST) 69 52 69 04 68 46 68 15 68 08 68 24 69 13 70 21

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MEXICO
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 86 Federal Act relating to the 12nm Sea Oct 99 Rules for Maritime Coordination No more than three foreign warships will be authorized in Mexican ports on each coast at the same time, and no more than one in any given port. Port calls by more than one training vessel can be authorized only if permission is requested three months in advance. Nuclear-powered and nuclear-armed ships are not allowed to enter Mexican territorial waters or dock in Mexican Ports. The exclusion of innocent passage of nuclear-powered and nuclear-armed ships is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 68 Decree Established straight baselines in the Gulf STRAIGHT BASELINES, & of California. See LIS No. 4. HISTORIC CLAIMS Baselines considered excessive by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1969. Jan 86 Federal Act relating to the Sea Reiterates claim to northern part of Gulf of California as internal waters.

This claim is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jan 86 Federal Act relating to the 24nm Sea _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jan 86 Federal Act relating to the CM/ Sea 200nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 76 Amendment to Article 27 200nm of Constitution Federal Act relating to the 200nm Sea _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 72 Agreement Territorial sea boundary agreement with the U.S. EIF. Jul 76 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Cuba regarding EEZ EIF. See LIS No. 104. Maritime boundary agreement with U.S. regarding EEZ in Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico EIF. Jan 86

May 78

Agreement

Maritime boundary agreement with U.S. regarding continental shelf in Western Gulf of Mexico beyond 200nm; EIF Jan 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Jun 2000

Agreement

391

Apr 2003 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are extracts from the Decree of the Mexican Government of 29 August 1968 establishing a straight baseline system. Article I The Mexican Territorial Sea in the interior of the Gulf of California will be measured from the base line running: 1. Along the length of the west coast of the Gulf from the point called Punta Arena in the territory of Baja California following the low water line in a northwesterly direction to the point called Punta Arena de la Ventana from there in a straight base line to the point called Roca Montana in the southern extremity of Cerralvo Island; from there along the low water line of the eastern coast of that island to the northern extremity of it; from there in a straight base line to the Arrecife de las Focas; from there in a straight base line to the most easterly point of Espiritu Santo Island; from there following the eastern coast of that island to the northernmost point of it; in a straight base line to the southeasterly extremity of La Partida Island; from there following the east coast of that island to the group of small islands called "Los Islotes" located at the northernmost extremity of the same La Partida Island; from the northern extremity of the mentioned small islands in a straight base line to the southeastern extremity of San Jose Island; from there in a generally northern direction along the low water line of the eastern coast to the point where the coast of that island changes its direction toward the northwest; from that point in a straight base line to the island called Las Animas; from the northern extremity of that island in a straight base line to the [northeast] extremity of the Island Santa Cruz; from there in a straight base line to the southeastern extremity of Santa Catalina Island; from there following the low water line of the eastern shore of that island to the northern extremity of it; from there in a straight baseline to the place called Punta Lobos in the [northeast] extremity of Carmen Island; from there in a straight base line to the [northeastern] extremity of Coronados Island; from there in a straight base line to a point on the coast of the Peninsula of Baja California called Punta Mangles; from there along the low water line of the coast to another point on the coast called Punta Pulpipo; from there in a straight base line to the eastern extremity of San Ildefonso Island; from there in a straight base line to a point on the coast of the Peninsula of California called Punta Santa Teresa; there along the low water line of the coast of the peninsula to the point called Punta Concepcion; from there in a straight base line to the eastern extremity of Santa Ines Island; from there following the eastern coast of that island along the low water line of it to the northern extremity of it; from there in a straight base line to the eastern extremity of Tortuga Island; from there following the low water line of the northern coast of that island to the westernmost point of it; from there in a straight base line to a point on the Peninsula of Baja California called Punta Baja; from there following the low water line along the coast of the Peninsula to the point called Cabo San Miguel; from there in a straight base line to the southwestern extremity of the San Esteban Island. 2. Along the east coast of the Gulf of California from a point called Punta San Miguel in the State of Sinaloa following the low water line in a generally northwestern direction to another point on the same coast called Cabo Arco in the State of Sonora; from there in a straight base line to another point on the same coast called Puerto San Carlos; from there following the low water line of the coast to a point on the same coast called Punta Doble; from there in a straight base line to the southeastern extremity of the San Pedro Nolasco Island; from there following the low water line of the western coast of that island to the northern extremity of it; from there in a straight base line to a point on the coast called Punta Lesna; from there following the low water line of the eastern coast of the Gulf to a point on the coast of the State of Sonora called Punta Baja; from there in a straight base line to the southern extremity of the Turners Island; from there in a straight base line to the [northeastern] extremity of the San Esteban Island. TEMPORARY ARTICLES Article 1 This decree will enter into force on the day of its publication in the Diario Oficial of the Federation. Article 2 The straight base lines referred to in this Decree will be clearly indicated on the marine charts which will be given adequate publicity in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 6 of Article 4 of the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of April 29, 1958. In compliance with the provisions of Fraction 1, Article 89 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and for its publication and observance I promulgate this regulation in the seat of the Federal Executive Power in the City of Mexico on the 29th day of the month of August of 1968.

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U.S. ANALYSIS The following explanatory comments are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 4, "Straight Baselines: Mexico" of 24 January 1970. The decree creates, in effect, two systems of segmented straight baselines, one on the east coast of the Gulf and one on the west, which join at San Esteban Island approximately 175 nautical miles from the head of the Gulf. The effect of the law is to add approximately 30% of the Gulf of California to the internal waters of the State. The straight baselines, which alternate with stretches of mean low water shore line of the mainland and of islands, extend as follows: TABLE C1.T167. MEXICO STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINTS -- WEST COAST Punta Arena-Roca Montana N. Cape Cerralvo I. - las Focas las Focas - Punta Lobos(Espiritu Santo) North cape (Espiritu Santo) - SE cape (Partida) Los Isolotes (Partida) - San Jose I. San Jose - Las Animas Las Animas - I. Santa Cruz Santa Cruz - I. Santa Catalina Santa Catalina - I. Carmen I. Carmen - I. Coronados I. Coronados - Punta Mangles Punta Pulpito - I. San Idelfonso I. San Idelfonso - Punta Santa Teresa Punta Concepcion - Santa Ines I. Santa Ines - I. Tortuga I. Tortuga - Punta Baja Cabo San Miguel - I. San Esteban Cabo Arco - Puerto San Carlos Punta Doble - I. San Pedro Nolasco I. San Pedro Nolasco - Punta Lesna Punta Baja - I. Turners I. Turners - I. San Esteban LENGTH (NM) 39.4 3.9 18.0 1.0 19.5 6.0 15.7 17.6 26.5 11.5 10.9 6.6 6.8 10.9 23.5 27.5 30.3 7.3 14.0 13.4 34.9 12.2 Follows general trend of coast. Diverges from the coast at an angle of c. 60. Follows general trend of coast at a distance of c. 15 nautical miles. Same Same Convergent to coast. Rejoins mainland. Diverges from coast at an angle of c. 40. Rejoins mainland. Parallel to coast; closes off bay. Divergent to coast line at an angle of c. 40. Rejoins mainland. Divergent from coast at an angle of c. 50. Serves to close Gulf. Closes small bay. Divergent from coast at an angle of c. 40. Rejoins mainland. Encloses bay-like waters contained between I. Tiburon and mainland. Closes off northern portion of Gulf in conjunction with west coast line. Convergent to the coast. COMMENTS Parallel to coast at a distance of approximately 8 - 10 miles.

The twenty-two segments of straight baselines total 357.4 nautical miles in length. The average length of a segment is 16.24 nautical miles while the longest, from Punta Arena to Isla Cerralvo, measures 39.4 nautical miles. The lines, which follow the coast at a distance between 10 and 15 nautical miles on the average, extend to approximately 25 miles from the mainland at Isla Tortuga and Isla San Esteban. In the main, the Mexican baselines connect islands which may be judged to fringe the coast. However, in four instances the straight baselines do not conform to the general trend of the coast. The lines enclosing the islands of Las Animas, San Idelfonso, Tortuga and San

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Pedro Nolasco all diverge from the coast at angles greater than 40 degrees. These angles are maintained over both the local and general trends of the coast. Moreover, straight baselines serve to cut off nearly 30% of the area of the Gulf from the previously defined high seas. Such a move, it would appear, could be justified only on the basis of historic waters as claimed over a considerable period of time. Sole and intensive use by local inhabitants would need to be established. However, no such claim has been discovered in the public record. It should be noted that the northern quarter of the Gulf is virtually devoid of islands. Moreover, the coast is relatively smooth, although a few bay-like indentations exist. As a result, straight baselines for the section would add very little to the internal waters of Mexico. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS MEXICO - CUBA The following is extracted from the Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement on the Delimination of the EEZ of Mexico in the bordering area with Cuban waters (EIF July 1976). 1. The Government of Mexico and the Government of Cuba agree to establish the boundary line between the Exclusive Economic Zone of Mexico and that will be the economic zone of Cuba (or its equivalent) on the basis of the principle of equidistance. 2. The boundary line referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be defined by the arcs of a great circle joining the points whose geodetic coordinates, determined on the basis of the best information available to date, are as follows: TABLE C1.T168. MEXICO - CUBA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 21 20 20 20 19 19 LATITUDE NORTH 56 28' 83" 30 31' 50" 26 54' 30" 45 32' 80" 18 55' 80" 41 31' 50" 36 00' 10" 35 20' 90" 49 36' 40" 17 46' 70" 04 37' 10" 39 16' 60" 32 25' 80" 86 86 86 86 86 85 85 85 85 85 84 84 84 LONGITUDE WEST 56 16' 69" 24 14' 70" 22 33' 80" 06 55' 00" 00 35' 20" 52 43' 40" 51 18' 20" 51 09' 30" 32 23' 10" 07 24' 25" 57 56' 30" 42 46' 50" 38 30' 66"

4. The boundary line shall also be the boundary line of the continental shelf, if any, between Mexico and Cuba. MEXICO - U.S. The following is extracted from the 1970 Territorial Sea Boundary Agreement between Mexico and the U.S. (EIF April 1972). A. The international maritime boundary in the Gulf of Mexico shall begin at the center of the mouth of the Rio Grande, wherever it may be located; from there it shall run in a straight line to a fixed point, at 25 8' 19.76" West longitude, situated approximately 2,000 feet seaward from the coast; from this fixed point the maritime boundary shall continue seaward in a straight line the delineation of which represents a practical simplification of the line drawn in accordance with the principle of equidistance established in Articles 12 and 24 of the Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone. This line shall extend into the Gulf of Mexico shall be recognized in accordance with the map entitled International Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Mexico, which the Commission shall prepare in conformity with the foregoing description and which, once approved by the Governments, shall be annexed to and form a part of this Treaty.

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B. The international maritime boundary in the Pacific Ocean shall begin at the westernmost point of the mainland boundary; from there it shall run seaward on a line the delineation of which represents a practical simplification, through a series of straight lines, of the line drawn in accordance with the principle of equidistance established in Articles 12 and 24 of the Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone. This line shall extend seaward to a distance of 12 nautical miles from the baselines used for its delineation along the coast of the mainland and the islands of the Contracting States. The international maritime boundary in the Pacific Ocean shall be recognized in accordance with the map entitled International Maritime Boundary in the Pacific Ocean, which the Commission shall prepare in conformity with the foregoing description and which, once approved by the Governments, shall be annexed to and form a part of this Treaty. Coordinates taken from maps attached to treaty. TABLE C1.T169. MEXICO - U.S. TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY: PACIFIC OCEAN AND GULF OF MEXICO POINT LATITUDE NORTH PACIFC OCEAN 1 2 3 4 5 32 32' 03.19" 32 31' 38.79" 32 33' 12.04" 32 34' 20.93" 32 35' 22.11" GULF OF MEXICO 1 2 25 57' 22.18" 25 58' 30.57" 97 08' 19.76" 96 55' 27.37" 117 07' 25.70" 117 14' 17.49" 117 15' 44.76" 117 21' 58.39" 117 27' 49.42" LONGITUDE WEST

The following is extracted from the May 1978 Treaty on Maritime Boundaries between Mexico and the U.S. (Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean). The United States of America and the United Mexican States agree to establish and recognize as their maritime boundaries in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Pacific Ocean, in addition to those established by the Treaty of November 23, 1970, the geodetic lines connecting the points whose coordinates are: TABLE C1.T170. MEXICO - U.S. ADDITIONAL BOUNDARY COORDINATES: GULF OF MEXICO AND PACIFIC OCEAN POINT LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST

WESTERN GULF OF MEXICO GM.W-1 GM.W-2 GM.W-3 GM.W-4 25 58' 30.57" 26 00' 31.00" 26 00' 30.00" 25 59' 48.28" 96 55' 27.37" 96 48' 29.00" 95 39' 26.00" 93 26' 42.19"

EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO GM.E-1 GM.E-2 GM.E-3 25 42' 13.05" 25 46' 52.00" 25 41' 56.52" 91 05' 24.89" 90 29' 41.00" 88 23' 05.54"

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POINT LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST

PACIFIC OCEAN OP-1 OP-2 OP-3 OP-4 32 35' 22.11" 32 37' 37.00" 31 07' 58.00" 30 32' 31.20" 117 27' 49.42" 117 49' 31.00" 118 36' 18.00" 121 51' 58.37"

North of the maritime boundaries established by Article I, the United Mexican States shall not, and south of said boundaries, the United States of America shall not, claim or exercise any purpose sovereign rights or jurisdiction over the waters or seabed and subsoil.

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MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF

Sep 95 Ratified Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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MONACO
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 73 Ordinance No. 5094 12nm Monaco shall exercise sovereignty over its territorial waters and sovereign rights over the sea areas situated beyond the territorial sea in accordance with the conditions prescribed by international conventions on the law of the sea, and by the sovereign orders necessary for their implementation. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 67 Declaration 12nm Fishing zone. sovereign rights over the sea areas situated beyond the territorial sea in accordance with the conditions prescribed by international conventions on the law of the sea and by the sovereign orders necessary for their implementation. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Aug 85 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with France EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Nov 94 Mar 96 Signed Part XI Agreement. Mar 98 Act No. 1,198 (The Code of the Sea) Mar 98 Act No. 1,198 (The Code of the Sea)

Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT MONACO - FRANCE The following is extracted from the Maritime Delimitation Agreement between Monaco and France (EIF August 1985). Article 1 The limits of the territorial waters of the two States shall be constituted: (1) In the west, by the loxodromic curve joining points B0 and B2, whose coordinates shall be as follows: TABLE C1.T171. MONACO - FRANCE MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT B0 B2 LONGITUDE EAST 07 25' 10.5" 07 29' 48.0" LATITUDE NORTH 43 43' 32.9" 43 31' 48.0"

(2) In the east, by two lines traced in the following manner: The first shall be the loxodromic curve joining points A0 and A1, whose coordinates shall be as follows:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T171. POINT A0 A1 LONGITUDE EAST 07 26' 22.14" 07 27' 12.60" LATITUDE NORTH 43 45' 01.49" 43 44' 35.50"

The second shall be the loxodromic curve joining point A1 to point A2 whose coordinates shall be as follows: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T171. POINT A2 LONGITUDE EAST 07 31' 42" LATITUDE NORTH 43 33' 09"

(3) Monegasque territorial waters shall extend to the same outer limit as French territorial waters. The outer limit of Monegasque territorial waters shall be the loxodromic curve joining points A2 and B2. Article 2 The limits of the maritime areas situated beyond the territorial sea of Monaco over which the Principality of Monaco exercises or shall exercise sovereign rights in accordance with international law shall be constituted: (1) In the west, by the loxodromic curve joining point B2 to a point B3, whose coordinates shall be as follows: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T171. POINT B3 LONGITUDE EAST 07 43' 26" LATITUDE NORTH 42 56' 47"

(2) In the east, by the axis of the loxodromic curve joining point A2 to a point A3 whose coordinates shall be as follows: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T171. POINT A3 LONGITUDE EAST 07 45' 25" LATITUDE NORTH 42 57' 59"

(3) In the south, by the loxodromic curve joining points A3 and B3. Point A3 and B3 are equidistant from the French (Corsica) and Monegasque coasts.

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MOROCCO
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Mar 73 Act No. 1.73.211 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 75 Decree 2.75.311 Straight baselines established. Specified STRAIGHT BASELINES, & limits in Strait of Gibraltar by coordinates. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 81 Act. No. 1.81.179 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jul 58 Law No. 1.58.277 1958 DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 81 Act No. 1.81.179 200nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Nov 76 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Mauritania. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention; never ratified. Oct 94 Signed Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are extracts of Decree 2.75.311 of 21 July 1975 in which the Government of Morocco established a straight baseline system. Article 1 The bays, roadsteads, coves, islets, rocks, and other features of the Moroccan coasts listed below are included in Moroccan internal waters in accordance with the closing lines whose geographical coordinates are hereinafter specified: TABLE C1.T172. MOROCCO STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ATLANTIC MOROCCO STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ATLANTIC (FROM NORTH TO SOUTH) POINTS From: Feu de Ben Chergui: COORDINATES Latitude: Longitude: 33 43', 8 N 07 20', 7 W

To:

Ras Mohammedia (Cap Fedala):

Latitude: Longitude:

33 43', 5 N 07 23', 9 W

From:

Ras Mohammedia (Cap Fedala):

(as above)

To:

Taraf El Hank (Pointe d'El Hank):

Latitude: Longitude:

33 36', 9 N 07 39', 2 W

From:

Taraf Azemmour (Pointe d' Azemmour):

Latitude:

33 22', 4 N

(as above)

To:

Taraf Sidi Abderrahman (Pointe Sidi Abderrahman):

Latitude: Longitude:

32 06', 9 N 09 19', 4 W

From:

Sakhrat Ras Hadid (Rocher du Cap Hadid):

Latitude: Longitude:

31 41', 9 N 09 41', 4 W

To:

Jazirat Essaouira (Ile de Mogador):

Latitude: Longitude:

31 30', N 09 47', 7 W

From:

Jazirat Essaouira (Ile de Mogador):

(as above)

To:

Ras Sim (Cap Sim):

Latitude: Longitude:

31 23', 5 N 09 50', 8 W

From:

Ras Sim (Cap Sim):

(as above)

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MOROCCO STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ATLANTIC (FROM NORTH TO SOUTH) POINTS COORDINATES

To:

Ras Tafelney (Cap Tafelney):

Latitude: Longitude:

31 06', 3 N 09 50', 6 W

From:

Ras Tafelney (Cap Tafelney):

(as above)

To:

Taraf AlQawareb (Pointe Lanchones):

(as above)

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MOROCCO STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR AND THE MEDITERRANEAN SIDE (FROM WEST TO EAST) POINTS To: Taraf AlLabua (Pointe Leona): COORDINATES Latitude: Longitude: 35 55', 2 N 05 24', 2 W

From:

Taraf AlLabua (Pointe Leona):

(as above)

To:

Sakharat Moussa (Rochers Santa Catalina):

Latitude: Longitude:

35 54', 2 N 05 17', 3 W

From:

Taraf AlMina (Pointe AlMina):

Latitude: Longitude:

From:

Taraf ElKhwan (Pointe Los Frailes):

(as above)

To:

Taraf Sidi Chaib (Pointe Sidi Chaib):

Latitude: Longitude:

35 16', 3 N 03 45', W

From:

Ras Taraf (Cap Quilates):

Latitude: Longitude:

35 17', N 03 40', 7 W

To:

Taraf Betoya (Pointe Betoya):

Latitude: Longitude:

35 13', 7 N 03 12', 5 W

From:

Taraf Betoya (Pointe Betoya):

(as above)

To:

Ras ElQedim (Cap Viejo):

Latitude: Longitude:

35 26', N 02 59', 8 W

From:

Feu des Faraina (Feu de Los Farallones):

Latitude: Longitude:

35 25', 5 N 02 56', 5 W

To:

Sakharat Restinga Attaoufania (Rochers de Restina de Tofino):

Latitude: Longitude:

35 09', 1 N 02 47', W

From:

Sakharat Restinga Attaoufania (Rochers de Restinga de Tofino):

(as above)

To:

iles Jaafaryines (Zaffarines) (pointe Nord de Jazirat AlMou'tamar) (ile Congresso):

Latitude: Longitude:

35 11', N 02 26', 4 W

From:

iles Jaafaryines (Zaffarines) (pointe Nord de Jazirat AlMalik) (ile del Rey):

Latitude: Longitude:

35 11', 2 N 02 25', 4 W

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MOROCCO STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR AND THE MEDITERRANEAN SIDE (FROM WEST TO EAST) POINTS To: the Algerian Moroccan boundary on the Mediterranean coast. COORDINATES Latitude: Longitude: 35 05', 2 N 02 12', 7 W

Article 2 The outer limit of the Moroccan territorial sea shall be drawn, at a distance of 12 nautical miles from the coast, from the low-water line and from the straight baselines and bay closing lines whose geographical coordinates are specified in Article 1: TABLE C1.T174. MOROCCO TERRITORIAL SEA ON THE ATLANTIC SIDE (FROM NORTH TO SOUTH) from Cap Spartel (Ras Spartel): Latitude: Longitude: 35 47' 18" N 05 55' 33" W to Cap Juby (Ras Al Ayyoubi): Latitude: Longitude: 27 57' 14" N 12 55' 21" W

and beyond on the south Moroccan Atlantic coast. ON THE MEDITERRANEAN SIDE (FROM WEST TO EAST): from Punta Almina (Taraf Al-Mina): Latitude: Longitude: 35 53' 50" N 05 16' 45" W

to the Algerian-Moroccan boundary on the Mediterranean coast: Latitude: Longitude: MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT MOROCCO - MAURITANIA The following is extracted from the Convention concerning the State Frontier Line established between Morocco and Mauritania (signed 14 April 1976; EIF November 1976). Section 1 The Parties hereto agree that the official boundary established between the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and the Kingdom of Morocco is determined by an imaginary straight line drawn from the point of intersection of the Atlantic coast and the 24th parallel north to the point of intersection of the 23d parallel north and the 13th meridian west; the intersection of this baseline with the present boundary of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania constituting the southwestern limit of the boundary of the Kingdom of Morocco. From this point the boundary follows in a northerly direction the present boundary follows in a northerly direction the present boundary of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania to a point constituted by the coordinates [on a map attached to the agreement]. 35 05' 12" N 02 12' 42" W

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Section 2 The official boundary between the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and the Kingdom of Morocco, as determined in Section 1 of this agreement, effectively bounds the surface, air space and subsurface area of the parties hereto. The boundary with regard to the continental shelf is constituted by the 24th parallel north.

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MOZAMBIQUE
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 96 Law No. 4/96 12nm If foreign warships fail to comply with Mozambique law regarding innocent passage through the territorial sea and cause loss or damage to Mozambique, then the flag State of the vessel shall be liable for such damage. Repeals all legislation contrary to this law. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Apr 96 Law No. 4/96 Declares straight baselines as depicted by STRAIGHT BASELINES, & coordinates below. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 96 Law No. 4/96 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 96 Law No. 4/96 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Apr 96 Law No. 4/96 200nm Shelf extends to 200nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jul 93 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Tanzania EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are extracts from Mozambique Law No. 4/96 of 4 January 1996 establishing straight baselines for Mozambique. Article 4 The breadth of the territorial sea is 12 nautical miles measured from the baseline. The closing lines and straight baselines that supplement the normal baseline are defined in accordance with the following coordinates. TABLE C1.T175. MOZAMBIQUE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM MOZAMBIQUE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINTS (1) Cabo Delgado (2) Ilha Tecomagi (3) Ilha Rongui (4) Ilha Vamizi (5) Ilha Quero-Niuni (6) Ilha Medjumbi (7) Ilha Querimba LATITUDE SOUTH 10 41' 24" 10 45' 24" 10 50' 08" 11 00' 50" 11 41' 30" 11 49' 09" 12 27' 09" LONGITUDE EAST 40 38' 54" 40 40' 22" 40 41' 38" 40 43' 53" 40 39' 12" 40 38' 09" 40 38' 40" Mar 97

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MOZAMBIQUE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINTS (8) Ponta do Diabo (9) Ponta Maunbane (10) Ponta Metampia (11) Point N. da ponta Cogune (12) Point E. of lower end baixo da Pinda (13) Ponta Relamzapo (14) Ilha Quitangonha (15) Ilha Injaca (16) Ilha de Goa (17) Ilha de Sena (18) Farol de Infusse (19) Ilha de Mafamede (20) Ilha Puga-Puga (21) Ilha Caldeira (22) Ilha de Moma (23) Ilha Epidendron (24) Ilha Casuarina (25) Ilha do Fogo (26) Ilha Quisungo (27) Point N.E. da ponta Padjini (28) Cabo Inhaca U.S. ANALYSIS The following explanatory comments are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 29, "Straight Baselines: Mozambique" of 12 November 1970, which analyzed the original straight baselines for Mozambique as promulgated by Portugal. Straight baselines listed in Law No. 4/96 are identical, therefore this analysis would still apply. The 28 specified points in the decree law create five straight baseline systems, which, in two cases, connect offshore islands and reefs with the mainland and, in three cases, close bay-like coastal indentations. TABLE C1.T176. MOZAMBIQUE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS SEGMENT 1-2 2-3 3-4 LENGTH (N.M.) 4.5 5.0 11.5 COMMENTS The segment connects C. Delgado with the outer point of I. Tecomagi at an angle of 21 to the general direction of the coast. The segment varies from the general direction of the coast by approximately 5. Line 1 - 3 closes Tunghi Bay by using offshore islands. The segment continues at nearly the same deviation from the general direction of the coast to enclose Maiyapa Bay. It is a legal bay if the islands are considered to constitute segments of the LATITUDE SOUTH 12 45' 48" 12 58' 32" 14 01' 24" 14 10' 39" 14 13' 52" 14 27' 43" 14 51' 15" 15 00' 12" 15 03' 14" 15 05' 12" 15 29' 42" 16 21' 38" 16 27' 36" 16 39' 12" 16 49' 04" 17 05' 54" 17 07' 52" 17 14' 58" 17 19' 40" 25 17' 12" 25 58' 10" LONGITUDE EAST 40 38' 09" 40 36' 02" 40 38' 42" 40 44' 06" 40 47' 49" 40 50' 55" 40 50' 04" 40 48' 17" 40 47' 33" 40 46' 37" 40 33' 54" 40 02' 45" 39 57' 12" 39 43' 52" 39 31' 52" 39 08' 12" 39 05' 28" 38 52' 47" 38 05' 15" 33 19' 20" 32 59' 40"

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SEGMENT LENGTH (N.M.) bay shore. 4-5 41.0 The general character of the coast changes from being embayed to lined with numerous shoals and reefs. The segment, on the average, lies approximately 8 nautical miles offshore directly along the seaward limit of the reefs. The general direction of the coast and the segment deviates by approximately 6. As above but the angle is approximately 8. The numerous reefs continue but four large islands are skirted by the segment. The islands mask approximately 40% of the shoreline from the sea. The segment virtually parallels the general direction of the coast. On the larger-scale charts the segment intersects I. Ibo and passes landward of an islet, Manoel da Silva. These deviations from the norm probably result from positional differences rather than intent. The segment deviates from the general direction of the coast by approximately 18 as the two lines nearly intersect at point 8. The segment rejoins the mainland enclosing Pomba Bay, a legal bay. COMMENTS

5-6 6-7

8.0 38.4

7-8 8-9 Sub-total: 10 - 11 12 - 13 14 - 15 15 - 16 16 - 17 17 - 18 18 - 19

18.0 13.4 139.8 n.m. 10.9 14.2 9.1 3.0 2.8 27.5 60.4

The segment constitutes a straight baseline and encloses Momba Bay, a legal bay, by using the outermost points as the natural entrance points of the bay. Same as above, but encloses Veloso Bay. The second major straight baseline system closes, on the north, Conducia Bay, a legal bay, and Mozambique (city) harbor, which is also a legal bay. All three segments essentially follow the general direction of the coast. In the north, the segment serves to close B. de Mocambo, a legal bay, while extending beyond its confines in the south where the segment connects with an offshore island. The longest of the straight baseline segments, it nevertheless remains aligned within 3 of the general direction of the coast at an average distance of 7 nautical miles from the coast. While the enclosed waters are shoal, few islands or reefs "fringe" the coast. As above except the angular deviation is approximately 12. The segment skims five major reef areas. The angular deviation decreases to 6. The segment connects the seaward limits of two reef areas and is virtually parallel to the general direction of the coast. Same as above. Distance to mainland averages approximately 9 nautical miles. The angular deviation increases to 14 due to a major change in the general direction of the coast while the baselines continue at the former azimuth. Same as above. The segment connects the offshore reefs area with the mainland.

19 - 20 20 - 21 21 - 22 22 - 23 23 - 24 24 - 25 25 - 26 Sub-total: 27 - 28

7.9 27.3 15.8 27.6 3.6 13.4 45.5 243.9 n.m. 44.6

The segment closes Delgos Bay by using the natural entrance point of the bay. In the north, an artificial point has been chosen. The bay, which could meet the legal requirements of a bay with a different closing point, is the harbor for Lourenco Marques, the capital of Mozambique.

Total

453.4 n.m.

The straight baseline system of Mozambique consists of five sectors, three of which are restricted to "bay" closings. The longest segment measures approximately 60.4 nautical miles in length while the shortest is 2.8 nautical miles. The average segment length is approximately 19.7 nautical miles. Only two of the segments deviate from the general direction of the coast by more than 15.

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MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT MOZAMBIQUE - TANZANIA The following is extracted from the Boundary Agreement between Tanzania and Mozambique (signed 28 December 1988, EIF July 1993). Article II - Maritime Boundary Internal Waters: The outer limit of the internal waters of the two countries is delimited by means of a straight line drawn across the mouth of the Ruvuma Bay from Ras Matunda, located at latitude 10 21' 32" S and longitude 40 27' 35" E to Cabo Suafo, located at latitude 10 28' 14" and longitude 40 31' 33" E. All waters on the landward side of this line constitute the internal waters of the two countries. The internal waters are apportioned by means of a straight line drawn across the Ruvuma Bay from a point hereinafter referred to as point "B", located at latitude 10 24' 53" S and longitude 40 29' 34" E which is the mid-point of the line demarcating the outer limit of such waters, that is to say, between Ras Matunda and Cabo Suafo to point "A", the mid-point of the line drawn across the mouth of the Ruvuma River between Ras Mwambo and Ras Ruvuma. The waters bounded by point A, B and Ras Matunda belong to Tanzania and the waters bounded by points A, B and Cabo Suafo belong to Mozambique. Article III - Territorial Sea The territorial sea boundary line between the two countries is delimited by application of the equidistant method of drawing a media straight line from point B to a point 12 nm , located at latitude 10 18' 46" S and longitude 40 40' 07" E, hereafter referred to as point "C". Article IV - Exclusive Economic Zone The delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone between the two countries is delimited in conformity with the equidistant method by prolonging the median straight line used for the delimitation of the territorial sea from point C to a point 25.5 nm, located at latitude 10 05' 29" S and longitude 41 02' 01" E, hereafter referred to as point D. From this point, the Exclusive Economic Zone is delimited by application of the principle of equity, by a line running due east along the parallel of point "D". The point to termination of this line will be established though exchange of notes between Tanzania and Mozambique at a future date. Article V - Description of Maritime Boundary The description of the maritime boundary line and the points through which it passes is as follows: This line commences at the mouth of the Ruvuma River from point A, located at latitude 10 28' 04" S and longitude 40 26' 19" E, that is to say, the mid-point of the straight line drawn between Ras Mwambo, located at latitude 10 27' 48" S and longitude 40 25' 50" E and Ras Ruvuma, located at latitude 10 28' 21" S and longitude 40 26' 48" E, and from point A the line runs across the Ruvuma Bay in a north easterly direction in a straight line to point B, loacted at latitude 10 24' 53" S and longitude 40 29' 34" E, that is to say, the mid-point of the base line demarcating the out limit of the internal waters between Ras Matunda, located at latitude 10 28' 14" S and longitude 40 31' 33" E. From point B the boundary line follows the median straight line derived by application of the equidistance method between Ras Matunda, located at latitude 10 21' 32" S and longitude 40 40' 07" E. From there it follows the same median line as far as point D located at latitude 10 05' 29" S and longitude 40 02' 01" E. Thence it runs due east along the parallel of point D to a point established pursuant to article IV. Annex A TABLE C1.T177. MOZAMBIQUE - TANZANIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1. Ras Mwambo 2. Ras Ruvuma 3. Ras Matunda LATITUDE SOUTH 10 27' 48" 10 28' 21" 10 21' 32" LONGITUDE EAST 40 25' 50" 40 26' 48" 40 27' 35"

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POINT 4. Ras Suafo 5. Point A 6. Point B 7. Point C 8. Point D LATITUDE SOUTH 10 21' 32" 10 28' 04" 10 24' 53" 10 18' 46" 10 05' 29" LONGITUDE EAST 40 27' 35" 40 26' 19" 40 29' 34" 40 40' 07" 41 02' 01"

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NAMIBIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jun 90 Act No. 3 (Territorial Sea 12nm and EEZ Act) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Dec 91 Territorial Sea and EEZ 24nm Amended 1990 Act by establishing a Amendment Act contiguous zone, and correcting 1990 excessive claim to authority in the EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 90 Act No. 3 (Territorial Sea 1958 and EEZ Act) DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 90 Act No. 3 (Territorial Sea 200nm Established EEZ. and EEZ Act) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Mar 94 Treaty Treaty with South Africa regarding Walvis Bay EIF. Walvis Bay and the Off-Shore Islands incorporated into Namibia effective 1 Mar 1994. Jun 2002 Agreement Maritime border with Angola. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Apr 83 Ratified Convention (UN Council for Namibia). Signed Part XI Agreement.

Jul 94

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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NAURU
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 97 Sea Boundaries Act 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 97 Sea Boundaries Act Provides extensive (approx. 50 pages) STRAIGHT BASELINES, & coordinates for straight baselines, for HISTORIC CLAIMS territorial sea, contiguous zone, and EEZ external boundaries. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 97 Sea Boundaries Act 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 97 Sea Boundaries Act 200nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The 1997 baseline legislation lists 236 coordinate points for the baselines of Nauru. It also lists tables of nautical-mile arc intersections for the 12nm limit of the territorial sea, the 24nm limit of the contiguous zone, and the 200nm limit of the EEZ. This information is available online at the UN Law of the Sea website; see Foreword for website information. Jan 96

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NETHERLANDS
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 85 Territorial Sea 12nm (Demarcation) Act All state vessels (including warships) need permission to transit to Antwerp (through internal waters of western Schelde). NATO ships can receive authorization from Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 85 Territorial Sea Promulgated base points (partial system STRAIGHT BASELINES, & (Demarcation) Act of straight baselines) for the territorial sea. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF 1965 Continental Shelf Mining Not Act specific _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 99 Kingdom Act establishing 200nm Determined outer limits of EEZ as no an EEZ greater than 200 miles, less if required by geography with neighboring states. (EIF by Decree of 13 Mar 2000.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Sep 65 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Germany (FRG) (North Sea Coastal Areas) EIF. Mar 66 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Denmark (North Sea). Continental shelf boundary agreement with United Kingdom EIF. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Germany (FRG) (North Sea); supplements 1965 Agreement based on ICJ Decision. Oct 87 Legislation of 1931

Dec 66 (Dec 72) Jan 71

Agreement (and Protocol)

Maritime boundary agreements with Belgium regarding territorial sea, continental shelf. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Jun 96 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Dec 96

Agreements (2)

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement, with Declaration specifically acknowledging right of innocent passage for all warships and nuclear powered vessels. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are extracts from the Territorial Sea (Demarcation) Act of 9 January 1985 in which the Government of the Netherlands established a system of straight baselines.

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Section 1 1. The territorial sea of the Netherlands shall extend to a line, each point on which lies twelve international nautical miles...seawards of the nearest point on the low-water line along the coast.... Section 2 1. The demarcation line between the inland waters and the territorial sea of the Netherlands shall be formed by the low-water line along the coast together with the base lines referred to in subsection 2.... 2. Base lines shall be drawn through the arcs of the great circles which represent the shortest routes between the following points: a. In the mouth of the Western Scheldt: Point A, the intersection of the land boundary between the Netherlands and Belgium with the lowwater line, deemed for the purposes of the present Act to lie at 51 22' 25.0" north latitude and 03 21' 52.5" east longitude. Point B, the Molenhoofd light on the coast of Walcheren, at 51 31' 38.1" north latitude and 03 26' 07.9" east longitude. b. Between Den Holder and Texel: Point C, the Kijkduin lighthouse at Den Helder, at 52 57' 22.5" north latitude and 04 43' 39.8" east longitude; from there to Point D, on the island of Noorderhaaks, at 52 58' 24.0" north latitude and 04 39' 30.0" east longitude; from there to Point E, the Loodsmansduin (direction table) on the island of Texel, at 53 01' 21.2" north latitude and 04 43' 45.6" east longitude. c. Between Texel and Vlieland: Point F, the Eierland lighthouse on the island of Texel at 53 10' 58.4" north latitude and 04 51' 23.7" east longitude. Point G, the refuge on the island of Vlieland at 53 13' 27.6" north latitude and 04 53' 12.3" east longitude. d. Between Vlieland and Terschelling: Point H, the Vuurduin lighthouse on the island of Vlieland, at 53 17' 47.7" north latitude and 05 03' 34.3" east longitude. Point J, the Brandaris lighthouse on the island of Terschelling, at 53 21' 39.8" north latitude and 05 12' 55.9" east longitude. e. Between Terschelling and Ameland: Point K, the Noordkaap beacon on the island of Terschelling, at 53 26' 40.6" north latitude and 05 32' 47.1" east longitude. Point L, the Ameland lighthouse, at 53 26' 59.9" north latitude and 05 37' 37.2" east longitude. f. Between Ameland and Schiermonnikoog: Point M, the cape at the east point of Ameland, at 53 27' 50" north latitude and 05 55' 49.4" east longitude. Point N, the Schiermonnikoog lighthouse, at 53 29' 15.3" north latitude and 06 08' 52.1" east longitude. g. Between Schiermonnikoog and Rottumeroog: Point O, the cape at the southeast point of Schiermonnikoog, at 53 29' 50.5" north latitude and 06 17' 56.1" east longitude; from there to Point P, the Boschplaat beacon, at 53 31' 48.9" north latitude and 06 27' 42.4" east longitude; from there to Point Q, the Great Cape on Rottumeroog, at 53 32' 39.1" north latitude and 06 34' 39.0" east longitude. 3. The location of Points A to Q referred to in subsection 2 is expressed in longitude and latitude using European coordinates (1st Adjustment, 1950). 4. In the mouth of the River Maas and in the harbour mouths at Scheveningen and Ijmuiden, the baseline shall be taken to be a straight line between the lights on the ends of the jetties. Section 3 2. For the purposes of the application of Netherlands legislation, the border between inland waters and the territorial sea in the mouth of the Ems shall be deemed to be formed by a straight line between the Great Cape on Rottumeroog, at 53 32' 39.1" north latitude and 06 34' 39" east longitude, and the large lighthouse at Borkum, at 53 35' 22.2" north latitude and 06 39' 48.3" east longitude, insofar as the said line remains within Netherlands territory. Following are excerpts from the Decree of 13 March 2000, determining the outer limits of the exclusive economic zone of the Netherlands and effecting entry into force of the Kingdom Act establishing an EEZ. Article 1 The outer limits of the exclusive economic zone of the Netherlands shall coincide with: 1. The outer limits of the Netherlands territorial sea as referred to in section 1, subsection 1, of the Territorial Sea of the Netherlands (Demarcation) Act; and 2. The outer limits of the Netherlands portion of the continental shelf.

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MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT NETHERLANDS BELGIUM The following is extracted from the December 1996 Maritime boundary agreements between The Netherlands and Belgium regarding the Territorial Sea and the Continental Shelf. The boundary between the territorial sea of the Kingdom of Belgium and the territorial sea of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is formed by the great circles joining the following points, expressed in terms of their coordinates, in the sequence given below: TABLE C1.T178. NETHERLANDS - BELGIUM TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 LATITUDE 51 22 25 N 51 22 46 N 51 27 00 N 51 29 05 N 51 33 06 N LONGITUDE 03 21 52.5 E 03 21 14 E 03 17 47 E 03 12 44 E 03 04 53 E

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NETHERLANDS DEPENDENCIES
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 85 Territorial Sea (Extension) 12nm For Aruba and Netherlands Antilles. Act _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Dec 85 Royal Decree of 23 Oct Establishes straight baselines for Aruba STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 1985 and Netherlands Antilles. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 98 Decree Established fishery zones for Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, outer limits to be determined by agreement with neighboring states. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 78 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Venezuela (Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire, Saba/Aves Island) EIF. See LIS No. 105. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jun 96 The Netherlands ratified the Convention and Part XI Agreement; presumed applicable to its dependencies. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS NETHERLANDS ANTILLES - VENEZUELA The following is extracted from the Maritime Boundary Agreement with Venezuela regarding Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire, and Saba/Aves Island (EIF December 1978). Article 1 1. The maritime delimitations lines set out in this Treaty constitute the boundaries between the Contracting Parties in respect to their territorial waters, continental shelves, exclusive economic zones and all other maritime or submarine areas that have been or may be established by the Parties in accordance with international law. Article 2 The maritime boundary lines between Venezuela and the Netherlands Antilles are as follows: 1. SECTOR A. Between the west of Aruba and Venezuelan territory 1.1. From point No. 3, latitude 12 21' 00" N and longitude 70 25' 00" W, the meridian 70 25' 00" W to point No.2, latitude 12 49' 00" N and longitude 70 25' 00" W. 1.2. From said point No. 2, an arc of maximum circumference to point No. 1, latitude 15 24' 48" N and longitude 69 34' 38" W, or that point on said maximum circumference that represents the boundary with third nations. 2. SECTOR B. Between the Leeward Islands of the Netherlands Antilles (Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao) and the north coast of Venezuela. 2.1. From Point No.3, latitude 12 21' 00" N and longitude 70 25' 00" W, parallel 12 21' 00" N to point No. 4, latitude 21 21' 00" N and longitude 70 09' 51" W. 2.2. From said point No.4, an arc of maximum circumference to point No. 5, latitude 12 21' 54" N and longitude 70 08' 25" W. 2.3. From said point No. 5, an arc or maximum circumference to point No. 6, latitude 12 15' 46" N and longitude 69 44' 21" W. 2.4. From said point No. 6, an arc of maximum circumference to point No. 7, latitude 11 52' 45" N and longitude 69 04' 45" W. 2.5. From said point No. 7, an arc of maximum circumference to point No. 8, latitude 11 45' 30" N and longitude 68 57' 15" W.

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2.6. From said point No. 8, an arc of maximum circumference to point No.9, latitude 11 44' 30" N and longitude 68 49' 45" W. 2.7. From said point No. 9, an arc of maximum circumference to point No.10, latitude 11 40' 00" N and longitude 68 36' 00" W. 2.8. From said point No. 10, parallel 11 40' 00" N to point No. 11, latitude 11 40' 00" N and longitude 67 59' 23" W. 3. SECTOR C. Between Bonaire and Venezuelan territory. 3.1. From point No. 11, latitude 11 40' 00" N and longitude 67 59' 23" W, the meridian 67 59' 23" W to point No. 12, latitude 12 27' 00" N and longitude 67 59' 23" W. 3.2. From said point No. 12, an arc of maximum circumference to point No. 13, latitude 15 14' 28" N and longitude 68 51' 44" W, or that point on said maximum circumference that represents the boundary with third nations. 4. SECTOR D. Between the Islands of Aves, Saba and Saint Eustatius. 4.1. From point No. 15, latitude 16 40' 50" N and longitude 63 37' 50" W, an arc of maximum circumference to point No. 14, latitude 16 44' 49" N and longitude 64 01' 08" W, or that point on said maximum circumference that represents the boundary with third nations. 4.2. From point No. 15, an arc of maximum circumference to point No. 16, latitude 16 40' 01" N and longitude 63 35' 20" W, or that point on said maximum circumference that represents the boundary with third nations.

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NEW ZEALAND DEPENDENCIES

Niue. Baseline is low water mark, but where there is coral reef, claimed baseline is low water mark at outside of reef. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Nov 77 Continental Shelf 200nm/ Cook Islands. Amendment Act 1977 CM _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Nov 77 Territorial Sea & 200nm Cook Islands EEZ. Exclusive Economic Zone Act No. 16 Dec 77 Tokelau Act of 1977 200nm Tokelau.

Apr 97 (EIF)

12nm

Apr 97 Territorial Sea and EEZ 200nm Niue EEZ. Regulates fishing in EEZ. (EIF) Act of 1996 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jul 82 Treaty Maritime boundary treaty between Niue and the U.S. (American Samoa). See LIS No. 119. Sep 83 Agreement Agreement between Cook Islands and the U.S. (American Samoa) EIF. See LIS No. 100. Agreement between New Zealand (Tokelau) and the U.S. (American Samoa) EIF.

Sep 83

Agreement

Agreement between Cook Islands and France (French Polynesia) EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 New Zealand signed Convention: applies to Tokelau. Cook Islands signed Convention. Dec 84 Jul 94 Niue signed Convention. New Zealand signed Part XI Agreement: applies to Tokelau. Cook Islands ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement.

Aug 90

Agreement

Feb 95

New Zealand ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement: applies to Tokelau. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Jul 96

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MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS COOK ISLANDS - U.S. (AMERICAN SAMOA) The following is extracted from the Treaty between the U.S.A. and the Cook Islands on Friendship and Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between the U.S.A. (American Samoa) and the Cook Islands; signed on 11 June 1980, EIF September 1983. The maritime boundary between the United States of America and the Cook Islands shall be determined by the geodetic lines connecting the following coordinates. TABLE C1.T79. COOK ISLANDS - U.S. (AMERICAN SAMOA) MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES LATITUDE SOUTH 1733'28" 1645'30" 1623'29" 1618'30" 1608'42" 1544'58" 1538'47" 1514'04" 1500'09" 1403'30" 1344'56" 1335'44" 1321'25" 1314'03" 1311'25" 1257'51" 1241'22" 1228'40" 1201'55" 1143'53" 1102'40" 1052'31" 1012'49" 1012'44" 1001'26 " LONGITUDE WEST 16638'35" 16601'39" 16545'11" 16541'29" 16534'12" 16516'36" 16512'03" 16518'29" 16522'07" 16537'20" 16558'44" 16609'19" 16625'42" 16634'03" 16637'02" 16652'21" 16711'01" 16725'20" 16810'24" 16827'58" 16829'21" 16829'42" 16831'02" 16831'02" 16831'25"

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COOK ISLANDS - FRANCE (FRENCH POLYNESIA) The following is extracted from the Agreement on Maritime Delimitation between the Government of the Cook Islands and the Government of the French Republic (French Polynesia) signed and EIF August 1990. Article 1 The line of delimitation of maritime areas between the Cook Islands and the French Republic is the line which lies along the loxodromes connecting the points defined by their coordinates as follows: TABLE C1.T180. COOK ISLANDS - FRANCE (FRENCH POLYNESIA) MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES LATITUDE SOUTH 1552'08" 1624'18" 1719'06" 1820'44" 1855'11" 1915'26" 2124'20" 2453'40" LONGITUDE WEST 15807'41" 15752'07" 15714'45" 15602'31" 15510'28" 15448'20" 15619'23" 15608'33"

NEW ZEALAND (TOKELAU) - U.S. (AMERICAN SAMOA) The following is extracted from an Agreement between New Zealand (Tokelau) and U.S. (American Samoa) (EIF September 1983). Article I The maritime boundary between Tokelau and the United States shall be determined by the geodetic lines connecting the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T181. NEW ZEALAND (TOKELAU) - U.S. (AMERICAN SAMOA) MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES LATITUDE SOUTH 10 01' 26 10 07' 52 10 10' 18 10 15' 17 10 17' 50 10 25' 26 10 46' 15 11 02' 17 LONGITUDE WEST 168 31' 25" 169 46' 50" 170 16' 10" 171 15' 32" 171 50' 58" 172 11' 01" 173 03' 53" 173 44' 48"

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NIUE - U.S. (AMERICAN SAMOA) The following is extracted from the July 1982 Maritime Boundary Treaty between Niue and the U.S. Article II The geodetic and computational bases used to determine this boundary are the North American Datum 1983 (NAD 83) and the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) which, for the purpose of this boundary treaty, are considered identical.... Article III The maritime boundary between the United States of America (American Samoa) and Niue shall be determined by geodesics connecting the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T182. NIUE - U.S. (AMERICAN SAMOA) MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. LATITUDE SOUTH 173318 173255 172355 171049 170439 170107 164747 163900 163812 163801 163704 163539 163616 163723 164139 164316 164349 164933 165025 LONGITUDE WEST 1663831 1663938 1670638 1674527 1680334 1681355 1685231 1691732 1691947 1692225 1693612 1695557 1695913 1700515 1702826 1703728 1704035 1711323 1711819

Article IV On the side of the maritime boundary adjacent to the United States of America (American Samoa), the Government of Niue shall not, and on the side of the maritime boundary adjacent to Niue, the Government of the United States of America (American Samoa) shall not, claim or exercise for any purpose sovereignty, sovereign rights, or jurisdiction with respect to the waters or seabed or subsoil. Article V The maritime boundary established by this treaty shall not affect or prejudice in any manner either partys position with respect to the rules of international law relating to the law of the sea, including those concerned with the exercise of sovereignty, sovereign rights, or jurisdiction with respect to the waters or seabed or subsoil.

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NEW ZEALAND
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 78 Territorial Sea & 12nm Exclusive Economic Zone Act of 1977 Bans nuclear armed and powered ships from New Zealand ports. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Apr 78 Territorial Sea & Exclusive Enabling legislation for straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Economic Zone Act of HISTORIC CLAIMS 1977 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Apr 78 Territorial Sea & CM/ Exclusive Economic Zone 200nm Act of 1977 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 78 Territorial Sea & 200nm EEZ and fishing zone. Exclusive Economic Zone Act of 1977 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARTIME BOUNDARIES Jul 2004 Agreement EEZ and continental shelf boundary agreement with Australia signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Jul 96 Signed Part XI Agreement. Jun 87 Legislation

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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NICARAGUA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 79 Act No. 205 200nm This excessive territorial sea claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1982 and 1985 and conducted regular operational assertions from 19821993, 1998 and 1999. Current status of claim is uncertain. Upon ratification of LOS Convention in 2000, Nicaragua declared it would amend domestic law to conform. May 81 Circular CD-5-18-81 Imposed clearance requirements for aircraft overflight and vessel transit of 200nm territorial sea. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1985. Current status of claim is uncertain. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Oct 83 Decree 25nm Security Zone. 15-day advance notice required for warships/military aircraft; 7 days for civilian traffic This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertion in 1993. Current status of claim is uncertain. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF 1950 Constitution 200m depth Not specific _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 65 Executive Decree 1-L 200nm Exclusive fishing zone (apparently coinciding with territorial sea). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 84 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention, with Declaration: Nicaragua declares that such adjustments of its domestic law as may be required in order to harmonize it with the Convention will follow from the process of constitutional change." Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ May 2000 Dec 79 Act No. 205

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NIGERIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 98 Territorial Waters 12nm Rolled back former excessive territorial (Amendment) Decree sea claim from 30nm to 12nm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF 1969 Petroleum Decree No. 51 1958 DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Oct 78 Decree No. 28 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 75 Maroua Declaration Maritime boundary agreement with Cameroon EIF. Maritime boundary treaty with Equatorial Guinea signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Aug 86 Oct 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement. Sep 2000 Treaty

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS NIGERIA EQUATORIAL GUINEA The following is extracted from the Treaty between Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea concerning their Maritime Boundary, signed 23 September 2000. Article 2 Southwards and westwards from Point I identified below, the maritime boundary between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea shall be constituted by successive straight lines connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T183. NIGERIA EQUATORIAL GUINEA PARTIAL MARITIME BOUNDARY NIGERIA EQUATORIAL GUINEA PARTIAL MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT I II III IV V VI VII VII IX LONGITUDE 8 16 33.0 E 8 04 10.7 E 8 04 58.9 E 8 04 04.0 E 8 03 18.5 E 7 49 10.0 E 7 49 10.3 E 7 35 40.7 E 7 22 35.8 E LATITUDE 4 01 37.0 N 3 53 01.8 N 3 51 54.8 N 3 51 20.2 N 3 52 25.8 N 3 42 37.0 N 3 38 42.4 N 3 26 46.5 N 3 15 12.0 N

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NIGERIA EQUATORIAL GUINEA PARTIAL MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT X LONGITUDE 7 22 37.8 E LATITUDE 2 52 10.9 N

Article 3 Northwards and eastwards from Point I identified in Article 2 the maritime boundary shall be established by the Contracting Parties and recorded in a Protocol to this Treaty, following completion of the maritime aspects of the case before the International Court of Justice between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Republic of Cameroon, concerning the land and maritime frontier between them. NIGERIA - CAMEROON The following is extracted from the International Court of Justice Decision of 10 October 2002 on the Land and Maritime Boundary between Nigeria and Cameroon (Cameroon v. Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea Intervening). The ICJ, by a vote of 13 to 3, established the maritime boundary between Nigeria and Cameroon as follows: Starting from the point of intersection of the center of the navigable channel of the Akwayafe River with the straight line joining Bakassi Point and King Point as referred to in point III(C ) above, the boundary follows the compromise line drawn jointly at Yaounde on 4 April 1971 by the Heads of State of Cameroon and Nigeria on British Admiralty Chart 3433 (Yaounde II Declaration) and passing through 12 numbered points whose coordinates are as follows: TABLE C1.T184. NIGERIA CAMEROON MARITIME BOUNDARY NIGERIA CAMEROON MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 LONGITUDE 8 30 44 E 8 30 00 E 8 28 50 E 8 27 52 E 8 27 09 E 8 26 36 E 8 26 03 E 8 25 42 E 8 25 35 E 8 25 08 E 8 24 47 E 8 24 38 E LATITUDE 4 40 28 N 4 40 00 N 4 39 00 N 4 38 00 N 4 37 00 N 4 36 00 N 4 35 00 N 4 34 18 N 4 34 00 N 4 33 00 N 4 32 00 N 4 31 26 N

From Point 12, the boundary follows the line adopted in the Declaration signed by the Heads of State of Cameroon and Nigeria at Maroua on 1 June 1975 (Maroua Declaration) as corrected by the exchange of letters between the said Heads of State of 12 June and 17 July 1975; that line passes through points A to G, whose coordinates are as follows:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T184. NIGERIA CAMEROON MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT A A1 B C D E F G LONGITUDE 8 24 24 E 8 24 24 E 8 24 10 E 8 24 42 E 8 23 41 E 8 22 17 E 8 22 19 E 8 22 19 E LATITUDE 4 31 30 N 4 31 20 N 4 26 32 N 4 23 28 N 4 20 00 N 4 19 32 N 4 18 46 N 4 17 00 N

From Point G, the boundary line between the maritime areas appertaining respectively to the Republic of Cameroon and to the Federal Republic of Nigeria follows a loxodrome having an azimuth of 270 as far as the equidistance line passing through the midpoint of the line joining West Point and East Point; the boundary meets this equidistance line at a point X, with coordinates 8 21 20 longitude east and 4 17 00 latitude north; From Point X, the boundary between the maritime areas appertaining respectively to the Republic of Cameroon and to the Federal Republic of Nigeria follows a loxodrome having an azimuth of 187 52 27.

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NORWAY
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 2004 Act relating to the 12nm Around mainland Norway, Jan Mayen and Territorial Sea and Svalbard. (EIF for dependencies Contiguous Zone postponed.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 2001 Royal Decree Straight baselines around islands in the STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Svalbard Archipelago (replacing 1970 HISTORIC CLAIMS coordinates and extending around remainder of archipelago). Jun 2002 Royal Decree Baseline coordinates for straight baselines around mainland Norway.

Baseline coordinates for straight baselines around Jan Mayen. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jan 2004 Act relating to the 24nm Around mainland Norway only. Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF May 63 Royal Decree EXP _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 77 Act No. 91 & Royal 200nm EEZ: authorized foreign fishing beyond Decree of 17 Dec 76 12nm upon agreement with States concerned, and enabled fishery regulations. Jun 77 Royal Decree 200nm Fisheries protection zone around Svalbard.

Aug 2002

Royal Decree

Royal Decree; Agreement Up to Fishing zone around Jan Mayen to agreed with Iceland 200nm boundary with Iceland. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 32 Grisbadarna Arbitration Territorial sea boundary agreement with Sweden EIF. Apr 57 Agreement & Protocol Continental shelf boundary agreement with USSR for Varangerfjord EIF. Continental shelf boundary agreement with United Kingdom EIF. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Denmark (North Sea) EIF. Boundary between Norway and Sweden fishery areas (EEZ). Continental shelf boundary agreement with Sweden EIF. Maritime boundary agreement (continental shelf, fishery zone) with Denmark (Faeroes) EIF. Continental shelf boundary (Jan Mayen) agreement with Iceland EIF.

May 80

Jun 65 (Dec 78) Jun 66

Agreement (& Protocol) Agreement (amended 1968, 1974) Agreement

Apr 67

Mar 69

Agreement

Jun 80

Agreement

Jun 82 (Nov 97)

Agreement (& Protocol)

428

429

DoD 2005.1-M
MAINLAND NORWAY STRAIGHT BASELINES POINT 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Dry rock off Skagholmen Rundskjeret Darupskjeret Vesterfallet in Gasan Sannifallet Ytre Fiskebaen Jubaen Saltbaen Headland NW of Kiolva Tokkebaen Northernmost point of Svebaan Northernmost point of Flesan Northwesternmost point of Floholman Utflesa Kverna Rock N of Skarvholman Rock W of Strandflesa Westernmost rock off Nordbaen Ytreflesa Hombaen Torrbaen Northwesternmost rock on Nordskjortbaken Havbaen NW Havbaen SW Flesjan S Brimholman W Floholman SW Lundbaen Svinglebaen WNW Hogbraken Svartflesa Rock ca. 2.5 km NW of Skringen Rock SW of Ertenbraken Utgrunnskjer NAME OF POINT LATITUDE NORTH 71 05 46.73 70 51 34.01 70 40 27.34 70 24 59.34 70 18 14.02 70 13 27.95 70 06 05.67 69 52 51.42 69 36 03.49 69 29 27.18 69 20 19.42 69 06 06.43 68 44 42.11 68 39 22.41 68 19 35.91 68 11 10.11 68 08 40.11 67 56 27.08 67 42 10.99 67 32 19.44 67 31 29.56 67 29 04.72 67 25 50.82 67 25 49.85 67 24 05.44 66 46 18.21 66 35 29.84 66 07 30.21 65 38 28.83 65 23 40.11 64 54 50.99 64 49 54.30 64 46 51.32 64 12 54.81 LONGITUDE EAST 23 58 04.53 22 48 20.76 21 58 47.04 19 54 41.18 19 04 45.82 18 38 33.48 18 22 56.83 17 55 53.81 17 28 55.00 16 56 41.96 16 02 19.38 15 09 31.14 14 18 53.59 14 12 44.20 13 40 20.82 13 09 06.56 13 03 37.71 12 46 44.77 12 34 53.34 12 01 00.80 11 58 32.17 11 51 40.59 11 49 18.63 11 49 18.10 11 50 34.96 12 26 16.36 21 01 47.41 11 32 59.92 11 15 37.91 11 01 16.21 10 31 17.70 10 27 24.54 10 26 22.25 09 15 47.63

430

DoD 2005.1-M
MAINLAND NORWAY STRAIGHT BASELINES POINT 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Springaran Springaren S Flesa Smoksbaen Fogna Kjellskjera W Skreia Rock N of Skjerkalven Bukketjuvane W Steinen Vetrungane S Sendingane W Holmebaen Steinsoyna NW Mulen W Kaerbaeskjeret Terneskjer Baaskjeret Rock NW of Spannholmane Lausingen Svelgjeskjer Rock SW of Imsen Ytre Faksen Jaeren Reef Oyresteinen Rock W of Obrestadadodden Rock W of Horrodden Rock SW of Raunen Nordra Rasholmane Rock SW of Tjorvenesen Outermost Rock off Lille Dosen Rock SW of Listerauna Rock S of Listerauna Bispen NAME OF POINT LATITUDE NORTH 64 53 56.97 63 54 41.03 63 32 15.45 63 28 10.64 63 07 03.55 62 48 54.41 62 41 11.69 62 20 09.74 62 11 13.18 62 01 45.50 61 56 13.60 61 39 03.97 61 04 24.07 61 02 03.43 61 01 42.79 60 18 47.38 59 48 00.14 59 38 34.77 59 17 04.35 59 16 18.34 59 08 29.32 69 00 28.96 58 52 38.06 58 45 01.14 58 40 08.20 58 39 26.21 58 33 12.95 58 31 34.28 58 25 24.78 58 05 02.81 58 04 10.86 58 03 31.04 58 03 23.90 57 59 02.00 LONGITUDE EAST 08 27 44.73 08 27 10.87 07 49 22.37 07 43 45.44 07 09 22.18 06 15 34.54 05 58 52.57 05 15 49.14 05 03 17.76 04 53 54.98 04 48 59.45 04 33 59.36 04 29 57.02 04 29 59.37 04 30 01.60 04 53 16.06 05 02 30.80 05 04 21.76 04 50 38.94 04 50 49.77 05 10 29.75 05 21 51.81 05 25 19.66 05 29 02.23 05 32 18.06 05 32 56.40 05 39 35.60 05 42 06.04 05 52 25.19 06 35 42.85 06 37 36.80 06 39 42.08 06 40 14.36 07 00 14.90

431

DoD 2005.1-M
MAINLAND NORWAY STRAIGHT BASELINES POINT 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 NAME OF POINT Southernmost rock in Gjesslingane Pysen Ytsteskjer Southeasternmost point of Gaseskjera Ballastskjera E Lille Svarten Meholmskjer Langbaen Outermost rock in Gjeslingen Hesnesbregen Outermost rock E of the southern tip of Jomfruland Steinbrotta Rock S of Bidevindsholmen Rock S of Ertholmen Heifluene S Border between Norway and Sweden, Border Point XX (G.B.2 buoy) Jan Mayen The following is extracted from the Royal Decree of 30 August 2002, on Regulations relating to the limits of the Norwegian territorial sea around Jan Mayen. The limit of the territorial sea around Jan Mayen is to be measured from the following points: TABLE C1.T186. NORWEGIAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: JAN MAYEN NORWEGIAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: JAN MAYEN POINT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Nordkapp East Fullmarfloget North Austkapp Taggdalen Soraustkapp North Soraustkapp South Vesle Sandbukta Langlistupa South Kapp Wohlgemuth NAME OF POINT LATITUDE NORTH 71 09 35.26 70 09 25.10 71 08 44.89 71 06 35.00 71 01 16.67 71 01 08.70 71 00 58.89 71 00 47.58 71 00 17.96 LONGITUDE EAST 07 57 09.83 07 56 45.62 07 55 43.00 07 57 23.00 07 59 10.18 07 59 24.37 07 59 55.12 08 00 34.32 08 02 49.84 LATITUDE NORTH 57 57 41.97 57 57 30.64 57 57 41.20 57 57 59.83 57 58 30.24 58 02 55.46 58 05 34.06 58 06 28.24 58 13 03.51 58 18 27.10 58 49 58.87 58 56.07.26 58 57 55.16 58 58 36.67 58 56 53.04 58 56 32.18 LONGITUDE EAST 07 12 08.97 07 33 52.30 07 36 51.98 07 38 44.53 07 41 06.57 08 01 01.82 08 11 31.23 08 15 04.35 08 28 37.16 08 39 29.68 09 33 01.19 09 56 08.90 0 09 17.77 10 13 51.44 10 53 04.51 10 55 04.47

432

DoD 2005.1-M
NORWEGIAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: JAN MAYEN POINT 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. NAME OF POINT Presidentsteinen Eggoya Helenesanden Olonkinbyen East Makeskjera East Fyrtarnet Kjeglene Sorkapp Sjuskjera Hoybergodden Hoybergskjeret Trekantskjeret Punktskjeret Ytsteskjeret Fugleskjera Kapp Rudsen Lavastraumskjeret Brielletarnet Fugelberget Krosspyntsletta North Hudsonodden South Hudsonodden North Kapp Muyen Vakta South Vakta West Vakta Isneset Koksneset West Koksneset Koksneset East Nordskjeret Nordkapp Losbaten LATITUDE NORTH 70 59 28.00 70 58 00.00 70 55 43.00 70 55 24.00 70 51 58.00 70 51 34.23 70 49 55.22 70 49 31.04 70 49 39.82 70 51 49.05 70 51 51.96 70 52 20.95 70 52 34.71 70 52 41.70 70 54 47.59 70 56 03.00 70 56 32.00 70 58 41.00 71 00 11.00 71 02 25.00 71 03 53.00 71 04 08.00 71 05 08.00 71 06 51.00 70 07 18.01 71 07 20.33 71 08 36.83 71 09 29.69 71 09 31.23 71 09 32.15 71 09 38.32 71 09 37.46 70 55 31.00 LONGITUDE EAST 08 10 37.00 08 23 04.00 08 41 57.00 08 42 17.00 08 48 00.00 08 49 00.47 08 56 34.66 08 59 37.07 09 03 45.98 09 04 38.86 09 04 38.63 09 04 07.37 09 03 45.17 09 03 25.91 08 56 53.88 08 52 38.00 08 51 53.00 08 41 03.00 08 29 44.00 08 27 01.00 08 25 10.00 08 24 49.00 08 22 59.00 08 18 23.00 08 17 19.14 08 17 10.10 08 09 44.65 08 04 19.18 08 04 05.89 08 03 54.45 07 58 08.42 07 57 47.29 08 39 15.00

433

DoD 2005.1-M
Svalbard The following is extracted from the Royal Decree of 1 June 2001, on Regulations relating to the limits of the Norwegian territorial sea around Svalbard. The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has the honour to present the Regulations of 1 June 2001 relating to the limit of the Norwegian territorial sea around Svalbard. The regulations replace the Royal Decree of 25 September 1970 relating to the limit of the Norwegian territorial sea around Svalbard.... The Royal Decree of 25 September 1970 only laid down baseline points for the western parts of Svalbard. The new regulations of 1 June 2001 lay down baseline points for the entire archipelago.... The limit of the Norwegian territorial sea around Svalbard is to be drawn...outside and parallel to the straight lines between the points listed below by coordinates. No line is to be drawn between islands that are given separate headings in the list below. TABLE C1.T187. NORWEGIAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: SVALBARD NORWEGIAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: SVALBARD POINT NAME OF POINT LATITUDE NORTH HOPEN POINTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Skurnskjer Kapp Thor 1 Kapp Thor 2 Kapp Thor 3 Vesterodden 1 Vesterodden 2 Vesterodden 3 Vesterodden 4 Kvasstoppen SW Askheimodden Headland Bjornstranda N Namnloysa Lyngfjellet W W of Flatsalen 1 W of Flatsalen 2 W of Nordstefjeller Beisaren 1 Beisaren 2 Beisaren 3 E of Nordstefiellet 1 E of Nordstefjellet 2 Easternmost point 76 27 04.90 76 26 35.59 76 26 35.73 76 26 37.33 76 26 49.71 76 26 56.14 76 27 00.55 76 27 09.28 76 27 31.48 76 30 07.54 76 31 30.71 76 33 03.09 76 41 28.83 76 42 19.85 76 42 21.46 76 42 36.29 76 42 53.60 76 42 54.51 76 42 50.45 76 42 44.32 76 42 29.24 76 42 22.72 BJORNOYA POINTS 23 Framnes S 74 27 57.14 19 16 10.80 24 59 17.10 24 56 05.19 24 55 57.47 24 55 33.14 24 54 17.76 24 53 43.35 24 53 33.82 24 53 36.20 24 53 49.22 24 56 20.46 24 59 02.53 25 02 10.36 25 23 23.42 25 26 05.78 25 26 13.73 25 27 40.58 25 29 26.17 25 29 40.98 25 29 51.02 25 29 56.09 25 29 58.93 25 29 52.18 LONGITUDE EAST

434

DoD 2005.1-M
NORWEGIAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: SVALBARD POINT 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 NAME OF POINT Kapp Nordenskiold Kapp Levin Brettingsdalen SE Kapp Roalkvam Kapp Kolthoff Keilhauoua E Keilhauoua W Kapp Hanna Utstein Dragane Snyta Flisa Taggen Emmaholmane N Nordkapp Kapp Olsen W Kapp Olsen E/Havhestholmen Makestauren Kapp Forsberg Framnes N LATITUDE NORTH 74 27 31.47 74 26 59.67 74 26 01.24 74 21 30.57 74 20 30.73 74 20 04.37 74 20 06.26 74 25 37.28 74 28 10.35 74 28 50.90 74 29 34.44 74 29 46.15 74 29 59.91 74 30 31.77 74 30 55.76 74 30 50.54 74 30 47.02 74 30 29.80 74 30 21.12 74 27 57.73 KONG KARLS LAND POINTS 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Kapp Weissenfels Kukenthalfjellet 1 Kukenthalfjellet 2 Kapp Hammerfest 1 Kapp Hammerfest 2 Kapp Hammerfest 3 Kapp Hammerfest 4 Antarcticoya Kapp Walter Malmgrenodden 1 Malmgrenodden 2 Malmgrenodden 3 Malmgrenodden 4 78 42 44.06 78 40 19.14 78 39 40.25 78 38 20.12 78 38 18.39 78 38 18.23 78 38 19.67 78 40 06.17 78 43 11.33 78 47 11.16 78 47 48.47 78 48 20.49 78 48 32.05 27 03 55.75 26 58 40.41 26 56 29.33 26 44 53.05 26 44 33.24 26 44 19.06 26 44 05.29 26 37 52.49 26 29 16.33 26 22 11.06 26 21 38.93 26 21 35.59 26 21 56.80 LONGITUDE EAST 19 16 16.81 19 16 06.18 19 15 22.93 19 10 48.95 19 06 12.73 19 03 17.54 19 03 09.29 18 48 47.40 18 44 21.11 18 45 33.60 18 47 06.18 18 48 08.08 18 50 10.49 18 55 11.41 19 05 11.70 19 06 36.02 19 07 13.36 19 09 02.28 19 09 33.24 19 16 10.24

435

DoD 2005.1-M
NORWEGIAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: SVALBARD POINT 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 NAME OF POINT Malmgrenodden 5 Arnesenodden 1 Arnesenodden 2 Arnesenodden 3 Kennedyneset Nordneset Teistpynten Kapp Bruhl Lagtunga 1 Lagtunga 2 Headland S of Lagtunga 1 Headland S of Lagtunga 2 Bernoya Bremodden Rock S of Tirpitzoya Rock S of Kapp Altmann KVITOYA POINTS 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 Satellitthogda N Kvitoya NW 1 Kvitoya NW 2 Kvitoya NW 3 Kvitoya NW 4 Kvitoya NW 5 Kvitoya NW 6 (on the glacier) Kvitoya NW 7 (on the glacier) Kvitoya N (on the glacier) Kvitoya NE 1 (on the glacier) Kvitoya NE 2 (on the glacier) Kraemerpynten Kvitoya SE 1 Kvitoya SE 2 Hornodden 1 Hornodden 2 Lundquistskjera 80 07 03.81 80 08 40.36 80 10 07.36 80 11 04.01 80 12 59.71 80 13 10.50 80 15 23.34 80 16 56.68 80 19 00.00 80 17 55.79 80 14 29.44 80 13 45.28 80 11 07.81 80 10 26.80 80 08 33.45 80 08 28.89 80 01 49.44 31 28 24.59 31 29 39.61 31 33 42.13 31 38 10.28 31 52 49.77 31 54 34.20 32 04 55.93 32 18 32.65 32 51 25.14 33 07 40.98 33 26 56.37 33 30 58.74 33 28 56.89 33 27 31.33 33 23 05.41 33 22 48.88 31 40 00.05 LATITUDE NORTH 78 48 38.69 78 50 15.73 78 50 17.73 78 50 18.77 78 52 31.25 78 57 57.28 78 58 03.18 79 01 14.40 79 00 48.45 79 00 46.94 79 00 20.33 79 00 17.29 78 58 08.06 78 53 34.26 78 43 26.37 78 48 07.54 LONGITUDE EAST 26 22 24.21 26 30 42.76 26 31 12.06 26 31 29.69 27 49 45.55 28 22 09.44 28 23 27.18 30 22 12.43 30 24 35.24 30 24 41.41 30 25 10.48 30 25 08.08 30 14 50.17 29 38 09.78 28 39 49.94 28 03 54.92

436

DoD 2005.1-M
NORWEGIAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: SVALBARD POINT 90 91 92 93 94 95 NAME OF POINT W of Vindrabbane NW Kvalross-stranda Andreeneset S Andreeneset N Satellitthogda W Satellitthogda NW LATITUDE NORTH 80 03 17.03 80 04 50.89 80 05 02.36 80 05 30.73 80 06 34.21 80 06 59.14 LONGITUDE EAST 31 30 45.07 31 25 26.61 31 25 20.31 31 25 26.22 31 26 13.13 31 27 27.13

SPITSBERGEN/NORDAUSTLANDET/EDGEOYA, ETC., POINTS 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 Sorkappfallet Brattholmen Svartskjeret Brimingen Utskjeret (S. of Suffolkpynten) Dunoyane Svartesteinane (SW of Krohgryggen) Rock SW of Olsholmen Middagsskjera Dunderholmane Lagneset W Holme NW of St. Hansholmane Kapp Linne, Revleodden Agskjera SW (Daudmannsodden) Salskjera S Plankeholmane S Rock W of Gibsonpynten Rock off Kverodden Fidrasteinen N of headland Kapp Sietoe Niggbukta S Rock W of Fuglehuken 2 Rock W of Fuglehuken 1 Mitraskjeret Rock W of Trediebreen Rock W of Hamburgbukta 2 Rock W of Hamburgbukta 1 76 26 31.25 76 28 08.57 76 32 21.52 76 43 04.82 76 52 58.55 77 03 25.94 77 06 54.92 77 12 35.22 77 24 59.44 77 28 59.19 77 44 11.87 77 53 21.92 78 03 04.06 78 11 50.38 78 12 03.62 78 12 12.75 78 13 35.36 78 27 02.72 78 42 23.52 78 46 43.61 78 47 07.67 78 53 37.31 78 53 48.29 79 06 41.33 79 20 36.28 79 31 58.91 79 32 44.85 16 36 52.36 16 29 36.13 16 18 16.08 15 53 31.34 15 21 02.76 14 53 48.24 14 35 01.32 14 13 13.56 13 51 57.61 13 51 06.53 13 42 55.97 13 31 11.87 13 33 03.52 12 58 44.67 12 05 35.20 11 57 13.63 11 50 44.50 11 02 51.90 10 36 13.54 10 29 54.69 10 29 26.95 10 27 14.33 10 27 40.17 11 08 00.13 10 50 21.70 10 39 00.99 10 38 38.64

437

DoD 2005.1-M
NORWEGIAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: SVALBARD POINT 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 NAME OF POINT Ytterholmane N Ornenoya Kobbeskjera N Biskayarhuken Velkomstovnten Moffen 5 Moffen 4 Moffen 3 Moffen 2 Moffen 1 Verlegenhuken Langgrunnodden 2 Langgrunnodden 1 Rock W of Parryfjeller Rock W of Puchaneset Waldenoya Rossoya 4 Rossoya 3 (northernmost point of Norway) Rossoya 2 Rossoya 1 Posseneset, Martensoya Rock off Kapp Platen Karl XII-oya 3 Karl XII-oya 2 Karl XII-oya 1 Foynoya Austholmen Norvargodden Polarstarodden Storoya SE 3 Storoya SE 2 Storoya SE 1 Diorittodden Hakjerringa LATITUDE NORTH 79 46 05.38 79 52 18.48 79 54 28.15 79 50 30.59 79 52 50.07 80 02 08.97 80 02 11.05 80 02 14.96 80 02 17.61 80 02 18.90 80 03 44.93 80 07 43.40 80 09 33.79 80 18 24.54 80 20 57.75 80 37 42.14 80 49 42.96 80 49 44.41 80 49 44.37 80 49 43.69 80 42 08.60 80 30 28.61 80 39 46.52 80 39 47.09 80 39 47.17 80 27 31.19 80 12 39.83 80 08 41.08 80 08 22.64 80 07 01.12 80 06 39.64 80 06 32.50 80 04 47.81 79 55 12.12 LONGITUDE EAST 10 33 48.74 11 15 37.02 11 38 47.11 12 23 28.64 13 46 14.14 14 28.28.91 14 28 40.49 14 29 09.33 14 29 50.47 14 30 40.00 16 14 23.64 17 42 43.93 17 47 07.19 18 00 16.08 18 08 17.10 19 44 37.86 20 20 12.96 20 20 32.29 20 21 01.29 20 21 08.14 21 18 02.86 22 49 31.29 24 59 53.08 25 00 03.09 25 00 23.40 26 11 46.73 26 27 16.55 27 58 44.45 28 02 24.17 28 13 05.15 28 14 58.72 28 15 29.65 28 17 29.21 27 34 59.49

438

DoD 2005.1-M
NORWEGIAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: SVALBARD POINT 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 NAME OF POINT Einstoingen Isispynten Brasvellbreen 7 (on the glacier) Brasvellbreen 6 (on the glacier) Brasvellbreen 5 (on the glacier) Kiepertoya 1 Tobiesenoya Kapp Payer Kapp Ziehen Kapp Brehm 2 Kapp Brehm 1 Kapp Pechuel Losche Stonebreen (on the glacier) Ryke Yseoyane 5 Ryke Yseovane 4 Ryke Yseoyane 3 Ryke Yseoyane 2 Ryke Yseoyane 1 Boulder S. of Kong Johans Bre Halvmaneoya Tennholmane E Rock S of Teisten Vindholmen Haoyane 4 Haoyane 3 Haoyane 2 Haoyane 1 Utsira Kong Ludvigoyane W Kvalpynten Skjer NW of Kvalpynten Storfloskjeret Sporodden Schonrockfjellet LATITUDE NORTH 79 47 26.54 79 42 00.10 79 27 33.90 79 22 06.21 79 12 00.35 78 58 39.58 78 56 23.12 78 50 00.50 78 34 46.40 78 12 40.55 78 12 31.75 78 09 49.71 77 56 40.36 77 29 23.68 77 48 36.27 77 47 33.32 77 47 24.40 77 47 08.67 77 34 37.42 77 17 24.15 77 15 09.26 77 09 17.85 77 02 28.88 76 52 04.57 76 51 58.02 76 52 03.37 76 52 13.14 77 08 56.80 77 17 14.65 77 26 32.89 77 28 31.50 77 35 40.78 77 29 50.61 77 22 07.27 LONGITUDE EAST 27 09 54.82 26 41 08.23 25 46 49.25 25 22 57.61 24 00 05.89 21 48 32.80 21 44 33.40 21 29 41.96 21 56 31.64 23 06 04.66 23 06 27.08 23 10 15.00 24 15 43.16 25 09 26.47 25 09 20.02 25 08 49.62 25 08 41.36 25 07 39.64 23 50 01.70 23 15 53.42 23 10 47.64 22 55 10.78 22 32 41.05 21 47 19.36 21 39 54.80 21 39 08.05 21 38 17.33 21 27 08.72 21 16 17.47 20 51 43.53 20 39 30.44 19 56 03.81 18 13 35.94 17 33 50.98

439

DoD 2005.1-M
NORWEGIAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: SVALBARD POINT 191 192 193 194 195 196 NAME OF POINT Stepanovfjellet Davislaguna Skolthuken Tristeinane SE Flakskjeret Flakskjeret S LATITUDE NORTH 77 10 49.62 76 58 06.11 76 42 22.97 76 32 51.61 76 27 57.94 76 27 51.20 LONGITUDE EAST 17 24 30.74 17 17 18.34 17 08 45.86 17 02 39.35 16 47 37.76 16 47 08.67

440

DoD 2005.1-M

OMAN
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 81 Royal Decree No. 15/81 12nm Innocent passage (vice transit passage) through and over international straits. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted regular operational assertions (transits) between 1983 and 1996. Aug 89 Declaration upon Ratification of 1982 LOS Convention 12nm Innocent passage with prior permission for warships, nuclear-powered ships, submarines and ships carrying dangerous substances.

This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1991 and conducted operational assertions in 1991, 1992, 1996, and 1997. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 82 Notice Coordinates published. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS Jul 82 Royal Decree No. 38/82 Established straight baselines. U.S. does not recognize excessive baseline claims. (See LIS No. 113.) Diplomatic protest made in 1991. Operational assertions made in 19911993,1996 and 1997. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 89 Declaration upon 24nm Ratification of 1982 LOS Convention _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jul 72 Decree 1958 DEF Authorized agreements with neighboring states on limits of continental shelf. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Feb 81 Royal Decree No. 15/81 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Jan 75 Marine Pollution Control 38nm Pollution free zone. REGULATION Law Feb 82 Royal Decree No. 10/82 200nm Environmental protection. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES May 75 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Iran EIF. See LIS No. 67. Oct 92 Agreement Boundary agreement (land and maritime) between Oman and Yemen signed. Feb 81 Royal Decree No. 15/81

Maritime boundary agreement with Pakistan signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Jun 2000

Agreement

441

Feb 97 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is the text of a 1 June 1982 Government of Oman Notice specifying straight baseline coordinates. I, Yousuf Al Alawi Abdullah, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs; In pursuance of the Royal Decree Number 15/81 concerning the territorial sea and economic zone, and the Royal Decree Number 38/82 relating to the application of the straight baseline system for the demarcation of baselines for the territorial sea, the internal waters and the enclosed waters; Have hereby issued the following notification: Article 1 By application of Article 2, paragraph (c) of the Royal Decree Number 15/81 referred to above, the fixing of the straight baselines for any part of the Sultanate of Oman and the lines for enclosed waters lying between gulfs and bays and also the waters in between islands and the mainland coast shall be on the following basis: (a) The co-ordinates of latitudes and longitudes mentioned below shall determine the positions of points for drawing the straight baselines for the Sultanate of Oman. (b) The straight lines joining the points between the co-ordinates of latitudes and longitudes referred to in the preceding paragraph shall determine the straight baselines as provided by the Royal Decree Number 15/81. (c) The co-ordinates of latitudes and longitudes referred to shall also be the basis for the demarcation of the internal enclosed waters in the Sultanate: TABLE C1.T188. OMAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM OMAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT LATITUDE NORTH GROUP A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 2603'04.703" 2604'04" 2613'30" 2614'28" 2615'08" 2622'29" 2630'19" 2629'50" 2629'11" 2621'59" 2610'32" 5605'01.869" 5605'22" 5610'52" 5611'34" 5612'19" 5621'02" 5630'34" 5631'37" 5632'14" 5632'13" 5632'58" LONGITUDE EAST

442

DoD 2005.1-M
OMAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. LATITUDE NORTH 2605'02" 2556'30" 2548'32" 2545'10" 2537'32.345" GROUP B 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 2346'40" 2347'00" 2350'28" 2351'26" 2352'00" 2352'06" 2350'28" 2340'55" 2337'38" 2331'18" GROUP C 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 2057'18" 2041'29" 2041'08" 2030'12" 2030'00" 2016'29" 2012'44" 2010'36" 2009'18" 2020'30" 2019'12" GROUP D 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 1755'02" 1730'17" 1729'42" 1729'12" 1727'57" 5620'29" 5624'02" 5602'33" 5551'48" 5535'03" 5849'00" 5854'38" 5854'47" 5858'39" 5857'18" 5846'41" 5843'20" 5839'22" 5838'18" 5819'30" 5759'00" 5741'38" 5746'00" 5757'38" 5803'41" 5806'00" 5807'09" 5810'33" 5829'50" 5835'29" 5845'09" LONGITUDE EAST 5628'34" 5628'17" 5622'02" 5619'55" 5616'03.950"

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OMAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 43. LATITUDE NORTH 1724'00" LONGITUDE EAST 5517'02"

Article 2 The provisions of this Notice shall come into force from the date of issue of this Notice and it shall be published in the Official Gazette. U.S. ANALYSIS The following analysis of Oman's straight baseline system is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 113, "Straight Baseline Claims: Djibouti and Oman" of 22 April 1992. Oman consists of two non-contiguous regions separated by the United Arab Emirates. It occupies the northern extremity of the Ru'us (peninsula) al Jibal, comprising the Musandam Peninsula and offshore islands. The major territorial segment of Oman is situated in the south and west, below the 25th parallel of north latitude, along the shores of the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. Generally, Oman's coastline is quite smooth. The straight baseline claim involves less than half Oman's coastline. In those areas where straight baselines are not claimed the territorial sea is measured from the normal baseline, which, according to Article 5 of the LOS Convention "is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State." TABLE C1.T189. OMAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS OMAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: U.S. ANALYSIS SEGMENT LENGTH (MILES) GROUP "A" (Along the Musandam Peninsula) 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 1.03 10.63 1.15 0.95 10.73 11.59 1.06 0.85 7.18 11.44 6.76 8.51 9.74 3.86 8.36 SEGMENT LENGTH (MILES) GROUP "B" (Coastline near Muscat) 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 24-25 25-26 4.02 11.21 5.63 2.20 1.06 3.52 23.60 6.13 10.90

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OMAN STRAIGHT BASELINES: U.S. ANALYSIS SEGMENT LENGTH (MILES) GROUP "C" (Along Oman's east coast) 27-28 28-29 29-30 30-31 31-32 32-33 33-34 34-35 35-36 36-37 16.62 0.38 11.48 1.28 16.76 4.89 4.29 1.64 20.90 19.31 SEGMENT LENGTH (MILES) GROUP "D" (Along Oman's southeast coast) 38-39 39-40 40-41 41-42 42-43 24.88 20.54 10.29 16.06 17.67

Group "A": Basepoints 1-5 are located along a smooth coast with no islands thereby not justifying straight baselines. The claimed baselines have little effect on the territorial sea limit. Although point 6 is on an island, segment 5-6 essentially encloses two juridical bays. Segments 10-11 and 11-12 should be modified to ignore point 11. The Musandam Peninsula is deeply indented here, but the island on which point 11 is situated is the only island in the area, thus it alone would not constitute fringing islands. From point 10 straight lines could be drawn to connect the various headlands of the Musandam Peninsula to point 12. The coastline from point 12 to point 16 is relatively smooth, with small juridical bays. Instead of claiming straight baselines in this area, several bay closing lines would be more proper. Group "B": None of the baseline segments in Group B meet the requirements for straight baselines. The coastline in the Muscat region is quite smooth and the few small islets situated off the coast do not constitute fringing islands. Group "C": In Group "C" segment 36-37 properly closes a juridical bay. In this area there is only one large island, Al Masirah, which in itself does not constitute fringing islands. The mainland coast is not deeply indented. Segments 27-28 and 35-36 close off entrances to the Strait of Khawr Al Masirah. Group "D": The coastline in the area of Group "D" is smooth and the four small islands do not fringe the coast. Thus, this is not a proper place to draw straight baselines MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS OMAN - IRAN The following is extracted from the Continental Shelf Boundary Agreement between Oman and Iran (EIF May 1975). Article 1 The line dividing the continental shelf lying between the territory of Iran on the one side and the territory of Oman on the other side shall consist of geodetic lines between the following points in the sequence hereinafter set out: Point (1) is the most western point which is the intersection of the geodetic line drawn between point (0) having the coordinates 55 42' 15" E 26 14' 45" N and point (2) having the coordinates of 55 47' 45" E 26 16' 35" N with the lateral offshore boundary line between Oman and Ras Al-Khaimal.

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TABLE C1.T190. OMAN - IRAN CONTINENTAL SHELF BOUNDARY POINT 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 LATITUDE 55 47 45 55 52 15 56 06 45 56 08 35 56 10 25 56 14 30 56 16 30 56 19 40 56 33 00 56 41 00 56 44 00 56 45 15 56 47 45 56 47 30 56 48 05 56 47 50 56 48 00 56 50 15 56 49 50 56 51 30 LONGITUDE 26 16 35 26 18 50 26 28 40 26 31 05 26 32 50 26 35 25 26 35 35 26 37 00 26 42 15 26 44 15 26 41 35 26 39 40 26 35 15 26 25 15 26 22 00 26 16 30 26 11 35 26 03 05 25 58 05 25 45 20

Point (22) is the most southern point located at the intersection of the geodetic demarcation line drawn from point (21) (specified above) at an azimuth angle of 190 00' 00" and the lateral offshore boundary line between Oman and Sharjah. OMAN - PAKISTAN The following is extracted from the Muscat Agreement on the Delimitation of the Maritme Boundary between Oman and Pakistan, signed 12 June 2000. The delimitation of the maritime boundary between the exclusive economic zones of the Sultanate of Oman and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan shall be based on the median line principle, in conformity with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982. TABLE C1.T191. OMAN - PAKISTAN MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 LATITUDE 23 20 48 23 15 22 23 11 40 LONGITUDE 61 25 00 61 32 48 61 38 11

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POINT 4 5 6 7 8 9 LATITUDE 22 56 35 22 54 37 22 05 01 22 05 01 21 57 13 21 47 24 OMAN - YEMEN The following is extracted from the International Boundary Agreement between Oman and Yemen, signed 1 October 1992. Article 2 The boundary line between the Sultanate of Oman and the Republic of Yemen begins from the principal point at Ras Darbat Ali (the Rock), numbered as point No. 1, at the intersection of the geographical coordinates of parallel 16 degrees 39 minutes 3.83 seconds North and meridian 53 degrees 6 minutes 30.88 seconds East, and ends at the principal point numbered as point 8 at the geographic alignment of the intersection of parallel 190 degrees north with meridian 52 degrees East, and the boundary line extends between the two principal points whose coordinates are set forth above passing through points 2, 3, 4, 4a, 4b, 4, 5, 6 and 7, in accordance with the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T192. OMAN - YEMEN MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 2 3 4 4a 4b 5 6 7 LATITUDE 17 17 7.91 N 17 17 40 N 17 18 6.93 N 17 18 8.87 N 17 18 8.42 N 17 18 15 N 17 18 21 N 17 20 59.04 N LONGITUDE 52 48 44.22 E 52 44 45 E 52 44 33.50 E 52 44 34.24 E 52 44 35.57 E 52 45 05 E 52 45 02 E 52 46 55.83 E LONGITUDE 62 00 51 62 03 50 62 25 17 63 08 23 63 14 21 63 22 13

Article 3 The extension of the separating boundary line continues from the extremity of the principal point on the shore (Ras Darbat Ali) in the direction of the territorial waters until the limit of the economic zone.

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PAKISTAN
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 76 Territorial Waters & 12nm Foreign warships must obtain permission Maritime Zones Act, 1976 prior to transiting territorial sea; foreign supertankers, nuclear-powered ships, and ships carrying nuclear or other noxious materials must give prior notification. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested in 1982 and 1997, and conducted operational assertions in 1986, 1991, 1996, 1998, and 1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Dec 76 Territorial Waters & Enabling legislation for straight baselines STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Maritime Zones Act, 1976 and declaration of historic waters. HISTORIC CLAIMS Aug 96 MOFA Notification Established straight baselines. The U.S. does not recognize the excessive straight baselines claim and protested in 1997 and 1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Dec 76 Territorial Waters & 24nm Enacted security zone as part of Maritime Zones Act, 1976 jurisdiction claimed within contiguous zone. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1997 and conducted operational assertions in 1986, 1991, 1996, 1998, and 1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 76 Territorial Waters & CM/ Same claims to jurisdiction as in EEZ. Maritime Zones Act, 1976 200nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Dec 76 Territorial Waters & 200nm Claimed authority to regulate passage of Maritime Zones Act, 1976 foreign ships through "designated areas" of EEZ. Feb 97 Declaration upon Ratification of 1982 LOS Convention Prior permission requirement for foreign warships to conduct military exercises and maneuvers in the EEZ. Freedom of navigation and overflight recognized but foreign state aircraft must file flight plans with civil aviation authority.

The U.S. does not recognize these excessive claims. U.S. protested claims in 1982 and 1997 and conducted operational assertions in 1986, 1991 and 1998. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Dec 76 Territorial Waters & 200nm Exclusive jurisdiction claimed within EEZ. REGULATION Maritime Zones Act, 1976 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 2000 Agreement EEZ Agreement with Oman. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Ratified Convention, with Declarations enumerated above. Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The government of Pakistan published a Ministry of Foreign Affairs Notification in the 29 August 1996 The Gazette of Pakistan that included a listing of geographic coordinates defining the straight baselines for Pakistan. From these straight baselines Pakistan will measure the breadth of its territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, and continental shelf. These baselines are claimed by authorization given in the 1976 Pakistan law on Territorial Waters and Maritime Zones Act. The baseline from which the limits of the territorial waters, the Contiguous Zone, the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf shall be measured is specified below. [There was no point (i) in the listing published in The Gazette of Pakistan.] TABLE C1.T193. PAKISTAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT a b c d e f g h j k LATITUDE NORTH 2502.20 2500.95 2505.30 2506.30 2509.00 2518.20 2449.45 2352.80 2347.30 2333.90 LONGITUDE EAST 6135.50 6146.80 6221.00 6351.01 6435.20 6511.60 6640.00 6726.80 6735.90 6807.80

The waters within the aforesaid straight baseline shall form the internal waters of Pakistan. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT PAKISTAN - OMAN The following is extracted from the Muscat Agreement on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Pakistan and Oman, signed 12 June 2000. The delimitation of the maritime boundary between the exclusive economic zones of the Sultanate of Oman and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan shall be based on the median line principle, in conformity with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982.

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TABLE C1.T194. PAKISTAN - OMAN MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LATITUDE 23 20 48 23 15 22 23 11 40 22 56 35 22 54 37 22 05 01 22 05 01 21 57 13 21 47 24 LONGITUDE 61 25 00 61 32 48 61 38 11 62 00 51 62 03 50 62 25 17 63 08 23 63 14 21 63 22 13

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PALAU
Palau gained independence on 1 October 1994 with the entry into force of the Compact of Free Association with the United States. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Nov 78 PL 6-7-14 4, modified 3nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Nov 78 PL 6-7-14 4 12nm Exclusive fishery zone. Nov 78 PL 6-7-14 6 200nm Extended fishery zone. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Sep 96 Acceded to Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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PANAMA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jun 96 Law No. 38 12nm Rolled back 1967 excessive claim of a 200nm territorial sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 56 Law No. 9 Claimed the Gulf of Panama as historic STRAIGHT BASELINES, & bay (from Punta Mala to Punta Jaque). HISTORIC CLAIMS This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1956 and 1988. Repeated claim of Gulf of Panama as historic bay. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jun 96 Law No. 38 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 96 Law No. 38 200nm/ CM _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 96 Law No. 38 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Nov 77 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Colombia (Caribbean and Pacific) EIF. Maritime boundary agreement with Costa Rica (Caribbean and Pacific) EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention, with Declaration reiterating claim to Gulf of Panama. Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ HISTORIC WATERS LEGISLATION The following is extracted from Law Number 9 of 30 January 1956 claiming the Gulf of Panama as an historic bay. Concerning authorizations to the Executive Organ with relation to the exercise of national sovereignty over the Gulf of Panama as a historic bay The National Assembly of Panama, Considering: That because of its geographic configuration and its vital interest and necessity to the nation, the Republic of Panama and its predecessors in dominion over the Isthmus of Panama have been exercising sovereignty over the waters of the Gulf of Panama in the Pacific Ocean from time immemorial; That the territorial character of the gulf under reference and the exercise of Panamanian sovereignty over it always had the tacit acquiescence of all states; That Panama is exclusive owner and sovereign of all the shores which border the reference gulf; That in view of the circumstances and reasons expressed, the Gulf of Panama in the Pacific Ocean is a historic bay consistent with international law, over which the Republic possesses and exercises the attributes, powers and competences inherent to sovereignty. Decrees: Jul 96 Feb 82 Agreement Jun 96 Law No. 38

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Article 1 Authorization is conferred on the Executive Organ to dictate such measures or regulations as may be necessary for the control of navigation on the waters of the Gulf of Panama, the regulation of mobile and sedentary fisheries, and in general for the protection, conservation and exploitation of the marine species and all kinds of natural resources which may be produced or may exist in said waters and their underlying soil and subsoil. Article 2 For the effects of this law the Gulf or Bay of Panama in the Pacific Ocean is constituted by the maritime area between the continental body of the Isthmus of Panama and an imaginary straight line running from West to East, from Punta Mala on the Peninsula of Azuero to Punta Jaque on the Darien Coast. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS PANAMA - COLOMBIA The following is extracted from the Agreement between Panama and Colombia Delimiting the Boundaries in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean (signed November 1976, EIF November 1977). A. In the Caribbean Sea: 1. The median line all points on which are equidistant from the closest points on the base lines from which the width of each nation's territorial sea is measured, from the point at which the international land boundary touches the sea at Cab Tiburon (841'7.3"north latitude and 7721'50.9" west longitude) to the point situated at 1230'00" north latitude and 7800'00" west longitude. In accordance with the principle of equidistance agreed upon herein, with the exception of some minor deviations that have been approved to simplify the route, the median line in the Caribbean Sea is comprised of straight lines drawn between the following points: TABLE C1.T195. PANAMA - COLOMBIA MARITIME BOUNDARY: CARIBBEAN SEA POINT Point A: Point B: Point C: Point D: Point E: Point F: Point G: Point H: LATITUDE NORTH 08 41' 7.3" 09 09' 00" 09 27' 00" 10 28' 00" 11 27' 00" 12 00' 00" 12 19' 00" 12 30' 00" LONGITUDE WEST 77 21' 50.9" 77 13' 00" 77 03' 00" 77 15' 00" 77 34' 00" 77 43' 00" 77 49' 00" 78 00' 00"

2. Starting at the point situated at 1230'00" north latitude and 7800'00" west longitude, the delimitation of the marine and submarine areas belonging to each of the two nations consists of a series of straight lines drawn between the following points: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T195. POINT Point H: Point I: Point J: Point K: Point L: LATITUDE NORTH 12 30' 00" 12 30' 00" 11 50' 00" 11 50' 00" 11 00' 00" LONGITUDE WEST 78 00' 00" 79 00' 00" 79 00' 00" 80 00' 00" 80 00' 00"

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POINT Point M: LATITUDE NORTH 11 00' 00" LONGITUDE WEST 81 15' 00"

B. In the Pacific: 1. The median line all [sic] points on which are equidistant from the closest points on the baselines from which the width of each nation's territorial sea is measured, from the point at which the international land boundary touches the sea at 712'39.3" north and 7753'20.9" west longitude to the point situated at 500'00" north latitude and 7952'00" west longitude. In accordance with the principle of equidistance agreed upon herein, wit the exception of some minor deviations that have been approved to simplify the route, the median line in the Pacific Ocean is comprised of straight lines drawn between the following points: TABLE C1.T196. PANAMA - COLOMBIA MARITIME BOUNDARY: PACIFIC OCEAN POINT Point A: Point B: Point C: Point D: Point E: Point F: LATITUDE NORTH 07 12' 39.3" 06 44' 00" 06 28' 00" 06 16' 00" 06 00' 00" 05 00' 00" LONGITUDE WEST 77 53' 20.9" 78 18' 00" 78 47' 00" 79 03' 00" 79 14' 00" 79 52' 00"

2. Starting at the point situated at 500'00" north latitude and 7952'00" west longitude, the delimitation of the marine and submarine areas belonging to each of the two nations consists of parallel 500'00" as far as the location where the delimitation must be made with a third nation. PANAMA - COSTA RICA The following is extracted from the Maritime Boundary Agreement between Panama and Costa Rica (Caribbean and Pacific) (EIF February 1982). Article I [The Republic of Costa Rica and the Republic of Panama have decided] to establish as the boundary between their marine areas the following lines: (1) In the Caribbean Sea: The median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each state is measured in accordance with public international law; from the termination of the land boundary between the two countries, at a point located in the mouth of the Sixaola River, latitude 09 34' 16" N, longitude 82 34' 00" W, along a straight line to a point located at latitude 10 49' 00" N, longitude 81 26' 08.2" W, where the boundaries of Costa Rica, Columbia and Panama intersect. (2) In the Pacific Ocean: The median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each state is measured in accordance with international public law; the boundary between the maritime areas of the two countries shall consist of a straight line starting at the southernmost point of land boundary at Punta Burica and terminating at a point at latitude 05 00' 00" N and longitude 84 19' 00" W. Article II [The parties will] accept and respect the ways in which each of the two states currently exercises, or may exercise in the future, its sovereignty, jurisdiction, protection, control, or rights in the marine areas adjacent to its coasts, as delimited by this treaty, in accordance with the measures that each country has established or may establish in the future and with the regulations of its domestic law.

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Article III The Republic of Panama, in view of the great importance of specific recognition by the Republic of Costa, as a neighboring country, of the Gran Golfo de Panama (Gulf of Panama) as an historic bay, has requested such recognition from Costa Rica. The Republic of Costa Rica, aware that its specific recognition that the Gran Golfo de Panama (Gulf of Panama) has the nature of an historic bay is very important insofar as the incontestiblity of that nature is concerned, declares that it does not object to provisions to that effect set forth by the Republic of Panama in its Law No. 9 of January 30, 1956.

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PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Jul 82

Agreement

Jan 89

Agreement

Jul 91 Treaty EEZ boundary agreement with Micronesia. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINES LEGISLATION Following is the text of Instrument (note verbale): Declaration of the baselines by method of coordinates of base points for purposes of the location of archipelagic baselines, July 2002. Location of archipelagic baselines and coordinates of the Principal Archipelago: Jan 97

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TABLE C1.T197. PAPUA NEW GUINEA ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM PAPUA NEW GUINEA ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM ISLANDS AND HIGH-WATER ELEVATION FEATURES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Wuvulu Island Aua Island Mame Island Palitolla Island (Pellelehu Group) Heina Islands Sae Islands Kaniet Island Marengan Island Ahet Island Poman Island Andra Island Hapinbuch Island Hus Island Onpeta Island Mandrindr Island Pityilu Island Hauwei Island Ndrito Island Koruniat Island Los Negros Island Pak Island Tong Island Towi Island Putuli Island Mbatmanda Island Mussau Island Emirau Island Elomusao Island Enus Island Simberi Island Mahur Island NAME OF POINT GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES (WGS 84 Geodetic Datum) LONGITUDE SOUTH 2 35 36.85423 1 27 22.85387 1 18 35.85383 1 04 32.85376 1 06 34.85377 0 45 27.85368 0 52 27.85371 1 54 07.85401 1 54 24.85401 1 54 22.85401 1 56 04.85402 1 56 19.85402 1 56 19.85402 1 56 34.85402 1 56 59.85402 1 57 19.85402 1 57 32.85403 1 57 37.85403 1 58 16.85403 1 58 24.85403 2 03 59.85406 2 02 07.85405 1 59 49.85404 1 58 57.85403 1 58 17.85403 1 18 52.85383 1 37 26.85392 1 40 33.85394 1 38 43.85393 2 35 49.85424 2 46 11.85430 LATITUDE EAST 142 49 52.0 143 02 53.0 143 34 35.0 144 23 46.0 144 29 18.0 145 18 10.0 145 33 55.0 146 34 45.0 146 36 10.0 146 52 30.0 146 59 55.0 147 01 03.0 147 06 13.0 147 07 58.0 147 11 23.0 147 13 08.0 147 17 18.0 147 19 56.0 147 21 05.0 147 21 58.0 147 39 20.0 147 45 40.0 174 55 48.0 148 01 40.0 148 03 58.0 149 32 53.0 149 57 30.0 150 01 50.0 150 40 18.0 151 59 45.0 152 39 40.0

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PAPUA NEW GUINEA ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM ISLANDS AND HIGH-WATER ELEVATION FEATURES POINT 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Boang Island Malum Island Southern Nigeria Islands Anusagaio Island Islands & low-water points around the southeast & south coast of Bougainville to Kabukelai Island Motupena Point Puruata Island Islands & low-water points along the northwest coast of Bougainville to Cape Rungnoum Cape St. George (New Ireland) Cape Orford (New Britain) Islands & low-water points along the south coast of New Britain to Kauptimete Island Tami Island Mitre Rock Cape Nelson Kanapu Island Gwadarab Island Kuaniagal Island Simlindon Island Kudai Island Bomatu Point (Kiriwina Island) Iwa Island Dugumenu CarnPoint (Madau Island) Woodlark Island Cannac Island Wabomat Island Budelun Island Bukulan Island Tokona Island Cape Henry (Misima Island) Renard Islands 4 51 12.85513 5 26 54.85540 6 11 10.85576 6 45 59.85606 8 03 14.85677 8 59 54.87535 8 20 44.85695 8 18 14.85692 8 20 34.85695 8 19 36.85694 8 19 36.85694 8 24 11.85698 8 41 47.85716 8 47 54.85722 8 56 42.85731 9 00 21.85735 9 16 07.85752 9 15 31.85751 9 17 16.85753 9 18 21.85754 9 34 17.85771 10 39 41.85844 10 48 21.85854 152 52 40.0 152 05 00.0 148 57 05.0 147 54 38.0 148 07 50.0 149 15 00.0 150 07 05.0 150 06 33.0 150 25 30.0 150 34 20.0 150 49 00.0 151 07 13.0 151 40 40.0 151 55 18.0 152 27 00.0 152 47 25.0 153 30 25.0 153 40 15.0 153 41 48.0 153 40 35.0 152 29 18.55400 152 52 00.55400 152 59 40.55400 NAME OF POINT GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES (WGS 84 Geodetic Datum) LONGITUDE SOUTH 3 22 14.85452 3 06 22.85442 3 15 14.85447 6 03 36.85570 6 57 29.85616 6 31 37.85593 6 14 57.85579 LATITUDE EAST 153 19 55.0 154 26 25.0 154 40 28.0 155 30 30.0 155 30 30.0 155 09 30.0 155 01 38.0

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PAPUA NEW GUINEA ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM ISLANDS AND HIGH-WATER ELEVATION FEATURES POINT 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 Rossel Island Loa Boloba Island Tagula Island Duchateau island Monternont Island Punawan Island Duperre Islets Lejeune Island Long Reef Island Quessant Island Steuers Island Dumoulin Island Harikoia Island Brumer Island Baibesiga Island Suau Island NAME OF POINT GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES (WGS 84 Geodetic Datum) LONGITUDE SOUTH 11 17 33.85889 11 26 59.85900 11 37 39.85913 11 16 57.85888 11 18 22.85890 11 11 44.85882 11 10 41.85881 11 10 34.85880 11 09 14.85879 11 09 21.85879 11 06 11.85875 10 55 29.85863 10 46 09.85852 10 46 17.85852 10 44 04.85849 10 43 37.85849 LATITUDE EAST 154 12 38.55400 154 23 52.55400 153 45 52.55400 152 22 15.55400 152 17 57.55400 152 01 40.55400 151 57 20.55400 151 48.55.55400 151 40 10.55400 151 15 20.55400 151 07 52.55400 150 47 18.55400 150 24 38.55400 150 21 45.55400 150 17 00.55400 150 14 28.55400

MARITIME BOUNDARIES PAPUA NEW GUINEA - AUSTRALIA - INDONESIA U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 87, "Territorial Sea and Continental Shelf Boundaries: Australia and Papua New Guinea - Indonesia" of 20 August 1979. As a consequence of a series of three agreements, the Governments of Australia and Papua New Guinea, on the one hand, and Indonesia, on the other, have delimited territorial sea and continental shelf boundaries between the respective states. The agreements create, north of the island of New Guinea, a single-segment boundary extending northward from the shore for a distance of approximately 27 miles. The boundary terminates in water depths approaching 1500 fathoms (2,743 meters). In the south, the boundary extends along the western reaches of the Torres Strait and the Arafura Sea and stops near the limits of the former portuguese territory of Timo. After the Timor gap, an area currently undelimited, the maritime boundary resumes and is delimited southwestward through the Timor Sea. On December 18, 1978, Papua New Guinea and Australia signed a treaty at Sydney concerning sovereignty and maritime boundaries in the area between the two countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and related matters. The boundary between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, in the Pacific Ocean north of the Island of New Guinea, extends nearly due north from the coastal terminus of the land boundary to a point approximately 27 miles seaward. Because both states claim 12-mile territorial sea breadths, the single-segment boundary serves as both a territorial sea and, in part, a continental shelf boundary. The geologic shelf north of the island, however, is very narrow; and within a few miles of the shoreline, water depths in excess of 6,000 feet (1,829 meters) are encountered. As a result, the terminus of the shelf boundary is approximately 9,000 feet (2,743 meters) of water, well beyond existing limits of exploitability.

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In the south, the maritime boundaries pass through the Arafura Sea in the east and the Timor Sea in the west. The Arafura Sea extends approximately from the limit of the Torres Strait westward to the island of Timor. [T]he boundary between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea in the north consists of a line connecting two points, C1 - situated at 28'30"S. and 141E., and C2 - situated at 28'30"S. and 1411'30"E. C1 marks the terminus of the land boundary. C2, situated 27.14 miles seaward, is approximately equidistant from the main cape north of Djajapura and an unnamed cape on the New Guinea coastline. Between points C1 AND C2, the boundary is not equidistant from the respective national baselines. In the south, the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea maritime boundary extends from point B3 through B2, B1, A1, A2, and terminates at A3. These turning points have the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T198. PAPUA NEW GUINEA - INDONESIA MARITIME BOUNDARY: U.S. ANALYSIS POINT COORDINATES DISTANCE BETWEEN POINTS (MILES) land terminus 17.45 B2 923'S., 14052'E. 2.89 B1 924'30"S., 14049'30"E 952'S., 14029'E. 53.06 A2 1024'S., 13936'E. 42.32 A3 1050'S., 13912'E. Total 149.85

98'8"S., 1411'10"E.

34.13

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PERU
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 47 Presidential Decree No. 200nm 781 Aug 52 Joint Declaration on the Maritime Zone 200nm With Chile and Ecuador, claimed 200nm territorial seas. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1948, 1986, 1987, 1988 and 1992; and conducted operational assertions in 1980, 19851988, 1990-1994 (overflights). Nov 65 Jul 79 Law No. 15720 Constitution, Arts. 98/99 200nm 200nm Sovereignty over airspace. Airspace; preserved freedoms of "international communication."

Dec 93 Constitution, Article 54 200nm Reiterates excessive claim. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 47 Presidential Decree No. 200nm 781 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 47 Presidential Decree No. 200nm Exclusive fishing zone. 781 Supreme Decree No. 22 Regulated foreign fishing in 200nm (amended 1965) territorial sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Aug 52 Joint Declaration on the Maritime boundary agreement with Chile Maritime Zone and Ecuador EIF, whereby each declares a 200nm territorial sea. Feb 75 Agreement Agreement with Ecuador EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Voted for, did not sign Convention. Has not ratified. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS PERU - CHILE U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding an agreement between Chile and Peru, proclaimed on 18 August 1952, are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 86, "Maritime Boundary: Chile-Peru" of 2 July 1979. Although according to the 1952 declaration the maritime zone of each state is bounded by the specific parallel of latitude on which the seaward terminus of the land territory is situated, the agreed-upon parallel of latitude is actually located slightly to the north of the land boundary terminus. The maritime boundary extends along the 18 23'03" parallel of South latitude, which coincides with the parallel of latitude on which the PeruChile land boundary marker No. 1 has been placed. Marker No. 1 lies a short distance to the northeast of the Chile-Peru coastal boundary point. Jan 56

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The seaward limit of the maritime boundary is not clearly defined in the declaration. On [the map attached to this LIS] the maritime boundary is depicted as extending 200 nm from each coast. Owing to coastal configurations, the Peruvian segment of the boundary extends farther seaward than the Chilean segment. Point C on the map is situated 200 nm from Chile (i.e., from the land boundary terminus that is the nearest point on the Chilean coast); however, this point is approximately 120 nm from the nearest point on Peru's coast. The point on this parallel of latitude 200 nm from Peru (i.e., from Pta. San Juan) is not reached until point P; this point is more than 360 nm from the land boundary terminus. The maritime boundary traverses rather deep water; depths reach 2,500-3,000 fathoms (1500-1800 feet). Areas of less than 100 fathoms are virtually non-existent along this portion of the South American coast. PERU - ECUADOR The following excerpts from an agreement between Ecuador and Peru, and the analysis which follows, are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 88, "Maritime Boundary: Ecuador-Peru" of 2October 1979. IV ...The maritime zone of an island or group of islands belonging to one declarant country and situated less than 200 nm from the general maritime zone of another declarant country shall be bounded by the parallel of latitude drawn from the point of which the land frontier between the two countries reaches the sea. U.S. ANALYSIS The Ecuador-Peru maritime boundary and the special maritime frontier zone are illustrated on the map [attached to LIS No. 88]. According to the 1952 Declaration on the Maritime Zone, the maritime boundary extends seaward on the parallel of latitude of the seaward terminus of the land boundary. Hito, or pillar, No. 1, established by the Rio de Janeiro Protocol in 1942 and demarcated by the Ecuador-Peru Mixed Demarcation Commission, is situated at Boca de Capones at 3 23'33.96"S., 80 19'16"W. There seems to be some question as to whether this point defines the latitude of the maritime boundary. An aide-memoire received by the United States Government from the Ecuadorean Government described the boundary in the following manner: The de jure boundary line between Ecuador and Peru begins in the mouth of the Tumbes River in the Pacific Ocean. Consequently, the parallel which by law should serve as the maritime boundary between Ecuador and Peru has the following latitudinal coordinates: 3 23'33.96" S. The de facto maritime boundary which corresponds to the Boca Capones parallel, the point at which the 1942 line reaches the sea, has the following coordinates: 3 13'33.96" S.

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PHILIPPINES
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jun 61 Republic Act No. 3046 Varies; Claimed "historical" territorial waters up to based on Treaty of Paris (1898), US-Spain 285nm Treaty (1900) and US-UK Treaty (1930). This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1986 and conducted operational assertions in 1994 and 1998-2003. Jan 73 Constitution Claimed all waters "around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, irrespective of their breadth and dimensions," as internal waters.

This claim is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 61 Republic Act No. 3046 Established straight baselines creating STRAIGHT BASELINES, & archipelagic system. HISTORIC CLAIMS This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1961, 1969, and 1986 and conducted operational assertions 1979-92 and 1997-2003. Sep 68 Republic Act No. 5446 Amendments to baseline system (to correct typographical errors). Declared 33 islands, cays, shoals and reefs contained in a delimited area (Kalayaan) of the Spratly Islands to be Philippine territory.

Jun 78

Presidential Decree No. 1596

This claim is disputed by China, Taiwan, Vietnam and Malaysia. The U.S. takes no position on the validity of the disputed claims to the Spratly Islands. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Mar 68 Presidential Proclamation EXP No. 370 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 78 Presidential Decree No. 200nm EEZ and fishing zone. 1599 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Jun 78 Presidential Decree No. 200nm Exclusive jurisdiction for prevention and 1599 control claimed within EEZ. REGULATION _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention, with Declaration preserving rights under the Treaty of Paris of 1898, Treaty of Washington of 1930, and Mutual Defense Treaty of 1951; asserted sovereignty over archipelagic sea lanes and that archipelagic waters in general are similar to internal waters. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ May 84

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TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION, Nov 94 Signed Part XI Agreement. Continued Jul 97 Ratified Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINES LEGISLATION Following are extracts from Act No. 3046 of June 1961 (as amended by Act No. 5446 of September 1968), establishing the Philippine straight baseline system. TABLE C1.T199. PHILIPPINES STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM PHILIPPINES STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM LOCATION Y'ami Island (E) Line 1 (Y'ami I. (E) - Tumaruk Rk.) LATITUDE NORTH 2107'03" LONGITUDE EAST 12157'24" 35327' 71,656 AZIMUTH DISTANCE (m)

Tumaruk Rk. Line 2 (Tumaruk Rk. -Balintang Is.)

2028'28"

12202'06" 34713' 58,105

Balintang Islands Line 3 (Balintang Is. - Didicas Rk.)

1957'45"

12209'28" 35705' 97,755

Didicas Rk. Line 4 (Didicas Rk. - Iligan Pt.

1904'50"

12212'18" 35039' 86,155

Iligan Pt. Line 5 (Iligan Pt. - Ditolong Pt.)

1818'45"

12220'15" 35123' 136,030

Ditolong Pt. Line 6 (Ditolong Pt. - Diviuisa Pt.)

1705'50"

12231'44" 1656' 34,378

Diviuisa Pt. Line 7 (Diviuisa Pt. - Dijohan Pt.)

1648'00"

12226'06" 2101' 57,781

Dijohan Pt. Line 7a (Dijohan Pt. - Bulubalik Pt.)

1618'45"

122"14'28" 1052' 142,360

Bulubalik Pt.

1502'56"

12159'30"

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PHILIPPINES STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM LOCATION Line 8 (Bulubalik Pt. - Tinaga I.) LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST AZIMUTH 30015' DISTANCE (m) 120,986

Tinaga I. Line 9 (Tinaga I. - Horadaba Rks.)

1429'45"

12257'40" 28627' 148,690

Horadaba Rks. Line 10 (Horadaba Rks. - Matulin Rk.)

1406'41"

12416'54" 30634' 1,083

Matulin Rk. Line 11 (Matulin Rk. - Atalaya Pt.)

1406'20"

12417'23" 33146' 178,480

Atalaya Pt. Line 11a (Atalaya Pt. - Finch Rk.)

1240'59"

12504'02" 31330' 22,268

Finch Rk. Line 12 (Finch Rk. - SE of Manjud Pt.)

1232'40"

12512'57" 31356' 12,665

SE Manjud Pt. Line 12a (SE of Manjud Pt. - Sora Cay

1227'54"

12517'59" 32227' 14,225

Sora Cay Line 13 (Sora Cay - Bunga Pt.

1221'47"

12522'46" 32103' 22,793

Bunga Pt. Line 13a (Bunga Pt. - Tubabao I.)

1212'10"

12530'40" 33150' 12,686

Tubabao I. Line 14 (Tubabao I. - Tugnug Pt.)

1206'06"

12533'58" 35522' 83,235

Tugnug Pt. Line 15 (Tugnug Pt. - Suluan I.)

1121'06"

12537'40" 33103' 75,326

Suluan Island Line 16 (Suluan I. - Tuason Pt.)

1045'20"

12557'40" 34751' 107,070

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PHILIPPINES STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM LOCATION LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST AZIMUTH DISTANCE (m)

Tuason Pt. Line 17 (Tuason Pt. - Cauit Pt.)

948'33"

12610'00" 35525' 55,415

Cauit Pt. Line 18 (Cauit Pt. - Arangasa Is.)

918'35"

12612'25" 34244' 49,703

Arangasa Is. Line 19 (Arangasa Is. - Quinablangan I.)

852'50"

12620'28" 34840' 131,330

Quinablanagan I. Line 19a (Quinablanagan I. - Above Languyan R.)

742'58"

12634'30" 35308' 25,619

Above Languyan R. Line 20 (Above Languyan R. - Pusan Pt.)

729'10"

12636'10" 35652' 22,489

Pusan Pt. Line 21 (Pusan Pt. - Tugubun Pt.)

716'59"

12636'50" 2639' 36,259

Tugubun Pt. Line 22 (Tugubun Pt. - Cape S. Agustin (N))

659'24"

12628'00" 2033' 83,350

Cape San Agustin (N) Line 22a (Cape S. Agustin (N) - Cape San Agustin (S))

617'03"

12612'08" 2016' 1,707

Cape San Agustin (S) Line 23 (Cape S. Agustin (S) - Panguil Bato Pt.)

616'15"

12611'40" 3923' 125,100

Panguil Bato Pt. Line 23a (Panguil Bato Pt. - Tapundo Pt.)

523'45"

12528'42" 6632' 7,484

Tapundo Pt. Line 24 (Tapundo Pt. - Manamil I.)

522'08"

12524'59" 8919' 7,667

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PHILIPPINES STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM LOCATION Manamil I. Line 24a (Manamil I. - Balut I. (W)) LATITUDE NORTH 522'05" LONGITUDE EAST 12520'50" 13901' 3,051 AZIMUTH DISTANCE (m)

Balut I. (W) Line 25 (Balut I. (W) - Middle of 3 Rk. Awash)

523'20"

12519'45" 12447' 149,840

Middle of 3 Rk. Awash Line 26 (Middle of 3 Rk. Awash - Tongquil I.)

609'39"

12413'02" 8618' 259,400

Tongquil I. Line 27 (Tongquil I. - Sumbasumba I.)

600'15"

12152'45" 6129' 115,950

Sumbasumba I. Line 28 (Sumbasumba I. - Kinapusan Is.)

530'10"

12057'35" 4319' 44,445

Kinapusan Is. Line 29 (Kinapusan Is. - Manuk Manka I.)

512'37"

12041'05" 6314' 101,290

Manuk Manka I. Line 30 (Manuk Manka I. - Frances Reef)

447'50"

11952'10" 5830' 80,847

Frances Reef Line 31 (Frances Reef - Bajapa Reef)

424'54"

11914'54" 13434' 29,330

Bajapa Reef Line 32 (Bajapa Reef - Panguan I.)

436'04"

11903'36" 16405' 13,480

Panguan I. Line 33 (Panguan I. - Omapoy I.)

443'06"

11901'36" 23848' 42,470

Omapoy I. Line 34 (Omapoy I. - Sanga-Sanga I.)

455'02"

11921'15" 24611' 51,005

Sanga-Sanga I.

506'12"

11946'30"

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PHILIPPINES STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM LOCATION Line 35 (SangaSanga I. - Pearl Bank) LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST AZIMUTH 17005" DISTANCE (m) 80,200

Pearl Bank Line 36 (Pearl Bank - Baguan I.)

549'04"

11939'01" 10313' 137,050

Baguan I. Line 36a (Baguan I. - Taganak I.)

606'00"

11826'42" 7652' 15,535

Taganak I. Line 37 (Taganak I. - Gt. Bakkungaan)

604'05"

11818'30" 11839' 24,805

Gt. Bakkungaan Line 37a (Gt. Bakkungaan - Sibaung I.)

610'32"

11806'42" 13604' 18,470

Sibaung I. Line 38 (Sibaung I. - Muligi I.)

617'45"

11759'45" 21536' 79,915

Muligi I. Line 39 (Muligi I. - Mangsee Is.)

653' 00"

11825'00" 11914' 140,541

Mangsee Is. Line 39a (Mangsee Is. - Cape Melville)

730'10"

11718'20" 13450' 48,815

Cape Melville Line 40 (Cape Melville - Ligas Pt.)

748'50"

11659'30" 15354' 15,665

Ligas Pt. Line 41 (Ligas Pt.-Cay)

756'28"

11655'45" 17040' 5,666

Cay Line 41a (Cay-Secam I.)

759'30"

11655'15" 20452' 22,925

Secam I. Line 42 (Secam I. - N. of Canipan Bay)

810'47"

11700'30" 20909' 54,990

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PHILIPPINES STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM LOCATION LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST AZIMUTH DISTANCE (m)

N. of Canipan Bay Line 43 (N. of Canipan Bay - Tatub Pt.)

836'50"

11715'06" 21857' 18,570

Tatub Pt. Line 44 (Tatub Pt. - Punta Baja)

844'40"

11721'28" 22204' 45,125

Punta Baja Line 45 (Punta Baja - Malapackun I.)

902'50"

11737'58" 22330' 32,195

Malapackun I. Line 46 (Malapackun I. - Piedras Pt.)

915'30"

11750'04" 22550' 148,260

Piedras Pt. Line 47 (Piedras Pt. - Tapiutan I.)

1011'28"

11848'18" 20319' 124,900

Tapiutan I. Line 48 (Tapiutan I. - Pinnacle Rk.)

1113'40"

11915'28" 20847' 136,590

Pinnacle Rk. Line 49 (Pinnacle Rk. - Cape Calavite)

1218'34"

11951'45" 20040' 134,230

Cape Calavite Line 50 (Cape Calavite - Cabra I.)

1326'40"

12018'00" 14812' 58,235

Cabra I. Line 51 (Cabra I. - Capones Is.)

1353'30"

12000'58" 17926' 113,400

Capones Is. Line 52 (Capones Is. - Palauig Pt.)

1455'00"

12000'20" 16809' 58,100

Palauig Pt. Line 53 (Palauig Pt. - Hermana Mayor I.)

1525'50"

11953'40" 16417' 40,870

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PHILIPPINES STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM LOCATION Hermana Mayor I. Line 53a (Hermana Mayor I. - Tambobo Pt.) LATITUDE NORTH 1547'10" LONGITUDE EAST 11947'28" 16710' 20,490 AZIMUTH DISTANCE (m)

Tambobo Pt. Line 54 (Tambobo Pt. - Rena Pt.)

1558'00"

11944'55" 18143' 22,910

Rena Pt. Line 54a (Rena Pt. - Cape Bolinao)

1610'25"

11945'18" 19139' 18,675

Cape Bolinao Line 55 (Cape Bolinao - Darigayos Pt.)

1620'20"

11947'25" 22620' 80,016

Darigayos Pt. Line 56 (Darigayos Pt. - Dile Pt.)

1650'15"

12020'00" 17958' 81,616

Dile Pt. Line 56a (Dile Pt. - Pinget I.)

1734'30"

12019'58" 18827' 12,060

Pinget I. Line 56b (Pinget I. - Badoc I.)

1740'58"

12020'58" 19246' 27,170

Badoc I. Line 57 (Badoc I. - Cape Bojeador)

1755'20"

12024'22" 19503' 65,270

Cape Bojeador Line 58 (Cape Bojeador - Dalupiri I.)

1829'30"

12034'00" 22216' 101,740

Dalupiri I. Line 59 (Dalupiri I. - Catanapan Pt.)

1910'15"

12113'02" 21329' 25,075

Catanapan Pt. Line 60 (Catanapan Pt. - Dequey I.)

1921'35"

12120'56" 20227' 116,870

Dequey I.

2020'06"

12146'35"

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PHILIPPINES STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM LOCATION Line 61 (Dequey I. - Raile) LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST AZIMUTH 18047' DISTANCE (m) 42,255

Raile Line 62 (Raile - Y'ami I. (W))

2043'00"

12146'55" 20030' 48,140

Y'ami I. (W) Line 63 (Y'ami I. (W) - Y'ami I. (M))

2107'26"

12156'39" 23840' 237

Y'ami I. (M) Line 64 (Y'ami I. (M) - Y'ami I. (E))

2107'30"

12156'46" 30708' 1,376

Y'ami I. (E) HISTORIC CLAIMS

2107'03"

12157'24"

The following is extracted from Presidential Decree No. 1596 of June 1978. Declaring Certain Areas Part of the Philippine Territory and Providing for their Government and Administration Whereas, by reason of their proximity the cluster of islands and islets in the South China Sea situated within the following: Kalayaan Island Group From a point [on the Philippine Treaty Limits] at latitude 740' North and longitude 11600' East of Greenwich, thence due and West along the parallel of 740' N to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 11211' E, thence due north along the meridian of 11210' E, to its intersection within the parallel of 900' N, thence northeastward to the intersection of the parallel of 1200' N to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 11430' E, thence, due East along the parallel of 1200' N to its intersection with the meridian of 11800' E, thence, due South along the meridian of longitude 11800' E to its intersection with the parallel of 1000' N, thence Southeastwards to the point of the beginning at 740' N, latitude and 11600' E longitude. are vital to the security and economic survival of the Philippines. Whereas, much of the above area is part of the continental margin of the Philippine archipelago; Whereas, these areas do not legally belong to any state or nation but by reason of history, indispensable need, and effective occupation and control established in accordance with international law, such areas must now be deemed to belong and subject to the sovereignty of the Philippines; Whereas, while other states have laid claims to some of these areas, their claims have lapsed by abandonment and can not prevail over that of the Philippines on legal, historical and equitable grounds. Now therefore, I, Ferdinand E. Marcos, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the power vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby decree as follows: Section 1, The Area Within the Following Boundaries: From a point [on the Philippine Treaty Limits] at latitude 740' North and longitude 11600' East of Greenwich, thence due and West along the parallel of 740' N to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 11211' E, thence due north along the meridian of 11210' E, to its intersection within the parallel of 900' N, thence northeastward to the intersection of the parallel of 1200' N to its intersection with the meridian of longitude 11430' E, thence, due East along the parallel of 1200' N to its intersection with the meridian of 11800' E, thence, due South along the meridian

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of longitude 11800' E to its intersection with the parallel of 1000' N, thence Southeastwards to the point of the beginning at 740' N, latitude and 11600' E longitude; including the sea-bed, sub-soil, continental margin and air space shall belong and be subject to the sovereignty of the Philippines. Such area is hereby constituted as a distinct and separate municipality of the Province of Palawan and shall be know as "Kalayaan." Section 2, Pending the election of its regular officials...the administration and government of the area shall be vested in the Secretary of National Defense or in such officers of the Civil government or the Armed Forces of the Philippines as the President may designated.

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POLAND
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Mar 91 Maritime Areas Act 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Mar 91 Maritime Areas Act Reiterates historic waters claim to Bay of STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Gdansk (first made in 1956). HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 77 Act No. 37 Not specific _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 91 Maritime Areas & 200nm Established EEZ. Maritime Administration Act _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jul 85 Agreement Established boundaries of territorial sea, EEZ, fishing areas, and continental shelf with USSR (replaced 1958 and 1969 agreements). Jun 89 Agreement Continental shelf and EEZ boundary agreement with Sweden. Agreement with Germany (GDR). Tripoint agreement with Sweden and former USSR in Baltic Sea EIF.

May 89 May 90

Agreement Agreement

Agreement with Germany signed. (Reaffirmed earlier agreements between Poland and GDR, following the unification of Germany.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Nov 98 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Nov 90

Agreement

Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ HISTORIC WATERS LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the Act concerning the Maritime Areas of the Polish Republic and the Marine Administration (Maritime Areas Act) of 21 March 1991. Section 1 The Internal Waters Article 4 The internal waters are: 1. The part of Nowowarpno Lake and the part of the Bay of Szczecin, together with the Swina and the Dziwna and the Bay of Kamien, situated east of the state frontier between the Polish Republic and Germany, and the river Odra between the Bay of Szczecin and the waters of the port of Szczecin.

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2. That part of the bay of Gdansk closed by a baseline running from a point having the coordinates 54 degrees 37 36 north geographic latitude and 18 degrees 49 18 east geographic longitude (on the Hel Sandbar [Mierzeja Helska]) to a point having the coordinates 54 degrees 22 12 north geographic latitude and 19 degrees 21 00 east geographic longitude (on the Vistula Sandbar [Mierzeja Wisloana]); 3. That part of the Vistula Bay [Zalew Wislany] situated sotuwest of the State fronter between the Polish Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on that Bay;.... MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS POLAND - GERMANY The following is extracted from the Agreement between Poland and Germany on the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf in the Baltic Sea (EIF April 1969). Article 1 The lateral boundary between the continental shelf of the Polish People's Republic and that of the German Democratic Republic shall be in principle, in accordance with article 6 of the Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, a line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial waters of each Contracting Party is measured. Article 2 1. In accordance with the principle set forth in article 1, the lateral boundary shall consist of the following straight lines: a line extending from the terminal point of the land frontier between the two Contracting Parties on the island of Uznam (Usedon) to point A, a line passing through points A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, and an extension of the line between points G and H to a point equidistant from the nearest points of the baseline of the Polish People's Republic, the Germany Democratic Republic and the Kingdom of Denmark. 2. The points referred to in paragraph 1 have the following geographical coordinates: TABLE C1.T200. POLAND - GERMANY CONTINENTAL SHELF: BALTIC SEA POINT A B C D E F G H LATITUDE NORTH 54 01' 42" 54 05' 20" 54 10' 08" 54 13' 44" 54 17' 05" 54 20' 28" 54 23' 56" 54 28' 19" LONGITUDE EAST 14 15' 16" 14 20' 15" 14 21' 08" 14 23' 11" 14 27' 00" 14 29' 54" 14 32' 41" 14 35' 51"

The following is extracted from the Agreement between Poland and Germany on the Delimitation of the Sea Areas in the Oder Bight, signed May 1989. Article 1 The common territorial sea boundary of the [GDR and Poland] uses straight lines (geodetic lines) connecting the following points:

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TABLE C1.T201. POLAND - GERMANY TERRITORIAL SEA BOUNDARY: ODER BIGHT POINT A B C LATITUDE NORTH 53 55' 45.45" 53 59' 21.46" 54 07' 39.76" LONGITUDE EAST 14 13' 40.78" 14 14' 38.84" 14 12' 12.03"

Article 2 In the Oder Bight area [Poland] fixes the outer limit of its territorial sea by means of straight lines (geodetic lines) connecting the following points: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T201. POINT C D E LATITUDE NORTH 54 07' 39.76" 54 07' 37.00" 54 08' 38.00" LONGITUDE EAST 14 12' 12.03" 14 16' 51.00" 14 20' 48.00"

Article 3 In the Oder Bight area the GDR fixes the outer limit of its territorial sea by means of straight lines (geodetic lines) connecting the following points: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T201. POINT C F G H LATITUDE NORTH 54 07' 39.76" 54 14' 25.43" 54 16' 45.28" 54 26' 33.90" LONGITUDE EAST 14 12' 12.03" 14 10' 11.75" 14 04' 17.53" 14 04' 48.70"

Article 4 1. The boundary of the continental shelf and fishery zones of the GDR and [Poland] uses straight lines (geodetic lines) connecting the following points: 2. The boundary mentioned in section 1 extends from point M further in a north-easterly direction to a point to be agreed upon by the GDR, [Poland] and the Kingdom of Denmark. Article 5 1. The entire northern approach to the ports of Szczecin and Swinoujscie and the places of anchorage are all located in the territorial sea of [Poland] or high seas respectively. 2. The part of the northern approach to the ports of Szczecin and Swinoujscie situated to the east of the outer boundary of the territorial sea of GDR, as determined by Article 3 of the present Treaty, as well as anchorage place No.3 do not form part of the continental shelf, the fishing zone and, possibly, of the exclusive economic zone of the GDR. Article 6 Navigation using the shipping routes and approaches leading to the ports of Szczecin and Swinoujscie, which are situated in the territorial sea of the GDR east of the island of Rugen, takes place according to the generally recognized principles of international law of the sea. Passage of warships and government ships sailing under the Polish flag does not require the authorization of the GDR. Polish sporting boats may with the permission of the DCR claim passage, after having been requested according to an appropriate procedure.

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POLAND - RUSSIA The following is extracted from the Agreement between Poland and the USSR on the Delimitation of the Territorial Sea, the EEZ, the Fishery Zone, and the Continental Shelf in the Baltic Sea of July 1985. Article 1 The boundary of the territorial sea between the USSR and [Poland] shall follow a straight line from a point located on the Baltiiskaia Kosa on the Soviet-Polish state boundary with geographic coordinates 54 27' 28.63" north latitude and 19 38' 30.96" east longitude, to the intersection of that line at a distance of 12nm with the outer limit of the territorial sea of the USSR and [Poland] on a point with geographic coordinates 54 38' 15" north latitude and 19 24' 22" east longitude. Article 2 The boundary of the economic zone, fishery zone and continental shelf between the USSR and [Poland] shall follow a line from a point with geographical coordinates 54 36' 15" north latitude and 19 24' 22" east longitude through the points with the following geographic coordinates: TABLE C1.T202. POLAND - RUSSIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT A B C D LATITUDE NORTH 54 40' 12" 54 48' 54" 55 20' 48" 55 51' 00" LONGITUDE EAST 19 18' 54" 19 20' 42" 19 03' 48" 18 56' 12"

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POINT F LATITUDE NORTH 55 52.876 LONGITUDE EAST 18 54.000'

From point A to the West and point F to the East the delimitation line shall continue to points on which Agreement shall be reached with the third state concerned. POLAND - SWEDEN - RUSSIA The following is extracted from the Tripoint Agreement of Poland, Sweden and former USSR on the Junction Point of the Maritime Boundaries in the Baltic (EIF May 1990). Article 1 From the points indicated below: Point D, with the geographical coordinates 5551'00" north latitude by 1856'12" east longitude, as established in the Treaty of 17 July 1985 between the Polish People's Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning the delimitation of the territorial sea (territorial waters), economic zone, maritime fishing zone and continental shelf in the Baltic Sea; Point A17, with the geographical coordinates 5553.482' north latitude by 1856.717' east longitude (following the Soviet system of coordinates) or 5553.482' north latitude by 1856.777' east longitude (following the Swedish system of coordinates), as established in the Agreement of 18 April 1988 between the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning the delimitation of the continental shelf, the Soviet economic zone and the Swedish fishing zone in the Baltic Sea; Point F, with the geographical coordinates 5552.876' north latitude by 1854.000' east longitude (following the World Geodetic System 1972), as established in the Agreement of 10 February 1989 concerning the delimitation of the continental shelf and fishing zones between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Polish People's Republic; the delimitation boundaries follow straight lines (geodesic lines) to the common delimitation point, with the geographical coordinates 5552.788' north latitude by 1855.545' east longitude. The geographical coordinates given for the common delimitation point are based on the World Geodetic System 1972.

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PORTUGAL
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA May 77 Act No. 33/77 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Nov 85 Decree Law No. 495/85 Established straight baselines. Waters STRAIGHT BASELINES, between Madeiras and Azores islands &HISTORIC CLAIMS claimed as internal. Reiterated 1967 closing lines that, in effect, treat Tagus and Sado estuaries, and associated coastal indentations, as "historic bays." These claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claims in 1986. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Nov 97 Declaration upon 24nm accession to 1982 LOS Convention _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Nov 69 Decree Law No. 49,369 1958 DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 77 Act No. 33/77 200nm EEZ: Acknowledged only "innocent passage" for ships within EEZ (overflight also allowed). The claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertions between 1979 and 1996. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 76 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Spain (North and South) signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Nov 97 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement, with Declarations as noted above. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Legislation set forth straight baselines along the Portuguese coast of the continent, around the Madeiras, and in the Azores. The following extracts from Decree Law No. 495/85 of 29 November 1985 show all coordinates of the above systems of straight baselines. Introductory textual matters in the legislation are included with the continental straight baselines. The system decreed for the Azores is divided among the eastern, central, and western parts of the Azores, respectively. Portugal Straight Baselines: Continental Coast Inasmuch as it has become necessary to redefine the closing lines and straight baselines established by Decree-Law No. 47,771 of June 27, 1967, that supplement, along the coasts of the continent and the islands of the Autonomous Regions of Madeira and the Azores, the baseline established in Paragraph 1 of Base I of Law No. 2130(1) of August 22, 1966; The agencies of the autonomous regions' own governments having been consulted; Under the provisions of Paragraph 2 of the above-mentioned base the Government, pursuant to Article 201, Article 1(c) of the Constitution, decrees as follows:

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Article 1 The normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea established in Base I of Law No. 2130 is supplemented by the closing lines and straight baselines defined by the points whose geographic coordinates appear on Table I for the coast of the continent, Table II for the coasts of the islands of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, and on Tables III, IV, and V for the coasts of the islands of the Autonomous Region of the Azores. Those tables are annexed to this decree-law and are an integral part hereof. Article 2 In addition to those referred to in Article 1 above, the Portuguese State uses as a baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea the closing lines that result from the application of international law to the roadsteads used for loading, unloading, and anchoring of ships, the mouths of rivers, and the entrances to ports. Article 3 Decree-Law No. 47,771 of June 27, 1967 is hereby revoked. TABLE C1.T204. PORTUGAL STRAIGHT BASELINES: CONTINENTAL COAST CLOSING LINES AND STRAIGHT BASELINES THAT SUPPLEMENT THE NORMAL BASELINE ALONG THE COAST OF THE CONTINENT I.M. CHART NO. 59 STRAIGHT BASELINES From Ver-o-Mar to mouth of Vouga River (North jetty) 64 From Cabo Mondego (Pedra da Nau) to Farilhoes (Pedra Grande) 68 From Farilhoes (Pedra Grande) to Farilhoes-Forcada (Pedra W.) 68 From Farilhoes-Forcada (Pedra W.) to Berlenga-Estelas (via Broeiro) 68 04 72 05 05 84 84 86 86 91 From Belenga-Estelas (via Broeiro) to Cabo da Roca (Pedra de Arca) From Cabo Raso to Cabo Espichel From Cabo Espichel to Cabo de Sines (head of jetty) From Cabo de Sines (head of jetty) to Cabo de Sao Vicente (Pedra do Gigante) From Ponta de Sagres to Cabo de Santa Maria (Barreta Is.) 3702.25' 3654.53' 3757.55' 0859.77' 0856.92' 0753.07' 3756.17' 0853.25' 3846.82' 3842.48' 3824.77' 0930.20 09"29.10' 0913.28' 3924.98' 0932.28' 3928.20' 0933.42' LATITUDE NORTH 4124.85' 4038.64' 4011.02' 3928.73' LONGITUDE WEST 0847.20' 0845.42' 0854.55' 0932.65'

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Portugal Straight Baselines: Madeiras TABLE C1.T205. PORTUGAL STRAIGHT BASELINES: MADEIRAS CLOSING LINES AND STRAIGHT BASELINES THAT SUPPLEMENT THE NORMAL BASELINE ALONG THE COAST OF THE AUTONOMOUS REGION OF MADEIRA I.M. CHART NO. 104 102 STRAIGHT BASELINES From a point west of Ponta da Agulha (Bugio) (Ilhas Desertas) to Ponta do Sol (Madeira) From the shoals of Moniz (Madeira) 152 to Pont de Sao Jorge (Madeira) From Ponta de Sao Jorge 102 to Ilheu de Branca (Madeira) From Ilheu de Branca 102 to Ponta do Castelo (Madeira) From Ponta do Castelo 102 to Ponta do Sao Lourenco (Madeira) From Ponta do Sao Lourenco 104 103 103 to Ilheu Caho (N.E.) (Ilhas Desertas) From Ilheu do Ferro (N) (Porto Santo) to Ilheu da Fonte da Areia (Porto Santo) From Ilheu da Fonte da Areia 103 to Ilheu de Fora (Porto Santo) From Ilheu de Fora 155 155 103 103 103 to Ilheu de Cima (Porto Santo) From Ilheu de Cima (S.E.) To the tip of Ilheu de Baixo (S.E.) (Porto Santo) From Ilheu de Baixo (W) (Porto Santo) to Porta da Cabra (Porto Santo) 3303.15' 3303.05' 3259.67' 3300.10' 3301.82' 1616.60' 1616.62' 1622.89' 1623.35' 1624.30' 3307.45' 1616.88' 3235.28' 3302.30' 3306.02' 1632.56' 1624.33' 1622.00' 3243.67' 1639.10' 3244.85' 1641.15' 3245.00' 1641.40' LATITUDE NORTH 3224.15' 3240.40' 3252.58' 3250.02' LONGITUDE WEST 1627.97' 1706.05' 1710.75' 1654.00'

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Portugal Straight Baselines: Azores (Eastern, Central, Western) TABLE C1.T206. PORTUGAL STRAIGHT BASELINES: AZORES CLOSING LINES AND STRAIGHT BASELINES THAT SUPPLEMENT THE NORMAL BASELINE ALONG THE COASTS OF THE AUTONOMOUS REGION OF THE AZORES I.M. CHART NO. STRAIGHT BASELINES EASTERN GROUP 169 From Ilheu da Vila (Santa Maria Island) to Ponta da Candelaria (Sao Miguel Island) 111 From Ponta da Bretanha (Sao Miguel Island) to the limits of Assornada (Sao Miguel Island) 111 166 166 110 From Ponta do Arnel (Sao Miguel Island) to the Rock (N.) of Bicuda (Ilheus Formigas) From Formigas (S.E.) (Ilheus Formigas) to Sao Goncalo lighthouse point (E) (Santa Maria Island) CENTRAL GROUP 114 From Queimada (Pico Island) to Ponto de Sao Mateus (Pico Island) From Ponta de Sao Maueus 114 to Ponta de Castelo Branco (Faial Island) From Ponta de Castelo Branco 114 to Ponta dos Capelinhos (Faial Island) From Ponta dos Capelinhos 114 to Ponta dos Cedros (Faial Is.) From Ponta dos Cedros 114 to Ponta dos Rosais (Ilheu) (Sao Jorge Island) From Ponta do Morro (N.) (Sao Jorge Island) 114 to the tip of Pico Island From Calheta de Nesquim (Pico Island) 114 to Ponta da Queimada (Pico Is.) From the rock at Baixa dos Buzios (Graciosa Island) 113 to the rock (N.E.) Ilheu da Praia (Graciosa Island) From the rock (N.E.) Ilheu da Praia 113 174 113 to Ilheu de Baixo (Graciosa Is.) From Ponta do Enxudreiro (Graciosa Island) to Furada (Graciosa Island) 3900.50' 3900.73' 3901.37' 2756.22' 2759.77' 2802.15' 3845.43' 3832.35' 3824.63' 3823.93' 3822.90' 3905.42' 3903.57' 2819.28' 2745.90' 2801.80' 2804.90' 2814.40' 2759.72' 2757.16' 3838.68' 2843.01' 3835.85' 2850.20' 3831.32' 2845.23' 3822.90' 3823.28' 2814.40' 2826.80' 3656.36' 3749.60' 3754.38' 3751.45' 3749.40' 3716.52' 3716.16' 3555.68' 2510.25' 2550.45' 2547.00' 2510.50' 2508.15' 2446.88' 2446.83' 2500.87' LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST

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CLOSING LINES AND STRAIGHT BASELINES THAT SUPPLEMENT THE NORMAL BASELINE ALONG THE COASTS OF THE AUTONOMOUS REGION OF THE AZORES I.M. CHART NO. STRAIGHT BASELINES From Ilheu de Mina (Terceira Island) 112 to the Fradinhos rocks (Terceira Island) From the Fradinhos rocks 112 to Ponta de Sao Mateus (Terceira Island) WESTERN GROUP 115 115 115 116 From Ilheu de Monchique (Flores Island) to Ponta dos Torrosis (Corvo Island) From the easternmost point on the coast (Corvo Island) to the rock opposite Santa Cruz (Flores Island) 3929.65' 3943.43' 3927.08' 3116.32' 3107.03' 3107.15' 3839.15' 2716.70' LATITUDE NORTH 3838.90' 3836.70' LONGITUDE WEST 2704.42' 2706.70'

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QATAR
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 92 Decree No. 40 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 92 Decree No. 40 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jun 49 Proclamation _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 74 Declaration Delimited by agreement with adjacent States; or by the outer limits of the "continental prolongation;" or by the median line. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 65 Agreement Offshore and land boundaries agreement with Saudi Arabia signed. Mar 69 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with UAE (Abu Dhabi) EIF. See LIS No. 18. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Iran signed (EIF May 70). See LIS No. 25.

Sep 69

Agreement

In the case concerning Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Nov 84 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES QATAR - UAE (ABU DHABI) The following is extracted from the Agreement on the Settlement of Maritime Boundary Lines and Sovereign Rights over Islands, signed and EIF 20 March 1969. Recognizing the cordial and fraternal relations that exist between the two sister Arab States, and desirous of settling maritime boundary lines and sovereign rights over islands on the basis of their mutual interests, the two Contracting Parties have agreed as follows: (1) That "Dina" Island is part of the territory of Abu Dhabi; (2) That the islands of "Lashat" and "Shraho" are part of the territory of Qatar; (3) That both States will have no further national claims against each other in islands and waters beyond the maritime boundary lines herein agreed to; (4) That the maritime boundary lines referred to in paragraph (3) above are as follows: Dec 2002

Mar 2001

ICJ Judgment

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TABLE C1.T207. QATAR - UAE (ABU DHABI) MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES Latitude North Longitude East

(a) A straight line between Point A at: 25 31' 50" 53 02' 05"

and point B, "Bir Elbundug," at: 25 05' 54.79" 52 36' 50.98"

(b) A straight line between point B (described above), and point C, at: 24 48' 40" 52 16' 20"

(c) A straight line from point C (described above) to point D (at Bab Khor Eladid at the territorial sea boundary) at: 24 48' 40" 52 16' 20" QATAR - BAHRAIN The following information is excerpted from the United Nations Law of the Sea Bulletin No. 46 regarding the International Court of Justice Judgment in the case concerning Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain). The case dealt with the dispute relating to sovereignty over the Hawar Islands, sovereign rights over the shoals of Dibal and Qit'al Jaradah and the delimitation of the maritime areas of the two States. On 16 March 2001, the Court decided that Qatar has sovereignty over Zubarah, Janan Island, including Hadd Janan, and the low-tide elevation of Fasht al Dibal; and that Bahrain has sovereignty over the Hawar Islands and the island of Qit'al Jaradah. Moreover, vessels of Qatar enjoy in the territorial sea of Bahrain, which separates Hawar Islands from the other Bahraini islands, the right of innocent passage accorded by customary international law. As regards the question of the maritime boundary, the Court also recalled that customary international law was applicable to the case and that the parties had requested it to draw a single maritime boundary (in the southern part, the Court drew a boundary delimiting the parties territorial seas over which they enjoy territorial sovereignty, including the seabed, superjacent waters and superjacent aerial space; in the northern part, the Court had to carry out a delimitation between areas in which the parties have only sovereign rights and functional jurisdiction, i.e., over the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone). With respect to the territorial sea, the Court drew provisionally an equidistance line (a line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each of the two States is measured) and then considered whether that line should be adjusted in the light of any special circumstances. The Court rejected Bahrains argument that the existence of certain pearling banks situated to the north of Qatar, which had been predominantly exploited in the past by Bahraini fishermen, constituted a circumstance justifying a shifting of the equidistance line. It also rejected Qatars argument that there is significant disparity between the coastal lengths of the parties calling for an appropriate correction. The Court further stated that considerations of equity required that the maritime formation of Fasht al Jarim should have no effect in determining the boundary line. The Court concluded that the single maritime boundary that would divide the various maritime zones of the State of Qatar and the State of Bahrain should be formed by a series of geodesic lines joining, in the order specified, the points with the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T208. QATAR - BAHRAIN MARITIME BOUNDARY QATAR - BAHRAIN MARITIME BOUNDARY Point 1 2 3 4 5 Latitude North 25 34' 34" 25 35' 10" 25 34' 53" 25 34' 50" 25 34' 21" Longitude East 50 34' 3" 50 34' 48" 50 41' 22" 50 41' 35" 50 44' 5"

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QATAR - BAHRAIN MARITIME BOUNDARY Point 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Latitude North 25 33' 29" 25 32' 49" 25 32' 55" 25 32' 43" 25 32' 6" 25 32' 40" 25 32' 55" 25 33' 44" 25 33' 49" 25 34' 33" 25 35' 33" 25 37' 21" 25 37' 45" 25 38' 19" 25 38' 43" 25 39' 31" 25 40' 10" 25 41' 27" 25 42' 27" 25 44' 7" 25 44' 58" 25 45' 35" 25 46' 0" 25 46' 57" 25 48' 43" 25 51' 40" 25 52' 26" 25 53' 42" 26 0' 40" 26 4' 38" 26 11' 2" 26 15' 55" 26 17' 58" 26 20' 2" 26 26' 11" Longitude East 50 45' 49" 50 46' 11" 50 46' 48" 50 47' 46" 50 48' 36" 50 48' 54" 50 48' 48" 50 49' 4" 50 48' 32" 50 47' 37" 50 46' 49" 50 47' 54" 50 49' 44" 50 50' 22" 50 50' 26" 50 50' 6" 50 50' 30" 50 51' 43" 50 51' 9" 50 51' 58" 50 52' 5" 50 51' 53" 50 51' 40" 50 51' 23" 50 50' 32" 50 49' 53" 50 49' 12" 50 48' 57" 50 51' 00" 50 54' 27" 50 55' 3" 50 55' 22" 50 55' 58" 50 57' 16" 50 59' 12"

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QATAR - BAHRAIN MARITIME BOUNDARY Point 41 42 Latitude North 26 43' 58" 27 2' 0" Longitude East 51 3' 16" 51 7' 11"

Below point 1, the single maritime boundary would follow, in a south-westerly direction, a loxodrome having an azimuth of 234 16' 53", until it meets the delimitation line between the respective maritime zones of Saudi Arabia on the one hand, and of Bahrain and Qatar on the other. Beyond point 42, the single maritime boundary would follow, in a north-north-easterly direction, a loxodrome having an azimuth of 12 l5' 12", until it meets the delimitation line between the respective maritime zones of the Islamic Republic of Iran, on the one hand, and of Bahrain and Qatar, on the other. QATAR - IRAN The following is extracted from the Continental Shelf Boundary Agreement between Qatar and Iran (signed September 1969, EIF May 1970). Article 1 The Boundary line dividing the continental shelf lying between the territory of Iran, on the one side, and that of Qatar, on the other side, shall consist of geodetic lines between the following points in the sequence given below: Point (1) is the westernmost point on the westernmost part of the northern boundary line of the continental shelf appertaining to Qatar formed by a line of geodetic azimuth 278 14' 27" west from Point 2 below. TABLE C1.T209. QATAR - IRAN CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES POINT 2 3 4 5 6 LATITUDE NORTH 27 00' 35" 26 56' 20" 26 33' 25" 26 06' 20" 25 31' 50" LONGITUDE EAST 51 23' 00" 51 44' 05" 52 12' 10" 52 42' 30" 53 02' 05"

Article 4 Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the status of the super-adjacent waters or airspace above any part of the continental shelf.

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ROMANIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 90 Act on Internal Waters, 12nm Foreign warships, submarines and other Territorial Sea, & submersible vehicles, and other Contiguous Zone government ships operated for noncommercial purposes must obtain permission prior to transiting territorial sea. Ships carrying nuclear, chemical or other weapons of mass destruction or "any other products prohibited by the laws of Romania" may not enter the territorial sea.

This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1989 and conducted operational assertions in 1985-1987 and in 1998-2000. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 90 Act on Internal Waters, Establishes straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Territorial Sea, & (Chartlet available on line at UNs LOS HISTORIC CLAIMS Contiguous Zone website. See Forward for website information.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 90 Act on Internal Waters, 24nm Territorial Sea, & Contiguous Zone _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF 1962 Law on the Continental 1958 Shelf DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 86 Decree No. 142 200nm EEZ, except in Black Sea where EEZ boundaries will be determined by agreement with neighboring states. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Apr 86 Decree No. 142 200nm Exclusive jurisdiction to preserve and REGULATION protect the environment and prevent and control pollution within EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration reaffirming the "right" of coastal States to regulate the passage of foreign warships through their territorial seas. Ratified Convention, confirming Declaration made upon signature. Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION From the Act concerning the Legal Regime of the Internal Waters, the Territorial Sea, and the Contiguous Zone of Romania of 7 August 1990. Dec 96

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TABLE C1.T210. ROMANIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM SEGMENT A POINT 1 2 B 2 3 C 3 4 D 4 5 E 5 6 F 6 7 G 7 8 H 8 9 43 44 20 43 59 14 Same as Segment G 28 34 51 44 07 15 Same as Segment F 28 40 09 44 31 26 Same as segment E 28 41 50 44 46 52 44 43 38 Same as segment D 28 52 20 29 31 48 29 03 10 44 50 23 The line of low tide LATITUDE 45 10 51 45 08 42 Same as segment A 29 36 52 LONGITUDE 29 45 56 29 46 20

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RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Maritime claims of the former USSR are considered to remain in effect for its component successor States, unless otherwise declared. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jul 98 Federal Act on internal 12nm maritime waters, territorial sea and contiguous zone of the Russian Federation Regulations regarding foreign warship visits to Russian ports and passage in territorial sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 98 Federal Act on internal The 1998 Act does not appear to have STRAIGHT BASELINES, & maritime waters, territorial revoked Russias historic bay claims. HISTORIC CLAIMS sea and contiguous zone Russia claims Peter the Great Bay, and of the Russian Federation Demitri, Laptev, and Sannikov Straits, as historic, and thus internal, waters. Oct 99 Decision No. 1102 These historic waters claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. has protested them on numerous occasions. The 1998 Act also authorizes the drawing of straight baselines and publication of new coordinates, which has not yet been done. Russian Federation baselines remain those set out in the Council of Ministers Decrees dated Feb 84 and Jan 85. These straight baseline claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claims in 1984-1987 and conducted operational assertions in 1982, 1984, and 1986. With Ukraine, asserting that the Sea of Azov and Strait of Kerch are historic, internal waters of the two nations. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jul 98 Federal Act on internal 24nm maritime waters, territorial sea and contiguous zone of the Russian Federation _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Oct 95 Federal Act on the 200nm The Russian Federation has also filed with Continental Shelf of the the Continental Shelf Commission under Russian Federation UNCLOS a claim for ownership of a prolonged continental shelf beyond 350nm in the Arctic Ocean. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Nov 98 Federal Act on the 200nm Also applies to all islands of the Russian Exclusive Economic Zone Federation. of the Russian Federation _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dec 2003 Joint Statement

489

May 67

Agreement

May 70

Agreement

Jun 78

Agreement

Jul 85

Agreement

May 86

Agreement

Jun 88

Agreement

1989

Agreement

Jul 90

Agreement

Sep 90

Agreement

Maritime boundary agreement with Lithuania regarding EEZ, continental shelf. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mar 97

Oct 97

Agreement

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The extensive Soviet straight baseline system was promulgated by two Decrees of the Council of Ministers. Decree 4604 of 7 February 1984 covered the continental coast and islands of the Pacific Ocean, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea. Decree 4450 of 15 January 1985 covered the continental coast and islands of the Arctic, the Baltic and the Black Sea. Extracts from these Decrees are provided below. Russian Straight Baselines: Pacific Continental Coast and Islands, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, and Bering Sea Decree 4604 Of the baselines for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of the U.S.S.R. off the continental coast and islands of the Pacific Ocean, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. A decree of the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers of February 7, 1984, approved a list of geographic coordinates of points which define the position of straight baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of the U.S.S.R. off the continental coast and islands of the Pacific Ocean, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea is measured. The list is published below. List of geographic coordinates of points that determine the position of the straight baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone (U.S.S.R. fishing zone) and continental shelf of the U.S.S.R. off the continental coast and islands of the Pacific Ocean, the Sea of Japan, the sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea is measured. TABLE C1.T211. RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC OCEAN RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC OCEAN POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION Middle point in a straight line connecting the head lands of the Tumannaya River Cape Povorotnyy Cape Lisuchenko Cape Korevo Cape Ostrovnoy Cape Olarovskiy LATITUDE NORTH 42 17 29.03 42 40 20.40 42 41 09 42 46 30 42 48 22 42 52 02 LONGITUDE EAST 130 41 30.52 133 02 19.80 133 08 56 133 25 28 133 43 24 133 55 15

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 Cape Tumannyy Opasnyy Island, eastern Cape Titov Valentina Bay, northern headland Cape Nakhval'nyy Cape Kudrin 42 59 42 43 01 40 43 05 48 43 06 39 43 26 50 43 27 38 134 07 30 134 11 17 134 18 24 133 20 28 134 58 28 135 00 00

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 03 13 14 Cape Manevskiy Chikhachev Island, southern extremity 43 37 53 43 40 36 135 13 15 135 16 40

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 15 15 16 Chikhachev Island, northern extremity Cape Shkot 43 40 50 43 41 18 135 16 50 135 17 05

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RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC OCEAN POINT GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 17 17 18 Cape Chetyrekh Skal Cape Yuzhnyy 43 50 40 44 02 02 135 30 24 135 37 54

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 19 19 20 Cape Yakubovskiy Cape Yegorov 44 43 42 44 46 06 136 20 16 136 26 30

Further along the line the lowest tide to point 21 21 22 Cape Krasnyy Partizan Cape Datta 48 58 30 49 17 48 140 23 12 140 25 18

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 23 23 24 25 Cape Yagodnyy Dugu-Du Islands, Yelena Island Cape Nakatov 51 10 20 51 14 15 51 20 00 140 39 50 140 42 20 140 46 30

Further long the line of the lowest tide to point 26 26 27 28 Cape Ostryy Cliff off Cape Orlov Cape Davydov 51 23 30 51 25 18 51 29 45 140 51 30 140 52 42 140 52 56

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 29 29 Cape Yuzhnyy 51 40 48 141 06 15

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 30 30 31 Cape Pronge Cape Tabakh 52 51 59 53 00 13 141 14 10 141 12 15

Further along the line of the lowest tide point 32 32 33 34 Cliff off Cape Mofet Cape Aleksandra Reyneke Island, southeastern coast 54 11 52 54 17 20 54 21 20 139 52 49 139 47 18 139 48 30

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 35 35 36 37 Reyneke Island, eastern coast Menshkov Island, northern extremity Prokof'yev Island, northeastern extremity 54 21 15 54 36 45 55 05 07 139 48 27 139 16 30 138 25 10

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 38 38 39 40 Prokof'yev Island, northwestern extremity Cape Borisov Cape Lantarskiy 55 05 40 55 56 40 56 08 13 138 21 12 137 23 39 137 43 20

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RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC OCEAN POINT 41 42 43 Cape Musikan Cape Tolkuchiy Cape Vneshniy GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE NORTH 56 13 44 56 22 45 56 25 18 LONGITUDE EAST 137 49 53 138 02 28 138 13 20

Further along the line the lowest tide to point 44 44 45 46 47 Cape L'gotnyy Cape Naklonnyy Mal'minskiye Islands, eastern island Cape Nurki 56 28 07 56 37 12 56 42 00 56 46 40 138 15 04 138 16 12 138 23 54 138 33 48

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 48 48 49 Cape Ulkanskiy Cape Eykan 56 58 30 57 00 48 138 42 30 138 52 15

Further long the line of the lowest tide to point 50 50 51 52 53 Cape Sputnik Cape Kamker To the west of the mouth of the Urak River Cape Marekan 57 05 42 57 08 12 59 16 00 59 19 12 138 55 44 139 01 39 142 48 29 143 28 40

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 54 54 55 Cape Kekurnyy Cape Gerey 59 24 34 59 24 06 145 40 45 145 42 40

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 56 56 57 58 59 Cape Shelkan Cape Yeyrineyskiy Cliff off Cape Ushakov Cliff off Cape Duga Zapadnaya 59 21 50 59 18 05 59 14 40 59 08 38 145 48 00 145 51 00 145 48 30 145 58 30

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 60 60 61 62 Cape Yelagin Kater Cliff To the east of Cape Syurkum 59 12 24 59 21 18 59 21 55 146 21 06 146 51 39 147 55 00

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 63 63 64 65 Cape Izmaylov Cape Moskvitin Cape Dal'niy 59 14 08 59 15 35 59 15 10 147 32 30 147 47 20 148 24 42

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 66 66 Cape Gavanets 59 14 14 148 46 06

493

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC OCEAN POINT 67 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION Spafar'yev Island, Southwestern extremity LATITUDE NORTH 59 08 11 LONGITUDE EAST 148 57 32

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 68 68 69 Spafar'yev Island, Cape Kaktin Zav'yalov Island, Cape Yuzhnyy 50 07 00 59 00 00 149 01 06 150 28 00

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 70 70 71 Zav'yalov Island, southeastern coast Cape Alevin 59 00 00 58 50 14 150 34 20 151 20 32

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 72 72 73 Cape Tolstoy Atykan Island, southern extremity 59 10 36 59 11 38 155 11 21 155 31 57

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 74 74 75 Atykan Island, northern extremity Matykil' Island, southeastern extremity 59 12 48 59 19 13 155 32 11 155 35 54

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 76 76 77 78 79 Matykil' Island, northeastern extremity Cape Yapon Cape Keytevan Cape Iretskiy 59 20 27 59 29 45 59 32 30 59 53 34 155 36 00 154 57 57 154 38 42 154 29 00

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 80 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 Cape Storozhevoy Cliff to the south of Taynochin Cliff to the southwest of Chetyrye Pal'tsa Island To the northwest of Cape Varkhalamskiy Cape Varkhalamskiy Khalpili Islands, cliff west of the northern Island Cape Telanskiy Cliff to the north of Cape Taygonos Cape Taygonos To the east of Cape Taygonos Southern Islet off Cape Povorotnyy Cape Dal'niy Yengalychev Island, southwestern extremity To the north of Cape Ostrovnoy 61 49 07 61 48 27 61 44 44 61 40 07 61 39 06 61 15 54 60 55 53 60 35 11 60 34 26 60 34 26 60 40 57 60 25 12 60 16 17 60 02 33 158 50 17 159 19 18 159 23 19 159 31 18 159 34 06 159 44 28 159 47 12 160 08 00 160 08 49 160 09 48 160 46 00 161 56 29 161 50 35 161 29 24

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 94

494

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC OCEAN POINT 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 Cape Lopatka To the northeast of Cape Lopatka Cape Tri Sestry Gavryushkin Kamen' Island Islet off Cape Senyavin Kekur off Utashud Island Cliff off Cape Il'ya Cape Khodzhelayka Cliff off Cape Krestovyy Cape Piratkov Cliff off Cape Asacha To the north of Cape Polosatyy Shipunskiy Rock Kozlov Rock Kekur Rock of Cape Kronotskiy Kamen'-Gorod Cliffs Cliff off Cape Afrika Cliff off Cape Rify Cape Stolbovoy Cape Ozernyy Cape Krasheninnikov Cape Rovnyy Cape Tavukhin GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE NORTH 50 52 00 50 53 22 51 07 06 51 14 10 51 20 22 51 30 14 51 34 48 51 37 44 51 48 40 51 57 40 52 07 18 52 17 23 53 04 36 54 29 14 54 45 06 56 00 23 56 10 00 56 19 40 56 41 15 57 43 28 58 26 57 58 52 10 59 48 45 LONGITUDE EAST 156 40 18 156 42 55 157 03 06 157 18 00 157 27 00 157 42 16 157 49 44 157 54 34 158 06 38 158 16 40 158 22 41 158 32 53 160 01 22 161 42 29 162 09 00 163 03 05 163 22 10 163 21 48 163 17 00 163 19 13 163 29 06 164 38 15 166 17 28

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 117 117 118 119 Yuzhnaya-Glubokaya Bay, southern headland To the south of Srednyaya Lagoon To the east of Kaukt Lagoon 60 12 50 60 22 33 60 25 40 166 51 30 167 22 30 167 35 50

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 120 120 121 Somneniye Bay, western headland Somneniye Bay, eastern headland 60 29 06 60 30 05 167 48 12 167 52 00

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 122 122 123 124 Cape Skalistyy Cape Vulkanicheskiy Cape Temnyy 60 03 30 60 18 00 60 32 42 170 27 40 170 40 46 171 09 02

495

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC OCEAN POINT GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 125 125 126 127 128 129 130 Cape Shlyupochnyy Cape Osypnoy Cape Vitgenshteyn Island Kekur Vitgenshteyna, southeastern extremity Cape Gorbatyy Cape Matros Zayts 60 37 00 60 43 10 60 50 13 60 50 43 61 01 50 61 15 39 171 24 07 171 38 00 172 04 15 172 06 04 172 27 25 172 54 44

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 131 131 132 Cape Moristyy Cape Skladchatyy 61 18 09 61 23 00 172 57 58 173 05 30

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 133 133 134 Cape Ovrazhek Cape Nizkiy 61 28 49 61 38 40 173 11 00 173 50 00

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 135 135 136 Cape Chesma Cape Voyennye topografy 62 19 11 62 36 44 179 11 00 179 34 13

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 137 137 138 Cape Korobitsyn Cape Barykov 62 52 05 63 03 16 179 30 37 179 27 37

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 139 139 140 To the sough of Zemlya Geka Spit At the base of Russkaya Koshka Spit 64 15 56 64 38 15 178 24 05 178 48 27

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 141 141 142 Cape Prizhmnyy Cape Meechkyn 65 22 15 65 28 35 179 29 00 178 44 50

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 143 143 144 Cape Retkyn Cape Gory Kamennoy 65 31 48 65 34 30 177 10 20 176 46 00

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 145 145 146 Mouth of Odinokaya River Retkyn Spit 65 27 53 65 24 03 176 11 49 176 02 58

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 147 147 148 Cliff off Cape Ukilyun Cape Chypatyn 64 52 45 64 48 05 175 32 28 175 27 31

496

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC OCEAN POINT GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 149 149 150 Cliff off Cape Stoletiye Cape Lysaya Golova 64 19 24 64 17 35 173 38 30 173 22 34

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 151 151 152 Cape Nizemnnyy Cape Sivolkut 64 15 50 64 22 15 172 56 00 172 35 40

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 153 153 154 155 Cape Chaplin Cape Kygynin Cape Nygchigen 64 24 15 64 45 25 65 04 21 172 13 50 172 04 00 172 05 30

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 156 156 157 Cape Khalyustkin Cape Lyugren 65 15 34 65 30 09 172 10 41 171 41 00

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 158 158 159 Cape Kriguygun Cape Nunyamo 65 28 37 65 36 04 171 01 26 170 37 18

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 160 160 161 Puutyn Bay, southern headland Puutyn Bay, northern headland, 65 50 45 65 52 14 170 30 11 170 30 15

Further along the line of the lowest tide to Cape Dezhnev Sakhalin Island 1 2 Mouth of Taranay River Cape Tomari-Aniva 46 37 30 46 36 29 142 26 00 142 46 00

Further along the line of lowest tide to point 3 3 4 Kemi Spit, western coast To the west of Cape Vis'kvo 53 43 30 53 32 16 142 35 30 142 14 30

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 5 5 6 Cape Lakh Cape Tyk 51 53 09 51 44 40 141 37 18 141 40 23

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 1 Mouth of Taranay River Kuril'skiye Islands Paramushir Island 1 Cape Skal'nyy 50 20 09 155 23 00

497

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC OCEAN POINT 2 Cape Sosedniy GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE NORTH 50 18 15 LONGITUDE EAST 155 16 20

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 1 Cape Skal'nyy Simushir Island 1 2 Cape Storozhevoy Cliff off Cape Sovetskiy 47 09 46 47 10 05 152 15 13 152 13 30

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 3 3 4 Cape Polyanskiy Cape Chernyy 47 01 30 46 59 18 152 03 47 152 01 24

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 5 5 6 Cape Terekhin Cape Ptichiy 46 55 56 46 51 25 151 54 44 151 43 16

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 1 Cape Storozhevoy Urup Island 1 2 3 4 5 Cliff off Cape Tigrovyy Parus Cliff Petushkov Island Nakatnay Cliff off Cape Predchuvstviye Cape Glybistyy 46 13 21 46 10 50 46 04 03 45 51 00 45 48 49 150 18 30 150 11 13 149 59 05 149 39 27 149 37 23

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 1 Cliff off Cape Tigrovyy Iturup Island 1 2 3 To the south of Cape Breskens To the north of Cape Terrasnyy Cliff off Cape Ksana 45 21 59 45 10 03 45 07 10 147 50 48 147 42 15 147 30 29

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 4 4 5 Cliff off Cape Przheval'skiy Southern headland of Trekh'Skal Bay 45 06 30 44 59 40 147 29 30 147 30 15

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 6 6 7 Cape Odesskiy To the northeast of Cape Bol'shoy Nos 44 52 01 44 49 47 147 15 50 147 08 05

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 8 8 Cape Bol'shoy Nos 44 48 50 147 05 49

498

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC OCEAN POINT 9 10 11 Cape Kabara Kamen'-Lev Island Cape Klyk GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE NORTH 44 39 39 44 39 08 44 37 45 LONGITUDE EAST 147 00 28 146 58 30 147 56 47

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 12 12 13 Cape Burevestnik Cape Dobrynya Nikitich 44 55 00 44 56 44 147 38 55 147 47 25

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 1 To the south of Cape Breskens Kunashir Island 1 2 Cape Spiridonov Cape Stolbchatyy 44 06 06 44 01 30 145 44 28 145 40 29

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 3 3 4 5 6 7 Cape Mechnikov Cape Yuzhno-Kuril'skiy Rogachev Island Cape Mysovoy Cape Spokoynyy 44 55 55 44 01 15 44 10 45 44 16 31 44 21 08 145 46 39 145 52 28 146 02 55 146 17 43 146 28 58

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 1 Cape Spiridonov Shikotan Island 1 2 3 Cape Dumkov Cape Otradnyy To the north of Cape Uglovoy 43 53 27 43 52 31 43 49 12 146 49 15 146 46 20 146 36 38

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 4 4 5 Cape Uglovoy To the north of Cape Smelyy 43 48 02 43 44 48 146 35 01 146 34 57

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 6 6 7 8 Cape Smelyy Cliff off Cape Ostrovnoy Cape Voloshin 43 44 38 43 44 12 43 42 11 146 35 03 146 35 30 146 38 12

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 9 9 10 Cliff to the east of Cape Voloshin Grig Island, southwestern extremity 43 42 18 43 44 40 146 40 28 146 47 18

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 11

499

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: PACIFIC OCEAN POINT 11 12 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION Grig Island, eastern extremity Cape Nepokornyy LATITUDE NORTH 43 45 10 43 48 15 LONGITUDE EAST 146 48 20 146 53 54

Further along the line to the lowest tide to point 1 1 Cape Dumkov Komandorskiye Islands Bering Island 1 2 3 Cape Tonkiy Nadvodnyy Rock Sivuchiy Rock 55 19 46 55 21 44 55 22 14 166 14 40 166 02 39 165 57 47

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 4 4 5 6 Cape Severo-Zapadnyy Ariy-Kamen' Island Cape Tonkiy 55 17 10 55 12 40 55 04 29 165 45 02 165 47 10 166 03 30

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 7 7 8 Cape Ostrovnoy Cape Shepitanskiy 54 49 07 54 43 48 166 22 30 166 33 39

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 1 Cape Tonkiy Mednyy Island 1 2 3 Cape Chernyy Cape Zhirovoy Cape Matveya 54 39 14 54 45 34 54 50 50 167 55 32 167 43 30 167 31 30

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 1 Cape Chernyy

The same decree establishes that the waters of the Penzhinskaya Inlet north of the line connecting the southern islet off Cape Povorotnyy with Cape Dal'niy are, as waters of an historical bay, internal waters. Russian Straight Baselines: Arctic Continental Coast and Islands, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea Decree 4450 Decree 4450 of the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers of January 15, 1985, approved a list of geographic coordinates of points which define the position of baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of the U.S.S.R. off the continental coast and the islands of the Arctic Ocean and the Baltic and Black Seas are measured. The list is published below. Decree 4450 also establishes that the waters of the White Sea south of the line connecting Cape Svyatoy Nos with Cape Kanin Nos, the waters of Cheshskaya Bay south of the line connecting Cape Mikulkin with Cope Svyatoy Nos (Timanskiy), as well as the waters of Baydaratskaya Bay southeast of the line connecting Cape Yuribeysalya with Cape Belushiy Nos are, as waters historically belonging to the U.S.S.R., internal waters.

500

DoD 2005.1-M
TABLE C1.T212. RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION Boundary sign No. 415 (sea buoy) Cape Nemetskiy Islet to the east of Cape Nemetskiy Cape Kekurskiy Islet to the southeast of Cape Kekurskiy Islet off Cape Lognavolok Islet off Cape Laush LATITUDE 69 47 41 69 57 2 69 57 2 69 56 7 69 56 4 69 46 2 69 44 5 LONGITUDE 30 49 15 31 56 7 31 57 2 32 03 5 32 05 4 32 57 4 33 04 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 10 8 9 Rybachiy Peninsula, Cape Tsypnavolok Kil'din, northwest coast Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Kil'din Island, eastern extremity Cape to the east of Cape Teriberskiy Cape to the west of Opasova Bay Voronyi Ludki Islands, northern island Bol'shiye Voronukhi Island, northern extremity Islet to the north of Cape Glyaden' Cape Belyy Navolok Severnyy Islet to the north of the eastern extremity of Bol'shoy Oleniy Island Cape Malyy Vyashchin Sem' Ostrovov Islands, Kharlov Island, northeastern cape Kharlovskiye Baklyshi Islands, northern island Malyy Litskiy Island Nokuyev Island, northern extremity Cape Chernyy Cape Fadeyeva Cape Svyatoy Nos Cape Kanin Nos 69 20 0 69 15 2 69 15 0 69 12 3 69 12 1 69 06 8 69 05 9 69 03 9 69 00 0 68 48 9 68 48 3 68 41 8 68 23 5 68 22 2 68 18 0 68 09 5 68 39 9 34 24 2 35 15 2 35 18 0 35 48 4 35 49 2 36 12 9 36 17 0 36 25 1 36 37 5 37 21 6 37 24 8 37 46 5 38 27 6 38 39 0 38 53 8 38 44 6 43 17 5 69 42 9 69 22 8 33 07 9 34 01 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 27 27 28 29 Cape Laydennyy Northern extremity of the the island to the east of Cape Laydennyy Kambal'nitskiye Koshki Islands, northern extremity 68 26 1 68 25 2 68 21 5 46 00 0 46 04 0 46 18 1

501

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE LONGITUDE

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 30 30 31 Kambal'nitskiye Koshki Islands, southern extremity Of eastern Koshki Cape to the south of Cape Rybnyy 68 19 3 68 06 9 46 22 3 46 33 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 32 32 33 Cape Mikulkin Cape Svyatoy Nos (Timanskiy) 67 48 5 67 54 8 46 41 8 48 35 7

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 34 34 35 Southern headland of Verkhniy Shar Strait Northern headland of Verkhniy Shar Strait 68 21 2 68 22 8 50 46 8 50 48 9

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 36 36 37 Western headland of Nizhniy Shar Strait Eastern headland of Nizhniy Shar Strait 68 28 8 68 29 2 51 30 4 51 33 5

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 38 38 39 Cape Tonkiy Nos Cape Kolokolkovskiy Nos 68 34 2 68 35 4 52 12 6 52 16 6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 40 40 41 42 Russkiy Zavorot Peninsula Gulyayevskaya Koshka No. 1 Island, northern extremity Gulyayevskaya Koshka No. 3 Island, northern extremity 68 59 4 68 59 2 68 56 1 54 26 9 54 37 5 55 23 9

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 43 43 44 45 Gulyayevskaya Koshka No. 3 Island, southeastern extremity Gulyayevskaya Koshka No. 7 Island Cape Bizekova 68 52 2 68 48 9 68 42 7 55 39 1 56 31 7 57 14 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 46 46 47 Western headland of Varandeyskaya Bay Eastern headland of Varandeyskaya Bay 68 48 1 68 48 4 57 56 7 57 58 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 48 48 49 Cape Medynskiy Zavorot Cape Sin'kin Nos 68 57 6 68 42 4 59 19 5 59 57 9

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 50 50 51 52 53 Cape Pyrkov Vaygach Island, islet to the south of Cape Greben' Islet to the south of Cape Karpovo Stanov'ye Islet to the northwest of Cape Karpovo Stanov'ye 69 33 4 69 39 0 69 42 3 69 43 O 60 11 4 59 59 0 59 35 8 59 31 9

502

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION Lyamchin Peninsula, southwestern extremity Cape to the northeast of Lyamchin Peninsula Podrezona Luda Island Mikhaylova Islands, western islet to the northest of Polilova Islands Novaya Zemlya Islands, cliff to the the south of Cape Kusov Nos Pyniny Islands, eastern island Pyniny Islands, western island Bratkov Island, eastern extremity LATITUDE 69 51 4 69 57 9 70 02 7 70 12 9 70 27 6 70 26 6 70 26 6 70 27 8 LONGITUDE 59 04 6 58 48 1 58 36 9 58 19 9 57 08 3 56 36 0 56 31 8 56 18 1

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 62 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Bratkov Island, western extremity Bol'shoy Sakhanin Island, southern extremity Cape Malyy Kushnyy Rakovaya Ludka Islands, western island Muchnyye Islands, southern island Savina Kovriga Peninsula, southwestern extremity Cape Kostin Nos Mezhdusharskiy Island, western coast Cape Ne-Bazar-Salya 70 27 8 70 29 1 70 38 7 70 42 1 70 46 8 70 47 8 70 56 5 71 15 6 71 32 0 56 17 5 55 20 6 54 39 2 53 52 7 53 34 2 53 30 0 53 02 6 52 15 3 51 37 7

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 71 71 72 Cape Severnyy Gusinyy Nos Cape Britvin 72 09 1 72 43 0 51 49 5 52 24 4

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 73 73 74 Cape Chum Cape Fedorova 72 51 0 73 07 6 52 37 0 53 11 4

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 75 75 76 77 Cape Dolgiy Mityushev Island, Cape Rifovyy Cape to the northwest of Cape Ostrovnoy 73 14 4 73 25 1 73 37 2 53 30 2 54 00 6 53 59 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 78 78 79 80 81 Cape Sukhoy Nos Islet to the north of Cape Sukhoy Nos Cape to the northeast of Cape Bera Cape Litke 73 47 4 73 47 8 73 54 0 73 59 8 53 42 4 53 42 9 54 16 0 54 34 6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 82

503

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 82 83 Cape Smirnova Cliff to the north of Cape Prokof'yeva GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE 74 O9 4 74 14 8 LONGITUDE 55 02 2 55 06 3

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 84 84 85 Cape to the southwest of Cape Ivana Malysheva Cape Pavla Zaytseva 74 15 7 74 20 8 55 07 2 55 17 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 86 86 87 88 89 90 91 Cape Stepovogo Cape Sidensnera Cape Ptichiy Borisova Island, western extremity Cape Spidill Cape Gidrograf 74 24 5 74 32 5 74 36 6 74 47 0 74 57 6 75 03 1 55 22 0 55 33 7 55 36 0 55 47 9 55 50 4 55 45 3

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 92 92 93 Cape Nikolaya Cape Lava 75 10 8 75 16 6 56 00 9 56 43 4

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 94 94 95 96 97 98 Cape Maslennikova Western islet to the southwest of Cape Solumekogo Vil'yama Islands, west coast Western islet to the west of Berkha Island Islet to the south of Severnyy Krestovyy Island 75 22 8 75 39 0 75 48 4 75 54 0 76 02 8 57 02 6 58 00 6 58 34 6 58 48 0 59 01 7

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 99 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 Severnyy Krestovyy Island, northern extremity Pankkrat'yeva Island, Cape Nablyudeniy Barentsa Islands, western island, Cape Bastiony Barentsa Islands, western island, eastern cape Barentsa Islands, eastern island Cape Nassau Cape Utesheniya Cape Nalivkina Gol'fstrim Islands, northern island, western extremity 76 04 2 76 09 3 76 17 0 76 17 3 76 17 6 76 17 9 76 15 6 76 19 7 76 25 1 59 07 8 60 06 2 61 01 6 61 10 5 61 22 6 61 39 6 62 45 8 63 43 6 64 10 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 108 108 109 Gol'fstrim Islands, northern island, eastern extremity Cliff off Cape Vize 76 25 3 76 28 9 64 12 0 64 56 0

504

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 110 111 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION Western islet off Cape Balashova Cape Kushakova LATITUDE 76 32 6 76 38 8 LONGITUDE 65 24 0 65 49 4

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 112 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 Cape Medvezhiy Cape Anna Cape Bol'shoy Ledyanoy Cape Yermolayeva Cape Varneka Bol'shiye Oranskie Islands, western island Bol'shiye Oranskie Islands, eastern island Loshkina Island, northeastern Cape Island to the northeast of Cape Zhelaniya Cape Mona Cape De-Fera Cape Flissingskiy Cape Konstantina Cape Sporyy Navolok 76 44 2 76 49 1 76 52 4 76 54 8 76 56 3 77 02 2 77 02 6 76 58 2 76 57 2 76 51 9 76 46 8 76 42 1 76 32 1 76 14 9 66 01 5 66 26 6 66 43 5 66 56 4 67 02 9 67 40 2 67 45 4 68 30 3 68 36 2 68 49 7 69 00 2 69 05 4 68 57 0 68 18 4

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 126 126 127 Cape Opasnyy Cape to the northeast of Cape Skalistyy 75 36 7 75 34 8 63 47 4 63 22 5

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 128 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 Cape Edvard Novyy Peninsula, southeastern extremity Kamen' Island Cape to the northeast of Neupokoyeva Bay Cape Vysokiy Cape to the northeast of Cape Gorka Glumyanoy Island Kamen' Yuzhnyy Cliff Cape Lutkovskogo Krasheninnikova, southeastern extremity Domashniy Island, Cape Pyat' Pl'tsev Cape to the northeast of Cape Burlivyy Cape Voronina 75 25 2 75 12 8 75 01 8 74 51 1 74 44 1 74 35 8 74 26 4 74 22 9 74 12 8 74 06 4 73 59 1 73 46 1 73 36 0 62 14 0 61 30 0 60 58 9 60 34 0 60 16 2 59 51 4 59 35 0 59 30 1 58 44 0 58 31 8 58 15 3 57 53 5 57 35 4

505

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 141 Cape Tsebrikova GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE 73 26 8 LONGITUDE 57 14 6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 142 142 143 144 145 146 Cape Kankrina Cape Vykhodnoy Cape Klokova Cape Brandta Cape Kutuzova 73 18 0 73 14 0 73 06 5 73 01 3 72 52 3 56 54 2 56 43 8 56 33 0 56 26 0 56 15 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 147 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 Cape Cape Galla Fedora Island, southern extremity Cape Vishnevskogo Cape to the northeast of Cape Gessena Cape Yershova Cape Abrosimova 72 47 0 72 39 0 72 26 0 72 13 9 72 10 5 72 03 4 71 55 0 56 08 0 55 55 7 55 36 5 55 33 4 55 34 7 55 27 7 55 27 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 154 154 155 Cape Rozhnova Cape Klokacheva 71 45.9 71 40.9 55 35.0 55 38.6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 156 156 157 Cape Menshikova Vaygach Island, Cape Bolvanskiy Nos 70 42.3 70 27.9 57 36.7 59 02.8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 158 158 159 Islet to the south east of Cape Drovyanoy Mestnyy Island, Cape Lama 69 56.1 69 51.9 60 27.8 61 10.8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 160 160 161 Mestnyy Island, Cape Kheng Cape Andreyeva 69 50 4 69 46 3 61 16 1 61 43 2

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 162 162 163 164 Cape Yuribeysalya Cape Belushiy Nos Sharapovy Koshki Islands, southern extremity of southern island 69 16 7 70 02 7 70 23 0 64 59 4 67 00 0 66 53 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 165 165 166 Cape Skuratova Belyy Island, Cape Rogozina 72 56 6 73 23 O 69 24 O 70 01 0

506

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 167 168 Cape Ivanova Belyy Island, northeast coast GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE 73 24 6 73 18 0 LONGITUDE 71 16 0 71 30 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 169 169 170 Cape Shuberta Shokal'skogo Island, west coast 73 09 6 73 03 0 71 40 6 74 08 5

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 171 171 172 Cape Severo-Vostochnyy Vil'kitskogo Island, southwestern extremity 73 05 2 73 22 4 74 41 8 75 22 7

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 173 173 174 175 Vostochnaya Spit Island to the northwest of Suslova Island Zapadnyy Kamennyy Island, west coast 73 23 4 73 34 4 74 04 7 76 45 6 80 32 3 82 26 4 .

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 176 176 177 178 Cape Naves Baranova Island Vardroppera Island, southern extremity 74 08 7 74 27 7 74 37 4 82 38 3 84 14 5 84 14 4

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 179 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 Vardroppera Island, northern extremity Diabazovyy Island, Cape Nordenshel'da Skott-Gansena Islands, western island Ringnesa Island, western extremity Granitnyy Island Krakova Island Krayniy Island Belukha Island Udarnik Island Gydoyamo Island Makarova Island, Cape Zapadnyy Kazak Island, western extremity 74 39 6 74 52 9 75 16 7 75 38 0 75 42 2 75 42 2 75 41 0 76 03 0 76 03 6 76 04 2 76 34 8 76 37 0 84 14 8 85 13 3 86 07 6 87 53 7 88 00 4 88 41 7 89 07 4 91 26 0 91 44 2 92 05 6 93 57 0 94 00 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 191 191 192 193 Kazak Island, northwestern extremity Lenin Island Russkiy Island, western extremity 76 37 4 76 46 0 76 58 4 94 01 8 94 30 7 95 17 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 194

507

DoD 2005.1-M
RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 Cape Ruskiy Severnyy Bol'shevik Island, Cape Neupokoyeva Cape Gusinyy Nos Opasnyye Islands, western island Olen'yi, southern island Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsii Island, Slantsevaya River, western headland Cape Zverovoy Cape Mednyy GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE 77 10 4 77 55 0 78 00 7 78 19 0 78 44 0 78 52 8 78 59 4 79 O1 3 LONGITUDE 96 29 3 99 34 0 99 23 1 97 57 5 97 51 8 97 09 8 95 43 5 95 05 7

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 202 202 203 Cape to the northwest of Cape Mednyy Samoylovicha Island, eastern extremity 79 02 3 79 03 7 94 54 2 92 52 5

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 204 204 205 206 Samoylovicha Island, western extremity Sedova Archipelago, Sfedniy Island, Cape Vkhodnoy Golomyanyy Island, to the southeast of Cape Promyslovyy 79 07 7 79 27 3 79 32 2 92 17 0 91 24 0 90 45 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 207 207 208 209 210 Golomyanyy Island, Cape Promyslovyy Pioner Island, Cape Krupskoy Cape Dzerzhinskogo Cape to the south of Cape Budennogo 79 33 0 79 44 4 79 51 8 80 03 3 90 32 7 91 11 8 91 07 8 90 59 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 211 211 212 213 214 Cape Budennogo Komsomolets Island, Cape Frunze Slitnyy Island Island to the north of Shar Island, western extremity 80 03 9 80 15 7 80 24 1 80 43 3 91 00 0 91 29 0 91 30 3 92 31 4

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 215 215 216 Cape Karla Librnekhta Kolobok Island, western extremity 80 56 9 81 06 3 93 09 6 93 12 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 217 217 218 Kolobok lsland, northern extremity Polyarnyy Glacier, western extremity 81 06 6 81 13 8 93 12 7 95 06 7

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 219 219 220 Polyarnyy Glacier, eastern extremity L'dinka Island, eastern extremity 81 13 2 81 11 7 96 04 0 96 09 5

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RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 221 222 223 224 225 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION Cape to the northwest of Cape Lokot' Cape Lokot' Eastern extremity shoal to the southeast of Cape Lokot' Eastern edge of drying sandbar of Razdel'nyy Island Cape Bukhteyeva LATITUDE 80 59 4 80 47 5 80 44 6 80 40 2 80 19 5 LONGITUDE 96 48 0 97 51 1 98 05 7 98 10 8 97 29 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 226 226 227 228 229 Cape to the south of Cape Bukhteyeva Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsii Island; Cape Gvardeytsev Blizhniy Island Cape to the east of Cape Sapog 80 17 4 80 09 3 80 05 0 80 03 2 97 30 0 97 42 0 98 38 7 99 09 6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 230 230 231 Cape Nekrasova Cape Berga 80 02 4 80 01 3 99 21 2 99 23 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 232 232 233 234 Zakrytaya Bay, northern headland Cape to the south of Zskrytaya Bay Cape Lagernyy 80 00 2 79 58 2 79 55 1 99 28 5 99 36 0 99 49 3

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 235 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 Cape to the north of Cape Kamen' Island to the north of Cape Anuchina Bol'shevik Island, Cape Peschanyy Cape to the northwest of Cape Mokryy Cape Mokryy Cape Tyazhelyy Cape Tsingera Lavrova Island, Cape Lavrova Morskoy Island Islet to the southeast of Morskoy Island Cape to the southeast of Cape Zamykayushchiy 79 48 5 79 40 7 79 25 6 79 22 8 79 18 5 79 10 4 79 07 8 79 02 4 78 53 2 78 49 6 78 48 8 100 05 8 100 21 0 102 28 5 102 53 8 1O3 11 0 1O3 53 9 104 04 5 104 25 7 104 58 0 105 10 4 105 10 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 246 246 247 Kruglaya Bay, northern headland Kruglaya Bay, southern headland 78 43 2 78 42 4 105 22 5 105 21 7

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 248 248 Cape Morozova 78 32 5 1O5 27 0

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RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 249 250 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION Mayskiye Islands, northeastern islet Malyy Taymyr Island, islet off Cape Baza LATITUDE 78 22 4 78 09 6 LONGITUDE 106 39 0 107 44 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 251 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 Cape Murmanets Oval Island, southeastern extremity Islet to the northeast of Promyslovyy Island Bol'shoy Island, cape to the Southeast of Cape Bol'shoy Faddeya-Vostochnyy Island Cape Krestovyy Andreya Island; Cape Peleng 78 02 2 77 22 9 77 21 4 77 19 4 76 59 0 76 44 9 76 47 1 107 27 8 107 34 4 107 40 0 107 45 0 108 12 8 109 24 8 110 48 6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 258 258 259 Andreya Island, cape to the Southeast of Cape Peleng Koshka Island, northern extremity 76 46 7 76 46 4 110 50 4 111 10 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 260 260 261 Koshka Island, southeastern extremity Vstrech Island, Cape Mayachnyy 76 43 2 76 38 2 111 22 5 112 16 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 262 262 263 Bar'yernaya Spit, southern extremity Kleshnya Island, western extremity 76 33 4 76 28 0 112 37 0 113 00 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 264 264 265 Kleshnya Island, southeastern extremity Northern extremity of island to the southeast of Kleshiya Island 76 27 0 76 26 6 113 12 0 113 14 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 266 266 267 Nord Bay, northern headland Nord Bay, southern headland 76 24 4 76 23 9 113 23 5 113 24 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 268 268 269 270 Yuzhnyy Island, Cape Yuzhnyy Islet to the northwest of Psov Island Northern extremity of Vostochneye Spit of Cape Nezametnyy 76 20 3 76 05 3 75 55 4 113 28 5 113 32 7 113 52.6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 271 271 272 Marii Pronchishchevoy Peninsula Morzhovaya Spit 75 34 9 75 30 4 113 40 4 113 42 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 273 273 Cape Tsvetkova 74 55 9 112 44 5

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RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 274 275 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION Preobrazheniya Island, cape to the south of Cape Nord Bol'shoy Begichev Island, northeastern extremity LATITUDE 74 40 1 74 26 5 LONGITUDE 112 59 7 113 25 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 276 276 277 Cape Medvezhiy Cape Paksa 74 04 6 74 00 0 112 49 9 112 49 9

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 278 278 279 Cape Mayak To the southwest of Cape Mus-Khaya 73 36 1 73 35 0 113 28 4 114 06 4

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 280 280 281 282 Cape Terpyay-Tumsa Northern extremity of island to the north of Samul-Ary Island Northern extremity of island to the north of Sinn'yiges-Ary Island 73 28 4 73 10 7 73 11 0 119 00 0 119 41 4 120 02 4

Further along the line of.the lowest tide to point 283 283 284 Southern extremity of island to the northeast of Sinn'yiges-Ary Island Northwestern extremity of island to the north of Khastakh-Ary Islands 73 10 0 73 09 1 120 11 4 120 20 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 285 285 286 287 Southeastern extremity of island to the north of Khastakh-Ary Islands Kharynka-Belkeye Island, eastern extremity Cape Kuruna-Stan 73 08 4 73 00 5 72 58.7 120 23 8 120 32 O 120 32 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 288 288 289 29O 291 292 Cape Stannakh-Khocho Northern extremity of drying sandbar of Elakhan-Yuyes Channel Northern extremity of island to the northwest of Petrusha-Aryta Island Northern extremity of island to the northeast of Petrusha-Aryta Island Cherkannakh-Kumaga Spit, southern extremity 72 58 0 73 03 9 73 05 0 73 06 0 73 11 7 121 43 7 122 02 6 122 19 4 122 37 2 123 22 4

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 293 293 294 Turkunnakh-Kumaga Spit, northern extremity Kyuryues-Kumaga Spit, southern extremity 73 24 2 73 25 3 123 13 6 123 12 5

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 295 295 296 Babaryna-Kumaga Spit, northern extremity Ary-Orto-Stan Spit, southern extremity 73 35 4 73 37 6 123 12 0 123 13 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 297 297 298 Ary-Ofto-Stan Spit, northern extremity Samoleta Island, southern extremity 73 43 1 73 50 0 123 21 0 123 11 0

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RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE LONGITUDE

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 299 299 300 Samoleta Island, west coast Aerosemki Island, west coast 73 52 4 73 57 6 123 06 3 123 08 6

Further along the line of the lowest tide-to point 301 301 302 Aerosemki Island, northeastern cape Dunay Islands, westernextremity of the northern island 73 59 5 73 54 6 123 14 0 124 21 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 303 303 304 305 Dunay Islands, eastern extremity Drying shoal to the northeast of Kuba Island Alkhai-Belkeye Island, northeastern extremity 73 53 3 73 41 0 73 31 8 124 58 6 125 59 0 127 39 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 306 306 307 308 Khas-Agalar-Belkeye Island, eastern extremity Islet to the east of Sasyllakh-Ary Island Grigoriy Islands; northeastern extremity 73 28 5 73 06 4 73 00 3 128 07 5 129 14 5 129 32 5

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 309 309 310 311 312 313 Grigoriy Islands, eastern extremity Eastern extremity of sandy islands to the southeast of Kyllakh-Kubata Bay Khastyr-Bulgunnyakha Island Cape Muostakh Muostakh Island, northern extremity 72 59 7 72 22 2 72 14 3 71 42 2 71 36 5 129 33 8 129 40 3 129 38 0 . 129 36 0 129 56 6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 314 314 315 316 317 Muostakh Island, southern extremity Cape Khara-Ulakh Cape Kamennyy Stolb Bulunskaya Channel, northern headland 71 30 4 71 04 2 70 58 0 71 09 4 130 01 8 130 10 0 13O 50 8 131 50 5

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 318 318 319 Cape Buor-Khaya Buorkhainskaya Spit, northern coast 71 56 7 71 58 0 132 46 6 133 01 5

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 320 320 321 Buorkhainskaya Spit, southeastern coast Cape Mus-Tala 71 53 4 71 44 2 133 19 4 132 57 9

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 322 322 323 Drying sandbar of the delta of the Yana River Yarok Island, drying sandbar 71 39 2 71 36 2 136 09 6 137 28 0

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RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 324 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION Makar Island, southwest coast LATITUDE 71 50 4 LONGITUDE 138 20 7

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 325 325 326 Drying sandbar to the northeast of Makar Island Cape Darygan 71 58 1 72 14 6 138 47 8 139 07 9

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 327 327 328 329 Drying sandbar to the northeast of Cape Churkina Cape Svyatoy Nos Bol. Lyakhovskiy Island, to the east of Cape Kigilyakh 72 35 7 72 52 3 73 20 5 139 57 2 140 42 9 139 59 2

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 33O 330 331 Cape Vagina Mal. Lyakhovskiy Island, west coast 73 25 4 74 00 2 139 49 O 140 16 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 332 332 333 Mal. Lyakhovskiy Coast, northwest coast Kotel'nyy Island, Cape Medvezhiy 74 11 6 74 38 0 140 11 0 139 09 3

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 334 334 335 336 Cape Rozovyy Cape Durnoy Mikhaylova Peninsula, southern cape 75 20 6 75 35 1 75 41 9 136 55 7 136 59 3 137 08 9

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 337 337 338 Mikhaylova Peninsula, northern coast Estuary of the Bysakh-Karga River 75 45 9 75 52 1 137 16 0 137 28.0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 339 339 340 Cape Domashniy Cape to the north of Stantsii Lagoon 75 59 9 76 05 0 137 44 9 138 10 6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 341 341 342 Cape Anisiy Nanosnyy Island, northwestern extremity 76 12 2 76 17 8 139 07 5 140 22 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 343 343 344 Nanosnyy Island, northeastern cape Zemlya Bunge Island, Cape Berezhnykh 76 17 8 76 10 3 140 24 0 141 23 5

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 345 345 346 Faddeyevskiy Island, Cape Blagoveshchenskiy Cape Pestsovyy 75 29 7 75 16 4 145 24 7 144 58 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 347

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RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 347 348 349 350 Cape Podpol'ye Neizvestnyye Island Zemlya Bunge Island, southern extremity Mal. Lyakhovskiy Island, Cape Kvoynova GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE 75 02 9 74 53 8 74 47 9 74 16 0 LONGITUDE 144 23 0 143 54 9 142 31 7 14O 51 2

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 351 351 352 Rozhok Spit Bol. Lyakhovskiy Island, Cape Mal. Van'kin 74 06 0 73 54 5 141 04 0 142 03 2

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 353 353 354 355 Cape to the south of Cape Orto-Yuryakh Khopto-Terer Island Estuary of the Kondrat'yeva River, western headland 73 25 5 73 12 6 72 39 6 143 36 5 143 37 8 143 44 4

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 356 356 357 Omulyzkhskaya Bay, northern headland Cape Khantashinskiy 72 20 4 72 18 2 146 50 4 147 08 7

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 358 358 359 360 Lopatka Peninsula, eastern extremity Most northern islet in the delta of the Indigirka River Ularovskiy Island, northern extremity 71 53 0 71 39 9 71 33 7 150 05 8 15O 18 8 151 10 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 361 361 362 363 364 365 Ularovskiy Island, eastern extremity Northern extremity of the Sandy island in the estuary of Konechnaya Channel Eastern extremity of the Sandy island to the southeast of Konechnaya Channel To the north of Kolesovskiy Island Western headland of the estuary of the Khar-Yuryakh River 71 33 2 71 19 8 71 16 0 71 01 3 70 51 0 151 11 0 151 37 2 151 44 0 152 07 0 152 23 3

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 366 366 367 368 369 370 371 Cape Bol'shoy Chukochiy Cape Malyy Chukochiy Island to the northwest of the estuary of Chukoch'ya Channel; northern extremity Drying shoal in the estuary of Pokhodskaya Channel Drying shoal to the north of Morskiye Sotki Islands Cape Medveshiy 70 06 7 70 04 7 69 45 0 69 41 4 69 40 7 69 40 6 159 55 9 159 57 0 160 10 6 161 07 6 161 47 1 162 21 6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 372 372 373 Malyy Chaunskiy Strait, Southern headland Malyy Chaunskiy Strait, northern headland 69 45 9 69 48 6 167 44 6 167 47 2

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RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE LONGITUDE

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 374 374 375 Southeastern extremity of the drying sandbar of Chenkuul' Island Cape Kytekenmeem 69 53 5 69 58 2 169 24 0 170 32 1

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 376 376 377 378 379 Cape to the west of Cape Kibera Shalaurova Island Cape Achim Most northern islet in the estuary of the Pykhtymel' River 69 57 0 69 59 0 69 56 0 69 54 6 172 39 3 172 46 0 173 28 7 174 02 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 380 380 381 Pil'gyn Strait, western headland Pil'gyn Strait, eastern headland 68 34 4 68 34 4 178 27 6 178 26 6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 382 382 383 384 385 386 387 Amguema Lagoon, western headland Amguema Lagoon, eastern headland Cape Vankarem Karkarpko Island, northern extremity Cape Onman Kolyuchii Island, northern extremity 68 15 4 68 14 6 67 50 7 67 50 5 67 40 0 67 28 7 177 26 6 177 21 0 175 48 3 175 46 0 175 17 3 174 38 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 388 388 389 Kolyuchii Island, east coast Cape Dzhenretlen 67 27 6 67 06 8 174 35 6 173 39 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 390 390 391 To the west of Cape Neskyn Cape Neskyn 67 02 7 67 02 8 173 04 0 173 02 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to Cape Dezhneva 1 2 Vostochnyye Ploskiye Koshki Spit Eastern extremity of Yuzhnyye Ploskiye Koshki Spit 68 57 7 68 41 3 50 07 7 49 37 4

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa Archipelago Zemlya Aleksandry Island 1 2 Cape Melekhove Cape Dobkina 80 42 8 80 40 6 47 53 5 47 33 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 3 3 Cape Ludlova 80 26 8 46 04 4

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RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 4 Cape Lofli Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 Zemlya Georga Island 1 2 Cape Piterkhed Cape Kruglyy 80 22 2 80 10 5 49 44 3 49 06 0 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE 80 30 5 LONGITUDE 45 34 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 3 3 4 5 6 Cape Forbsa Cape Stivensa Cape Granta Cape Krautera 80 08 2 80 04 3 80 02 8 80 09 3 48 54 4 48 20 5 47 43 7 47 09 6

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 7 7 8 Cape Voyeykova Cape Nansena 80 22 8 80 27 3 47 14 4 47 25 5

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 9 9 10 Cape Universitetskiy Cape Yekaterinina 80 37 8 80 43 2 49 16 0 49 06 1

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 11 11 12 Cape Pilotov Cape Bryusa 80 55 7 80 56 9 50 25 8 50 52 5

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 13 13 14 Cape Grosvenor Cape Chads-Khed 80 51 4 80 47 9 51 01 6 51 16 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 Zemlya Gallya Island 1 2 Cape Frankfurt Littrova Peninsula, northeastern cape. 80 18 7 80 12 4 59 14 9 58 29 3

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 3 3 4 Cape Ozernyy Cape Tegetkhof 80 08 6 80 05 4 58 25 4 58 04 1

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 Novaya Sibir' Island 1 2 Cape to the southeast of Cape Vysokiy Cape Goristyy 75 33 0 75 26 5 146 40 4 147 36 8

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 3

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RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ARCTIC OCEAN POINT 3 4 Cape Ploskiy Cape Pestryy GEOGRAPHIC POSITION LATITUDE 75 22 2 75 15 7 LONGITUDE 148 35 0 149 21 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 5 5 6 Cape Ryaboy Cape Kamennyy 75 12 4 75 08 8 150 06 8 150 50 3

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 Vrangelya Island 1 2 3 Southern headland of Drem-Khed Lagoon Island on Drem-Khed Lagoon Drem-Khed Lagoon, northern cape 71 27 7 71 29 3 71 30 4 179 42 4 179 47 8 179 52 0

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 4 4 5 6 7 8 Cape Ushakova Cape to the northeast of Cape Ushakova Cape to the west of Cape Evans Islet to the northeast of Cape Evans Most northern island of Pestsovaya Bay 71 32 3 71 33 2 71 34 2 71 35 6 71 36 2 179 57 4 179 50 3 179 42 8 179 31 2 179 14 1

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 9 9 10 Southern extremity of spit of Davydova Bay Southern extremity of spit of Somnitel'naya Bay 70 52 4 70 51 7 179 21 8 179 32 1

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 1 Baltic Sea Straight baselines claimed by the USSR in the Baltic Sea area are within the territory of Estonia and Latvia. TABLE C1.T213. RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: BALTIC SEA RUSSIA STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: BALTIC SEA POINT 1-36 37 38 GEOGRAPHIC POSITION Now part of independent Ukraine Cape Myskhako Cape Doob 44 39 00 44 37 57 37 44 18 37 54 24 LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST

Further along the line of the lowest tide to point 39 39 40 Cape Tonkiy Cape Tolstyy 44 33 36 44 33 01 38 01 40 38 02 58

Further along the line of the lowest tide to the boundary with the Republic of Turkey

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MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS RUSSIA - FINLAND Following the independence of Estonia, only a limited portion of the Sea Area and Continental Shelf boundary agreements with Finland concluded by the USSR still apply to Russia. The following excerpts cover the Gulf of Finland between Finland and Russia. Agreement concerning the Boundaries of Sea Areas and the Continental Shelf in the Gulf of Finland, 1965, Excerpts Article 1 The Contracting Parties agree that the sea frontier between Finland and the USSR and the boundaries of Finnish and Soviet territorial waters in the section of the Gulf of Finland to the north-east of the island of Suusaari (Gogland) shall be drawn as follows: The sea frontier between the Republic of Finland and the USSR shall follow a straight line in a south-westerly direction from the terminal point of the sea frontier fixed in 1940 and confirmed by the 1947 Treaty of Peace with Finland, whose coordinates are 60 15' 35" north latitude and 27 30' 43" east longitude, to the point whose co-ordinates are 60 13' 42" north latitude and 27 27' 50" east longitude and shall then turn and follow a straight line in a west-south-westerly direction to the point whose coordinates are 60 12' 19" north latitude and 27 18' 01" east longitude, which shall be the terminal point of the sea frontier between Finland and the USSR. From the aforementioned terminal point of the sea frontier, the boundary of Soviet territorial waters shall follow a straight line in a southwesterly direction to the point situated on the boundary of Soviet territorial waters fixed in 1940 and confirmed in the 1947 Treaty of Peace with Finland, whose coordinates are 60 08' 49" north latitude and 27 04' 36" east longitude. The boundary of Finnish territorial waters shall follow a straight line in a westerly direction from the aforementioned terminal point of the sea frontier to the point, situated on the boundary of Finnish territorial waters fixed in 1940 and confirmed by the 1947 Treaty of Peace with Finland, whose coordinates are 60 12' 19" north latitude and 27 13' 49" east longitude. Article 2 The Contracting Parties agree not to extend their fishing rights and other areas in the section of the Gulf of Finland to the north of the island of Suursaari (Gogland) beyond a line marking the middle of the water area between the boundaries of Finnish and Soviet territorial waters fixed in 1940 and confirmed by the 1947 Treaty of Peace with Finland. The said line shall begin at the point whose coordinates are 60 10.6' north latitude and 27 11.3' east longitude and run in a generally westerly direction through the point whose coordinates are 60 10.6' north latitude and 26 57.9' east longitude and the point whose coordinates are 60 10.4' north latitude and 26 54.9' east longitude to the point whose coordinates are 60 08.8' north and 26 47.9' east longitude, which shall be the initial point of the median line in the section of the Gulf of Finland to the west of the island of Suursaari (Gogland). Article 3 The Contracting Parties agree not to extend their territorial waters or their fishing and other areas in the section of the Gulf of Finland to the west of the island of Suursaari (Gogland) beyond the median line passing through the points whose geographical coordinates are the following: TABLE C1.T214. RUSSIA - FINLAND MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES LATITUDE NORTH 60 08.8' 60 06.8' 60 06.4' 60 00.0' 59 59.4' 59 58.4' LONGITUDE EAST 26 47.9' 26 38.4' 26 32.6' 26 20.8' 26 13.1' 26 08.4'

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RUSSIA - NORTH KOREA The following is extracted from the Agreement between the USSR and North Korea on the Delimitation of the Soviet-Korean National Border, signed 17 April 1985. The national border between the USSR and the DPKR begins from the junction of the borders of the USSR, the DPRK, and the PRC (point A). From point A, located in the middle of the Tumen (Tumannaya) River, the line of the border proceeds along the middle of the river in a southeasterly direction approximately 1.1 km from the aforementioned starting point A, then runs southward, and reaches point B along the main channel of the river. Point B is situated in the middle of the main channel of the river approximately 1.4 km southeast of the western tip of the railway bridge and approximately 1.5 m south of the eastern tip of this same bridge. At point B the line of the border turns southeast and, proceeding along the middle of the main channel of the river, turns south approximately 3.5km from point B and approaches point C. Point C is located in the middle of the main channel of the river, approximately 2.5km southeast of height 89.9 situated on the Korean side, and approximately 2.5 southeast of height 89.9 situated on the Korean side, and approximately 3.3km northeast of height 120.1 on the Korean side. From point C the line of the national border, proceeding southwest along the middle of the channel of the river, approaches point D. Point D is located in the middle of the main channel of the river, approximately 1.2km southeast of height 120.1 situated on the Korean side, and approximately 1.5km east of height 148 on the Korean side. From point D the line of the border passes southward along the middle of the river, leaving one island on the Soviet side and one island on the Korean side, reaches point E. Point E is located in the middle of the main channel of the river, approximately 1.5km southeast of height 154 situated on the Korean side, and approximately 1.0km northeast of height 185 on the Korean side. From point E the line of the border proceeds along the middle of the river in a generally southeastern direction and, leaving on the Korean side the island Tkhory, the island Great Pkhunnyon and the island Little Pkhunnyon, reaches the middle of the Tumannaya (Tumen) River estuary. The final point F of the line of the border on the river is located in the center of a line drawn in the Tumen (Tumannaya) River estuary from the southernmost point of the Soviet coast to the northernmost point of the Korean coast of the Sea of Japan (East Korean Sea). From point F the line of the national border between Soviet and Korean territorial waters passes along a straight line to a point having the geographical coordinates lat. 42 N. long. 130 53' E. The following is extracted from the Agreement between the USSR and North Korea on the Delimitation of the Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf (signed 22 January 1986, EIF May 1986). Article 1 The boundary of the economic zone and the continental shelf between the USSR and DPRK intersects the line of the outer limit of the Soviet and Korean territorial waters, with the geographic coordinates of latitude 42 09.0' North and longitude 130 53.0' East, which was established by the Treaty between the USSR and DPRK on the Lone of the Soviet-Korean State Boundary of April 17, 1985. From this point, the boundary follows a straight line, first southeast, to a point having the geographic coordinates of latitude 39 47.5' North and longitude 133 13.7' East, and then turns eastward and proceeds to a point with the geographic coordinates of latitude 39 39.3' and longitude 133 45.0' East. RUSSIA - NORWAY The following is extracted from the Maritime Boundary Agreement & Protocol between Russia and Norway for Varangerfjord (EIF April 1957). Article 1 The sea frontier between Norway and the USSR in the Varangerfjord shall follow a straight line from frontier mark No. 415 (spar buoy), which is the terminal point of the frontier drawn in 1947, to the intersection of the outer limits of Norwegian and Soviet territorial waters....

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Neither of the Contracting Parties shall extend its territorial waters beyond the straight line extending from the intersection referred to in the first paragraph of this article to the median point of the line between Cape Nemetsky and Cape Kibergnes.... ... The initial point of the sea frontier between Norway and the USSR in the Varangerfjord is frontier mark No. 415 (spar buoy), which is also the terminal point of the Norwegian-Soviet frontier demarcated in 1947. The geographical and rectangular coordinates of frontier mark No. 415 (spar buoy) according to the documents for the demarcation of the State frontier between Norway and the USSR signed at Moscow on December 1947 are as follows: TABLE C1.T215. RUSSIA - NORWAY MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES LATITUDE LONGITUDE X= Y= 69 47' 46.14" 30 49' 09.85" 7,746,912.1 6,415,943.7

From frontier mark No. 415 (spar buoy), the sea frontier between Norway and the USSR runs in a straight line in north-north-easterly direction to the terminal point of this frontier, which is the point of intersection between the outer limit of the Norwegian territorial waters, situated four nautical miles to the east of and parallel with a straight line between Cape Kibergnes and frontier mark No. 415 (spar buoy), and the outer limit of the Soviet territorial waters, situated twelve nautical miles from the northern extremity of the unnamed cape on the Soviet coast east of the frontier river Grense Jakobselv (Vorema). The geographical and rectangular coordinates of the terminal point of the sea frontier, having been calculated analytically, are as follows: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T215. LATITUDE LONGITUDE X= Y= 69 58' 50.22" 31 06' 23.11" 7,767,110.9 6,427,642.7

The bearing angle of the Norwegian-Soviet sea frontier from frontier mark No. 415 (spar buoy) to the point of intersection of the outer limits of the Norwegian and the Soviet territorial waters in the Varangerfjord (the terminal point of the sea frontier) is 30 04.7" or 33 g. 4199. The length of the sea frontier is 12.6 nautical miles. the coordinates of the terminal point of the sea frontier were calculated on the basis of the coordinates of frontier mark No. 415 (spar buoy), as determined in 1947, and of the coordinates of Cape Kibergnes and of the unnamed Soviet Cape, as determined by the Joint Commission in 1957. The geographic and rectangular coordinates of Cape Kibergnes are as follows: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T215. LATITUDE LONGITUDE X= Y= 70 17' 17.79" 31 03' 51.00" 7,801,466.0 6, 427,119.0

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The geographic and rectangular coordinates of the unnamed Soviet Cape are as follows: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T215. LATITUDE LONGITUDE X= Y= 69 47' 07.25" 30 59' 29.92" 7,745,479.8 6,422,541.3

In the demarcation of the Norwegian-Soviet sea frontier in the Varangerfjord in 1957, the Joint Soviet-Norwegian Commission also calculated the coordinates of the median point of the line between Cape Nemetsky and Cape Kibergnes. The coordinates of this point are as follows: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T215. LATITUDE LONGITUDE X= Y= 70 07' 19.98" 31 30' 27.29" 7,782,476.8 6,443,355.5

The coordinates of this point were calculated on the basis of the above-mentioned coordinates of Cape Kibergnes and the following coordinates of Cape Nemetsky. CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T215. LATITUDE LONGITUDE X= Y= 69 57' 18.28" 31 56' 38.11" 7,763,488.5 6,459,592.0

RUSSIA - POLAND The following is extracted from the Agreement between Russia and Poland on the Delimitation of the Territorial Sea, the EEZ, the Fishery Zone, and the Continental Shelf in the Baltic Sea of July 1985. Article 1 The boundary of the territorial sea between the USSR and [Poland] shall follow a straight line from a point located on the Baltiiskaia Kosa on the Soviet-Polish state boundary with geographic coordinates 54 27' 28.63" north latitude and 19 38' 30.96" east longitude, to the intersection of that line at a distance of 12nm with the outer limit of the territorial sea of the USSR and [Poland] on a point with geographic coordinates 54 38' 15" north latitude and 19 24' 22" east longitude. Article 2 The boundary of the economic zone, fishery zone and continental shelf between the USSR and [Poland] shall follow a line from a point with geographical coordinates 54 36' 15" north latitude and 19 24' 22" east longitude through the points with the following geographic coordinates:

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TABLE C1.T216. RUSSIA - POLAND MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT A B C D LATITUDE NORTH 54 40' 12" 54 48' 54" 55 20' 48" 55 51' 00" LONGITUDE EAST 19 18' 54" 19 20' 42" 19 03' 48" 18 56' 12"

up to the junction point of the corresponding marine ares of the USSR, [Poland] and the Kingdom of Sweden. Article 4 The present Treaty replaces the corresponding provisions of the Protocol between the USSR and [Poland] on the Delimitation of Soviet and Polish Territorial Waters in the Gulf of Gdansk of the Baltic Sea of 18 March 1958 and the Treaty between the USSR and [Poland] on the Course of the Boundary of the Continental Shelf in the Gulf of Gdansk and the Southeastern Part of the Baltic Sea of 28 August 1969. RUSSIA - POLAND - SWEDEN The following is extracted from the Tripoint Agreement of the former USSR, Poland, and Sweden on the Junction Point of the Maritime Boundaries in the Baltic (EIF May 1990). Article 1 From the points indicated below: - point D with geographic coordinates 55 51' 00" north latitude and 18 56' 12" east longitude, established by the Treaty between [Poland] and the USSR on the Delimitation of the Territorial Sea, the Economic Zone, the Fishery Zone and the Continental Shelf in the Baltic Sea of 17 July 1985': - point A17 with geographic coordinates 55 53,482' north latitude and 18 56,717' east longitude, according to the Soviet coordinate system or 55 53,482' north latitude and 18 56,777' east longitude, according to the Swedish coordinate system, established by agreement between Sweden and the USSR on the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf and of the Soviet Economic Zone and Swedish Fishing Zone in the Baltic Sea of 18 April 1988; - point F with geographic coordinates 55 52,876' north latitude and 18 54.000' east longitude, according to the 'World Geodetic System 1972,' established in accordance with the Agreement on the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf and the Fishery Zones between the Kingdom of Sweden and Poland of 10 February 1989; the delimitation line continues along straight lines (geodetic lines) to the junction point with geographic coordinates 55 52.788' north latitude and 18 55.545' east longitude. RUSSIA (FORMER USSR) - TURKEY The following is extracted from the Agreement between Turkey and the USSR concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf in the Black Sea (signed 23 June 1978, EIF May 1981). Article I The boundary of the continental shelf between the Republic of Turkey and the [USSR] in the Black sea is the line that begins on the final point of the sea boundary line between the territorial seas of Turkey and the Soviet Union in the Black Sea as established by a Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the [USSR] on Determining the Sea Boundary Line between the Territorial Seas of Turkey and Soviet Union in the Black Sea, of April 17, 1973. This line proceeds in general in a westerly direction through points, the geographic coordinates of which are as follows:

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TABLE C1.T217. RUSSIA (FORMER USSR) - TURKEY CONTINENTAL SHELF/EEZ COORDINATES LATITUDE NORTH 4135'41 4157'00" 4201'52" 4208'21" 4220'15" 4225'28" 4310'55" 4326'04" 4326'08" 4311'17" 4311'50" 4320'43" LONGITUDE EAST 4116'33" 4041'33" 4026'00" 3949'37" 3900'13" 3832'10" 3650'42" 3610'57" 3530'25" 3413'10" 3336'56" 3200'00"

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SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS

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SAINT LUCIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jul 84 Maritime Areas Act of 12nm 1984 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jul 84 Maritime Areas Act of 24nm 1984 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jul 84 Maritime Areas Act of CM/ 1984 200nm ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 84 Maritime Areas Act of 200nm Established EEZ. 1984 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Mar 81 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with France (Martinique) EIF upon signature. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Mar 85 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT SAINT LUCIA - FRANCE (MARTINIQUE) The following is extracted from the Maritime Boundary Agreement between Saint Lucia and France (Martinique) (signed and EIF March 1981). Article 1 The delimitation line between the respective maritime areas in which the two States exercise sovereign rights is the equidistant line defined in Article 2. Article 2 (1) The line mentioned in Article 1 lies along the loxodromes connecting the following points, defined by their coordinates, in the order stated: TABLE C1.T218. SAINT LUCIA - MARTINIQUE MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINTS L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 LONGITUDE WEST 62 48' 50" 62 46' 38" 62 13' 40" 61 46' 27" 61 43' 01" 61 23' 58" 61 16' 41" 61 16' 26" 61 11' 18" LATITUDE NORTH 14 04' 50" 14 05' 11" 14 09' 16" 14 10' 15" 14 10' 30" 14 11' 16" 14 12' 27" 14 12' 31" 14 13' 49"

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POINTS L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18 LONGITUDE WEST 61 04' 35" 61 00' 14" 60 53' 31" 60 44' 12" 60 40' 47" 60 10' 37" 60 09' 15" 60 03' 40" 59 59' 59" LATITUDE NORTH 14 15' 10" 14 16' 21" 14 14' 36" 14 13' 09" 14 12' 16" 14 08' 08" 14 08' 00" 14 07' 20" 14 06' 51"

Article 3 The line described in Article 2 shall be the maritime boundary between the zones in which the Parties exercise, or will exercise, in accordance with international law, any sovereign rights or jurisdiction.

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SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

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SAMOA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 99 Maritime Zones Act, 1999, 12nm Prior permission regime for vessels No. 18 carrying nuclear/dangerous cargoes. The U.S. does not recognize this requirement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 99 Maritime Zones Act, Enabling legislation, quotes language from STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 1999, No. 18 UNCLOS, does not give coordinates. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 99 Maritime Zones Act, 1999, 24nm No. 18 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 99 Maritime Zones Act, 1999, 200m No. 18 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 99 Maritime Zones Act, 1999, 200nm EEZ No. 18 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Sep 84 Signed Convention. Jul 95 Aug 95 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Mar 98 Law No. 1/98 12nm Revokes 1978 and 1982 versions of maritime zone laws. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Mar 98 Law No. 1/98 Amended archipelagic baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Mar 98 Law No. 1/98 200nm Excepts boundary waters with Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Nigeria: those to be established by agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 99 Treaty Maritime Boundary Treaty with Equatorial Guinea. Apr 2001 Agreement Maritime Border agreement with Gabon. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jul 83 Signed Convention, with Declaration reserving the right to adopt laws and regulations relating to the innocent passage of warships in the territorial sea, as well as to other security measures. Nov 87 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from Decree Law No. 1/98 of 11 March 1998 modifying the Sao Tome and Principe archipelagic baseline system. Article 2 Archipelagic Baseline The baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe is measured is the straight lines joining the outermost points of the two main islands, the islets and the emersed reefs; it shall be determined by the following geographical coordinates: TABLE C1.T219. SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1 - Ilheu das Rolas (SE) 2 - Ilheu das Rolas (E) 3 - Ilheu das Rolas (SW) 4 - Ilheu Gabado (SW) 5 - Ilheu Coco (W) 6 - Ponta Furada (W) 7 - Ponta Alema 8 - Ponta Diogo Vaz (W) 9 - Pedra da Cale (NW) LATITUDE SOUTH 0 00'45"S 0 00'47"S 0 00'28"S 0 07'52"N 0 12'02"N 0 14'39"N 0 15'48"N 0 19'06"N 1 43'40"N LONGITUDE EAST 6 31'44"E 6 31'21"E 6 31'00"E 6 29'05"E 6 27'58"E 6 27'56"E 6 28'20"E 6 29'51"E 7 22'55"E

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POINT 10 - Ilheus Monteiros (NE) 11 - Ponto a Sul da Ponta da Garca (E) 12 - Ilheu Caroco (SE) 13 - Ilheu Santana (E) 14 - Sete Pedras (SE) LATITUDE SOUTH 1 41'14"N 1 37'40"N 1 30'47"N 0 14'29"N 0 02'17"N LONGITUDE EAST 7 28'20"E 7 27'52"E 7 26'05"E 6 45'59"E 6 37'48"E

The ellipsoid and the datum used in the definition of the geographic coordinates are the following: Ellipsoid used: International Datum: Island of Sao Tome TABLE C1.T220. SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE ELLIPSOID AND DATUM COORDINATES AREA Fortaleza Island of Principe Morro do Papagaio COORDINATES Y = 0 20' 49".02 N L = 6 44 41 .85 E Y = 1 36' 46".87 N L = 7 23 39 .56 E

Article 3 Waters within the Baseline The waters that are enclosed by the baseline are the archipelagic waters in the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS SAO TOME & PRINCIPE - EQUATORIAL GUINEA The following is extracted from the June 1999 Maritime Boundary Treaty between Sao Tome & Principe and Equatorial Guinea. Article 2 The Maritime Boundary between the Republic of Equatorial Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe is established by the geodetic lines that join the following coordinates: a) Between the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Annobon Island) and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe (Sao Tome Island). TABLE C1.T221. SAO TOME & PRINCIPE - EQUATORIAL GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 LATITUDE SOUTH 12904S 04715.8S 01254S 04145.3N 05459.5N LONGITUDE EAST 71630E 61130.7E 51923E 33703.2E 31232.95E

b) Between the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Bioko Island Rio Muni) and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe (Sao Tome and Principe Islands).

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T221. POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LATITUDE NORTH 03725N 10015N 11132.65N 11748N 12414N 13845N 14910N 15445N 20401.6N 21248N 22532N 23135.3N 23834N 25000N 30231.75N LONGITUDE EAST 81142E 81810E 82138.75E 82248E 82408E 82758E 83015E 83115E 83300.5E 82157E 80240E 75320.4E 74213E 72552E 70717.45E

Article 3 The geodetic points defined in article 2 are established in reference to the World Geodetic System 1984.

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SAUDI ARABIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 58 Royal Decree No. 33 12nm Declaration upon Claims power to regulate nuclear-powered Ratification of 1982 LOS vessels in the territorial sea and to require Convention prior authorization for such vessels. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Feb 58 Royal Decree No. 33 Established straight baselines (using STRAIGHT BASELINES, & vague language), does not provide HISTORIC CLAIMS coordinates. See LIS No. 20. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Feb 58 Royal Decree No. 33 18nm Maritime surveillance to ensure compliance with law relating to security, navigation, fiscal and health matters. U.S. does not recognize claim to security jurisdiction and conducted operational assertions in 1998-1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF May 49 Royal Proclamation Nonspecific Royal Decree M/27: NonClaimed ownership of specific Regulations for the specific hydrocarbons and minerals in "the zone ownership of Red Sea extending in the Red Sea bed adjacent to resources the Saudi continental shelf." _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 74 Foreign Ministry NonFishing zone. Statement specific _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Feb 82 Regional Convention for Agreement with Jordan, Sudan, Somalia, REGULATION the Conservation of the Yemen, and the Palestine Liberation Red Sea and the Gulf of Organization to protect environment of Aden Environment Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 58 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Bahrain EIF. See LIS No.12. Dec 65 Jan 69 Agreement Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Qatar. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Iran EIF. See LIS No. 24. Agreement with Sudan relating to joint exploration and exploitation of Red Sea seabed and subsoil resources signed. Maritime boundary agreement with Yemen. Sep 68 Apr 96

May 74

Agreement

Jun 2000

Agreement

Continental shelf boundary agreement with Kuwait. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Jul 2000

Agreement

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U.S. does not recognize these claims. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following excerpts from Royal Decree No. 33 of 16 February 1958 and the analysis afterward are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 20, "Straight Baselines: Saudi Arabia" of 8 June 1970. Article 1 For the purposes of this decree, a. b. c. d. e. The term "nautical mile" is the equivalent of 1,852 meters; The term "bay" includes any inlet, lagoon or other arm of the sea; The term "island" includes any islet, reef, rock, or permanent artificial structure not submerged at lowest low tide; The term "shoal" denotes an area covered by shallow water, a part of which is not submerged at lowest low tide; The term "coast" refers to the coasts of the Red Sea, the Gulf of 'Aqabah, and the Persian Gulf.

Article 2 The territorial sea of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as well as the air space above and the territorial sea bed and the subsoil beneath are under the sovereignty of the Kingdom, subject to the established rules of international law. Article 3 The inland waters of the Kingdom include: a. b. c. d. The waters of the bays along the coasts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; The waters above and landward from any shoal not more than twelve nautical miles from the mainland or from a Saudi Arabian island; The waters between the mainland and a Saudi Arabian island not more than twelve nautical miles from the mainland; The waters between Saudi Arabian islands not farther apart than twelve nautical miles.

Article 4 The territorial sea of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia lies outside the inland waters of the Kingdom and extends seaward for a distance of twelve nautical miles. Article 5 The following are the base-lines from which the territorial sea of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is measured: a. Where the mainland or the shore of an island is fully exposed to the open sea, the lowest low-water mark on the shore; b. Where a bay confronts the open sea, lines drawn from headland to headland across the mouth of the bay; c. Where a shoal is situated not more than twelve nautical miles from the mainland or from a Saudi Arabian island, lines drawn from the mainland or the island and along the outer edge of the shoal; d. Where a port or harbor confronts the open sea, lines drawn along the seaward side of the outermost works of the port or harbor and between such works; e. Where an island is not more than twelve nautical miles from the mainland, lines drawn from the mainland and along the outer shores of the island;

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f. Where there is an island group which may be connected by lines not more than twelve nautical miles long, of which the island nearest to the mainland is not more than twelve nautical miles from the mainland, lines drawn from the mainland and along the outer shores of all the islands of the group if the islands form a chain, or along the outer shores of the outermost islands of the group if the islands do not form a chain; g. Where there is an island group which may be connected by lines not more than twelve nautical miles long, lines drawn along the shore of all the islands of the group if the islands form a chain, or along the outer shores of the outermost islands of the group if the islands do not form a chain. Article 6 If the measurement of the territorial sea in accordance with the provisions of this decree leaves an area of high sea wholly surrounded by the territorial sea and extending not more than twelve nautical miles in any direction, such area shall form part of the territorial sea. The same rule shall apply to a pronounced pocket of high sea which may be wholly enclosed by drawing a single straight line not more than twelve nautical miles long. Article 7 If the territorial sea measured from the base-lines fixed by Article 5 of the decree be overlapped by the waters of another state, boundaries will be determined by our Government in agreement with that state in accordance with equitable principles. Article 8 To assure compliance with the laws of the Kingdom relating to security, navigation, fiscal and sanitary matters, maritime surveillance covers a contiguous zone outside the territorial sea, extending for a distance of six nautical miles in addition to the twelve nautical miles measured from the base-lines of the territorial sea, in accordance with Article 5 of this decree. Article 9 The provisions of this decree shall not affect the rights of the Kingdom with respect to fishing. U.S. ANALYSIS Several unusual features occur in the Saudi decree. A "bay," for example, does not have to meet the semi-circularity requirement or the 24-nautical miles closing limit of the Geneva Convention. According to the decree a "bay" includes any inlet, lagoon or arm of the sea. It should be noted that Saudi Arabia is not a party to the Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone. Secondly, the term "island," as used in the decree, refers to any elevation not below lowest low water. By this definition "drying rocks" or even "rocks awash" qualify as islands which may be utilized for the measurement of the territorial sea or drawing straight baselines. Thirdly, a "shoal," basically an underwater area, equates with an "island" if the shoal possesses one drying rock. The Saudi decree, furthermore permits the use of the outer edge of the shoal and not just the "drying rock" for the limit of the straight baseline/ baseline for the territorial sea. Finally, the decree introduces a negative concept which does not conform with the language of the Geneva Convention. The decree speaks of elevations which are "not submerged by" rather than those which are above lowest low water. Thus, a point at the tidal datum of lowest low water would practically be a "drying rock" and hence an "island" in the Saudi context. Since surveys in the Gulf are not very precise, such a definition could lead to an unlimited extension of the inland waters through the use of extended straight baselines. Applying the criteria produces many problems of interpretation. Virtually all indentations of the coast may be enclosed by bay closing lines. Moreover, the existence of numerous, and often uncharted shoals introduces much confusion in the Persian Gulf area. Two major areas--Fasht Bildani and Fasht al-Kash-- extend over 25 and 15 nautical miles, respectively, along the direction of the coast. The precise details of the two shoals are unmapped on U.S. charts of the Gulf. Instead, rectangular areas are marked off with the warning of the existence of numerous shoals and heads in the area. Since shoals are within 12 nautical miles of the Saudi shoreline or of islands, they thus could be enclosed within straight baselines. Similar shoal areas, also within the specified distance of Saudi territory, extend southward to Ra's at-Tannurah, near the sea frontier with Bahrain. Presumably, if the law were applied strictly, straight baselines would extend for the entire coastline from the former Neutral Zone boundary to Bahrain. It is impossible to generalize, as a result, the extent of the Saudi claims in the Gulf. Moreover, a similar situation exists along the Red Sea coast. From the Yemeni boundary northward, the coast is fringed virtually continuously with "islands" and "shoals" as far as the Gulf of Aqaba. U.S. charts show many of the shoals to contain "rocks awash" or "sunken rocks" which might qualify, with the lower Saudi datum, as "islands." In the Strait of Tiran, the Saudi islands of Tiran and Sanafir are within 12 nautical miles of the coast and each other, (as well as other adjacent islands). Straight baselines could presumably be drawn about them. In contrast, the Gulf of Aqaba is virtually without islands. If the Saudi decree were rigorously applied, it would appear that, with the exception of the Gulf of Aqaba, virtually all of the state coasts would be bordered by straight baselines. These would extend from 12 to 20 nautical miles from the coast. Since, in the negotiations with Iran for the division of the continental shelf of the Gulf, Saudi Arabia utilized the Indian spring low water line of its coast line and not straight baselines, it would appear that an extreme interpretation is not given to the language of the Decree. The precise delimitation of the straight baselines, however, will have to await the publication of official charts as required by the Geneva Convention. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS

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SAUDI ARABIA - BAHRAIN The following is extracted from the Continental Shelf Boundary Agreement between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain (EIF February 1958). First Clause 1. The boundary line between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Bahrain Government will begin, on the basis of the middle line from point 1, which is situated at the mid-point of the line running between the tip of the Ras al Bar (A) at the southern extremity of Bahrain and Ras Muharra (B) on the coast of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2. Then the above-mentioned middle line will extend from point 1 to point 2 situated at the mid-point of the line running between point (A) and the northern tip of the island of Zakhnuniya (C). 3. Then the line will extend from point 2 to point 3 situated at the mid-point of the line running between point A and the tip of Ras Saiya (D). 4. Then the line will extend from point 3 to point 4, which is defined on the attached map and which is situated at the mid-point of the line running between the two points E and F which are both defined on the map. 5. Then the line will extend from point 4 to point 5, which is defined on the map and which is situated at the point (sic) of the line running between the two points G and H which are defined on the map. 6. Then the line will extend from point 5 to point 6, which is defined on [a] map [attached to the agreement] and which is situated at the mid point of the line running between the two points I and J which are defined on the map. 7. the line will extend from point 6 to point 7 situated at the mid-point of the line running between the south-western tip of the island of Umm Nasan (K) and Ras Al Kureya (L). 8. Then the line will extend from point 7 to point 8 situated at the western extremity of the island Al Baina As Saghir, leaving the island to the Government of Bahrain. 9. Then the line will extend from point 8 to point 9 situated at the eastern extremity of the island Al Baina Al Kabir, leaving the island to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 10. Then the line will extend from point 9 to point 10 situated at the mid-point of the line running between the north-western tip of Khor Fasht (M) and the southern end of the island of Chaschus (N). 11. Then the line will extend from point 10 to point 11 situated at the mid-point of the line running between point 0 situated at the western edge of Fasht Al Jarim and point N referred to in subsection 10 above. 12. Then the line will extend from point 11 to point 12 situated at latitude 26 31' 48" north and longitude 50 23' 15" east approximately. 13. Then the line will extend from the point 12 to point 13 situated at latitude 26 37' 15" north and longitude 50 33' 24" east approximately. 14. Then the line will extend from point 13 to 14 situated at latitude 26 59' 30" north and longitude 50 46' 24" east approximately, leaving the Rennie Shoals (known as Najwat Al Riqai and Fasht Al Anawiyah) to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 15. Then the line will extend from point 14 in a north-easterly direction to the extent agreed upon in the royal proclamation issued on the 1st Sha'aban in the year 1368 (corresponding to 28th May 1949) and in the ordinance issued by the Government of Bahrain on the 5th June 1949 16. Everything situated to the left of the above-mentioned line in the above subsections belongs to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and everything to the right of that line to the Government of Bahrain, with the obligation of the two governments to accept what will subsequently appear in the second clause below. Second Clause The area situated within the six defined sides is as follows: 1. A line beginning from a point situated at latitude 27 north and longitude 50 23' east approximately. 2. From there to a point situated at latitude 26 31' 48" north and longitude 50 23' 15" east approximately.

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3. From there to a point situated at latitude 26 37' north and longitude 50 33' east approximately. 4. From there to a point situated at latitude 26 59' 30" north and longitude 50 46' 24" east approximately. 5. From there to a point situated at latitude 26 59' 30" north and longitude 50 40' east. 6. From there to a point situated at latitude 27 north and longitude 50 40' east approximately. 7. From there to the starting box. The area cited and defined above shall be in the part falling to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in accordance with the wish of H.H. the ruler of Bahrain and the agreement of H.M. the King of Saudi Arabia. The exploitation of the oil resources of this area will be carried out in the way chosen by His Majesty on the condition that he grants the Government of Bahrain one half of the net revenue accruing to the Government of Saudi Arabia and arising from this exploitation, and on the understanding that this does not infringe on the right of sovereignty of the Government of Saudi Arabia nor the right of administration over this above-named area. SAUDI ARABIA - IRAN The following is extracted from the Continental Shelf Boundary Agreement between Saudi Arabia and Iran (EIF January 1969). . . . desirous of determining in a just and accurate manner the boundary line separating the respective submarine areas over which each party is entitled by international law to exercise sovereign rights . . . . Article 1 The Parties mutually recognize the sovereignty of Saudi Arabia over the island of Al-'Arabiyah and of Iran over the island of Farsi. Each island shall possess a belt of territory Sea twelve nautical miles in width, measured from the lowest low water on each of the said islands. In the area where these belts overlap, a boundary line separating the territorial seas of the two islands shall be drawn so as to be equidistant throughout its length from the lowest low water lines on each island. Article 2 The boundary line separating the submarine areas which appertain to Saudi Arabia from the submarine areas which appertain to Iran shall be a line established as hereinafter provided. Both Parties mutually recognize that each possesses over the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas on its side of the line sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting the natural resources therein. Article 3 The boundary line referred to in Article 2 shall be: (a) Except in the vicinity of Al-'Arabiyah and Farsi, the said line is determined by straight lines between the following points whose latitude and longitude are specified herein below: TABLE C1.T222 SAUDI ARABIA - IRAN MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LATITUDE NORTH 27 10.0' 27 18.5' 27 26.5' 27 56.5' 28 08.5' 28 17.6' 28 21.0' 28 24.7' 28 24.4' LONGITUDE EAST 50 54.0' 50 45.5' 50 37.0' 50 17.5' 50 06.5' 49 56.2' 49 50.9' 49 47.8' 49 47.4'

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POINT 10 11 12 13 14 LATITUDE NORTH 28 27.9' 28 34.8' 28 37.2' 28 40.9' 28 41.3' LONGITUDE EAST 49 42.0' 49 39.7' 49 36.2' 49 33.5' 49 34.3'

(b) In the vicinity of Al-'Arabiyah and Farsi, a line laid down as follows: At the point where the line described in paragraph (a) intersects the limit of the belt of territorial sea around Farsi, the boundary shall follow the limit of that belt on the side facing Saudi Arabia until it meets the limit of the belt of territorial sea around Al-'Arabiyah; thence it shall follow the limit of that belt on the side facing Iran until it intersects again the line described in paragraph (a). SAUDI ARABIA - KUWAIT The following is extracted from the July 2000 Agreement between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait concerning the Submerged Area adjacent to the Divided Zone. Article 1 The line dividing the submerged area adjacent to the divided zone, which represents the border between the two countries, begins on the coast at Point G at geographical coordinates 28 32 02.488 north and 48 25 59.019 east and passes through four points with the following geographical coordinates: TABLE C1.T223. SAUDI ARABIA - KUWAIT MARITIME BOUNDARY SEQUENCE 1 2 3 4 LATITUDE NORTH 28 38 20 28 39 56 28 41 49 28 56 06 LONGITUDE EAST 48 35 22 48 39 50 48 41 18 48 26 42

From Point 4, the line dividing the submerged area adjacent to the divided zone continues in an easterly direction. Article 2 The northernmost limit of the submerged area adjacent to the divided zone, beginning on the coast at point No. 1, at geographical coordinates 28 49 58.7north and 48 17 00.188 east, shall be determined on the basis of the principle of equal distance from the lowwater mark.... SAUDI ARABIA - YEMEN The following is extracted from the Maritime Boundary Agreement between Saudi Arabia and Yemen, signed 12 June 2000. Article 2 (c ) Third Section: This is the maritime section of the boundary. It begins at the onshore marker on the sea coast (precisely at the sea wall, Ras al-Muwajj Shami, Radif Qarad outlet), the coordinates of which are specified above, and it terminates at the extremity of the maritime boundaries between the two countries. Detailed coordinates [of the intermediate points] are given in annex III. Annex III 1. The line begins at the onshore point along the sea coast precisely at the sea wall, Ras al-Muwajj Shami, Radif Qarad outlet at coordinates 16 24 14.8 north and 42 46 19.7 east. 2. It proceeds in a straight line parallel to the lines of latitude until it reaches the point at coordinates 16 24 14.8 north and 42 09 00 east.

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3. It then turns to the southwest as far as the point at coordinates 16 17 24.0 north and 41 47 00.0 east. 4. From there it proceeds in a straight line parallel to the lines of latitude in a westerly direction to the extremity of the maritime boundary between the two nations.

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SENEGAL
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Feb 85 Law 85-14 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 90 Decree 90-670 Revised straight baselines previously STRAIGHT BASELINES, & announced in 1972. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Feb 85 Law 85-14 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Feb 85 Law 85-14 Natural prolong ation or 200nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 87 Law 87-27 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 60 Exchange of diplomatic Maritime boundary agreement with notes between France & Guinea-Bissau EIF. See LIS No. 68. Portugal Aug 76 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Gambia (North and South) EIF. See LIS No. 85. 1960 boundary with Guinea-Bissau upheld. Upheld arbitral panel award.

Jul 89

Arbitral Panel Award

Nov 91

ICJ Decision (regarding appeal by Guinea-Bissau of 1989 award) Treaty

Maritime boundary agreement with Cape Verde EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Oct 84 Aug 94 Jul 95 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement. Ratified Part XI Agreement.

Nov 93

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from Decree No. 90-670 of 18 June 1990 on the Drawing of Baselines. Article 1 The breadth of the maritime areas under Senegales jurisdiction (territorial sea, contiguous zone, continental shelf and economic zone) shall be measured from normal baselines (low water line) and straight baselines, as defined in this Decree. Article 2 The straight baselines shall be established in accordance with the lines joining the following points:

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TABLE C1.T224. SENEGAL STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 FROM End of the Langue De Barbarie (1552'42"N - 1631'36"W) Point P2 (1445'49"N - 1727'42"W) Northern end of Ile de Yoff (1446'18"N - 1728'42"W) Northern end of Ile de Ngor (1445'30"N - 1730'56"W) Feu des Almadies (1444'36"N - 1732'36"W) South-Western end of Ile des Madeleines (1439'10"N 1728'25"W) Cap-Manuel (1439'00"N - 1726'00"W) Sub Goree (1439'48"N - 1723'54"W) Western end of Sangomer (1350'00"N - 1645' 40"W) Southern end of Ile des oiseaux (338'15"N - 1638'45"W) Point P1 (1631'32"W) Northern end of Ile de Yoff (1446'18"N - 1728'42"W); Northern end of the Ile de Ngor (1445'30"N - 1730'56"W); Feu des Almadies (1444'36"N - 1732'36"W); South-Western end of Ile des Madeleines (1439'10"N 1728'25"W); Cap-Manuel (1439'00N - 1726'00"W); Point Sud Goree (1439'48"N - 1723'54"W); Rufisque lighthouse (1442'36"N - 1717'00"W); Northern end of Ile des oiseaux (1339'42"N - 1640'20"W); Point Djinnak (1335'36"N - 1632'54"W); TO

Article 3 Everywhere else, the breadth of the maritime areas under Senegalese jurisdiction shall be measured from the low water line. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS SENEGAL - CAPE VERDE The following are excerpts from the treaty on the delimitation of the maritime frontier between Cape Verde and Senegal, signed 17 February 1993, EIF 12 November 1993, as set forth in Law of the Sea Bulletin, No. 26, October 1994. Article 3 The line defining the common maritime frontier between the two countries and its geographical coordinates defined in annex I of this Treaty. The two Parties have agreed to use, in their work, the American map entitled "Operational Navigation Chart", scale 1/1,000,000 series ONC, K-O, prepared and published by the Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center, St. Louis, Missouri, Edition Revue of September 1986. The have used this map for drawing the line delimiting their common maritime frontier. Annex I Line establishing the common maritime frontier between the Republic of Cape Verde and the Republic of Senegal Article 1 The line establishing the common maritime frontier which separates the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of the two countries is defined by the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T225. SENEGAL - CAPE VERDE MARITIME BOUNDARY POINTS A B C D E LONGITUDE NORTH 1339'00" 1451'00" 1455'00" 1510'00" 1525'00" LONGITUDE WEST 2004'25" 2004'25" 2000'00" 1951'30" 1944'50"

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POINTS F G H LONGITUDE NORTH 1540'00" 1555'00" 1604'00" LONGITUDE WEST 1938'30" 1935'40" 1933'30"

Article 2 The geometric configuration of the maritime zone between the two countries and the projection of the baseline of the maritime frontier mentioned above appear on the map included herewith. Annex II Baselines of the Republic of Cape Verde Article 1 The archipelagic baselines of the Republic of Cape Verde having served as reference points for the delimitation of the maritime frontier between the two countries have been defined in conformity with the following coordinates, which have been published in Law No. 60/IV/92 of 21 December 1992 of the Republic of Cape Verde. TABLE C1.T226. CAPE VERDE ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM POINT O-Pta Casaca P-ILHEU Cascalho P1-ILHEU Baluarte Q-Pta Roque R-Pta Flamengas S LONGITUDE NORTH 1650'01.69" 1611'31.04" 1609'05.00" 1605'09.83" 1510'03.89" 1509'02.21" LONGITUDE WEST 2253'50.14" 2240'52.44" 2239'45.00" 2240'27.06" 2305'47.90" 2306'24.98" OBSERV. Sal Boa Vista Boa Vista Boa Vista Maio Maio

SENEGAL - GAMBIA The following are excerpts from an agreement between The Gambia and Senegal, signed on 4 June 1975, EIF on 27 August 1976, as set forth in Limits in the Seas, No. 85, "Maritime Boundaries: The Gambia-Senegal" of 23 March 1979. The maritime boundary to the North commences from the point of intersection of the land boundary with the coast and follows the parallel of latitude 13 35'36" North. The maritime boundary to the South commences from the point of intersection of the land boundary situated to the South of the River Allahein (or San Pedro) with the coast and of which the coordinates are: TABLE C1.T227. SENEGAL - GAMBIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT T LATITUDE NORTH 13 03'51" LONGITUDE WEST 16 44'49"

From point T, the maritime boundary proceeds in a south-westerly direction as far as point M of which the coordinates are: M 13 01'21" 16 45'19"

From point M, the maritime frontier proceeds in a northerly direction as far as point P of which the coordinates are:

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POINT P LATITUDE NORTH 13 03'27" LONGITUDE WEST 16 45'22" 13

From point P, the maritime frontier follows the parallel of latitude 03'27" North.

III The boundaries defined in Articles I and II above have been delimited on the basis of the French Chart No. 6125 on the scale of 1:300,500 (latitude 13 40').... SENEGAL - GUINEA-BISSAU U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 68, Territorial Sea and Continental Shelf Boundary: Guinea-Bissau Senegal of 15 March 1976. The territorial sea boundary is defined in the Exchange of Notes as a straight-line 240 azimuth (assumed to be from true north) from "the intersection of the extension of the land boundary and the low-mark, represented for that purpose by the Cape Roxo light." The outer limit of the territorial sea boundary is not specified. Presently, Senegal claims a 12 nm territorial sea limit while Guinea Bissau claims a 150 nm limit. The letters A and B on the attached map indicate the claimed extents of Senegal's and Guinea-Bissau's territorial sea limits, respectively, along the boundary. The outer limit of the continental shelf boundary is not clearly defined in the Exchange of Notes. The boundary between the respective shelf areas is considered to be the straight-line extension of the territorial sea boundary. This extension is depicted on the attached map by a dashed red line. Neither the territorial sea boundary nor the continental shelf boundary is based on the equidistance principle.

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SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO (Formerly Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)

As of February 2003, the national name of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has been changed to Serbia and Montenegro. As successor government, maritime boundary agreements entered into by Yugoslavia are considered to be still in force for Serbia and Montenegro, unless repudiated or amended. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jul 87 Law of the Coastal Sea & 12nm 24-hour advance notice requirement for the Continental Shelf of foreign naval ships for innocent passage the Socialist Federal in territorial sea. Use of designated sea Republic of Yugoslavia lanes for passage by foreign naval ships, tankers, nuclear powered ships, and ships which carry nuclear weapons. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirement in 1986, 1988 and 1990 and conducted operational assertion in 1990. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 87 Law of the Coastal Sea & Established straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & the Continental Shelf of HISTORIC CLAIMS the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jul 87 Law of the Coastal Sea & 1958 Authorized establishment of "safety the Continental Shelf of DEF zones" around installations and through the Socialist Federal which passage may be restricted (no Republic of Yugoslavia zones permitted in established shipping routes). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Jan 78 Law on Maritime & Inland Foreign-flag vessels carrying more than REGULATION Navigation 2,000 tons of oil must possess insurance. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 68 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement between Italy and Yugoslavia signed; EIF Jan 70. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention (as Yugoslavia). Succeded to Convention, with Declaration reaffirming prior notice requirement for foreign warships in territorial sea. Confirmed signing Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the Law of the Coastal Sea and the Continental Shelf of Yugoslavia of 23 July 1987. Article 16 The territorial sea is of the SFRY is a belt of the sea whose breadth is 12 nautical miles measured from the baseline towards the open sea. The baseline is formed by: 1) the low tide line along the coast line of the mainland and the coasts of islands; 2) straight lines closing the mouths of bays; 3) straight lines connecting the following points on the coast of the mainland and on the shore of the islands; Mar 2001

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(a) Cape Mendra Cape Platamuni; (b) Cape Zarubacat - southeastern Point of the Mrkan Island - southern Point of Sveti Andrija Island - Gruj Point (on the Mljet Island); (c) Korizmeni Point (Mljet Island) - Glavat Islet - Struga Point (Lastovo Island) - Veljeg Mora Point (Lastovo Island) - southwestern Point of Kopiste Island - Velo Dance Point (Korcula Island) - Proizd Point - southwestern Point of Vodnjak Island - Rat Point (Drvenik Mali Island) - Mulo Reef - Blitvenica Reef - Purara Island - Balun Island - Mrtovac Island - Garmenjak Veli Island - position 43 53' 12" N and 15 10' 0" E on the Dugi Otok Island; d) Veli Rat Point (Dugi Otok Island) - Masarine Reef - Margarina Point (Susak Island) - Albanez Shoal - Grunj Island - Sveti Ivan na Pucini Reef - Mramori Shoal Alteiz Island - Point Kastanija. The straight lines referred to above must be laid down on the seachart "Jadransko more" (Adriatic Sea), scale 1:1,000,000, published by the Hydrographic Institute of the Yugoslav Navy. A reproduction of this chart is a component part of this Law. In determining the basic line of the territorial sea, the outermost permanent port structures which are a component part of a port system shall also be considered part of the coast.

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SEYCHELLES
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Mar 99 Maritime Zones Act, Notification and permission requirement No. 2 of 1999 for warships and nuclear-powered or nuclear-carrying cargo ships transiting territorial sea in innocent passage. These requirements are not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. protested the foreign warship requirement in 2000, and has conducted operational assertions in 1998 and 1999 against the same requirement in earlier laws. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Mar 99 Maritime Zones Act, No. 2 Implementing legislation for straight STRAIGHT BASELINES, & of 1999 baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Mar 99 Maritime Zones Act, No. 2 24nm . of 1999 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Mar 99 Maritime Zones Act, No. 2 200 nm of 1999 Maritime Zones (EEZ and Coordinates provided (identical to EEZ). Continental Shelf) Order, 2002 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Mar 99 Maritime Zones Act, No. 2 200nm of 1999 Maritime Zones (EEZ and Coordinates provided (identical to Continental Shelf) Order, continental shelf). 2002 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 2001 Agreement EEZ and continental shelf boundary agreement with France (between Ile de la Grande Glorieuse and Ile du Lys, and Assumption and Astove Islands). EEZ and continental shelf boundary agreement with Tanzania. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Mar 99 Act No. 2 Any act of pollution qualifies as prejudicial REGULATION to peace, good order and security. U.S. protested claim in 2000. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Sep 91 Jul 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement. Jan 2002 Agreement Nov 2002 Nov 2002

Dec 94 Ratified Part XI Agreement. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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BASELINE LEGISLATION the following is extracted from the 2002 Maritime Zones (Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf) Order. The coordinates for the two maritime boundary agreements with France and Tanzania are included in the table below. The outer limits of the exclusive economic zone and the exclusive continental shelf of the Republic of Seychelles are defined by the geographical coordinate of points 3 (S17), 2 (18) and 1 (S19), and 9 to 1 and a, specified below, based on the World Geodetic System 1984. The boundary lines are formed by a series of geodesics connecting the said coordinates. TABLE C1.T228. SEYCHELLES EEZ AND CONTINENAL SHELF POINT 3 (S17) 2 (18) 1 (S19) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a LATITUDE SOUTH 11 01 15 10 39 01 11 08 23 8 00 46 .8981 7 58 59. 3681 7 57 11 .8372 7 55 24. 3056 7 53 36 .7733 7 51 49 .2402 7 50 01 .7063 7 48 14 .1717 7 46 26 .6364 7 44 39 .1003 LONGITUDE EAST 48 29 07 46 54 40 45 46 03 43 11 43 .6089 43 12 13 .6578 43 12 43 .7024 43 13 13 .7426 43 13 43 .7784 43 14 13 .8099 43 14 43 .8372 43 15 13 .8601 43 15 43 .8788 43 16 13 .8933

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SIERRA LEONE
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Mar 96 Maritime Zones 12nm Rolled back excessive 200nm territorial Establishment Decree sea claim. Prior permission for warships to pass through the territorial sea. Prior permission claim is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Mar 96 Maritime Zones 24nm Establishment Decree _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Mar 96 Maritime Zones 200nm EEZ; claims excessive level of Establishment Decree enforcement jurisdiction in the EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Mar 96 Maritime Zones 200nm Establishment Decree _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 2001 Agreement Maritime Border agreement with Sao Tome and Principe. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dec 94

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SINGAPORE
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA 1878 Territorial Waters 3nm U.K. colonial legislation. Jurisdiction Act _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Apr 66 Fisheries Act, No. 14 Fishing zone; extensive authority to prescribe limits, licensing, and regulations. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Jan 71 Prevention of Pollution of TerritorImplemented the International Convention REGULATION the Sea, Act No. 3 ial Sea for the Prevention of Pollution in the Sea by Oil of 1954. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Aug 74 Agreement Territorial sea boundary agreement with Indonesia EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT SINGAPORE - INDONESIA Excerpts from the agreement and the comments following it are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 60, "Territorial Sea Boundary: Indonesia-Singapore of 11 November 1974. Indonesia and Singapore signed a territorial sea boundary agreement on 25 May 1973. Indonesia ratified the agreement on 3 December 1973; Singapore ratified the agreement on 29 August 1974. The agreement provides in part: 1. The boundary line of the territorial seas of the Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of Singapore in the Strait of Singapore shall be a line, consisting of straight lines drawn between points, the co-ordinates of which are as follows: TABLE C1.T229. SINGAPORE - INDONESIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 U.S. ANALYSIS The analysis of the Indonesia-Singapore territorial sea boundary has been based upon a plotting of the coordinates on DMAHC Chart N.O.71242, 17th ed., August 1963, revised October 21,1970. Indonesia claims a 12 nm territorial sea dating from 1957. Singapore's 3 nm territorial sea claim dates from 1957. LATITUDE NORTH 110'46".0 107'49".3 110'17".2 111'45".5 112'26".1 116'10".2 LONGITUDE EAST 10340'14".6 10344'26".5 10348'18".0 10351'35".4 10352'50".7 10402'00".0 Nov 94

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The territorial sea boundary extends for a distance of 24.55 nm. The average distance between the turning points is 4.91 nm; the minimum is 1.35 nm; the maximum is 9.85 nm. The water depths along the territorial sea boundary range from 12 to 25 fathoms, with an average depth of 17.83 fathoms. Three of the six territorial sea boundary turning points are equidistant from Indonesian and Singaporean territory. The turning points are an average of 1.90 nm from Indonesian territorial and 2.27 nm from Singaporean territory. The turning points of the territorial sea boundary, which are equidistant from Indonesia and Singapore, are equidistant from Indonesia and Singapore, are equidistant between the low-tide elevations of both countries. The median line between Indonesia and Singapore, as depicted on the attached chart, was constructed between the Indonesian system of straight baselines and the low-tide elevations of Singapore. As a consequence, points which are stated as equidistant for islands will not necessarily be situated on the equidistant line. The western terminus of the territorial sea boundary is located in Main Strait. The boundary turning point, which is not equidistant from Indonesian and Singaporean territory, is 1.70 nm from Pulau Nipa (Singapore) and 2.80 nm from Pulau Sudong (Indonesia). Both points are islands. The second turning point is 4.80 nm southeast of Point 1. Point 2 is 1.35 nm from Pulau Takong-besar (Indonesia) and 1.75 nm from Pulau Satumu (Singapore). In this extent of the territorial sea boundary, the boundary lies south of an Indonesian-Singapore median line. Moreover, the boundary also crosses over into Indonesian internal waters, i.e., Point 2 is located on the landward side of the Indonesian straight baselines. The distance from Point 2 to Point 3 is 4.75 nm miles. Turning Point 3 is not an equidistant point, but rather it is located 1.10 nm from Buffalo Rock (Indonesia) and 1.80 nm from Pulau Sebarok (Singapore). Point 3 is also located on the Indonesia side of an IndonesiaSingapore median line. Point 4 lies 3.80 nm northeast of Point 3. Point 4 is an equidistant point and lies 1.30 nm from Bt. Berhanti (Indonesia) and Pulau Sakijang Bendera (Singapore). The Indonesia-Singapore median line passes north of Point 4; therefore Point 4; therefore Point 4 lies on the Indonesian side of the median line. Point 5 of the territorial sea boundary is an equidistant point located 1.35 nm northeast of Point 4. Point 5 is situated 1.30 nm from Bt. Berhanti (Indonesia) and an unnamed islet east of Pulau Sakijang Petepah (Singapore). Point 5 is the only turning point which lies on the Singapore side of the Indonesia-Singapore median line. The eastern terminus of the territorial sea boundary, Point 6, is located on the Indonesian side of the Indonesia-Singapore median line and is 4.65 nm equidistant from Tg. Sengkuang (Indonesia) and Tg. Bedok (Singapore). Summary The Indonesia-Singapore territorial sea boundary utilizes both the equidistant principle (3 turning points) and negotiated positions (3 turning points). Five of the six turning points lie on the Indonesia side of an Indonesia-Singapore median line. Of particular interest is the location of Point 2. This turning point is located inside the Indonesian straight baseline system and is therefore in Indonesian internal waters. Islands were utilized as basepoints for the construction of the territorial sea boundary.

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SLOVENIA, REPUBLIC OF
Slovenia is one of the nations created by the break-up of the Former Yugoslavia. Unless repudiated or amended by Slovenia, maritime boundary agreements entered into by Yugoslavia are considered to be still in force. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA May 2001 Maritime Code 12nm Foreign warships require 24-hr advance notice for innocent passage through territorial sea and must use designated sea lanes only. These requirements are not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 68 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement between Italy and Yugoslavia signed; EIF Jan 70. Territorial sea boundary agreement between Italy and Yugoslavia signed; EIF Apr 77. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention (as Yugoslavia). Jan 95 Jun 95 Signed Part XI Agreement. Nov 75 Agreement

Succeded to Convention; ratified Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT SLOVENIA (FORMER YUGOSLAVIA) - ITALY The following is extracted from the Territorial Sea Boundary Agreement between the Former Yugoslavia and Italy (signed 10 November 1975, EIF 3 April 1977); this agreement is assumed to apply to Slovenia. Schedule III The maritime border runs from the main No. 1 landmark on San Bartolomeo Bay, on the right bank of San Bartolomeo stream to its mouth a the plain coordinates in both systems: TABLE C1.T230. SLOVENIA (FORMER YUGOSLAVIA) - ITALY MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES COORDINATES X=5049835.77} Italian y=2020416.72} X=5050841} Yugoslav y=5400753.47}

and is determined by the largest arcs of a circle joining the following points:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T230. ITALIAN COORDINATES CHART NO. 39 LATITUDE NORTH 1 2 3 4 5 45 35'.65" 45 35'.90" 45 37'.80" 45 32'.70" 45 27'.20" LONGITUDE EAST 13 43'.15" 13 42'.75" 13 37'.80" 13 18'.75" 13 12'.70" YUGOSLAVIAN COORDINATES NO. 100-15 LATITUDE NORTH 45 35'.70" 45 35'.95" 45 37'.91" 45 32'.80" 45 27'.20" CHART

POINT

LONGITUDE EAST 13 43'.40" 13 43'.00" 13 38'.00" 13 19'.00" 13 12'.90"

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SOLOMON ISLANDS
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 78 Delimitation of Marine 12nm Affirmed rights of navigation and Waters Act, No. 32 overflight, in normal modes, in sea lanes and air routes through archipelagic and adjacent territorial waters; authorized designation of sea lanes and air routes. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Dec 78 Act No. 32 Enabling legislation for archipelagic STRAIGHT BASELINES, & baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS Aug 79 Legal Notice No. 41, Established 5 archipelagic baseline Declaration of systems around 5 groups of islands. Archipelagic Baselines _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 79 Act No. 32 200nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 79 Act No. 32 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Sep 88 Agreement Sea and seabed boundaries agreement with Australia. Jan 89 Agreement Agreement with Papua New Guinea.

Nov 90 Agreement Agreement with France (New Caledonia). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is the text of Legal Notice No. 41, Declaration of Archipelagic Baselines of 20 August 1979, establishing the Solomon Islands archipelagic baseline system under the Delimitation of Marine Waters Act No. 32 of 1978. In exercise of the powers conferred by section 4(2) of the Delimitation of Marine Waters Act, 1978, the Prime Minister hereby declares that the points between which straight baselines are to be drawn for the purpose of determining the outermost limits of the archipelagic waters and the innermost limits of the territorial sea of the archipelagos of Solomon Islands shall be those geographical co-ordinates specified below. TABLE C1.T231. SOLOMON ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM: THE MAIN GROUP ARCHIPELAGO SOLOMON ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM: THE MAIN GROUP ARCHIPELAGO POINT 1. 2. 3. 4. On the reef On west coast of Mono I. At Laifa Point On west coast of Sterline I. AREA LATITUDE SOUTH 0659.2' 0723.85' 0725.1' 0727.2' LONGITUDE EAST 15531.75' 15531.2' 15531.6' 15533.1' CHART 3419 3419 3419 3419 Jun 97

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SOLOMON ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM: THE MAIN GROUP ARCHIPELAGO POINT 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. AREA At Cape Satisfaction Rendova I. On Rendova I. On Tetepari I. Off South I. Off East I. At Masaubaga Point Off Cape Hunter Off Koliula Point On San Cristobal I. At Cape Howu Off Cape Sydney On the reef On Sta. Catalina I. At S.E. Point of Sta.Catalina I. On Sta. Ana I. On Ulawa I. At Ngora Ngora Point At Cape Arsacides Off Nadi I. Off Nadi I. Off Cape Megapode Off Papatura Ite. I. Off Omona I. Off North Gijunabeana I. Off Suki I. Off Malaengari Off Cape Alexander Off Pemba Inlet On Oema Atoll On Ovau I. On Maifu I. On the reef LATITUDE SOUTH 0818.4' 0843.15' 0844.25' 0847.75' 0848.7' 0848.5' 0942.6' 0947.7' 0949.7' 1035.3' 1040.1' 1045.9' 1047.25' 1054.2' 1054.0' 1050.0' 0943.4' 0942.5' 0837.55' 0752.4' 0752.1' 0745.2' 0734.75' 0729.5' 0728.6' 0718.4' 0638.15' 0635.5' 0634.7' 0637.8' 0646.8' 0654.45' 0658.9' LONGITUDE EAST 15631.1' 15720.0' 15723.0' 15737.75' 15745.9' 15749.0' 15942.4' 15949.1' 16003.1' 16130.7' 16137.1' 16146.8' 16151.0' 16227.0' 16228.0' 16228.5' 16159.5' 16158.9' 16100.7' 16038.2' 16037.15' 15857.45' 15847.2' 15840.4' 15838.8' 15804.7' 15639.25' 15631.9' 15627.75' 15606.0' 15559.3' 15549.75' 15531.85' CHART 3419 3416 3416 3416 3416 3416 1469 1469 1469,3404 3412 3412 3412 3412 3412 3412 3412 3412 3412 3404 3403 3403 3403 3402 3402 3402 3402 3419 3419 3419 3419 3419 3419 3419

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TABLE C1.T232. SOLOMON ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM: THE RENNELL, BELLONA, AND INDISPENSABLE REEF ATOLL ARCHIPELAGO SOLOMON ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM: THE RENNELL, BELLONA, AND INDISPENSABLE REEF ATOLL ARCHIPELAGO POINT 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. Off Bellona I. On North Reef On Middle Reef On South Reef On South Reef On South Reef On Rennell I. On Rennell I. On Bellona I. On Bellona I. AREA LATITUDE SOUTH 1116.1' 1219.0' 1239.8' 1300.0' 1302.5' 1300.1' 1151.2' 1142.8' 1117.1' 1116.3' LONGITUDE EAST 15944.9' 16003.1' 16017.0' 16033.0' 16036.0' 16038.5' 16039.1' 16029.7' 15948.8' 15946.7' CHART 208 208 208 208 208 208 208 208 208 208

Thence to Point 38 above. TABLE C1.T233. SOLOMON ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM: JAVA GROUP ARCHIPELAGO SOLOMON ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM: JAVA GROUP ARCHIPELAGO POINT 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. Off Kengo I. Off Kiloma I. Off Alunga I. Off Ngikolo I. Off Akoo I. Off Luaniua I. On Nuika I. On the reef On the reef On the reef On the reef On the reef Off Nguhakai I. AREA LATITUDE SOUTH 0524.7' 0528.65' 0531.6' 0531.35' 0531.55' 0528.95' 0523.1' 0502.1' 0500.7' 0502.0' 0507.65' 0521.5' 0523.4' LONGITUDE EAST 15912.05' 15916.8' 15933.8' 15938.9' 15940.5' 15943.0' 15942.5' 15923.1' 15918.6' 15916.0' 15912.9' 15910.85' 15911.0' CHART 214 214 214 214 214 214 214 214 214 214 214 214 214

Thence to Point 48 above.

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TABLE C1.T234. SOLOMON ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM: THE SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGO SOLOMON ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM: THE SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGO POINT 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. AREA At Cape Boscawen On Astrolabe Reefs On Astrolabe Reefs On Astrolabe Reefs On Boussole Reef Off Astrolabe Point Off North East Passage On Temoa I. Off Nufiloli I. Off Nukapu I. Off Nupani I. Off Nupani I. Off Nupani I. Off Nemba Off Nemba LATITUDE SOUTH 1049.85' 1143.9' 1144.5' 1145.05' 1143.8' 1142.45' 1136.05' 1015.5' 1010.55' 1004.1' 1001.9' 1002.2' 1005.65' 1046.95' 1047.9' LONGITUDE EAST 16545.1' 16649.9' 16651.15' 16654.3' 16659.4' 16701.7' 16701.2' 16622.65' 16617.8' 16602.75' 16542.9' 16542.3' 16541.65' 16544.8' 16545.0' CHART 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17

Thence to Point 61 above. TABLE C1.T235. SOLOMON ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM: THE DUFF ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGO SOLOMON ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM: THE DUFF ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGO POINT 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. On Tuleki I. On Papa I. Off Taumako I. On Loteva I. On the Islet On Taumako I. On the Islet On Tuleki I. AREA LATITUDE SOUTH 0945.35' 0948.6' 0953.6' 0955.8' 0955.05' 0952.05' 0946.5' 0945.55' LONGITUDE EAST 16703.6' 16705.8' 16710.5' 16714.8' 16714.8' 16711.55' 16705.3' 16704.1' CHART 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17

Thence to Point 76 above.

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MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS SOLOMON ISLANDS - AUSTRALIA The following is extracted from the September 1988 Agreement Establishing Certain Sea and Sea-bed Boundaries between the Solomon Islands and Australia. Article 1 1. Seaward of Australian reefs in the Coral Sea on the one hand and Solomon Island reefs on the other hand, the line of delimitation between the Australian Fishing Zone and the Solomon Islands Exclusive Economic Zone and between areas of continental shelf over which each State respectively exercises sovereign rights in accordance with international law lies along the geodesics connecting the following points, defined by their coordinates, in the order stated: TABLE C1.T236. SOLOMON ISLANDS - AUSTRALIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT U V R1 LATITUDE SOUTH 14 04' 00" 14 41' 00" 15 44' 07" LONGITUDE EAST 157 00' 00" 157 43' 00" 158 45' 39"

SOLOMON ISLANDS - FRANCE (NEW CALEDONIA) The following is extracted from the November 1990 Agreement between the Solomon Islands and France (New Caledonia). Article 1 1) The line of delimitation of maritime areas between the Solomon Islands and the French Republic is the line which lies along the loxodromes connecting the point defined by their coordinates as follows. TABLE C1.T237. SOLOMON ISLANDS - FRANCE (NEW CALEDONIA) MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 23 24 25 26a LATITUDE SOUTH 15 44' 07" 16 07' 37" 15 12' 17" 14 50' 03" LONGITUDE EAST 158 45' 39" 160 14' 54" 162 19' 26" 163 10' 00"

2) This line is approximately equidistant between the Solomon Islands and the French Republic in the vicinity of New Caledonia. Article 2 The line described in article 1 of this Agreement shall be the maritime boundary between the areas referred to in this article in which the parties exercise, or will exercise, in accordance with international law, any sovereign rights or jurisdiction. SOLOMON ISLANDS - PAPUA NEW GUINEA The following is extracted from the January 1989 Agreement between the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea concerning Sovereignty, Maritime and Seabed Boundaries.

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Annex 1 Territorial Sea, Maritime and Seabed Boundaries The boundary line referred to in paragraph 1 of Article 2 of the Treaty shall be a continuous line TABLE C1.T238. SOLOMON ISLANDS - PAPUA NEW GUINEA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 LATITUDE SOUTH 04 08' 32" 04 45' 05" 04 52' 18" 06 33' 00" 06 39' 30" 06 50' 50" 06 55' 33" 06 55' 33" 07 14' 48" 08 08' 06" 11 22' 26" 12 26' 11" 14 04' 04" LONGITUDE EAST 162 48' 07" 160 28' 49" 158 14' 07" 156 02' 09" 156 02' 23" 155 55' 23" 155 41' 37" 155 35' 38" 155 06' 44" 154 35' 08" 157 09' 40" 157 36' 03" 157 02' 18"

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SOMALIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Sep 72 Law No. 37 200nm Foreign warships must obtain permission prior to transiting; passage by vessels of nations not recognized by Somalia is prohibited. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1982 and 1986 and conducted operational assertions in 1979-1983, 1985-1989 and 1992-95, and 1997. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Sep 72 Law No. 37 Enabling legislation for straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Sep 72 Law No. 37 200nm Fishing in territorial sea reserved for Somali or other authorized vessels. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 89 Ratified Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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SOUTH AFRICA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA 1994 Maritime Zones Act, No. 12nm 15 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, 1994 Maritime Zones Act, No. Established straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 15 HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE 1994 Maritime Zones Act, No. 24nm Zone includes an overlapping "Maritime 15 Cultural Zone" where jurisdiction is claimed over archaeological and historical objects within the zone. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF 1994 Maritime Zones Act, No. Claimed limits of continental shelf 15 published in Schedule attached to Act. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ 1994 Maritime Zones Act, No. 200nm EEZ. 15 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Mar 94 Treaty Treaty on Walvis Bay with Namibia EIF. Treaty resolved that Walvis Bay and the Off-Shore Islands should be incorporated into Namibia on 1 March 1994. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 84 Signed Convention. Oct 94 Dec 97 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are excerpts from the Maritime Zones Act, No. 15 of 1994. 2. Baselines (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) the low-water line shall be the baseline. (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1) straight lines joining the grouped coordinates mentioned in Schedule 2 shall be the baselines of the relevant part of the coast. Schedule 2 Straight Baselines of the Republic of South Africa (These coordinates are based on the WGS84 Spheroid to an accuracy of 1" (arc)) TABLE C1.T239. SOUTH AFRICAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM SOUTH AFRICAN STRAIGHT BASELINES LATITUDE SOUTH 32 19 01.04 32 44 12.00 LONGITUDE EAST 18 18 54.50 17 52 06.00

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SOUTH AFRICAN STRAIGHT BASELINES LATITUDE SOUTH 32 44 12.00 32 49 06.25 32 49 06.25 32 49 29.09 32 49 29.09 32 49 30.75 32 49 30.75 32 49 41.32 32 49 41.32 33 00 02.00 33 00 02.00 33 02 29.08 33 02 29.08 33 09 07.08 33 09 07.08 33 24 51.08 33 24 51.08 33 26 00.50 33 26 00.50 33 26 08.45 33 26 08.45 33 26 08.58 33 26 08.58 33 48 07.47 33 48 07.47 34 01 44.04 34 01 44.04 34 01 44.33 34 01 44.33 34 02 12.78 34 02 12.78 34 02 42.02 34 02 42.02 34 03 56.86 LONGITUDE EAST 17 52 06.00 17 50 47.43 17 50 47.43 17 50 40.60 17 50 40.60 17 50 40.34 17 50 40.34 17 50 44.24 17 50 44.24 17 51 48.00 17 51 48.00 17 53 30.62 17 53 30.62 17 58 48.10 17 58 48.10 18 04 23.49 18 04 23.49 18 04 23.59 18 04 23.59 18 04 24.91 18 04 24.91 18 04 25.24 18 04 25.24 18 21 28.13 18 21 28.13 18 18 19.82 18 18 19.82 18 18 19.78 18 18 19.78 18 18 18.31 18 18 18.31 18 18 23.37 18 18 23.37 18 18 35.74

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SOUTH AFRICAN STRAIGHT BASELINES LATITUDE SOUTH 34 03 56.86 34 08 45.60 34 23 15.31 34 38 23.66 34 38 23.66 34 38 24.23 34 38 24.33 34 41 24.43 34 41 24.43 34 46 53.08 34 46 53.08 34 47 19.28 34 47 19.28 34 47 19.82 34 47 19.82 34 47 19.88 34 47 19.88 34 49 52.73 34 49 52.73 34 49 53.34 34 49 53.34 34 50 06.29 34 50 06.29 34 50 06.26 34 50 06.26 34 50 04.57 34 50 04.57 34 50 02.46 34 50 02.46 34 50 01.59 34 50 01.59 34 49 53.62 34 49 53.62 34 48 48.42 LONGITUDE EAST 18 18 35.74 18 19 09.69 18 49 37.02 19 17 19.40 19 17 19.40 19 17 21.14 19 17 21.14 19 24 09.05 19 24 09.05 19 38 05.33 19 38 05.33 19 39 09.17 19 39 09.17 19 39 10.62 19 39 10.62 19 39 11.86 19 39 11.86 19 58 04.62 19 58 04.62 19 58 07.83 19 58 07.83 19 59 26.45 19 59 26.45 19 59 27.04 19 59 27.04 19 59 51.13 19 59 51.13 20 00 22.48 20 00 22.48 20 00 26.57 20 00 26.57 20 00 52.57 20 00 52.57 20 03 19.31

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SOUTH AFRICAN STRAIGHT BASELINES LATITUDE SOUTH 34 48 48.42 34 48 47.51 34 48 47.51 34 48 42.82 34 48 42.82 34 28 28.22 34 28 28.22 34 26 18.84 34 26 18.84 34 26 19.51 34 26 19.51 34 26 18.93 34 26 18.93 34 26 16.04 34 26 16.04 34 26 15.54 34 26 15.54 34 23 43.55 34 23 43.55 34 20 18.88 34 20 18.88 34 11 15.44 34 11 15.44 34 05 43.00 34 05 43.00 34 06 40.43 34 06 40.43 34 12 49.36 34 12 49.36 34 12 49.81 34 12 49.81 34 12 49.28 34 12 49.28 34 02 58.11 LONGITUDE EAST 20 03 19.31 20 03 21.27 20 03 21.27 20 03 29.04 20 03 29.04 20 50 53.92 20 50 53.92 21 17 58.22 21 17 58.22 21 18 00.22 21 18 00.22 21 18 10.18 21 18 10.18 21 18 38.90 21 18 38.90 21 18 40.94 21 18 40.94 21 43 48.63 21 43 48.63 21 54 54.01 21 54 54.01 22 09 39.74 22 09 39.74 22 58 48.00 22 58 48.00 23 24 25.37 23 24 25.37 24 50 12.70 24 50 12.70 24 50 14.69 24 50 14.69 24 50 16.66 24 50 16.66 25 37 41.59

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SOUTH AFRICAN STRAIGHT BASELINES LATITUDE SOUTH 34 02 58.11 34 01 56.36 34 01 56.36 33 50 34.37 33 50 34.37 33 50 34.29 33 50 34.29 33 46 23.96 LONGITUDE EAST 25 37 41.59 25 42 10.97 25 42 10.97 26 17 18.45 26 17 18.45 26 17 22.50 26 17 22.50 26 28 07.66

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SPAIN
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 77 Act No. 10/1977 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Apr 67 Act No. 20/1967 Enabling legislation for straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS Aug 77 Royal Decree No. Establishes straight baseline coordinates. 2510/1977 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Nov 92 Act No. 27/1992 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Feb 78 Law No. 15/1978 200nm EEZ: limited to Atlantic coast and islands. Fishing in EEZ reserved to Spanish nationals and other vessels that have "habitually fished" there. Delimits Fisheries Protection Zone in Mediterranean Sea (amended by Note Verbale No. 256, dated 13 Apr 2000.) (Chartlet available on line at UNs LOS website. See Foreword for website information.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 75 Agreements (2) Territorial sea and continental shelf boundary agreements with France in Bay of Biscay EIF. Feb 76 Agreements (2) Territorial sea and continental shelf boundary agreements with Portugal (North and South) signed. Aug 97, amended 2000 Decree 1315

Continental shelf boundary agreement with Italy EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 84 Signed Convention, with Declaration of right to regulate, but not impede, transit passage of aircraft through air space over international straits. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested in 1985. Jul 94 Jan 97 Signed Part XI Agreement. Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement, with Declaration that a coastal State may apply its own regulations in international straits provided that this does not impede the right of transit passage.

Nov 78

Agreement

This claim is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following are extracts from Decree No. 627/1976 as amended by Decree No. 2510/1977 establishing the Spanish straight baseline system. TABLE C1.T240. SPAIN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ATLANTIC OCEAN SPAIN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ATLANTIC OCEAN MAP NUMBER AREA NORTH AND NORTHWEST COAST OF SPAIN 128 From Islote Amuitz (Cabo Higuer) to Guetaria (Isla San Anton N.) From Guetaria to Cabo Machichaco (Penon) From Cabo Machichaco to Islote Villano (Cabo Villano) From Islote Villano to Punta Pescador 127 From Cabo Ajo to Cabo de Lata 43 23.76 43 18.68 43 27.44 43 26.45 43 27.90 43 30.83 43 29.65 From Cabo Lata to Islote La Perla (Punta Somocueva) From Islote La Perla to Cabo Oriamore From Cabo Oriamore to Cabo de Mar From Cabo de Mar to Lastres From Cabo Lastres to Punta del Olivo From Punta del Olivo to Islote La Gaviera (Cabo Penas) From Islote La Gaviera to Islote Las Monistas (Cabo Penas) 126a From Islote Las Monistas (Cabo Penas) to Islote Chouzano (Cabo Vidio) From Islote Chouzano to Islote Romanellas From Islote Romanellas to Islote Orrio de Tapia From Islote Orrio de Tapia to Islote El Pie (Los Farallones) From Islote El Pie to Islote El Estaquin (Pta. de la E.de Bares) 125a From Islote El Estaquin to Eslote Caballo Juan (Cabo Ortegal) From Islote Caballo Juan to Punta del Limbo From Punta del Limbo to Punta Candelaria (Islote) From Punta Candelaria to Cabo Prior From Cabo Prior to Isla Sisarga (Grande) From Isla Sisarga to Punta del Boy From Punta del Boy to Cabo Villano From Cabo Villano to Cabo Torinana 124 From Punta Insua (Islote) to Berron de la Nave (Cabo la Nave) 43 28.38 43 24.34 43 27.75 43 32.10 43 33.28 43 39.65 43 39.87 43 35.78 43 34.55 43 34.58 43 43.15 43 47.52 43 46.83 43 46.10 43 42.85 43 34.12 43 21.75 43 11.35 43 09.85 43 03.39 43 02.90 01 47.60 02 12.19 02 45.25 02 56.10 03 26.20 03 35.30 03 48.70 03 56.71 04 20.60 04 55.60 05 17.78 05 24.75 05 50.50 05 52.02 06 14.65 06 37.65 06 56.95 07 26.22 07 41.45 07 52.05 07 54.28 06 62.85 08 18.92 08 50.93 09 10.42 09 12.88 09 17.95 09 18.06 LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST

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SPAIN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ATLANTIC OCEAN MAP NUMBER AREA LATITUDE NORTH 42 55.25 From Berron de la Nave to Centolo de Finisterre From Centolo de Finisterre to Cabo Corrubedo From Cabo Corrubedo to Islote del Faro (Isla Cies) From Islote del Faro to Cabo Sillero (Islote Carral) SOUTHWEST COAST OF SPAIN 115 From southern point of Isla Canela to Punta Umbria 37 10.25 37 10.30 From Punta Umbria to Torre del Oro (Ruins) From Torre del Oro to Bajo Salmedina (Torre Baliza)(Chipiona) From Bajo Salmedina (Torre Baliza) to Castillo de San Sebastian From Castillo de San Sebastian to Castillo de Sancti Petri From Castillo de Sancti Petri to Cabo Trafalgar From Cabo Trafalgar to Tarifa (Isla) From Tarifa (Isla) to Punta del Acebucne CANARY ISLANDS ISLAND OF GRAN CANARIA 207 From El Bogue (La Isleta) to Roque de Melenera 28 09.80 27 59.45 From Roque de Melenera to Peninsula de Gando From Peninsula de Gando to Moque Arinaga From Moque Arinaga to Punta Tenefe From Punta Tenefe to Playa Maspalomas (E) From Playa Maspalomas (W) to Punta Taozo 27 55.78 27 51.58 27 48.30 27 44.05 27 43.95 27 44.85 From Isla de la Aldea to Punta Sardina 28 00.72 28 09.83 From Punta Sardina to Punta Ortiz From Punta Ortiz to Punta Guanarteme From Punta Guanarteme to Punta de la Isleta ISLAND OF TENERIFE 207 From Punta Antequera to Punta del Socorro 28 31.88 28 18.20 From Punta de Buenavista to Punta del Viento 28 23.55 16 07.39 16 21.60 16 49.65 28 10.10 28 10.25 28 10.73 15 23.85 15 21.77 15 21.39 15 22.78 15 25.41 15 34.41 15 35.83 15 40.38 15 49.30 15 42.45 15 41.05 15 38.19 15 25.10 37 05.38 36 44.00 36 31.77 36 22.85 36 11.03 36 00.15 36 03.06 07 22.40 06 56.90 06 43.70 06 28.50 06 18.86 06 15.15 06 02.03 05 36.50 05 27.85 42 53.36 42 34.48 42 12.80 42 06.91 LONGITUDE WEST 09 17.95 09 17.36 09 05.50 08 55.12 08 54.03

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SPAIN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: ATLANTIC OCEAN MAP NUMBER AREA LATITUDE NORTH 28 30.95 From Punta Hidalgo to Roques de Anaga (N) 28 34.65 28 33.20 From Roques de Anaga (N) to Roque Bermejo ISLAND OF HIERRO From Punta Caleta to Punta del Miradero 27 47.91 27 38.80 From Punta de la Restinga to Punta de Orchilla 27 38.22 27 42.21 From Punta de la Sal to Punta y Roques de Salmor 27 46.22 27 49.42 From Punta y Roques de Salmor to Punta del Negro ISLAND OF LA PALMA From Punta Juan Adalid to Punta del Corcho 28 51.38 28 50.57 From Punta Liana to Punta de Arenas Blancas 28 44.24 28 34.12 ISLANDS OF LANZAROTE, FUETEVENTUA ALEGRANZA, GRACIOSA, MONTANA CLARA AND LOBOS 204 206 From Roque del Este to Cabo Ancones From Punta Delgada (Alegranza) to Roque del Este 29 24.10 29 16.50 29 01.10 28 55.80 From Punta Lima to Punta del Tarjalillo From Punta de la Entallada to Punta del Matorral 28 35.45 28 13.65 28 02.60 From Punta del Matorral to Punta Jandia From Punta Pesebre to Risco Blanco From Risco Blanco to Punta de Toston 28 03.72 28 06.52 28 19.90 28 42.90 From Punta de Toston to Punta de la Ensenada From Punta de la Ensenada to Punta Grieta (Alegranza) 29 01.85 29 42.50 13 29.00 13 20.00 13 27.80 13 36.87 13 49.25 13 56.55 14 19.80 14 30.35 14 29.35 14 11.88 14 00.80 13 48.90 13 31.35 17 54.55 17 47.18 17 43.35 17 45.46 27 50.30 17 53.00 17 58.10 17 59.39 18 08.78 18 07.85 17 59.63 17 57.74 28 34.75 LONGITUDE WEST 16 25.18 16 19.10 16 09.20 16 07.80

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TABLE C1.T241. SPAIN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MEDITERRANEAN SEA SPAIN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MEDITERRANEAN SEA MAP NUMBER AREA SOUTH AND EAST COASTS OF SPAIN From Punta Carbonera to Punta de Banos 36 14.70 36 27.61 From Punta de Banos to Torre de Calahonda From Torre de Calahonda to Punta de Calaburras From Punta de Calaburras to Punta de VelezMalaga From Punta de ValezMalaga to Punta de Torrox From Punta de Torrox to Cabo Sacratif From Cabo Sacratif to Punta de Llano From Punta de Llano to Punta Negra From Punta Negra to Punta de las Entinas From Punta de las Entinas to Punta del Sabinal From Punta del Sabinal to Punta Baja (Cabo Gata) From Punta Baja (Cabo Gata) to Punta Negra (Cabo Gata) 119 From Punta Negra (Cabo Gata) to Morro Genoves From Morro Genoves to Punta de Loma Pelada From Punta de Loma Pelada to Punta de Media Naranja From Punta de Media Naranja to Garrucha (Green light) From Garrucha (Green light) to Monte Cope 117 From Monte Cope to Cabo Tinoso From Cabo Tinoso to Cabo del Agua From Cabo del Agua to Punta della Espada From Punta della Espada to Islas Hormigas From Islas Hormigas to Cabo Cervera From Cabo Cervera to Isla de Tabarca From Isla de Tabarca to Cabo de las Huetras From Cabo de las Huetras to Punta de las Escaleta 119 From Punta de las Escaleta to Punta de Ifach From Punta de Ifach to Gabo de la Nao From Gabo de la Nao to Isla del Portichol From Isla de Portichol to Cabo de S. Antonio From Cabo de S. Antonio to Puerto de Denia (Green light) 36 29.32 36 30.50 36 43.60 36 43.66 36 41.70 36 41.73 36 44.78 36 40.89 36 41.02 36 43.20 36 43.35 36 44.30 36 46.75 36 58.33 37 10.97 37 25.40 37 32.15 37 33.32 37 36.50 37 39.39 37 59.92 38 09.60 38 21.06 38 31.45 38 37.78 38 43.84 38 45.50 38 48.17 38 50.80 05 18.00 05 00.35 04 42.60 04 38.30 04 06.20 03 57.36 03 28.05 03 25.05 03 12.58 02 46.22 02 42.03 02 11.00 02 09.95 02 06.83 02 03.53 01 54.15 01 48.91 01 29.40 01 06.40 00 55.05 00 43.00 00 38.88 00 38.70 00 27.95 00 24.20 00 05.35 00 05.03 00 14.20 00 13.98 00 11.83 00 07.43 LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE WEST

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SPAIN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MEDITERRANEAN SEA MAP NUMBER 119 AREA From Puerto de Denia (Green light) to Cabo Cullera From Cabo Cullera to Puerto de Sagunta (Pier end) From Puerto de Sangunto to Peniscola From Peniscola to Punta de la Bana From Punta de la Bana to Cabo Tortosa From Cabo Tortosa to Cabo de Salou 120 From Barcelona (Light) to Arenys de Mar (Breakwater end) LATITUDE NORTH 39 11.14 39 38.54 40 21.54 40 34.50 40 43.16 41 03.23 41 20.11 41 34.30 From Cabo Bagur to Isla Maza de Oro (Cabo Creus) 41 56.90 42 19.05 From Isla Maza de Oro to the Frontier BALEARIC ISLANDS ISLANDS OF MALLORCA AND CABERA 119 From Cabo Formentor to Cabo del Freu 39 57.70 39 44.90 From Punta de Amer to Punta Galera 39 34.60 39 21.65 From Punta Galera to Islote Imperial From Punta Anciola to Cabo Llebeitz (Pragonera) 39 07.55 39 07.70 39 34.10 ISLAND OF MINORCA 119 From Cabo Nati to Islote Nitge 40 03.10 40 05.52 From Cabo Caballeria to Punta d'es Murte 40 05.30 40 04.10 From Punta Damtina to Cabo Favaritx 40 03.60 39 59.70 From Cabo Favaritx to Cabo Espero From Cabo Espero to Isla del Aire (E) From Isla del Aire (W) to Cabo Dartuch 39 52.50 39 47.95 39 47.90 39 55.30 From Cabo Dartuch to Cabo Binicous ISLANDS OF IBIZA AND FORMENTERA 119 From Punta Jonch to Isla Tagomago 39 05.32 01 36.25 39 59.90 03 49.50 4 04.50 04 05.50 04 08.40 04 10.30 04 16.20 04 19.70 04 17.80 04 17.05 03 49.26 03 47.60 03 12.80 03 27.65 03 23.80 03 13.80 02 57.60 02 55.12 02 18.20 42 26.00 LONGITUDE WEST 00 12.93 00 11.42 00 24.50 00 41.85 00 53.20 01 10.24 02 10.22 02 33.30 03 13.96 03 19.90 03 10.40

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SPAIN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: MEDITERRANEAN SEA MAP NUMBER AREA LATITUDE NORTH 39 01.90 From Isla Tagomago to Faro de Formentera From Punta Potja to Cabo Berheria 38 39.70 38 38.90 38 38.40 From Cabo Berheria to Islote Vedra From Islote Vedra to Islote Bleda Plana From Islote Bleda Plana to Cabo Eubarca MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS SPAIN - ITALY The following is extracted from the Agreement between Spain and Italy concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf, EIF November 1978. Article 1 1) The dividing line of the Continental shelf between Spain and Italy will remain established following the criterion of equidistance from respective baselines. 2) The Contracting Parties agree that, for the moment, the delimitation will not extend north further than point A, and south further than point L. 3) Between points A and L, the dividing line remains defined by the geodesic lines which follow the great circle arcs which unite the points whose coordinates are as follows: TABLE C1.T242. SPAIN - ITALY CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES POINT A B C D E F G H I J LATITUDE NORTH 41 09.3' 41 06.5' 40 35.7' 40 31.7' 40 27.3' 40 21.5' 40 01.7' 39 37.5' 39 20.8 38 55.0' SPAIN - PORTUGAL The following is extracted from the Agreement between Spain and Portugal concerning the Delimitation of the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone, signed February 1976. Article 1 LONGITUDE EAST 05 56.6' 05 57.6' 06 07.8' 06 08.9' 06 10.1' 06 11.9' 06 18.0' 06 18.0' 06 13.0' 06 05.8' 38 51.75 38 58.70 39 04.42 LONGITUDE WEST 01 39.15 01 35.00 01 34.15 01 28.10 01 11.20 01 09.50 01 21.62

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The present agreement will apply in the Atlantic Ocean both in the area of the mouth of Rio Mino, as well as in that of Rio Guadiana, from the Spanish and Portuguese baselines, out to a limit of 12 nautical miles. Article 2 In the area of the mouth of Rio Mino the dividing line between the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of Spain, and the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of Portugal, is formed by a geodesic line which follows the parallel of latitude which passes through point A, the coordinates of which are: Latitude N 41 51' 57" Longitude W 08 52' 21" and which continues to point B [Latitude 41 51' 57" N, Longitude 09 08' 25" W], which lies 12 miles from point A. Article 3 In the area of the mouth of Rio Guadiana the dividing line between the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of Spain, and the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone of Portugal, is formed by a geodesic line which follows the meridian which passes through point M, the coordinates of which are: Latitude N 37 09' 55" Longitude W 07 23' 48" and which continues southward to Point N, which lies 12 miles from Point M....

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SRI LANKA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 77 Maritime Zones Law No. 12nm Foreign warships must obtain permission 22 of 1976; Presidential prior to transiting territorial sea. Proclamation of Jan 77 implementing the law This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested this requirement in 1982 and 1986 and conducted operational assertions in 1985, 1988, 1999, and 2002. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 77 Maritime Zones Law No. Historic waters claimed in Palk Strait and STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 22 of 1976; Presidential Palk Bay (internal waters), and in Gulf of HISTORIC CLAIMS Proclamation of Jan 77 Mannar (territorial sea). implementing the law This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1986 and conducted operational assertion in 1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jan 77 Maritime Zones Law No. 24nm Contiguous zone including claimed 22 of 1976; Presidential security jurisdiction. Proclamation of Jan 77 implementing the law This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1986 and conducted numerous operational assertions. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jan 77 Maritime Zones Law No. CM 22 of 1976; Presidential Proclamation of Jan 77 implementing the law _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 77 Maritime Zones Law No. 200nm EEZ. 22 of 1976; Presidential Proclamation of Jan 77 implementing the law _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jul 74 Agreement Palk Bay boundary agreement with India EIF. May 76 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with India (Gulf of Manaar and Bay of Bengal) EIF.

Tripoint agreement with India and Maldives EIF. Point: Lat. 04 47.04' N Long. 77 01.40' E. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Jul 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement

Jul 76

Agreement

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS SRI LANKA - INDIA Sri Lanka and India agreed on 26-28 June 1974 to the delimitation of a boundary through the "historic waters" of Palk Bay. The agreement, which came into force on 8 July 1974, has been printed in the Government of India's Notice to Mariners, Edition No. 9, Notices 133 to 156, 15 April 1975. Selected portions of the text are as follows. The boundary between India and Sri Lanka in the waters from Adam's Bridge to Palk Strait shall be arcs of Great Circles between the following positions, in the sequence given below, defined by latitude and longitude. TABLE C1.T243. SRI LANKA - INDIA MARITIME BOUNDARY: ADAM'S BRIDGE TO PALK STRAIT POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 LATITUDE NORTH 10 05' 09 57' 09 40'.15 09 21'.80 09 13' 09 06' SRI LANKA - INDIA The following is extracted from the Maritime Boundary Agreement between Sri Linka and India concerning the Gulf of Manaar and the Bay of Bengal, EIF May 1976. Article 1 The Maritime Boundary between Sri Lanka and India in the Gulf of Manaar shall be arcs of Great Circles between the following positions, in the sequence given below: TABLE C1.T244. SRI LANKA - INDIA MARITIME BOUNDARY: GULF OF MANAAR POSITION 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m 11m 12m LATITUDE NORTH 09 06.0' 09 00.0' 08 53.8' 08 40.0' 08 37.2' 08 31.2' 08 22.2' 08 12.2' 07 35.3' 07 21.0' 06 30.8' 05 53.9' LONGITUDE EAST 79 32.0' 79 31.3' 79 29.3' 79 18.2' 79 13.0' 79 04.7' 78 55.4' 78 53.7' 78 45.7' 78 38.8' 78 12.2' 77 50.7 LONGITUDE EAST 80 03' 79 35' 79 22'.60 79 30'.70 79 32' 79 32'

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POSITION 13m LATITUDE NORTH 05 00.0' LONGITUDE EAST 77 10.6'

The extension of the boundary beyond position 13m will be done subsequently. Article 2 The Maritime Boundary between Sri Lanka and India in the Bay of Bengal shall be arcs of Great Circles between the following positions, in the sequence given below, defined by latitude and longitude: TABLE C1.T245. SRI LANKA - INDIA MARITIME BOUNDARY: BAY OF BENGAL POSITION 1b 1ba 1bb 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b LATITUDE NORTH 10 05.0' 10 05.8' 10 08.4' 10 33.0' 10 41.7' 11 02.7' 11 16.0' 11 26.6' LONGITUDE EAST 80 03.0' 80 05.0' 80 09.5' 81 46.0' 81 02.5' 81 56.0' 82 24.4' 83 22.0'

Article 5 (1) Every Party shall have sovereignty over the historic waters and territorial sea, as well as over the islands, falling on its side of the aforesaid boundary. (2) Each Party shall have sovereign rights and exlusive jurisdiction over the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone as well as over their resources, whether living or non-living, falling on its side of the aforesaid boundary. (3) Each Party shall respect rights of navigation through its territorial sea and exclusive economic zone in accordance with its laws and regulations and the rules of international law.

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SUDAN
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 70 Territorial Waters and 12nm Foreign warships must obtain permission Continental Shelf Act, No. prior to transiting territorial sea. Innocent 106 passage may be suspended for security reasons. Any portion of high seas wholly surrounded by territorial waters and not extending more than 12nm in any direction is decreed part of territorial waters. These requirements are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested requirements in 1989 and conducted operational assertions in 1979, 1981, 1982 and 19921998. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Dec 70 Territorial Waters and Authorized the drawing of straight STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Continental Shelf Act, No. baselines in specified circumstances. HISTORIC CLAIMS 106 This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1989. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Dec 70 Territorial Waters and 18 nm Claimed security jurisdiction within Continental Shelf Act, No. contiguous zone. 106 This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1989 and conducted operational assertions in 1979, 1981, 1982, 1992, 1998 and 1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 70 Territorial Waters and 1958 Continental Shelf Act, No. DEF 106 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Feb 82 Regional Convention for Agreement with Jordan, Saudi Arabia, REGULATION the Conservation of the Somalia, Yemen, and the Palestinian Red Sea and the Gulf of Liberation Organization to protect Aden Environment environment of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration asserting that purported rights of coastal States to take security measures are compatible with provisions on innocent passage. Jan 85 Ratified Convention.

Jul 94 Signed Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following excerpts from the Territorial Waters and Continental Shelf Act, No. 106, December 1970, authorize straight baselines as specified. Chapter 2 Internal Waters and Territorial Waters 6. The Baseline for Measuring the Territorial Waters: (1) The baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial waters of the Democratic Republic of Sudan shall consist of: (a) Where the coast of the mainland or an island is wholly exposed to the open sea, the lowest low-water line as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the Democratic Republic of the Sudan. (b) Where a bay belongs to the Democratic Republic of Sudan, a line shall be drawn from the headland to headland across the mouth of the bay; (c) Where a shoal is situated not more than twelve nautical miles from the mainland or from a Sudanese island, the lowest low water line on that shoal; (d) Where a port or harbour faces the open sea, a line drawn along the seaward side of the outermost works of the port or harbour and between such works; (e) Where an island is not more than twelve nautical miles from the mainland, appropriate lines drawn from the mainland and along the outer shores of the island; (f) Where there is an island group which may be connected by lines not more than twelve nautical miles long, of which the island nearest to the mainland is not more than twelve nautical miles long, of which the island nearest to the mainland is not more than twelve nautical miles from the mainland, appropriate lines drawn from the mainland and along the outer shores of all the islands of the group if the islands form a chain, or along the outer shores of the outermost islands of the group if the islands do not form a chain. (2) If the delimitation of the territorial waters in accordance with the provisions of this Act results in any portion of the high seas being wholly surrounded by territorial waters and such portion does not extend more than twelve nautical miles in any direction, such portion shall form part of territorial waters. (4) If the internal waters of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan described in section 4, or if the territorial waters delimited in accordance with sections 5 and 6 overlap internal or territorial waters of another State, the delimitation of the internal waters or, as the case may be, the territorial waters of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan and the other State to the contrary, be determined in accordance with the principles of international law.

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SURINAME
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jun 78 Law Concerning 12nm Extension of the Territorial Sea & the Establishment of a Contiguous Economic Zone, 1978, No. 26 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 78 Law No. 26 200nm EEZ: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jul 98

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SWEDEN
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jul 79 Act on the Sea Territory of 12nm Passage restricted to surface transit in Sweden Aaland Strait. In 1995, an early requirement that foreign warships must obtain permission to transit territorial sea was repealed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 66 Law No. 374, Decree No. Established straight baseline coordinates STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 375 (amended in 1978, 1979). HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jul 66 Act No. 314 1958 DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 93 Act and Ordinance on the varies EEZ will not extend beyond midline Exclusive Economic Zone between Sweden and neighboring States. of 3 Dec 1992 Sets forth specific coordinates for outer limits of EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 32 Agreement Sweden and Denmark signed a declaration creating boundary in the Oresund. Revised by 1995 Agreement. Mar 69 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Norway EIF. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Finland (Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Finland) EIF. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Germany (GDR) EIF. Implemented by subsequent agreement in 1990. Boundary agreement with Denmark EIF. Continental shelf boundary agreement and delimitation of the Swedish fishing zone and the USSR economic zone in the Baltic Sea. Boundary agreement with Poland EIF (includes fishing jurisdiction). Tripoint agreement with Poland and former USSR EIF. EEZ and continental shelf boundary agreement with Finland regarding the Aland Sea and northern Baltic Sea. Revised Declaration of Jan 1932 with Denmark concerning the southern part of the boundary in the Sound (Oresund).

Jan 73

Agreement

Dec 78

Agreement

Sep 85 Apr 88

Agreement Agreement

Jun 89

Agreement

May 90

Agreement

Jun 94

Agreement

Jul 95

Exchange of Notes

578

Tripoint agreement with Finland and Estonia in the Baltic Sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration of understanding that rights and duties of neutral States are not affected by the Convention. Jul 94 Jun 96 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Jan 2001

Agreement

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is the text of Law No. 374 (as amended by Act No. 959 of 1978 and Act No. 1140 of 1979) and Decree No. 375 of June 1966 establishing the Swedish straight baseline system. Section 1 The territorial waters of Sweden comprise internal waters and the territorial sea. The territorial waters are delimited to the high seas or the territories of the other states by the territorial limit. Section 2 The internal waters consist of: a) lakes, watercourses and canals, b) ports and bays on the coast and coastal waters within and between islands, islets and skerries up to the straight lines which are established by the Government. In the Oresund (the Sound) between Klagshamn Lighthouse and Kullen, however, only ports are regarded as internal waters. Section 3 The territorial sea consists of the waters outside Sweden's land areas and internal water areas to a breadth of twelve nautical miles or 22,224 metres from the baselines specified in Section 4. However, the territorial sea extends in: a) the Skaggerak, not beyond the established frontier with Norway nor beyond a straight line (compass line) between the point 58 53' 34.0" N, 10 38' 25.0" E and point 58 45' 41.3" N, 10 35' 40.0" E, b) the Skaggerak and the Kattegat, not beyond straight lines between the point 57 59.0' N, 10 59.8' E, the point 57 50.1' N, 11 09.0" E, the point 57 40.5" N, 11 12.3" E, the point 57 27.2' N, 11 31.4' E, the point 57 23.0' N, 11 35.3' E, the point 57 10.4' N, 11 41.2' E, the point 56 58.4' N, 12 00.5' E, the point 56 38.2' N, 12 18.0' E, the point 56 23.0' N, 12 07.2' E and the point 56 18.1' N, 12 19.7' E nor beyond a line which runs four nautical miles from the baseline between the point 56 18.1' N, 12 19.7' E and the point 56 14.4' N, 12 23.6' E. c) the Oresund, not beyond the line along its length specified in the Swedish-Danish Declaration of 30 January 1932 concerning certain boundaries in the Oresund, nor beyond the northern limit of the Oresund towards the Kattegat west of the point 56 14.4' N, 12 23.6' E and in the south towards the Baltic Sea west of the point 55 20.87' N, 12 41.32' E according to the demarcation lines specified in the Declaration, d) the southern Baltic, not beyond a line running four nautical miles from the baselines that passes between the point 55 20.87' N, 12 41.32' E and the point 55 17.70' N, 12 43.32' E nor beyond a straight line between the latter point and the point 55 08.9' N, 12 55.7' E,

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e) the Bornholmsgattet, not beyond a straight line between the point 55 10.6' N, 14 10.2" E and the point 55 36.4' N, 14 42.3' E, f) the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bothnian Sea, the Sea of Aland and the northern-most part of the Baltic Sea, not beyond the established frontier to Finland and in those areas where there is no such frontier, not beyond any of the boundaries of the continental shelf or of the Swedish fishing zone which have been agreed with Finland, nor beyond the median line between the Swedish and Finnish baselines. Section 4 In the case of land areas, the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured is the low-water line along the coast. The territorial sea, however, is measured from skerries which rise above sea level at low-water level but not at mean water level, only if the skerries are not more than twelve nautical miles from the land areas belonging to Sweden which are visible above water surface at mean water level. As regards internal waters along the coast, the territorial sea is measured from the outer boundaries of these water areas (straight baselines) unless such measurement is to be done in some other way because a land area is situated outside a straight baseline. Section 5 Further regulations concerning the measuring of the territorial sea are given by the Government. List of baseline points A horizontal line across column 1 denotes an interruption in the system of straight baselines. TABLE C1.T246. SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM BASELINE POINT 1 DESIGNATION AND DESCRIPTION The centre of a straight line connecting the northernmost of the skerries designated as "Stora Drammen" and the Hejeknubb halfsubmerged rock situated south-east of Heja Island. (According to the arbitral award of 23 October 1909 in the question of the maritime boundary between Sweden and Norway). Stora Drammen. North Point. LONGITUDE NORTH 58 56.5' N LATITUDE EAST 10 55.2' E

58 55.8' N

10 57.7' E

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Stora Drammen west. West point. Klningen-rholmen. West point. Segelskaren. West point. Trolleskaren. West point. Yttre Brottet. South-west point. Mseskar. West point. Dynan. West point. Vinga Ungar. West point. Klockfoten. South-west point. Klback. South-west point. Rodskar. South-west point. Lindbaden. West point. Marsten. South-west point.

58 55.8' N 58 53.3' N 58 46.7' N 58 32.2' N 58 19.7' N 58 05.7' N 57 53.7' N 57 38.2' N 57 17.8' N 57 09.1' N 57 03.8' N 56 55.1' N 56 49.8' N

10 57.6' E 10 57.8' E 10 58.7' E 11 01.3' E 11 12.4' E 11 19.7' E 11 26.3' E 11 35.5' E 11 53.8' E 12 06.6' E 12 14.6' E 12 21.5' E 12 31.2' E

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SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM BASELINE POINT 16 17 18 19 DESIGNATION AND DESCRIPTION Busorereven. South-west point. Tylo. West point. Hallands Vadero. West point. Kullen. West point. LONGITUDE NORTH 56 43.8' N 56 38.9' N 56 27.1' N 56 18.2' N LATITUDE EAST 12 37.4' E 12 42.6' E 12 32.6' E 12 26.9' E

20 21 22 23 24

Klagshamn. West point. Vastra Haken. North-west point. Skanor. West point. Falsterbo. South-west point. Mklappen north.

55 31.2' N 55 27.2' N 55 25.0' N 55 22.7' N 55 21.9' N

12 53.2' E 12 50.5' E 12 49.6' E 12 48.8' E 12 48.4' E

25 26 27 28

Mklappen south-west, West-south-west point Falsterborov. South point. Segelskaren. South-east point. Skare lage. South point.

55 21.4' N 55 20.2' N 55 22.7' N 55 22.5' N

12 48.5' E 12 49.0' E 12 56.1' E 13 03.2' E

29 30 31

Revhaken. South point. Krknabben. South-east point. Hano south. South point.

55 54.4' N 55 59.6' N 56 00.0' N

14 18.4' E 14 43.4' E 14 50.7' E

32 33 34 35 36 37 38

Hano south-east. South-east point. Tarno. South-south-east point. Vitbden. South-west point. Utklippan south-west. South-west point of the south-westernmost skerry of the island group. Utklippan south-east. South-east point of the south-westernmost skerry of the island group. Utlangan. South-east point. Southern point of Oland. South-east point.

56 00.3' N 56 06.6' N 56 04.8' N 55 56.0' N 55 56.9' N 56 00.7' N 56 11.7' N

14 51.6' E 14 58.5' E 15 28.7' E 15 42.1' E 15 42.4' E 15 47.6' E 16 24.3' E

39 40 41 42 43 44

Lnglot. Easternmost skerry east-south-east of Langlot church. Kapelludden. East-south-east point. Lngoreudde. East point. Kenasudden. East point. Strandtorp. East point. Angjarnsudden. East point.

56 44.0' N 56 49.2' N 56 50.8' N 57 10.7' N 57 13.7' N 57 18.5' N

16 46.0' E 16 51.0' E 16 52.3' E 17 04.6' E 17 05.2' E 17 09.3' E

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SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM BASELINE POINT DESIGNATION AND DESCRIPTION LONGITUDE NORTH LATITUDE EAST

45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

North-eastern point of Oland. North-east point. Lilla Bden. East point. Kungsgrundet. Light Storklappen. East point. Sandsankan. East point. Torsken. South point. Yttre Karvasen. South-south-east point. Yttre Karvasen. South-east point. Roxen. South-east point. Vasterbommen. South-east point. Stora Ivarn. South-east point. Sjalberget. South-east point. Osterskar. South-east point. Soderbden. South-east point. Ytterberget. Langden. North-north-east point. Tjarven. North-east point. Bjorkabaden. North-east point. Bysholmen. East point. Halsaren. East point. Travarbulten (Travarn). East point. Understen. East point. Klacken. North-east point. Hogkallegrund. North-east point. Jarngrund. North-east point. Lofgrunds rabbar. North-east point. Storskvalpet. East point. Hallgrund. Light. Ago. East point. Gshallan. East-south-east point. Gran. East point. Bramon. East point.

57 21.4' N 57 35.7' N 57 41.1' N 57 50.6' N 58 18.6' N 58 32.1' N 58 42.7' N 58 42.8' N 58 43.9' N 58 57.5' N 58 58.3' N 59 04.0' N 59 18.4' N 59 25.1' N 59 37.2' N 59 44.3' N 59 47.6' N 59 53.6' N 60 02.4' N 60 13.3' N 60 14.4' N 60 16.6' N 60 25.7' N 60 31.0' N 60 38.5' N 60 49.3' N 61 10.5' N 61 16.7' N 61 32.6' N 61 43.4' N 62 01.0' N 62 13.1' N

17 07.8' E 16 49.9' E 16 54.4' E 16 51.1' E 17 10.0' E 17 13.3' E 17 58.4' E 17 58.5' E 18 01.4' E 18 35.4' E 18 37.0' E 18 48.3' E 19 11.6' E 19 30.1" E 19 38.7' E 19 27.8' E 19 22.4' E 19 05.8' E 18 51.7' E 18 55.0' E 18 55.2' E 18 55.5' E 18 49.7' E 18 30.2' E 18 01.3' E 17 31.3' E 17 20.6' E 17 24.1' E 17 28.3' E 17 33.6' E 17 38.8' E 17 44.9' E

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SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM BASELINE POINT 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 DESIGNATION AND DESCRIPTION Svenskar. East point. Harnoklubb. South-east point. Guldgrundet. South-east point. Gnaggen. South-east point. Skags Flasor. South-east point. Sjalbdan. South-east point. Norra Lngrogrundet. South-south-east point. Sydvasbrotten. South-east point. Sonnerstgrundkallen. South-east point. Svartbdahallan. South-east point. Jagarstenen. Idmanskallen. East-south-east point. Stora Fjaderagg east. East point. LONGITUDE NORTH 62 30.7' N 62 36.0' N 62 51.3' N 62 56.7' N 63 12.3' N 63 15.1' N 63 19.3' N 63 24.8' N 63 34.5' N 63 35.3' N 63 40.4' N 63 40.1' N 63 48.6' N LATITUDE EAST 17 53.8' E 18 03.6' E 18 28.3' E 18 37.5' E 19 05.4' E 19 12.0' E 19 40.9' E 20 01.8' E 20 44.6' E 20 47.2' E 20 55.5' E 20 56.2' E 21 01.2' E

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Stora Fjaderagg north-east. East-north-east point. Blankhallan. East point. Yttre Vanskar. South-east point. Blackallen. South-east point. Grundskaten. East-south-east point. Kapagrund. East point. Skotgronnan. East point. Storgrundet. South-east point. Ronnskar. South-east point. Sodra Bondokallarna. South-east point. Marakallen. South-east point. Mnshallorna. South point. Maloren. South-south-east point. Letto. South point Gotland Nyrevsudden. West-north-west point. Utholmen. West point. Lilla Karlso west. West point.

63 48.8' N 63 59.0' N 64 09.7' N 64 20.1' N 64 26.0' N 64 27.3' N 64 35.7' N 64 52.2' N 65 01.9' N 65 07.7' N 65 16.9' N 65 27.8' N 65 31.2' N 65 35.2' N 57 32.1' N 57 25.9' N 57 18.7' N

21 01.0' E 20 54.9' E 21 08.1' E 21 31.2' E 21 37.1' E 21 37.4' E 21 30.6' E 21 18.2' E 21 34.1' E 21 53.4' E 22 37.0' E 22 46.2' E 23 33.7' E 23 57.2' E 18 06.5' E 18 05.3' E 18 03.2' E

107 108

Lilla Karlso. West-south-west point. Hammarudd. West point.

57 18.6' N 57 15.5' N

18 03.3' E 18 05.6' E

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SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM BASELINE POINT 109 110 DESIGNATION AND DESCRIPTION Nasrevet. West point. Hoburg. West point. LONGITUDE NORTH 57 03.3' N 56 55.2' N LATITUDE EAST 18 09.5' E 18 07.5' E

111 112 113 114 115 116

Barshageudd. South point Heligholmen. South-east point. Raudehunden. South-east point. Faludden. South-east point. Narsholmen. South-east point. Ostergarn south. South point.

56 54.4' N 56 55.3' N 56 57.6' N 56 59.7' N 57 13.4' N 57 25.8' N

18 11.7' E 18 17.3' E 18 21.4' E 18 24.1' E 18 42.1' E 18 59.3' E

117 118 119 120

Ostergarn north-east. North-east point. Kyrkebingegrund. East point. Rute Missloper. South-east point. Holmudden. South-east point.

57 26.8' N 57 33.7' N 57 45.9' N 57 57.5' N

18 59.5' E 18 49.3' E 19 05.6' E 19 21.2' E

121 122 123 124 U.S. ANALYSIS

Skarsandan. North point. Norsholmen. North point. Langhammarshammaren. North point. Hallshuk. North point.

57 59.2' N 57 59.9' N 58 00.0' N 57 55.9' N

19 18.5' E 19 14.6' E 19 11.4' E 18 43.6' E

The following comments regarding the Swedish straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 47, "Straight Baselines: Sweden" of 14 September 1972. The new baseline system represents a marked modification of the 1934 system in that the number of points used has been drastically reduced and the length of lines significantly increased. The system, however, remains essentially compatible with the provisions of the Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone. Furthermore, the system is very similar to those drawn by Norway and Finland.... A general analysis of the length and nature of the straight baselines within the system is given below: TABLE C1.T247. SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS LINE 1-2 LENGTH 1.5 COMMENTS Line 1-2 commences from a Norwegian islet; point one on the Swedish system is marked by the intersection of the line with the Norwegian-Swedish territorial sea boundary. This highly unusual system has been employed by Denmark, Germany, Norway, and Finland. After a short discontinuity in the system, line 3-4 extends along a skerry-strewn coastline. Generally parallels the mainland.

3-4 4-5

2.4 6.8

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SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS LINE 5-6 6-7 7-8 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 LENGTH 14.5 13.8 14.5 16.2 23.6 11.3 7.0 8.8 7.5 6.8 5.8 13.0 14.5 Sub-total 180.5 (17) 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 25-26 26-27 27-28 4.6 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.1 4.5 4.3 There is a slight break between points 24 and 25. Enclose Solvesborg Fjord which does not conform to juridical bay requirements unless the embayment is considered to be a multi-mouthed bay. Slight discontinuity between points 31 and 32. Closes Karlshamm fjord. Entire coastline is skerry-fringed and deeply indented through point no. 37. The coastline is essentially featureless, and the justification of these lines is difficult to understand; the effects are minimal. These two segments close dual bays, both of which are 18-19 juridical bays. The seventeen segments of straight baselines enclose, for all practical purposes, the entire Skaggerak coast of Sweden within the system. The two segments enclose a small juridical bay and harbor. Coast is generally indented, but skerries exist only on near-shore. This new segment, for example, replaces three segments situated landward of 10-11. The former turning points were situated between 0.2 and 0.9 n.m. shoreward of the 1966 line. 2.2 n.m. seaward of the apex of the previous lines. COMMENTS Center of the line is about 4.4 n.m. from the mainland 1966 line is about 1.5 n.m. seaward of the 1934 line's deepest penetration (landward).

Sub-total 20.4 (7) 29-30 30-31 32-33 33-34 34-35 35-36 36-37 37-38 15.0 4.1 7.5 17.8 10.7 .1 4.8 23.3

Joins the island Oland to the mainland about 12.5 nautical miles seaward of 1934 line.

Sub-total 83.3 (8) 39-40 5.8 Skerries close on-shore.

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SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS LINE 40-41 41-42 42-43 43-44 45-46 46-47 47-48 48-49 49-50 50-51 51-52 52-53 53-54 54-55 55-56 56-57 57-58 58-59 59-60 60-61 61-62 62-63 63-64 64-65 65-66 66-67 67-68 68-69 69-70 70-71 71-72 72-73 73-74 LENGTH 1.8 20.8 3.4 5.4 17.0 6.0 9.7 30.0 13.7 25.8 0.1 2.0 21.7 1.5 8.2 18.8 11.5 13.0 8.9 4.4 10.4 11.4 11.4 1.0 2.2 19.5 11.0 16.4 18.2 21.9 6.6 15.7 11.4 Central section of this line previously had no straight baseline. Fenno-Swedish island of Marken is not used as a basepoint in the system although used by the Finns. Both points are symbolized as low-tide elevations as are others in the general system area. The longest segment of the system; it is well short of the Norwegian maximum of 40.00 n.m. for a geographic line. It replaces six lines of the 1934 system extending baseline system about 2.7 n.m. seaward. Rejoins Oland to the mainland about 8.5 n.m. north of the 1934 union. Justification of certain segments difficult due to lack of fringing islands or deep indentations of coast, e.g., Bodo Bugt is not a juridical bay. Break of 3.5 n.m. in system at northeast tip of Oland. COMMENTS

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SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS LINE 74-75 75-76 76-77 77-78 78-79 79-80 80-81 81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 90-91 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-100 100-101 101-102 102-103 103LENGTH 18.0 12.6 17.7 7.5 19.0 6.9 20.1 4.3 13.5 10.8 21.5 1.5 6.2 0.7 8.1 11.0 12.2 14.5 6.4 1.3 9.5 17.0 11.9 5.1 20.4 11.5 20.1 10.5 5.4 To Fenno-Swedish sea boundary. Major deviation between the 1934 and 1966 systems. Newer one includes in Swedish territorial and internal waters a triangular area of c. 100 sq. n.m. Basepoint No. 100 is about 5.9 n.m. seaward of point in previous system. Points 93 - 95 were in the previous system of straight baselines A slight discontinuity exists between Nos. 89 and 90. Basepoint No. 83 is on an island...situated 5.7 n.m. seaward of the 1934 straight baseline system. Basepoint No. 84 is 3.5 n.m. seaward of previous straight baseline system. Basepoints Nos. 85 and 86 were part of the 1934 system. COMMENTS

Sub-total 711.8 (63) 104-105 105-106 107-108 6.4 6.8 3.3 Coastline is only slightly indented. Slight discontinuity in system between Nos. 106 and 107. System joins two small offshore islands to Gotland but leaves island of St. Karlso beyond system.

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SWEDEN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: U.S. ANALYSIS LINE 108-109 109-110 111-112 112-113 113-114 114-115 115-116 118-119 119-120 121-122 122-123 123-124 LENGTH 12.4 8.5 3.1 4.4 2.5 17.0 15.8 15.1 14.3 2.3 1.8 15.4 Discontinuous to point of origin, Point No. 104 for a distance of about 32 n.m. Slight discontinuity between Nos. 116 and 117. The two points form part of 1934 system; five intervening points, situated landward, have been omitted. Slight break in system to No. 121. These two lines enclose two small, juridical bays. Nos. 112-114 were part of 1934 system. COMMENTS Difficult to justify, but the system has little effect on the territorial sea limit. Encloses Burgs Viken, a juridical bay. Discontinuity to No. 111.

Sub-total 138.1 (16) Total 1,128.1 nautical miles with 111 segments. Summary The Swedish straight baseline system of 1966 conforms generally with the Scandinavian pattern. In spite of the changes from the 1934 system, the length of lines remains essentially very short and they conform to a remarkable degree with the general direction of the coast criterion established in the Norwegian Fisheries Case and in the Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone. The longest straight-baseline segment measures approximately 30 nautical miles. The average length of line is slightly more than ten nautical miles. This average is comparable with other systems which may be judged conformal to the international practices of West European states. The system covers virtually the entire coastline of Sweden. Only in the extreme south and along the west coast of Gotland have important areas been left without straight baselines. Elsewhere, areas which do not contain deeply indented coasts or fringes of islands are enclosed occasionally within the system; however, the effects of these lines are minimal in extending the outer limit of the territorial sea. According to the descriptions, the turning points are high-tide elevations or contain navigation lights. On the charts, however, a number are symbolized as low-tide elevations. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS SWEDEN - DENMARK The following is extracted from the Agreement between Sweden and Denmark concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf and Fishing Zones, EIF September 1985. Article 1 The demarcation line between the areas of the continental shelf, over which Sweden and Denmark respectively exercise sovereign rights regarding exploration and extraction of natural resources, shall, in principle, be the median line between the two States. Article 2 In accordance with the principle mentioned in article 1, but with exceptions motivated by practical and other considerations, the demarcation line shall be drawn as straight lines (geodetic lines) between points mentioned in articles 3 and 5 below. Article 3 Between Skagerrak and Kattegat, the demarcation line is drawn through the following points in the following order:

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TABLE C1.T248. SWEDEN - DENMARK CONTINENTAL SHELF AND FISHING ZONE POINT A B C D E F G LATITUDE NORTH 58 15' 41.2" 58 08' 00.1" 57 49' 00.6" 57 27' 00.0" 56 30' 32.3" 56 18' 14.1" 56 12' 58.9" LONGITUDE EAST 10 01' 48.1" 10 32' 32.8" 11 02' 55.6" 11 23' 57.4" 12 08' 52.1" 12 05' 15.9" 12 21' 48.0"

Article 4 In Oresund the demarcation line from point G in article to point H in article 5 coincides with the demarcation line decided in the declaration of 30 January 1932 between Sweden and Denmark regarding certain border-conditions in Oresund or later changes therein. Article 5 In the Baltic Sea the demarcation line from the southernmost point of the demarcation line in Oresund is drawn in accordance with the provisions of article 4 through the following points in the following order: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T248. POINT H I J K L M LATITUDE NORTH 55 20' 14.2" 55 18' 30.0" 55 15' 00.0" 55 10' 00.0" 55 03' 54.0" 55 00' 35.2" LONGITUDE EAST 12 38' 31.0" 12 38' 20.0" 12 40' 38.0" 12 47' 41.6" 13 03' 20.0" 13 08' 45.0"

From point M the demarcation line continues as a straight line up until a point on which agreement is met with the third party in question. Thereafter the demarcation line is drawn as a straight line from a point on which an agreement is reached with the third party, and continues through the following points in the following order: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T248. POINT P Q R S LATITUDE NORTH 54 57' 49.1" 55 18' 44.0" 55 41' 29.4" 55 21' 18.6" LONGITUDE EAST 13 59' 40.0" 14 27' 36.0" 15 02' 34.4" 16 30' 29.7"

From point S the demarcation line continues as a straight line up to a point on which an agreement is made with the third party in question. Exchange of Notes regarding the Boundary Situation in the Sound: In an exchange of notes on 28 June and 3 July 1995, agreement was reached on revision of demarcation in the southern part of

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the Sound between Denmark and Sweden in connection with the Declaration of 30 January 1932, between Denmark and Sweden concerning the Boundary Situation in the Sound. The agreement provides for a revision of the line of demarcation in the southern part of the Sound as follows: The coordinates in the Declaration are converted to European Datum 1950 (ED 50) and again to European Reference Frame (EUREF 89). The positions, which replace the original ones in the Declaration are given with geographic coordinates in EUREF 89, and agree within 1 (one) meter with World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84): TABLE C1.T249. SWEDEN - DENMARK REVISED COORDINATES: THE SOUND POINT Lous Flak 1932 55 49' 36" N 12 42' 42" E Saltholm Flak 55 41' 55" N 12 51' 00" E Point 1 55 38' 37" N 12 53' 54" E Point 2 55 36' 49" N 12 53' 04" E Point 3 55 32' 25" N 12 43' 57" E Point 4 55 29' 19" N 12 43' 06" E Point 5 55 25' 52" N 12 36' 49" E Point 6 55 20' 12" N 12 38' 42" E ED 50 55 49' 37.9" N 12 42' 31.0" E 55 41' 57.0" N 12 50' 48.9" E 55 38' 39.0" N 12 53' 42.8" E 55 36' 51.0" N 12 52' 52.9" E 55 32' 27.1" N 12 43' 46.0" E 55 29' 21.1" N 12 42' 55.0" E 55 25' 54.2" N 12 36' 38.1" E 55 20' 14.2" N 12 38' 31.1" E EUREF 89 55 49.596' N 12 42.446' E 55 41.915' N 12 50.745' E 55 38.615' N 12 53.643' E 55 36.814' N 12 52.812' E 55 32.416' N 12 43.697' E 55 29.316' N 12 42.847' E 55 25.867' N 12 36.565' E 55 20.200' N 12 38.448' E

SWEDEN - FINLAND The following is extracted from the Agreement between Sweden and Finland on the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf in the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bothnian Sea, the Aaland Sea and the Northernmost Part of the Baltic Sea, EIF January 1973. Article 1 The boundary between the areas of continental shelf over which Sweden and Finland respectively exercise sovereign rights for the purposes of the exploration and utilization of natural resources shall in principle be a median line between the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of each country is measured. Departures from this principle have, however, been made in order to take into account, as special circumstances within the meaning of the Geneva Convention, the boundary lines which were established; on the one hand, in the year of 1811 in the topographic description of the frontier drawn up after the Peace of Fredrikshamn (Hamina) and on the other hand, in the Convention of 20 October 1921 relating to the Non-Fortification and Neutralisation of the Aaland Islands. In order to arrive at a practical and expedient delineation of the boundary, the boundary shall be drawn in the form of straight lines between the points which are specified in articles 2 to 4. Article 2 The northern starting point of the boundary shall be the point where the outer boundary of the Swedish territorial sea meets the sea frontier between Sweden and Finland. The coordinates of the point are:

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TABLE C1.T250. SWEDEN - FINLAND MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 LATITUDE NORTH 65 31.8' LONGITUDE EAST 24 08.4'

From this point, the boundary coincides with the Finnish sea frontier to the point where the outer boundary of the Finnish territorial sea meets the sea frontier. The coordinates of the point are: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T250. POINT 2 LATITUDE NORTH 65 30.9' Article 3 From point 2 the boundary passes through the following points: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T250. POINT 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 LATITUDE NORTH 63 40.0' 63 31.3' 63 29.1' 63 20.0' 62 42.0' 60 40.7' 60 22.5' 60 22.3' LONGITUDE EAST 21 30.0' 20 56.4' 20 41.8' 20 24.0' 19 31.5' 19 14.1' 19 09.5' 19 09.5' LONGITUDE EAST 24 08.2'

Point 9 is the point of intersection between the outer boundary of the Swedish territorial sea and the straight line between point 8 and Market (point 16 in the 1921 Aaland Convention). From point 9 to point 10, the boundary coincides with the Swedish sea frontier. Point 10 is the point of intersection between the outer boundary of the Finnish territorial sea and the straight line between point 8 and Market. Article 4 South of point 10 the boundary resumes at the point where the territorial sea of Sweden and that of Finland cease to be contiguous. The coordinates of the point are: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T250. POINT 11 LATITUDE NORTH 60 14.2' LONGITUDE EAST 19 06.5'

From point 11 the boundary coincides with the Finnish sea frontier to a point the coordinates of which are:

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T250. POINT 12 LATITUDE NORTH 60 13.0' LONGITUDE EAST 19 06.0'

From point 12 the boundary passes through the following points: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T250. POINT 13 14 15 16 17 LATITUDE NORTH 60 11.5' 59 47.7' 59 47.5' 59 45.2' 59 26.7' LONGITUDE EAST 19 05.2' 19 39.4' 19 39.7' 19 43.0' 20 09.4'

Between points 14, 15 and 16 the boundary coincides with the Finnish sea frontier. Article 5 Points 8, 13, 15 and 17 as defined in articles 3 and 4 are identical with 17, 15, 14 and 13 respectively, in the 1921 Aaland Convention. SWEDEN - GERMANY The following is extracted from the Agreement between Sweden and Germany concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf, EIF December 1978. Article 1 The boundary line between the continental shelf of the GDR and the continental shelf of the Kingdom of Sweden shall be that line of which every point is equidistant from the nearest points of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of either Contracting Party is measured. Article 2 1. In accordance with the principle set out in Article 1 and with regard to deviations that are necessary for an appropriate and practical boundary line, the boundary shall be drawn as a straight line (geodetic lines) throughout the following points in the given order: A. In the system of sea-charts of the GDR: TABLE C1.T251. SWEDEN - GERMANY CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 B. In the system of sea-charts of the Kingdom of Sweden: LATITUDE NOTH 55 00' 36" 55 01' 15" 54 57' 52" LONGITUDE EAST 13 09' 23" 13 47' 05" 13 59' 12"

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CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T251. POINT 1 2 3 LATITUDE NORTH 55 00' 36" 55 01' 15" 54 57' 52" LONGITUDE EAST 13 09' 26" 13 47' 08" 13 59' 15"

2. West of point 1 and East of point 3 the boundary line shall extend to the outer points which will have to be agreed with the third State concerned. SWEDEN - POLAND The following is extracted from the Agreement between Sweden and Poland concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf and the Fishery Zones, EIF May 1990. Article 1 The delimitation line between the areas of the continental shelf over which Sweden and Poland respectively exercise sovereign rights in regard to exploration and exploitation of natural resources, and between the fishery zones of Sweden and Poland consist of straight lines (geodetic lines) connecting the points indicated in Article 2. Article 2 The delimitation line shall be drawn through the following points in the order indicated: TABLE C1.T252. SWEDEN - POLAND MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT A B C D E F LATITUDE NORTH 55 21.640' 55 30.000' 55 35.235' 55 46.985' 55 55.293' 55 52.876 LONGITUDE EAST 16 32.000' 17 00.000' 17 22.680' 18 00.000' 18 21.800' 18 54.000'

From point A to the West and point F to the East the delimitation line shall continue to points on which Agreement shall be reached with the third state concerned. SWEDEN - POLAND - USSR The following is extracted from the Agreement between Sweden, Poland and the USSR concerning the Junction Point of their Maritime Boundaries in the Baltic, EIF May 1990. Article 1 From the points indicated below: Point D with geographic coordinates 55 51' 00" north latitude and 18 56' 12" east longitude, established by the Treaty between [Poland] and the USSR on the Delimitation of the Territorial Sea, the Economic Zone, the Fishery Zone and the Continental Shelf in the Baltic Sea of 17 July 1985': Point A17 with geographic coordinates 55 53,482' north latitude and 18 56,717' east longitude, according to the Soviet coordinate system or 55 53,482' north latitude and 18 56,777' east longitude, according to the Swedish coordinate system, established by agreement between Sweden and the USSR on the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf and of the Soviet Economic Zone and Swedish Fishing Zone in the Baltic Sea of 18 April 1988;

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Point F with geographic coordinates 55 52,876' north latitude and 18 54.000' east longitude, according to the 'World Geodetic System 1972,' established in accordance with the Agreement on the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf and the Fishery Zones between the Kingdom of Sweden and Poland of 10 February 1989; the delimitation line continues along straight lines (geodetic lines) to the junction point with geographic coordinates 55 52.788' north latitude and 18 55.545' east longitude.

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SYRIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Dec 2003 Law No. 28, Internal 12nm Rolled back 35nm claim. Still requires that Waters and Territorial Sea foreign warships and nuclear-powered Limits vessels obtain permission prior to transiting territorial sea. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S has protested these claims and conducted numerous operational assertions. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Dec 2003 Law No. 28, Internal Authorized straight baselines in specified STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Waters and Territorial Sea circumstances. HISTORIC CLAIMS Limits _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Dec 2003 Law No. 28, Internal 24nm Rolled back 41nm claim. Still claims Waters and Territorial Sea security jurisdiction. Limits This claim is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Dec 2003 Law No. 28, Internal 200nm Waters and Territorial Sea Limits _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 2003 Law No. 28, Internal 1958 Waters and Territorial Sea DEF Limits _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Apr 82 Voted for; did not sign. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is from the Act of Internal Waters and Territorial Sea Limits in the Syrian Arab Republic, Law No. 28, of 19 November 2003 (EIF December 2003). Article 2 The Internal Waters of the Syrian Arab Republic includes the following: a. The waters of the bays lying along the coast of the Syrian Arab Republic they are defined as being between the Coast line and the straight line between the low tide limit at the two points of its natural entrance. b. Any shoal not further than twelve miles from land or from any Syrian Arab Island this is defined between the coast line and the line coming from the shoal outward. c. The waters lying between the land and any Syrian Arab Island not farther than twelve Nautical Miles from land, and which external line is considered at the lowest tide. d. The waters among the Syrian Arab Island not farther than twelve nautical miles from each other at the lowest tide. Article 44 Legislative Decree No. 304 for 1963 and Law No. 37 for year 1981 are no longer operative.

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U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding the Syrian straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 53, "Straight Baselines: Syria" of 10 October 1973, and discussed the 1963 baselines which have been repealed. However, the generic language for baselines is similar in the 2003 law, and the analysis below is, in general terms, still relevant. The Syrian law contains nearly the identical definitional problems of the cited Saudi Arabian and Egyptian law. While a "bay" is defined according to the semi-circle requirement of the Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, no maximum limits for the closure are incorporated in the legislation. Syria, however, is not a party to the Convention. The Syrian law permits the enclosure within the internal waters of the state of "shoals,".... The Convention, however, prohibits the drawing of straight baselines to low-tide elevations unless they have a permanent structure constructed on them. While the law's definition implies that part of the "shoal" may be a low-tide elevation, the requirement is not clear. Nevertheless, the baseline system may be drawn about the seaward (submarine) edge of the "shoal." The limit, unfortunately, is not specifically delimited, i.e., a fathom or metric depth of a certain value could have been designated. It is noted that neither the Convention nor customary state practice sanctions the use of submerged features as limits for straight baseline systems. Article 4 delimits the territorial sea as extending 12 nautical miles from the baselines.... The precise locations of the straight baseline segments cannot, as a result, be determined. However, the Syrian coastline is neither deeply indented nor fringed with many islands. As a consequence, it is possible to establish the general areas in which the system could be developed. ...The interpretation of shoals, however, complicates the general question of the potential location of lines. In the region of No. 1 on the attached chart, three small islands are situated on a shoal area. Northward, continuing along the same axis, there are two additional islets (also on a shoal) and a third isolated island. These islands are all within 12 nautical miles of each other and could, by definition, be enclosed within the system. The specific turning points could be on the islands or on the shoals to the west thereof. Two small areas of shoal water extend northward to No. 2 Jazirat Arwad. This island lies within 12 nautical miles of the shoals and the islands to the south. The system would logically incorporate Arwad with the southern islands. Northward, a string of shoal water area extends to three small islets, situated offshore from Ra's al Hasan. The distances among the islands and Arwad measure less than 12 nautical miles. The question of the turning points is open, again as a consequence of the presence of "shoal" waters in the intervening areas. Shoal waters extend from the coastline northward near al Marqab, Ra's Baldat al Malik, and Jablah. It is not possible to ascertain if these areas, which are within 12 nautical miles of each other, have been utilized as basepoints; the official baseline charts would be required. The extension of the baseline, however, would have a very limited effect on the territorial sea. Additional shoal areas extend along the peninsula of Ra's ibn Hani' and at point No. 4 on the attached chart. Finally, at point No. 5, a small island (Pigeon) lies immediately offshore and would mark the final straight baseline segment of the Syrian system. Summary The straight baseline system cannot be constructed with authority from the legislation. The official Syrian charts are required. However, the coastal features of Syria are limited in extent and in geographical distribution. The total effect of the system, as a result, would be relatively limited on the extension of the territorial sea. The law, however, does provide for the use of shoals, normally a submerged feature, and the incorporation of areas of high seas less than 12 miles in extent. In contrast to the Saudi Arabian example, the latter would have no effect in the case of Syria.

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TAIWAN (Republic of China)

The U.S. recognizes the People's Republic of China as the sole legal government of China, but maintains cultural, commercial and other unofficial relations with Taiwan. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 98 Law on the Territorial Sea 12nm Notice requirement for foreign military or & Contiguous Zone of the government vessels, and nuclear-powered Republic of China vessels, prior to passage through the territorial seas. This requirement is not recognized by the U.S. The U.S. conducted an operational assertion protesting this requirement in 2001. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 98 Law on the Territorial Sea Establishes straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & & Contiguous Zone of the HISTORIC CLAIMS Republic of China The U.S. conducted an operational assertion protesting this claim in 2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jan 98 Law on the Territorial Sea 24nm & Contiguous Zone of the Republic of China _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jan 98 Law on the EEZ and the CM ...through the natural prolongation of its Continental Shelf of the land territory to the outer edge of the Republic of China continental margin. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 98 Law on the EEZ and the 200nm EEZ. Continental Shelf of the Republic of China _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LEGISLATION Following are extracts from the Law on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone of the Republic of China, approved and effective on 21 January 1998. Article 1 This Law is enacted to preserve the sovereignty over the territorial sea and the rights over the contiguous zone of the Republic of China. Matters not covered by this law shall be governed by the provisions of other related laws. Article 2 The sovereignty of the Republic of China extends to its territorial sea, the air space over its territorial sea, its seabed and its subsoil. Article 3 The territorial sea of the Republic of China shall be the sea area between the baseline and the outer limits measuring outwardly twelve nautical miles from the baseline. Article 4 The delimitation of the baseline of the territorial sea of the Republic of China shall be determined by a combination of straight baseline in principle and normal baseline as exception. Article 5 The baseline and the outer limits of the territorial sea of the Republic of China shall be decided by the Executive Yuan and may be promulgated in parts.

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Article 6 In the event that the territorial sea of the Republic of China overlaps with the territorial sea of adjacent or opposite countries, the delimitation shall be the equidistant median line. Where there is an agreement, such an agreement shall govern. The equidistant median line prescribed in the preceding paragraph is a line on which every point is equidistant from the nearest points on the baseline of the Republic of China and the adjacent or opposite countries. Article 7 Foreign civil vessels may, under the reciprocity principle, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea of the Republic of China as long as the passage in not prejudicial to the peace, good order and security of the Republic of China. Passage shall be continuous and expeditious and be in accordance with this law and other international regulations. An innocent continuous and expeditious passage, complying with this law and other international regulations as prescribed in the preceding paragraph may include stopping and anchoring under necessity, provided the same are incidental to ordinary navigation or are rendered necessary by force majeure or distress or for the purpose of rendering assistance to persons, vessels or aircraft in danger or distress. Foreign military or government vessels shall give prior notice to the authorities concerned before their passage through the territorial sea of the Republic of China. While passing through the territorial sea of the Republic of China, foreign submarines and other underwater vessels are required to navigate on the surface and to display their flags. Regulations governing innocent passage of foreign vessels shall be decided by the Executive Yuan. ... Article 8 A foreign vessel is not innocent in its passage through the territorial sea of the Republic of China if it engages in any one of the following activities: 1. Any threat or use of force against the sovereignty or territorial integrity of the Republic of China; 2. Any exercise or practice with any kind of weapons; 3. Any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the defense or security of the Republic of China; 4. Any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the defense or security of the Republic of China; 5. The launching or landing of any aircraft or taking on board of any navigation equipment; 6. The launching, landing or taking on board of any military device; 7. The loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person contrary to the customs, fiscal, trade, inspection, immigration, sanitary or environmental protection laws and regulations of the Republic of China; 8. Any act of serious pollution; 9. Any activity concerning catching living beings; 10. The activity of research or survey; 11. Any act aimed at interfering with any systems of communication or any other facilities or installations of the Republic of China; and 12. Any other activity not having a direct bearing on innocent passage. Article 9 Foreign nuclear-powered vessels and vessels carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances shall, when exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea of the Republic of China, carry documents authorized in accordance with international agreements and such vessels shall be permitted and monitored by the Government of the Republic of China. The Executive Yuan shall decide the permission and monitoring regulations. Article 10 For protecting national security and national interests, the Government of the Republic of China may suspend temporarily in specified areas of its territorial sea the innocent passage of foreign vessels. The Executive Yuan shall promulgate the specified areas and the duration of suspension of innocent passages as prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

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Article 11 The Government of the Republic of China may adopt laws and regulations relating to innocent passage through its territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the followings: 1. The maintenance of navigation safety and the regulation of maritime traffic; 2. The protection of navigational aids and facilities and other installations or facilities; 3. The protection of cables and pipelines; 4. The conservation of living marine resources; 5. The prevention and punishment of infringement of the fisheries laws and regulations of the Republic of China; 6. The preservation of the environment of the Republic of China and the prevention, reduction and control of any possible pollution thereof; 7. The prevention and punishment of any marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys undertaken without prior permission; 8. The prevention and punishment of infringement of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitation laws and regulations of the Republic of China; and 9. The prevention and punishment of other activities without direct bearing on innocent passage. The laws and regulations relating to innocent passage in the territorial sea prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be duly promulgated by the Executive Yuan. Article 12 The Government of the Republic of China may, for the purposes of protecting the safety of navigation, prevention of destroying on-the-sea and under-the-sea installations or marine resources as well as the prevention of marine environment pollution, require the foreign vessels exercising the right of innocent passage through its territorial sea to observe designated sea lanes or traffic separation schemes. The designated sea lanes or traffic separation schemes prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be established and duly promulgated by the Executive Yuan. Article 13 In the part of the Taiwan Straits not part of the territorial sea of the Republic of China used for international navigation, the Government of the Republic of China may enact laws and regulations relating to transit passage of foreign vessels and aircraft, in respect of all or any of the followings: 1. The maintenance of navigation safety and the regulation of maritime traffic; 2. The prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the environment; 3. The prohibition of fishing; 4. The prevention and punishment of loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person in contravention of the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the Republic of China. The laws and regulations relating to transit passage prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be duly promulgated by the Executive Yuan.

Article 14 The contiguous zone of the Republic of China is the sea area contiguous to the outer limits of its territorial sea and to a distance of twentyfour nautical miles measured from the baseline. The outer limits of the contiguous zone shall be decided by the Executive Yuan and may be promulgated in parts. Article 15 The Government of the Republic of China may enact laws and regulations in its contiguous zone for the following purposes: 1. To prevent infringement of customs, fiscal, trade, inspection, immigration, sanitation or environmental protection laws and regulations within territory and territorial sea, and unauthorized broadcasting; and 2. To punish infringement of customs, fiscal, trade, inspection, immigration, sanitation or environmental protection laws and regulations within the territory and territorial sea, and unauthorized broadcasting. The Government of the Republic of China may enact laws and regulations to prevent and punish unauthorized broadcasting engaged on the high seas or other sea areas beyond its territorial sea and contiguous zone. The laws and regulations prescribed in the aforementioned two paragraphs shall be promulgated by the Executive Yuan. Article 16 All objects of a historical nature or relics found in the territorial sea and the contiguous zone of the Republic of China, while undertaking archaeological and scientific research, or other activities, shall belong to the Republic of China and be administered by the Government in accordance with related laws and regulations.

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Article 17 If the authorities of national defense, police, customs or other authorized agencies of the Republic of China consider that a person or an object which is in the territorial sea of the Republic of China or the contiguous zone is engaged in any activity violating laws and regulations of the Republic of China, such authorities may engage in hot pursuit, boarding, inspection, and when necessary, detaining, arresting, or putting in custody such persons or objects. The authorities prescribed in the preceding paragraph may replace each other consecutively in undertaking hot pursuit, boarding, and inspection. The following are extracts from the Territorial Waters Bill of January 1998, as published in the Notice to Mariners No. 19 of March 1999. TABLE C1.T253. TAIWAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM TAIWAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM AREA POINT POINT NAME LATITUDE NORTH 2500.60 2528.80 2529.00 2537.50 2537.80 2517.70 2504.20 2500.55 2347.20 2324.80 2324.00 2319.50 2312.00 2219.10 2145.45 2156.70 2157.00 2241.00 2329.20 2428.70 2435.90 2449.90 2046.16 2044.16 11645.45 11642.13 D2 D3 normal straight normal LONGITUDE EAST 12200.00 12205.80 12205.80 12204.50 12203.90 12130.40 12105.40 12100.65 11932.00 11918.70 11918.20 11918.80 11924.40 12020.90 12048.90 12136.10 12137.10 12131.00 12130.53 12151.10 12153.70 12157.30 CONNECTS TO POINT T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T20 T21 T22 T1 TYPE OF BASELINE straight normal straight normal straight straight straight straight straight normal straight straight straight straight straight normal straight straight straight straight straight straight

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 Taiwan And Its Appurtenant Islands T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T20 T21 T22 D1 Dungsha Chiundau D2

Sandiaujiau Mianhuayu 1 Mianhuayu 2 Pengjiayu 1 Pengjiayu 2 Linsanbi Dajiueshi Danioulanshian Wuenggungshi Huayu 1 Huayu 2 Mauyu Chimeiyu Liouchiouyu Chishingyian Shiaulanyu 1 Shiaulanyu 2 Feiyian Shtibi Wushbi Midau Gueitouan Diauyutai Lieyu (Diauyutai Islands) Shibeigiau Dungshabeijiau

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TAIWAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM AREA POINT POINT NAME LATITUDE NORTH 2041.92 2035.78 normal LONGITUDE EAST 11641.30 11644.80 CONNECTS TO POINT D4 D1 TYPE OF BASELINE straight normal

(Pratas Islands)

D3 D4

Dungshananjiau Shinanjiau Huangyiandau

Jungsha Chiundau (Macclesfield Bank) Nansha Chiundau (Spratley Islands)

All islands and atolls of the Nansha Chiundau surrounded by the Chinese traditional U-shape lines are the territory of the Republic of China. The delimination of the baselines in this region shall be determined by a combination of straight baselines and normal baselines. The related information concerning names of the base points, their co-ordinates, and charts shall be promulgated in the future.

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TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF

EEZ and continental shelf boundary agreement with Seychelles. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration. Sep 85 Oct 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement.

Jan 2002

Agreement

Jun 98 Ratified Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS TANZANIA - KENYA The following excerpts from an agreement via exchange of notes between Tanzania and Kenya, EIF July 1976, are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 92, "Maritime Boundary: Kenya-Tanzania" of 23 June 1981. 1. The Boundary: Base Lines: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Ras Jimbo beacon-Kisite Island (rock) Ras Jimbo-Mwamba-wamba beacon Mwamba-wamba beacon-fundo Island beacon (rock) Fundo Island beacon (rock)-Ras Kigomasha lighthouse Kisite Island (rock)-mpunguti ya Juu-lighthouse

2. The description of the boundary:

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(a) On the West: The median line between the Ras Jimbo beacon-Kisite Island/Ras Jimbo-Mwamba-wamba beacon base lines to a point 12 nm from Ras Jimbo up to a point hereinafter referred to as 'A', located at 4 49'56"S and 39 20'58"E; (b) On the East: The median line derived by the intersection of two arcs each being 12 nm drawn from mpunguti ya Juu-lighthouse and Ras Kigomasha lighthouse respectively hereinafter referred to as point 'B', located at 4 40'52"S and 39 36'18"E; (c) On the South: An arc with the centre as the Northern Intersection of arcs with radii 6 nm from point 'A' as described in paragraph 2(a) above and point 'B' which is the Southern Intersection of arcs from Ras Kigomahsa lighthouse and mpunguti ya Juu lighthouse. (d) The eastward boundary from Point C, which is the Northern Intersection of arcs from Ras Kigomahsa lighthouse and Mpunguti ya Juu lighthouse as described under paragraph 2(b) above, shall be the latitude extending eastwards [sic] to a point where it intersects the outermost limits of territorial water boundary areas of national jurisdiction of two States. (e) The marine charts of 1:250,000 describing the coordinates of the above points shall form and integral part of this agreement. TANZANIA - MOZAMBIQUE The following is extracted from the Maritime Boundary Agreement between Tanzania and Mozambique, EIF July 1993. Article 2 Maritime Boundary Internal waters: The outer limit of the internal waters of the two countries is delimited by means of a straight line drawn across the mouth of the Ruvuma Bay from Ras Matunda, located at latitude 10 21' 32" S and longitude 40 27' 35" to Cabo Suafo, located at latitude 10 28' 14" and longitude 40 31' 33" E. All waters on the landward side of this line constitute the internal waters of the two countries. The internal waters are apportioned by means of a straight line drawn across the Ruvuma Bay from a point hereinafter referred to as point "B", located at latitude 10 24' 53" S and longitude 40 29' 34" E which is the mid-point of the line demarcating the outer limit of such waters, that is to say between Tas Matunda and Cabo Suafo to point "A", the mid-point of the line drawn across the mouth of the Ruvuma River between Ras Mwambo and Ras Ruvuma. The waters bounded by points "A", "B" and Ras Matunda belong to the United Republic of Tanzania and the waters bounded by points "A", "B" and Cabo Suafo belong to the People's Republic of Mozambique. Article 3 Territorial Sea The territorial sea boundary line between the two countries is delimited by application of the equidistance method of drawing a median straight line from point "B" to a point 12 nautical miles, located at latitude 10 18' 46" S and longitude 40 40' 07" E, hereinafter referred to as point "C". Article 4 Exclusive Economic Zone The delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone between the two countries is delimited in conformity with the equidistance method by prolonging the median straight line used for the delimitation of the territorial sea from point "C" to a point 25.5 nautical miles, located at latitude 10 05' 29" S and longitude 41 02' 01" E, hereinafter referred to as point "D". From this point, the Exclusive Economic Zone is delimited by application of the principle of equity, by a line running due east along the parallel of point "D". The point of termination of this line will be established through exchange of notes between the United Republic of Tanzania and the People's Republic of Mozambique at a future date. Article 5 Description of Maritime Boundary The description of the maritime boundary line and the points through which it passes is as follows: This line commences at the mouth of the Ruvuma River from point "A", located at latitude 10 28' 04" S and longitude 40 26' 19" E, that is to say, the midpoint of the straight line drawn between Ras Mwambo located at latitude 10 27' 48" S and longitude 40 25' 50" E and Ras Ruvuma, located at latitude 10 28' 21" S and longitude 40 26' 48" E, and from point "A" the line runs across the Ruvuma Bay in a north easterly direction in a straight line to point "B", located at latitude 10 24' 53" S and longitude 40 29' 34" E, that is to say, the midpoint of the base line demarcating the out limit of the internal waters between Ras Matunda, located at latitude 10 21' 32" S and longitude 40 27' 35" E and Cabo Suafo, located at latitude 10 28' 14" S and longitude 40 31' 33" E. From point "B" the boundary line follows the median straight line derived by application of the equidistance method between Ras Matunda, located at latitude 10 21' 32" S and longitude 40 27' 35" E

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and Cabo Suafo, located at latitude 10 28' 14" S and longitude 40 31' 33" E and runs in a northeasterly direction in a straight line to point "C", located at latitude 10 18' 46" S and longitude 40 40' 07" E. From there it follows the same median line as far as point "D" located at latitude 10 05' 29" S and longitude 40 02' 01" E. Thence it runs due east along the parallel of point "D" to a point established pursuant to article IV. TANZANIA - SEYCHELLES The following is extracted from the EEZ and Continental Shelf Boundary Agreement between Tanzania and Seychelles, of 23 January 2002. Article 1 The delimitation line between the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of the United Republic of Tanzania (Mafia Island) and the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of the Republic of Seychelles (Aldabra Atoll-Picard Island) will be based on the equidistance, considered in this particular case as an equitable solution, in conformity with international law. This line has been determined by using the nearest baselines from which the territorial sea of each state is measured. Article 2 The line referred tois formed by a series of geodesics connecting in the order stated in the points below, as defined by their geographic coordinates: TABLE C1.T254. TANZANIA - SEYCHELLES EEZ AND CONTINENAL SHELF LATITUDE 7 44' 39.1003" S 7 46' 26.6364" S 7 48' 14.1717" S 7 50' 01.7063" S 7 51' 49.2402" S 7 53' 36.7733" S 7 55' 24.3056" S 7 57' 11.8372" S 7 58' 59.3681" S 8 00' 46.8981" S LONGITUDE 43 16' 13.8933" E 43 15' 43.8788" E 43 15' 13.8601" E 43 14' 43.8372" E 43 14' 13.8099" E 43 13' 43.7784" E 43 13' 13.7426" E 43 12' 43.7024" E 43 12' 13.6578" E 43 11' 43.6089" E

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THAILAND
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Oct 66 Royal Proclamation 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Sep 59 Decree Historic bay claimed for the inner Gulf of STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Thailand along 1235'45"N latitude. HISTORIC CLAIMS Jun 70 Prime Minister's Straight baselines/internal waters Announcement specified. See LIS No. 31. Aug 92 Prime Minister's Announcement Amended three baselines from 1970 and establishes additional straight baselines.

U.S. protested these baselines as excessive in 2000. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Aug 95 Royal Proclamation 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF May 73 Royal Proclamation _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Feb 81 Royal Proclamation 200nm Feb 88 Proclamation Provided specific coordinates for EEZ boundary with Malaysia in Gulf of Thailand.

Provided specific coordinates for EEZ in Andaman Sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 71 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Indonesia (Strait of Malacca and Andaman Sea) signed. Jul 73 & Dec 78 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Indonesia and Malaysia (Strait of Malacca), established common point of maritime boundaries EIF (signed 21 Dec 71). See LIS No. 93. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Indonesia (Andaman Sea) EIF (signed 11 Dec 75). See LIS No. 93. Continental shelf boundary agreement with India (Andaman Sea) EIF (signed 22 Jun 78). See LIS No. 93. Tripoint agreement with India and Indonesia (Andaman Sea) EIF (signed 22 Jun 78). See LIS No. 93. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Malaysia (Gulf of Thailand) signed; EIF Jul 82. See LIS No. 81. Territorial sea boundary agreement with Malaysia (Straits of Malacca, Gulf of Thailand) signed. See LIS No. 102.

Jul 88

Proclamation

Feb 78

Agreement

Dec 78

Agreement

Mar 79

Agreement

Oct 79

Memorandum of Understanding

Oct 79

Agreement

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MARITIME BOUNDARIES, Continued Jul 80 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Burma (Myanmar) (Andaman Sea) signed. Tripoint agreement with India and Burma in the Andaman Sea signed.

Oct 93

Agreement

Maritime boundary agreement with Vietnam (Gulf of Thailand) signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention; never ratified. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following system of straight baselines is extracted from the Announcement of the Prime Minister of Thailand of 12 June 1970, as amended by Announcements in August 1992. TABLE C1.T255. THAILAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: AREAS 1-4 THAILAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT POINT NAME AREA NO. 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LAEM LING KO CHANG NOI HIN RAP HIN LUK BAT KO RANG HIN BANG BAO KO KUT THAI CAMBODIA BOBOUNDARY POST AREA NO. 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 LAEM YAI KO RAN KHAI KO RAN PET KO KHAI KO CHORAKHE HIN LAK NGAM KO TAO HIN BAI KO KONG THANSADET KO PHANGAN KO KONG OK KO MAT LANG 10 53.7' 10 47.8' 10 46.5' 10 41.8' 10 33.6' 10 30.0' 10 07.5' 09 56.6' 09 45.8' 09 44.0' 09 36.1' 09 32.0' 99 31.4' 99 32.6' 99 32.2' 99 24.8' 99 25.2' 99 25.6' 99 50.7' 99 59.7' 100 04.7' 100 05.2' 100 05.8' 100 05.3' 12 12.3' 12 09.6' 12 03.1' 11 56.7' 11 46.6' 11 35.8' 11 33.6' 102 16.7' 102 14.9' 102 14.5' 102 17.2' 102 23.2' 102 32.0' 102 35.7' COORDINATE COORDINATE

Aug 97

Agreement

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THAILAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 13 14 15 16 KO SAMUI HIN ANG WANG KO RAP LAEM NA THAM AREA NO. 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 KO PHUKET KO KAEO NOI KO HI KO MAI THON KO KAI KO BIDA NOK KO MA KO LANTA YAI KO NGAI KO KRADAN KO KHWANG KO BENG HIN BAEWA KO TULUI YAI KO TA DAI KO AYAM HIN OSBON KO TARUTAO HIN BAI KO KOI YAI KO LIMA KO KHUNING KO PRASMANA THAI-MALAYSIA BOUNDARY AREA NO. 4 POINT 1 2 3 Ko Kong Ok Ko Kra Ko Losin POINT NAME COORDINATE 936'06" 823'49" 719'54" COORDINATE 10005'48" 10044'13" 10159'54" 07 46.5' 07 43.9' 07 44.0' 07 44.9' 07 44.6' 07 39.2' 07 36.6' 07 27.8' 07 23.8' 07 17.7' 07 13.3' 07 04.3' 07 03.7' 07 00.9' 06 58.8' 06 47.6 06 38.8' 06 30.2' 06 30.0' 06 33.9' 06 32.2' 06 26.7' 06 25.4' 98 17.5' 98 18.0' 98 21.7' 98 28.7' 98 37.1' 98 46.2' 98 52.1' 99 06.0' 99 12.1' 99 15.4' 99 21.7' 99 23.7' 99 24.0' 99 26.8' 99 28.7' 99 30.1' 99 32.5' 99 39.1' 99 42.1' 99 50.7' 99 57.4' 100 03.7' 100 05.2' POINT NAME COORDINATE 09 28.3' 09 23.4' 09 17.9' 09 12.4' COORDINATE 100 04.7' 100 01.8' 99 57.8' 99 53.2'

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THAILAND STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 4 U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding Thailand's straight baseline system are extracted from the U.S. demarche protesting Thailand's Excessive Maritime Claims, dated 24 Aug 2000. (See also Limits in the Seas, No. 31, "Straight Baselines: Thailand," 24 March 1971.) [A]fter analyzing the four areas of straight baselines established by the government of Thailands 1970 and 1992 announcements, the U.S. has concluded that two of the areas do not meet the international legal criteria The U.S. believes that the straight baselines claimed in Area 1, which is situated along Thailands southeast coast in the northeast part of the Gulf of Thailand near the Cambodia-Thailand land boundary, meet the international criteria. The straight baselines enclose Ko Chang and Ko Kut islands and numerous smaller islands, and the water depths landward of the island are relatively shallow. The seven straight baseline segments range in length from 3.2 to 20 miles. One baseline diverts from the general direction of the coast, but serves to bring the straight baseline system back to the coast. None of the islands is more than 24 miles from the coast and the island system can be considered as fringing the mainland coast. Thus, the straight baselines in Area 1 meet the geographic criteria in international law. Similarly, the U.S. believes that the baselines in Area 3, which is a 125-mile stretch of coastline facing the northern entrance to the Strait of Malacca, also meet the international criteria. Area 2 is in the western Gulf of Thailand. In this approximately 100-mile stretch, the coastline is relatively smooth with slight indentations and a sprinkle of offshore islets and rocks. At its southern extent, the coast creates an L shape with several medium sized islands. On in this area might a few straight baseline segments be valid. The first five segments in Area 2 are connected to rocks and small islets and not a fringe of islands. Segment 6-7 is over 33 miles long and connects a small island to Ko Tao, a small island about 40 miles from the mainland. From Ko Tao, straight baselines are drawn to Hin Bao, a small islet also about 40 miles from the coast and then to Ko Phangan and to Ko Samui. In total, the U.S. believes that the government of Thailand has claimed about 3,000 square nautical miles in Area 2 as internal waters that should, under international law, have the legal status as either high seas, exclusive economic zone or territorial sea. Area 4 is a continuation of Area 2s baselines in the southwestern part of the Gulf of Thailand. Along this 230-mile stretch, Thailands coastline is not deeply indented nor are there a fringe of islands in the immediate vicinity. The baseline segments range from 65.3 miles to close to 100 miles and only a few small islets situated between 20 and 30 miles from the coast serve as base points. In total, in Area 4, the U.S. believes that the government of Thailand has claimed as internal waters an area approximately 8,400 square nautical miles that should properly have the legal status of either territorial seas, exclusive economic zone or high seas. HISTORIC WATERS LEGISLATION Regarding the historic bay claim in the Bight of Thailand, an extract from the Decree of 1959 follows. The Council of Ministers deems it proper to give notification reaffirming that the Bight of Thailand north of a base line from a point on Cape Ban Chong Samaeh San, latitude 12 degrees-35 minutes-45 seconds North, longitude 100 degrees-57 minutes-45 seconds East running West parallel to the latitude to a second point on the opposite seacoast, latitude 12 degrees-35 minutes-45 seconds North, longitude 99 degrees-57 minutes-30 seconds East is the historical gulf and that the waters to the north of the said base line are territorial waters of Thailand. Thailand has so held since time immemorial. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS THAILAND MALAYSIA The following is extracted from the Treaty between Thailand and Malaysia relating to the Delimitation of the Territorial Seas of the Two Countries, 24 October 1979. Article 1 1. The boundary of the Thai and the Malaysian territorial seas in that part of the Straits of Malacca between the islands known as the Butang Group and Pulau Langkawi where overlapping occurs shall be formed by the straight lines drawn from the point situated in midchannel between Bulau Terutau and Pulau Langkawi referred to in the Boundary Protocol annexed to the Treaty dated March 10, 1909, respecting the boundaries of the Kingdom of Thailand and Malaysia, whose coordinates are hereby agreed to be Latitude 6 28.5 N, Longitude 99 39.2 E, in a northwesterly direction to a point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 30.2 N, Longitude 99 33.4 E and from there POINT NAME Thai-Malaysian Boundary COORDINATE 614'30" COORDINATE 10205'36"

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in a southwesterly direction to a point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 28.9 N, Longitude 99 30.7 E and from there in a southwesterly direction again to the point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 18.4 N, Longitude 99 27.5E. 2. The outer limit of the territorial seas of the islands known as the Butang Group to the south of the said islands shall be formed by the boundary lines joining the points whose coordinates are Latitude 6 18.4 N, Longitude 99 27.5 E referred to in paragraph (1) above and from there to the point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 16.3 N, Longitude 99 19.3 E and from there to the point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 18.0 N, and Longitude 99 06.7 E. 3. The coordinates of the points specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) are geographical coordinates derived from the British Admiralty Charts No. 793 and No. 830 Article 2 1. The boundary of the Thai and the Malaysian territorial seas in the Gulf of Thailand shall be formed by the straight line drawn from a point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 14.5 N, Longitude 102 05.6 E, to a point whose coordinates are Latitude 6 27.5 N, Longitude 102 10.0 E. 2. The coordinates of the points specified in paragraph (1) are geographical coordinates derived from the British Admiralty Chart No. 3961 THAILAND - BURMA - INDIA The following is extracted from the Agreement between Thailand, Burma, and India on the Determination of the Trijunction Point between the three countries in the Andaman Sea, signed 27 October 1993. The trijunction point between Myanmar [Burma], India and Thailand in the Andaman Sea, which is equidistant from the nearest points of Myanmar, India and Thailand respectively, shall be the point which is to be called point T and defined by latitude and longitude as follows: Point T: Latitude 09 38 00 North, Longitude 95 35 25 East. THAILAND - VIETNAM The following is extracted from the Agreement between Thailand and Vietnam on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Thailand, signed 9 August 1997. Article 1 1. The maritime boundary between the Kingdom of Thailand and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the relevant part of their overlapping continental shelf claims in the Gulf of Thailand is a straight line drawn from Point C to Point K defined by latitude and longitude as follows: Point C: Latitude N 07 degrees 48' 00".0000 Longitude E 103 degrees 02' 30".0000 Point K: Latitude N 08 degrees 46' 54". 7754 Longitude E 102 degrees 12' 11".6542 2. Point C is the northernmost point of the Joint Development Area established by the Memorandum of Understanding between the Kingdom of Thailand and Malaysia on the Establishment of a Joint Authority for the Exploitation of the Resources of the Sea-Bed in a Defined Area of the Continental Shelf of the Two Countries in the Gulf of Thailand, done at Chiangmai on 21 February 1979, and which coincides with Point 43 of Malaysia's continental shelf claim advanced in 1979. 3. Point K is a point situated on the maritime boundary between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Kingdom of Cambodia which is the straight line equidistant from Tho Chu Islands and Poulo Wai drawn from Point 0 Latitude N 09 degrees 35'00".4159 and Longitude E 105 degrees 10'15".9805. 4. The coordinates of the points specified in the above paragraphs are geographical coordinates derived from the British Admiralty Chart No. 2414 which is attached as an Annex to this Agreement. The geodetic and computational bases used are the Ellipsoid Everest-1830Indian Datum. 5. The maritime boundary referred to in Paragraph 1 above shall constitute the boundary between the continental shelf of the Kingdom of Thailand and the continental shelf of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, and shall also constitute the boundary between the exclusive economic zone of the Kingdom of Thailand and the exclusive economic zone of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 6. The actual location of the above Points C and K at sea and of the straight line connecting them shall, at the request of either Government, be determined by a method to be mutually agreed upon by the hydrographic experts authorized for this purpose by the two Governments.

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TOGO
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 77 Ordinance No. 24 30nm This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1984. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Aug 77 Ordinance No. 24 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Apr 85 Aug 94 Ratified Convention. Signed Part XI Agreement.

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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TONGA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jun 79 Act No. 30, Territorial Sea 12nm and EEZ Act, amended by Act No. 19 of 1989 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jun 79 Act No. 30, Territorial Sea Establishes baselines STRAIGHT BASELINES, & and EEZ Act, amended by HISTORIC CLAIMS Act No. 19 of 1989 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 70 Continental Shelf Act, No. 6 Became party to the 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jun 79 Act No. 30, Territorial Sea 200nm EEZ and fishing zone and EEZ Act, amended by Act No. 19 of 1989 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jan 80 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with France (Wallis & Futuna Islands) EIF on signature. Delimitation of EEZ is median line or line of equidistance from the baselines of the territorial sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Aug 95 Acceded to Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BASELINE LEGISLATION The following are excerpts from Act No. 30, the Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone Act of 1978, as amended by Act No. 19 of 1989. 5. (1) Except as otherwise provided in section 6 of this Act, the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea of Tonga is measured shall be: a. In the case of islands situated on atolls or of islands having fringing reefs, the low-water mark along the seaward edge of the reef; b. In the case of islands not situated on atolls or of islands not having fringing reefs, the low-water mark along the coast of those islands. (2) For the purposes of this section, a low-tide elevation that lies wholly or partly within the breadth of sea that would be territorial sea if all low-tide elevations were disregarded for the purpose of the measurement of the breadth of the territorial sea shall be treated as an island. 6. In the case of the sea adjacent to a bay, the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured: a. Where the bay has only one mouth and the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of the bay does not exceed 24 nm, shall be a straight line joining those low-water marks; and b. Where, because of the presence of islands, the bay has more than one mouth and the distances between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of each mouth added together do not exceed 24 nm, shall be a series of straight lines across each of the mouths so as to join those low-water marks; and c. Where neither paragraph 1 nor paragraph b of this section apply, shall be a straight line 24 nm in length drawn from low-water mark to low-water mark within the bay in such a manner as to enclose the maximum area of water that is possible with a line of that length. Jun 71

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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Jul 95 Bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is taken from the Archipelagic Baselines of Trinidad and Tobago Order, Notice No. 206 of 31 October 1988, as corrected by Legal Notice No. 77 on 5 April 1989. TABLE C1.T256. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 East Rock Casa Cruz Rock Alcatras Rock Icacos Point Black Rock Cabresse Point Cabresse Island NAME LATITUDE 10 08 12 N 10 04 22 N 10 04 19 N 10 02 28 N 10 03 27 N 10 41 47 N 10 41 58 N LONGITUDE 60 59 02 W 61 09 45 W 61 13 28 W 61 54 30 W 62 01 33 W 61 45 36 W 61 45 25 W

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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 8 9 10 11 NAME Sisters Island Marble Island St. Giles Island Little Tobago LATITUDE 11 19 57 N 11 21 39 N 11 21 28 N 11 17 39 N LONGITUDE 60 38 42 W 60 31 37 W 60 30 52 W 60 29 40 W

MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS TRINIDAD & TOBAGO - VENEZUELA The following is extracted from the Treaty between Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela on the Delimitation of Marine and Submarine Areas, (signed 18 April 1990, EIF July 1991). Article 1 The maritime boundary between the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and the Republic of Venezuela referred to in this Treaty is the maritime boundary with respect to the territorial seas, the Continental Shelves and the Exclusive Economic Zones and to any other marine and submarine areas which have been or might be established by the Contracting Parties in accordance with International Law. Article 2 The delimitation lines with respect to the marine and submarine areas in the Caribbean, the Gulf of Paria, the Serpent's Mouth and the Atlantic Ocean are geodesics connecting the following geographical coordinates: TABLE C1.T257. TRINIDAD & TOBAGO - VENEZUELA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 LATITUDE NORTH 11 10' 30" 10 54' 40" 10 54' 15" 10 48' 41" 10 47' 38" 10 42' 52" 10 35' 20" 10 35' 19" 10 02' 46" 10 00' 29" 09 59' 12" 09 59' 12" 09 58' 12" 09 52' 33" 09 50' 55" 09 49' 55" 09 53' 26" LONGITUDE WEST 61 43' 46" 61 43' 46" 61 43' 52" 61 45' 47" 61 46' 17" 61 48' 10" 61 48' 10" 61 51' 45" 62 04' 59" 61 58' 25" 61 51' 18" 61 37' 50" 61 30' 00" 61 13' 24" 60 53' 27" 60 39' 51" 60 16' 02"

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POINT 18 19 20 21 LATITUDE NORTH 09 57' 17" 09 58' 11" 10 09' 59" 10 16' 01" LONGITUDE WEST 59 59' 16" 59 55' 21" 58 49' 12" 58 49' 12"

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TUNISIA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 73 Law 73-49 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Aug 73 Law 73-49 Mandated straight baselines closing Gulf STRAIGHT BASELINES, & of Tunis and Gulf of Gabes to be drawn to HISTORIC CLAIMS Chebba Shoals and Kerkennah Islands. Nov 73 Decree Established straight baseline coordinates. (Chartlet available on line at UNs LOS website. See Foreword for website information.)

The U.S. does not recognize these baselines and protested them in 1989 and 1991. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 51 Decree 3nm Exclusive fishing zone; extended to 50 meter isobath in Gulf of Gabes. Fishing zone from Algerian border to RasKapoudia; from Ras Kapoudia to Libyan border, the 50 meter isobath. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 78 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Italy. Feb 82 Apr 89 ICJ Judgment Agreement Boundary with Libya determined. Agreement implementing Libya boundary decision EIF. Oct 62 Law 62-35 12nm

Feb 2002 Agreement Provision line of delimitation with Algeria. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Apr 85 May 95 Ratified Convention, with Declarations. Signed Part XI Agreement.

May 2002 Ratified Part XI Agreement. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is from Decree No. 73-527 of 3 November 1973. Article 1 The baselines from which the breadth of the Tunisian Territorial sea is measured shall run from the frontier between Tunisia and Algeria to the frontier between Tunisia and Libya and around the islands, the low-tide elevations of Chebba and the Kerkennah Islands, enclosing the permanent fishing grounds, and the low-tide elevations of El Bibane, and shall follow the low-water mark, the straight baselines drawn towards the low-tide elevations and the straight closing lines of the gulfs of Tunis and Gabes. The baselines shall consist of: 1. The low-water mark from the frontier between Tunisia and Algeria to Cap Sidi Ali El Mekki; 2. The low-water mark of the reefs of the Sorelles, Galiton de la Galite, Galitons de lEst, and the Fratelli, Cani, and Pilau islands;

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3. The closing line of the Gulf of Tunis made up of the baselines joining Cap Sidi Ali Mekki, Plane island, the northern point of Zembia island and Cap-Bon; 4. The low-water mark from Cap-Bon to Ras Kapudia; 5. The low-water mark of the Kuriates islands; 6. The straight baselines enclosing the permanent fishing grounds of Chebba and the Kerkennah islands and marked out by Tas Kapudia and the following buoys: TABLE C1.T258. TUNISIA ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM TUNISIA ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM POINT A B C D E F G H I J K NAME Chebba No. 1 Maruka El Barani El Mzebla Sakib Hamida No. 1 Sakib Hamida No. 2 Oued Bou Zrara No. 1 Oued Bou Zrara No. 2 Oued Mimoun No. 4 Oued Saadoun Samoum LATITUDE 35 08 40 N 35 01 20 N 34 55 21 N 34 51 27 N 34 45 17 N 34 43 48 N 34 42 36 N 34 41 22 N 34 40 25 N 34 39 10 N 34 34 54 N LONGITUDE 11 12 43 E 11 29 11 E 11 33 09 E 11 38 14 E 11 33 58 E 11 33 23 E 11 29 93 E 11 26 42 E 11 19 40 E 11 14 14 E 11 03 38 E

7. The straight closing line of the Gulf of Gabes joining the Samoum buoy defined above and Ras Turgueness; 8. The low-water mark from Ras Turgueness to the point of Sidi Garus; 9. The straight baseline joining the point of Sidi Garus to Ras Marmor; 10. The low-water mark from Ras Marmor to the frontier between Tunisia and Libya; 11. The low-water mark from the low-tide elevations of El Bibane. U.S. ANALYSIS The following is extracted from the 1989 protest demarche from the U.S. State Department. A closing line of not more than 24 nm in length may be used to close a juridical bay or gulf and the water area of the resultant bay must be greater than that of a semicircle whose diameter is the length of the line drawn across the mouth of the bay or gulf. The Gulf of Tunis and Gulf of Gabes closing lines do not meet the 24 nm test. The following is taken from the 1991 protest demarche from the U.S. State Department. The Bay of Tunis is an overlarge bay. However, paragraph 3 of Article 1 of the Tunisian decree closes this body of water using three segments totaling almost 37 nm. The Gulf of Gabes is also an overlarge bay, whose mouth from the shore near Mahares to the northwest coast of Djerba Island is over 30 nm wide. The straight baseline prescribed in paragraph 7 of article 1 of the Tunisian decree exceeds the permissible length of a bay closing line. Closing lines, not exceeding 24 nm, could be delimited in both the Bay of Tunis and the Gulf of Gabes.

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The U.S. notes that, while the government of Tunisia has claimed straight baselines for that part of the coast of Tunisia from Ras Kapudia to the Samoun beacon mark, that locality is not deeply indented and cut into, and that the Kerkennah Islands do not constitute a fringe of islands in the immediate vicinity of the coast. Further, the geographic coordinates for the base points set out in paragraph 6 of article 1 of the Tunisian decree are located on beacon marks at sea or on low tide elevations and are not located on land. International law does not permit the use of beacon marks as base points. The U.S. also notes that, while the coastline between Sidi Garus and Ras Marmor is indented, it is neither deeply indented nor indented sufficiently to qualify as a juridical bay. Consequently, international law does not permit the drawing of the straight baseline described in paragraph 9 of article 1.... MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS TUNISIA - ALGERIA The following is extracted from the Agreement on Provisional Arrangements for the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundaries between Tunisia and Algeria, signed 11 February 2002. Article 1 The provision line of delimitation marking the maritime boundaries between the two countries shall consist of two segments connecting points P1, P2, P3 and P4, defined as follows: Point P1 designates marker No. 001 of the Tunisian-Algerian land boundary; Point P2 designates the point situated 4 nautical miles west of the Sorelles rocks; Point P3 designates the point of intersection of the line connecting points P1 and P2 with the line situated 52 nautical miles away delimiting in the north the Algerian exclusive fishing zone and measured from the Algerian baselines; Point P4 is the point with the following coordinates: 38 00 Latitude North; 007 50 Longitude East of Greenwich. TUNISIA - ITALY The following chart plotting the maritime boundary between Italy and Tunisia is extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 89, "Continental Shelf Boundary: Italy-Tunisia" of 7 January 1980. (The coordinates are from the December 1978 Annex to the 20 August 1971 Agreement between Tunisia and Italy concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between the two Countries.) List of Points Constituting the Median Line and Envelope Sections Defined in Articles I and II of the Agreement: TABLE C1.T259. TUNISIA - ITALY CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES TUNISIA - ITALY CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES POINTS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 LATITUDE NORTH 38 00.6' 38 04.9' 38 07.8' 38 10.5' 38 13.1' 38 15.0' 38 13.5' 38 14.5' 38 24.6' 38 03.5' 37 47.4' LONGITUDE EAST 07 49.0' 08 09.6' 08 22.3' 08 32.5' 08 48.8' 09 33.8' 09 40.4' 09 54.2' 10 41.7' 10 52.7' 11 10.3'

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TUNISIA - ITALY CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES POINTS 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 LATITUDE NORTH 37 41.2' 37 24.5' 37 22.4' 37 20.6' 37 14.2' 37 08.4' 37 03.8' LONGITUDE EAST 11 09.0' 11 42.0' 11 45.5' 11 48.2' 11 52.7' 11 56.8' 12 00.9'

18A 19

The line of delimitation between points 18 and 19 is constituted by the west arc of the envelope of circles having the low-water line of Pantelleria as center and a radius of 13 miles. 20 21 22 23 24 25 36 35.0' 36 23.0' 36 21.7' 36 15.2' 36 08.7' 12 21.2' 12 29.4' 12 30.2' 12 32.4' 12 38.1'

25A 26

The line of delimitation between points 25 and 26 is constituted by the north arc of the envelope of circles having the low-water line of Linosa as centers and a radius of 13 miles.

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TUNISIA - ITALY CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES POINTS 27 LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST

The line of delimitation between points 26 and 27 is constituted by the north arc of the envelope of circles having the low-water line of Lampedusa as centers and a radius of 13 miles. 28 South intersection of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Lampione as centers and a radius of 12 miles and of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Lampedusa as centers and a radius of 13 miles.

The line of delimitation between points 27 and 28 is constituted by the west arc of envelope of circles having the low-water line of Lampione as centers and a radius of 12 miles. 29 South intersection of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Lampedusa as centers and a radius of 13 miles and of the envelope line of circles having the low-water line of Linosa as centers and a radius of 13 miles.

The line of delimitation between points 28 and 29 is constituted by the south arc of envelope of circles having the low-water line of Lampedusa as centers and a radius of 13 miles. 30A 30 35 46.5' 13 01.7'

31 32

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Article 1 The continental shelf delimitation line between the two countries consists of two sectors as follows: A. The First Sector. Starts from the point where the outer limit of the territorial sea of the two countries is intersected by a straight line drawn from the land frontier point of Ras Ajdir, through the point 33 55' North and 12 East seaward, forming a bearing of approximately 26 east, thus on the same bearing, to the point of its intersection with the parallel of latitude 34 10' 30". B. The Second Sector. At the point determined by the parallel latitude mentioned above (34 10' 30") the line of delimitation is to veer towards the northeast, with a bearing of 52 and extends northeastwards till it meets a line of delimitation with third States.

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TURKEY
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA May 82 Law No. 2674 & Decree 6-12nm 6nm in Aegean Sea; 12nm in Black & No. 8/4742 Mediterranean Seas; division between Mediterranean and Aegean Seas apparently at 29 05' E. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, May 64 Law No. 476 Established straight baselines. See LIS STRAIGHT BASELINES, & No. 32. HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Dec 86; Decree of Council of 200nm Declared economic zone in the Black Sea Feb 87 Ministers No. 86/11264 only; noted that delineation agreements with other Black Sea countries will be necessary. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Apr 73 Agreement Territorial sea boundary (Black Sea) agreement with former USSR (Georgia) signed; ratified by Turkey May 82, by USSR Jan 74. A Protocol delimiting this boundary was signed Sep 83. See LIS Nos. 59 and 109. Jun 78 Agreement Continental shelf boundary (Black Sea) agreement with the former USSR (Georgia, Russian Federation and Ukraine) signed; EIF May 81. See LIS No. 109. Turkey and USSR (Georgia, Russian Federation and Ukraine) agree to use the continental shelf boundary as the boundary for the EEZ. Boundary agreement and delimitation of maritime areas with Bulgaria in the Black Sea. Maritime boundary agreement with Georgia in the Black Sea (to confirm the validity of the treaties with the former USSR).

Feb 87

Exchange of Notes

May 92

Agreement

Jul 97

Agreement

Maritime boundary agreement with Bulgaria in the Black Sea. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Apr 82 Voted against; did not sign. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION The following is extracted from Law No. 476 of 15 May 1964 establishing the Turkish straight baseline system. Article 1 Turkish territorial waters constitute an integral part of the Turkish territory. The width of the Turkish territorial waters is six nautical miles [now 12 nm in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea]. In the application of this present law, the nautical mile equals 1,852 meters. Article 2 Against States claiming wider territorial waters, the width of Turkish territorial waters is determined on the basis of reciprocity.

Dec 97

Agreement

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Article 3 In the case of a State adjoining the territory of Turkey and whose distance from the Turkish coast is less than the sum of the widths of their respective territorial waters, the median line does constitute the outer boundary of the Turkish territorial waters, unless otherwise agreed upon. Article 4 The normal base line from which the width of the territorial waters is measured, is the lowest ebb line extending along the coast. In indented coasts, or in areas with islands located close to the shore, the method of the straight base line connecting the foremost points of the shore and the islands does apply. Article 5 Waters in the coastal side of the base lines; gulfs with an entrance opening of not more than 24 nautical miles; for gulfs with an entrance opening of more than 24 nautical miles, the portion located behind the 24-mile straight base line connecting two opposite shores of the gulf by leaving the largest body of water on the territorial side; waters situated in the higher side of the outermost permanent installations forming an integral part of the port system; roads and outer ports, all are considered as Turkish internal waters. Article 6 The territorial waters of islands are determined on the principles mentioned above. Article 7 Base lines used for the measuring of the width of territorial waters are shown on large-scale charts and released to interested parties. U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding the Turkish straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 32, "Straight Baselines: Turkey" of 25 March 1971. The straight baselines drawn by the Turkish Government are represented on the small-scale chart. Turkiye, Karasulari esas ve Duz Hatlari Haritasi, 8003, 1:1,100,000, 17 May 1965 [Turkish Hydrographic Service]. The Government of Turkey has not signed the Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone. The coordinate values of the turning points for the straight baselines have not been published; moreover, the scale of the chart illustrating the lines is too small to permit an accurate and detailed analysis of the straight baseline segments. Several points, however, may be noted. No single segment is greater than 24 nautical miles in length although several are greater than 20 nautical miles. The longest, a bay closing line for Iskenderun bay, measures approximately 23.5 nautical miles in length. The bay is a juridical bay. The Turkish straight baseline system, in general, encloses a "deeply indented or cut into" coast rather than one "fringed with islands"; most Aegean islands are under Greek sovereignty. In the north, however, the two principal Turkish islands, Imroz and Bozca ada, are enclosed within the system. The straight baselines system appears to contain at least 119 individual segments. The total length of the system measures approximately 1,150 kilometers or 621 nautical miles. As stated, the longest baseline measures approximately 23.5 nautical miles. The average length is approximately 5.2 nautical miles. Of particular interest, the Straits area is enclosed by the straight baselines. In fact, the closing line of the eastern end of the Bosphorus is the only segment in the Black Sea. Free transit of the Straits is the subject, of course, of the Montreux Convention of July 20, 1936 (173 LNTS 213,219). MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS TURKEY - BULGARIA The following is extracted from the Agreement between Turkey and Bulgaria on Determination of the Boundary in the Mouth Area of the Mutludere/Rezovska River and Delimitation of the Maritime Areas between the two states in the Black Sea, signed 4 December 1997. Article 1 The boundary in the mouth area of the Mutludere/Rezovska River 3. The boundary point in the mouth area of the Mutludere/Rezovska River shall have the rectangular coordinates x=5025m and y=7839m, and the terminal boundary point in the mouth of the river shall have the rectangular coordinates x=5324m and y=8339m, determined on the Plan of the mouth area of the Mutludere?Rezovska River, scale 1:1000, mutually adopted in September 1992. The terminal boundary point in the river mouth constitutes the terminal point of the land boundary between the Parties.

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Article 2 The maritime boundary in the Begendik/Rezovo Bay 1. The maritime boundary between the Republic of Turkey and the Republic of Bulgaria in the Begendik/Rezovo Bay starts from the terminal land boundary point in the river mouth with coordinates as determined in article 1, paragraph 3, of this Agreement. From that point the maritime boundary continues through points with coordinates: TABLE C1.T260. TURKEY - BULGARIA MARITIME BOUNDARY: BEGENDIK AND REZOVO BAY POINT C D E LATITUDE NORTH 415843.6N 415841.5N 415848.5N LONGITUDE EAST 280153.3E 280205.1E 280215.8E,

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COORDINATE SYSTEM, WGS84 POINT COORDINATES 295830E 6. 424803N 303410E 7. 424931N 303618E 8. 425643N 304506E 9. 431954N 310633E 10. 432649N 312043E As for the drawing of the delimitation line of the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone further to the north-east direction between geographic point 431954N and 310633E and geographic point 432649N and 312043E, the Parties have agreed that such a drawing will be finalized later at subsequent negotiations which will be held at a suitable time. 2. The boundary of the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone determined in article 4, paragraph 1, of this Agreement is shown on the Bulgarian maritime chart N 5001 (ed.1981), scale 1:500 000, and on the Turkish maritime chart N 10-A (ed.1993), scale 1:750 000 (annexes 5A and 5B). The geographical coordinates referred to in article 4, paragraph 1, of this Agreement are expressed in terms of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84). TURKEY - GEORGIA On 14 July 1997, Turkey and Georgia signed a Protocol confirming the validity of the agreements Turkey signed with the former USSR establishing the territorial sea, continental shelf, and EEZ boundaries between the two countries in the Black Sea. The Protocol that defined the territorial sea boundary was signed on 17 April 1973, ratified by the USSR on 3 January 1974, and ratified by Turkey on 3 May 1982. (The text and an analysis of the 1973 Protocol are printed in Limits in the Seas, No. 59, Soviet-Turkey Territorial Sea Boundary, 9 October 1974.) A Protocol-Description delimiting this boundary was signed on 11 September 1983. Excerpts from the Protocol-Description, below, and the analysis following it are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 109, "Continental Shelf Boundary: Turkey-U.S.S.R. and Straight Baselines: U.S.S.R. (Black Sea)" of 29 September 1988. The sea boundary line between Soviet and Turkish territorial seas in the Black Sea is defined at the locality of two leading marks and one sea spar buoy in the sea. . . . Calculation of the rectangular coordinates of the centers of the front and rear range marks, as well as the installation point of the sea spar buoy and the terminal point of the sea boundary line were done under the Turkish system of coordinates, under the Gauss-Kruger projection on the Hayford ellipsoid in the coordinated zone with axial meridian Lo = 42. The elevation indicated in the documents were calculated on the mean level of the Black Sea. The map of the sea boundary between the territorial waters of the [USSR] and the Republic of Turkey in the Black Sea is compiled on a scale of 1:100,000. Moreover, the topographic plan was compiled of the border zone of the Soviet-Turkish boundary in the region where the range marks are located, on a scale of 1:5000. With respect to the range marks which define the sea boundary line, the following documents have been compiled: protocol of the front range mark, protocol of the rear range mark, rough sketch-diagram on a scale of 1:2,500, and protocol of the sea spar buoy. A map, plan and rough sketch-diagram were compiled by each side independently in its own language in accordance with instructions approved by the Joint Soviet-Turkish Commission on Delimiting the Sea Boundary.

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The initial point of the sea boundary line between the territorial waters of the [USSR] and the Republic of Turkey in the Black Sea is the final point of the Soviet-Turkish state land boundary, defined during the redemarcation of the boundary in 1969-1973. In accordance with documents of the border redemarcation of December 29, 1973, this point is located at the place where the shoreline of the Black Sea intersects with the continuation of the perpendicular dropped from the center of the special boundary mark, which is located on the land boundary line, onto the direct line uniting the Soviet and Turkish column of the main boundary mark No. 450. The geographic and rectangular coordinates of the initial point of the sea boundary line are as follows: TABLE C1.T262. TURKEY - GEORGIA BLACK SEA BOUNDARY Latitude = 41 31' 18.39" X = 4,596,860.80 Longitude = 41 32' 55.06" Y = 462,337.80

From the point indicated above, the Soviet-Turkish sea boundary line between the territorial waters of the [USSR] and the Republic of Turkey passes along a straight line in a northwesterly direction along the 290 azimuth, and approaches the final point of the Soviet-Turkish sea boundary line at a point that intersects the external boundary line of the territorial seas of the [USSR] and the Republic of Turkey. The final point of the sea boundary line between the USSR and Turkey in the Black Sea is defined as the point where the 12-mile boundary of Soviet and Turkish territorial seas, formed by arcs drawn at a distance of 12 miles from the Soviet and Turkish coasts, intersects the boundary line between the territorial seas, passing along the 290 00' 00" azimuth. The geographic and rectangular coordinates of the final point of the sea boundary line are as follows: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T262. Latitude = 41 35' 43.41" X = 4,605,187.44 Longitude = 41 16' 40.88" Y = 439,827.34

The length of the sea boundary line between Soviet and Turkish territorial seas equals 12.96 nautical miles (24.01 km). A sea spar buoy is emplaced in order to define the sea boundary line near the coast at a distance of 400 meters from the center of the front range mark. The range marks built on the extension of the sea boundary line on the territory of the [USSR] and the Republic of Turkey are located at a distance of 288.50 meters from one another and are situated as follows: the front range mark in the region of main boundary mark No. 450, and the rear range mark in the region of main boundary mark No. 448. The range marks provide shields for daytime visibility and for the lighting (beacon) equipment, and are counted on to ensure daytime and nighttime visibility during good atmospheric conditions all along the sea boundary line. At night the direction of the sea boundary line is defined by combining the light of the rear range mark with the white light of the central light sector of the front range mark along the vertical line. The lighting (beacon) equipment of the front range mark is equipped with a red and green light filter, each having a lighting sector of 10. The red light warns vessels approaching from the Turkish Side, and the green light warns vessels approaching from the Soviet side that they are nearing the boundary line. Two lateral white lights of the lighting sector of the front range mark point out to the vessels the location of that sign. In terms of locality, the distance between range marks is slight (288.50 m). Therefore the range marks will be seen as overlapping at a certain distance on both sides from the sea boundary line. In the middle of the boundary this distance is approximately 150 meters, while at the end of the boundary it is approximately 550 meters to each side of the sea boundary line. U.S. ANALYSIS Territorial Sea Boundary The territorial sea boundary between Turkey and the USSR was defined by a protocol signed on April 17, 1973. Under the terms of this protocol the territorial sea boundary was to begin at the terminus of their land boundary and extend northwest at a 290 azimuth to the outer limit of the territorial sea claims (12 nautical miles) of Turkey and the USSR; a joint commission was to undertake the delimitation of the

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territorial sea boundary. The results of this commission's work are given in the 1983 protocol. The coordinates of the terminal points of the territorial sea boundary listed in the protocol vary slightly from those given in the earlier study by the Office of the Geographer [LIS No. 59] due to differences in the initial point selected, charts used, and mathematical model (shape) assumed for the earth's surface. Nature of the Boundary The territorial sea boundary is a single, almost 13 nautical mile (nm), geodetic line segment extending from the terminus of the TurkeyUSSR land boundary, which has redemarcated between 1969 and 1973, to the outer limit of the 12 nm territorial seas claimed by both Turkey and the USSR. The geodetic character of the line segment can be deduced because a rhumb line with the same terminal points has a slightly smaller azimuth than that required under terms of the 1973 protocol and reiterated in the 1983 delimitation protocol (290 00' 00"). A geodetic line with the terminal points listed in the 1983 protocol fulfills the azimuthal requirement. A geodetic line also best fulfills the term "straight line," which is used in the 1980 Protocol. A rhumb line, though appearing as a straight line on a Mercator map, is a spiral on the surface of the earth, whereas a geodetic line is the shortest--and therefore straightest--line between two points on a mathematically-defined spheroid surface, such as the surface of the earth. Depiction The territorial sea boundary was depicted on maps reprinted with the 1983 protocol and technical appendices in the Turkish gazette. The protocol explicitly states that calculations were done on the Turkish system of coordinates using a Gauss-Kruger (transverse Mercator) projection and Hayford ellipsoid. TURKEY - FORMER USSR (GEORGIA, RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND UKRAINE) The following is extracted from the Agreement between Turkey and the USSR concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf in the Black Sea (signed 23 June 1978, EIF May 1981). Article I The boundary of the continental shelf between the Republic of Turkey and the [USSR] in the Black sea is the line that begins on the final point of the sea boundary line between the territorial seas of Turkey and the Soviet Union in the Black Sea as established by a Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the [USSR] on Determining the Sea Boundary Line between the Territorial Seas of Turkey and Soviet Union in the Black Sea, of April 17, 1973. This line proceeds in general in a westerly direction through points, the geographic coordinates of which are as follows: TABLE C1.T263. TURKEY - FORMER USSR (GEORGIA, RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND UKRAINE) CONTINENTAL SHELF/EEZ COORDINATES LATITUDE NORTH 4135'41 4157'00" 4201'52" 4208'21" 4220'15" 4225'28" 4310'55" 4326'04" 4326'08" 4311'17" 4311'50" 4320'43" LONGITUDE EAST 4116'33" 4041'33" 4026'00" 3949'37" 3900'13" 3832'10" 3650'42" 3610'57" 3530'25" 3413'10" 3336'56" 3200'00"

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TUVALU
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 84 Marine Zones 12nm (Declaration) Ordinance of 1983 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 84 Marine Zones Authorizes the establishment of STRAIGHT BASELINES (Declaration) Ordinance archipelagic straight baselines. AND HISTORIC CLAIMS of 1983 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jan 84 Marine Zones 24nm (Declaration) Ordinance of 1983 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 84 Marine Zones 200nm EEZ. (Declaration) Ordinance of 1983 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Nov 85 Exchange of Notes Acknowledges the provisional maritime delimitation between Tuvalu and France (Wallis and Futuna Islands) to be the equidistant line. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dec 2002

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UKRAINE
Maritime claims of the former Soviet Union are considered to remain in effect for its component successor States, unless otherwise declared. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Nov 91 Statute Concerning the 12nm Claims right to regulate innocent passage Frontier of Ukraine for foreign warships. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Nov 92 Note from Permanent Listed baseline coordinates for the Black STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Mission of Ukraine to Sea and the Sea of Azov. HISTORIC CLAIMS United Nations With the Russian Federation, asserting that the Sea of Azov and Strait of Kerch are historic, internal waters of the two nations. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Jan 61 1958 Ratified 1958 Continental Shelf DEF Convention. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 95 Law of the Ukraine on the 200nm EEZ. EEZ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 78 Agreement Continental shelf boundary (Black Sea) agreement between Turkey and the USSR signed; EIF May 81. See LIS No. 109. USSR and Turkey agree to use the continental shelf boundary as the boundary for the EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Feb 95 Jul 99 Signed Part XI Agreement. Feb 87 Exchange of Notes Dec 2003 Joint Statement

Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINES Following is a list of the geographical coordinates of the points defining the position of the baselines for measuring the width of the territorial waters, economic zone and continental shelf of the Black Sea, as communicated by the Permanent Mission of Ukraine to the United Nations in a note verbale dated 11 November 1992 and as published in Law of the Sea Bulletin, No. 36. TABLE C1.T264. UKRAINE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: BLACK SEA UKRAINE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: BLACK SEA POINT 1 DESCRIPTION Intersection of the line of the State sea border between the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Romania connecting the eastern tip of the north entrance of the pier of the Sulina canal with the east islet of Tsyganka island Kubansky island LATITUDE NORTH 451051 LONGITUDE EAST 294556

451931

294558

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UKRAINE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: BLACK SEA POINT 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Dalnyaya spit, east coast To the south of Shagany lake continuing along the low-water line to point 5 Cape Lanzheron Promontory to the east of Cape Severny Odessky continuing along the lowwater line to point 7 Cape Adzhiyask Tendra spit, northern tip continuing along the low-water line to point 9 Dzharylgach island, south-west coast Tarkhankut peninsula, north coast continuing along the low-water line to point 11 Cape Cherny Uzkaya bay, west entrance promontory continuing along the low-water line to point 13 Cape Priboiny Cape Tarkhankut continuing along the low-water line to point 15 Cape Uret To the north-west of Cape Evpatoriisky continuing along the low-water line to point 17 Cape Evpatoriisky Cape Lukull Cape Khersones continuing along the low-water line to point 20 Cape Fiolent Cape Aiya Above-water rock off Cape Sarych Cape Nikolai Cape Troitsa continuing along the low-water line to point 25 Cape Opasny Cape Aitodor Cape Ayudag continuing along the low-water line to point 28 Cape Chiken Cape Meganom continuing along the low-water line to point 30 Cape Tolsty Cape Kiik-Atlama Cape Chauda continuing along the low-water line to point 33 Promontory to the south of Cape Chauda Korabl-Kamen rocks DESCRIPTION LATITUDE NORTH 452702 454015 462830 463300 463600 462206 460140 453816 453509 453124 452325 452050 451900 451212 450849 445023 443504 442952 442505 442307 442309 442331 442420 442540 443255 444858 444732 444923 445650 445958 450046 450028 LONGITUDE EAST 294804 295259 304600 305000 312104 313136 324700 325433 324921 324139 322852 322943 323924 330848 331542 333316 332248 332924 334018 334428 334639 335637 340201 340734 342058 345350 350453 350751 352307 355033 355719 361026

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UKRAINE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: BLACK SEA POINT 35 36 Cape Kyz-Aul Cape Zhelezny Rog DESCRIPTION LATITUDE NORTH 450332 450636 LONGITUDE EAST 362233 364442

Following is a list of the geographical coordinates of the points defining the position of the baselines for measuring the width of the territorial waters, economic zone and continental shelf of the Sea of Azov, as communicated by the Permanent Mission of Ukraine to the United Nations in a note verbale dated 11 November 1992 and as published in UN Law of the Sea Bulletin, No. 36. TABLE C1.T265. UKRAINE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: SEA OF AZOV UKRAINE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: SEA OF AZOV POINT DESCRIPTION GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES 452628N 363442E 2 Cape Kochetkovye Kruchi 452727N 362811E 3 Above-water rock off Cape Tarkhan 452732N 362654E 4 Northern tip of Cape Zyuk 452901N 362043E 5 Promontory to the west of Cape Bogatube 452853N 361708E 6 Promontory to the north-east of the village of Zolotoe 452703N 360524E 7 Northern tip of the west coast of Shirokaya bay on Cape Kazantip 452824N 355105E 8 North-east coast of Arbatskaya Strelka spit opposite geodetic point seventh sector from point 8 to point 9 along the low-water line North-east coast of Arabatskaya Stelka spit near Valok area 452411N 351853E 454742N 345718E 10 South-east coast of Biryuchy island near the settlement of Priboiny 460849N 351054E 11 Foundation of the pier to the south-west of the village of Stepanovka I 462734N 353110E 12 South-east coast on the south-eastern outskirts of the village of Stepanovka I 462820N 353324E 13 South coast of Obitochnaya spit to the south of Cape Dzendzik 462920N 4 550 42 780 3 191 43 416 42 888 51 821 42 707 18 823 15 678 4 678 8 512 1 666 DIST. BTWN POINTS IN METERS 8 699

North coast of Cape Khroni

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UKRAINE STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM: SEA OF AZOV POINT DESCRIPTION GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES 360648E 14 South coast of Obitochnaya spit to the east of Tsentralny fish farm 463001N 361013E 15 South-east coast of Obitochnaya spit at the south corner of the Gyrenko recreation area Southern tip of Berdyansk spit to the south of Nizhneberdyansky lighthouse 463246N 361323E 463751N 364544E 17 South coast of an unnamed island off the south-western tip of Belosaraiskaya spit Southern tip of Lyapin island 465200N 371726E 470436N 374109E 19 South coast of the south-western tip of Krivaya spit fron 16 to point 17 along the low-water line Intersection of the State border of Ukraine and the Russian Federation at the village of Kholodnoe 470127N 380520E 470711N 381354E 15 371 31 166 38 077 48 125 42 494 6 512 DIST. BTWN POINTS IN METERS

MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT UKRAINE (FORMER USSR) - TURKEY The following is extracted from the Agreement between Turkey and the USSR concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf in the Black Sea (signed 23 June 1978, EIF May 1981). Article 1 The boundary of the continental shelf between the Republic of Turkey and the [USSR] in the Black Sea is the line that begins on the final point of the sea boundary line between the territorial seas of Turkey and the Soviet Union in the Black Sea as established by a Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the [USSR] on Determining the Sea Boundary Line between the Territorial Seas of Turkey and Soviet Union in the Black Sea, of April 17, 1973. This line proceeds in general in a westerly direction through points, the geographic coordinates of which are as follows: TABLE C1.T266. UKRAINE (FORMER USSR) - TURKEY CONTINENTAL SHELF/EEZ COORDINATES LATITUDE NORTH 4135'41" 4157'00" 4201'52" 4208'21" 4220'15" 4225'28" 4310'55" LONGITUDE EAST 4116'33" 4041'33" 4026'00" 3949'37" 3900'13" 3832'10" 3650'42"

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LATITUDE NORTH 4326'04" 4326'08" 4311'17" 4311'50" 4320'43" LONGITUDE EAST 3610'57" 3530'25" 3413'10" 3336'56" 3200'00"

[T]he delimitation line of the continental shelf between the Republic of Turkey and the USSR will be defined up to the point with the following coordinates: 4320'43" north latitude and 3200'00" east longitude. [S]ettling the question of drawing the delimitation line of the continental shelf further to the west...will be held at a suitable time.

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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Oct 93 Federal Law No.19 12nm Foreign warships require prior permission (Maritime Zones of the for innocent passage. Foreign ships UAE) nuclear powered or carrying nuclear or other dangerous or hazardous material must give notice prior to innocent passage. These requirements are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. conducted operational assertions in 1995 and 1997-1998, 2001 May 94 Circular No. 34 regarding Entry of Vessels into the Seaports of the UAE All ships and naval units prohibited from entering territorial sea and ports without certificate of registration, statement of cargo, and crew and passenger list (unclear if this is meant to apply to vessels solely in innocent passage, not making a port entry). The U.S. does not recognize this requirement for vessels engaged in innocent passage and will not provide such documents for sovereign vessels entering foreign ports. * Prohibition on foreign vessels over 20 years old in UAE territorial waters. (*Unofficial extract of UAE Decree No. 110 of 1998, received from AMEMBASSY Abu Dhabi. Excerpts provided below.) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Oct 93 Federal Law No. 19 Provides for combination of normal and STRAIGHT BASELINES, & (Maritime Zones of the straight baselines. HISTORIC CLAIMS UAE) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Oct 93 Federal Law No. 19 24nm Claim includes the right to legislate for the (Maritime Zones of the security of the State. UAE) The U.S. does not recognize this claim. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Oct 93 Federal Law No. 19 CM/ . (Maritime Zones of the 200nm UAE) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Oct 93 Federal Law No. 19 200nm EEZ. (Maritime Zones of the or UAE) Median _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Mar 69 Agreement Abu Dhabi - Qatar boundary agreement regarding islands EIF. See LIS No. 18. Aug 74 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Iran signed. See LIS No. 63. Jan 98 * Ministry of Communications Decree No. 110

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UAE (DUBAI) - IRAN CONTINENTAL SHELF COORDINATES POINT 5 LATITUDE NORTH 25 47' 30" LONGITUDE EAST 54 45' 07" UAE (ABU DHABI) - QATAR The following is extracted from the Agreement between Abu Dhabi and Qatar on the Settlement of Maritime Boundary Lines and Sovereign Rights over Islands (Qatar v. Bahrain), signed and EIF 20 March 1969. Recognizing the cordial and fraternal relations that exist between the two sister Arab States, and desirous of settling maritime boundary lines and sovereign rights over islands on the basis of their mutual interests, the two Contracting Parties have agreed as follows: (1) That 'Dina' Island is part of the territory of Abu Dhabi; (2) That the islands of 'Lashat' and 'Shraho' are part of the territory of Qatar; (3) That both States will have no further national claims against each other in islands and waters beyond the maritime boundary lines herein agreed to. (4) That the maritime boundary lines referred to in paragraph (3) above are as follows: (a) A straight line between Point A at: TABLE C1.T268. UAE (ABU DHABI) - QATAR MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES LATITUDE 25 31' 50" 25 05' 54.79" LONGITUDE 53 02' 05" 53 36' 50.98" COMMENT and point B, 'Bir Elbundug', at: COMMENTS

(b) A straight line between point B (described above), and point C, at: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T268. LATITUDE 24 48' 40" LONGITUDE 52 16' 20"

(c) A straight line from point C (described above) to point D (at Bab Khor Eladid at the territorial sea boundary) at: CONTINUATION OF TABLE C1.T268. LATITUDE 24 48' 40" LONGITUDE 52 16' 20"

(6) That the Contracting Parties will have equal rights of ownership over 'Hagl Elbundug' and agreed to consult each other in all matters concerning its exploitation.

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UNITED KINGDOM
See also United Kingdom: British Overseas Territories. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Sep 91 Territorial Sea Act 1987 12nm Extended the territorial sea for the mainland and Northern Ireland from 3 to 12nm. The Territorial Waters Orders of 1964 and 1979 remain in force regarding other provisions. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Sep 64 Territorial Waters Order Established straight baselines between STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Cape Wrath and the Mull of Kintyre. HISTORIC CLAIMS 1979 Territorial Waters Refines specific coordinates for above (Amendment) Order straight baselines. Provides straight baselines for part of southern coast (Southampton/Isle of Wight). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 99 Continental Shelf varies Incorporates all Continental Shelf (Designation of Areas) legislation, including 1964 Act establishing Order 1999 the continental shelf, to all amendments and additional designations of area from 1968 to 1999. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 77 Order-in-Council based 200nm Fishing zone; repealed sections of 1964 on 22 Dec 76 Fishery or Act establishing 12nm limit. Limits Act median Feb 93 Exchange of Notes Delimits fishing zones with France around the Bailiwick of Guernsey in the Channel Islands. Apr 89 Territorial Sea Limits Order No. 482

Fisheries Limits Order Delimits fishing zone between UK and 1999 Denmark. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Jun 65 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with Norway EIF. (Amended by protocol in 1978). Dec 66 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement with the Netherlands EIF. (Amended by protocol in 1971.) Continental shelf boundary agreement with Denmark EIF. Continental shelf boundary agreement with Germany (FRG) EIF. Continental shelf boundary with France in English Channel (west of 0 30'W) and Atlantic approaches delimited. Continental shelf boundary extension agreement with Norway EIF.

Jun 99

Feb 67

Agreement

Dec 72

Agreements

Jun 77 & Mar 78

Arbitral Award

Feb 80

Agreement

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TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES, Feb 83 Agreement Continental shelf boundary agreement Continued with France for area east of 0 30'W EIF. Apr 89 Agreement Territorial Sea boundary with France in Strait of Dover EIF. Maritime boundary agreement with Ireland EIF. (Amended by protocol in 1992.) Boundary agreement with France in southern North Sea EIF. Boundary agreement with Belgium EIF.

Jan 90

Agreement

Mar 93

Agreement

May 93 May 99

Agreement Agreement

Agreement between Denmark, Faroe Islands, UK, and N. Ireland on the Maritime Delimitation in the Area between the Faroe Islands and the UK. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jul 94 Signed Part XI Agreement. Acceded to Convention, with Declaration, and ratified Part XI Agreement (applicable to British Overseas Territories as well). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following are excerpts of the Order-in-Council of 25 September 1964 establishing the British straight baseline system, and coordinates provided in Territorial Waters Order 1979. 2. (1) Except as otherwise provided in Articles 3 and 4 of this Order, the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea adjacent to the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man is measured shall be low-water line along the coast, including the coast of all islands comprised in those territories. (2) For the purposes of this Article a low-tide elevation which lies wholly or partly within the breadth of sea which would be territorial sea if all low-tide elevations were disregarded for the purpose of the measurement of the breadth thereof and if Article 3 of this Order were omitted shall be treated as an island. 3. (1) The baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured between Cape Wrath and the Mull of Kintyre shall consist of the series of straight lines drawn so as to join successively, in the order in which they are there set out, the points identified by the coordinates of latitude and longitude in the first column of the Schedule to this order, each being a point situated on the low-water line and on or adjacent to the feature, if any, named in the second column of that Schedule opposite to the co-ordinates of latitude and longitude of the point in the column. (2) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall be without prejudice to the operation of Article 2 of this Order in relation to any island or low-tide elevation which for the purpose of that Article is treated as if it were an island, being an island or low-tide elevation which lies to seaward of the baseline specified in paragraph (1) of this Article. 4. In the case of the sea adjacent to a bay, the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured shall, subject to the provisions of Article 3 of this order-(a) if the bay has only one mouth and the distance between the low-water line of the natural entrance points of the bay does not exceed 24 miles, be a straight line joining the said low-water lines; (b) if, because of the presence of islands, the bay has more than one mouth and the distances between the low-water lines of the natural entrance points of each mouth added together do not exceed 24 miles, be a series of straight lines across each of the mouths drawn so as to join the said low-water lines; Jul 97

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(c) If neither paragraph (a) nor (b) of this Article applies, be a straight line 24 miles in length drawn from low-water line to low-water line within the bay in such a manner as to enclose the maximum area of water that is possible with a line of that length. TABLE C1.T269. U.K. STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM U.K. STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINTS BETWEEN CAPE WRATH AND THE MULL OF KINTYRE JOINED TO FORM BASELINES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 LATITUDE NORTH 58 37 40 58 31 12 58 30 44 58 29 09 58 18 27 58 17 36 58 17 09 58 14 31 58 13 54 58 10 39 57 59 08 57 41 19 57 32 22 57 14 33 57 00 50 56 58 07 56 56 57 56 56 05 56 49 21 56 48 00 56 47 07 56 19 17 56 07 58 55 41 36 55 40 24 55 35 24 55 17 57 LONGITUDE WEST 05 00 06 15 06 16 06 20 06 47 06 52 06 55 07 02 07 02 07 06 07 17 07 43 07 43 07 27 07 31 07 33 07 34 07 34 07 39 07 39 07 39 07 06 06 38 06 32 06 30 06 20 05 47 13 41 55 17 45 43 20 00 57 54 42 13 58 44 42 24 17 55 32 57 36 55 00 02 59 18 54 Eilean Molach Casker Haskeir Eagach Huskeiran Rudha Ardvule Greian Head Diorlinn Head Aird a Chaolais Biruaslum Guarsay Mor Sron an Duin Skate Point Skerryvore Dubh Artach Frenchman's Rocks Orsay Island Mull of Oa Mull of Kintyre NAME Cape Wrath Lith Sgeir Gealltuig Dell Rock Tiumpan Head Mas Sgeir Old Hill Gallan Head

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U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding the British Straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 23, "Straight Baselines: United Kingdom" of 26 June 1970 (and remain relevant for the 1979 amendment). This Order establishes the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea adjacent to the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man is measured. This, generally, is low-water line round the coast, including the coast of all islands, but between Cape Wrath and the Mull of Kintyre a series of straight lines joining specified points lying generally on the seaward side of the islands lying off the coast are used, and where there are well defined bays elsewhere lines not exceeding 24 miles in length drawn across the bays are used. The bay closing lines are not specified in the order but on the map "Foreign Fishing Rights and Concessions within the Fisheries Limits of the British Isles", prepared by the Hydrographer 1965, closing lines have been indicated for the following bays: TABLE C1.T270. U.K. BAY CLOSING POINTS NO. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) Firth of Clyde Solway Firth including Luce and Wigtown Bays Morecambe Bay Tremadoc Bay Bristol Channel including Carmarthen Bay (all on the west coast of Great Britain) the Thames Estuary The Wash the Humber Estuary Firth of Forth Firth of Tay Moray Firth (all on the east coast of Great Britain); and Belfast Lough (in Northern Ireland) BAY

The U.K. straight baselines total 282.10 nautical miles; the average length of a segment is approximately 11.25 nautical miles. There are four segments over 24 miles in length; the longest sector (1 - 2) is 40.25 nautical miles. The sector closes the island-mainland passage in the north. The southern sector is closed by lines 20 - 22 which measure 52.8 nautical miles in total. The Hebrides and associated islands "screen" virtually all of the mainland coast. The water area enclosed by the straight baselines is estimated to exceed the land area enclosed by a ratio nearly identical with that of Norway, i.e. 3.5:1. The following straight baselines are taken from the Territorial Sea Limits Order 1989, No. 482, regarding the south coast of Great Britian (Southampton and Isle of Wight). These are the same coordinates as in the November 1988 Agreement with France regarding the territorial sea in the Strait of Dover. TABLE C1.T271. U.K. STRAIGHT BASELINES: SOUTHAMPTON AND ISLE OF WIGHT STRAIGHT BASELINES: SOUTHAMPTON AND ISLE OF WIGHT POINT 1 2 LATITUDE NORTH 50 49 30 95 50 53 47 00 LONGITUDE WEST 01 15 01 16 53 43 58 00

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STRAIGHT BASELINES: SOUTHAMPTON AND ISLE OF WIGHT POINT 3 4 5 6 U.S. ANALYSIS The following comments regarding the British Straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 23, "Straight Baselines: United Kingdom" of 26 June 1970, and remain relevant for the 1979 amendment. [O]n the south coast of Great Britain, straight baselines appear to have been drawn from the mainland to the western tip of the Isle of Wight and from the southern point of the same isle to Selsey Bill, also on the mainland. These lines enclose the Solent, the harbor of Southampton. Since they are not included within the straight baselines, the assumption is that the United Kingdom considers the water a juridical bay or a harbor roadstead. LATITUDE NORTH 50 57 00 00 51 02 19 00 51 05 58 00 51 12 00 72 LONGITUDE WEST 01 21 01 32 01 43 01 53 25 00 53 00 31 00 20 07

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UNITED KINGDOM: BRITISH OVERSEAS TERRITORIES

This name was adopted in 2002. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 90 Territorial Sea Orders 12nm 12nm extension of UK territorial sea made Nos. 1993-96 applicable to all dependencies. [Diego Garcia continues to be enforced at 3nm as a matter of policy.] _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 90 Statutory Instrument Nos. Established straight baselines for Falkland STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 1993-96 Islands, South Georgia and South HISTORIC CLAIMS Sandwich Islands, and Turks and Caicos Islands. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Dec 94 Offshore Minerals 200nm Falkland Islands (repealed earlier Ordinance continental shelf ordinances). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Mar 77 Proclamation No. 4 200nm Fishing zone: British Virgin Islands. May 77 Jul 77 Jul 77 Dec 77 Mar 78 Nov 78 May 93 Proclamation No. 202 Ordinance No. 3 Ordinance No. 5 Proclamation Ordinance No.2 Proclamation No.4 Proclamation No. 1 200nm 200nm 200nm 200nm 200nm 200nm 200nm Fishing zone: Bermuda. Fishing zone: Tristan da Cunha. Fishing zone: St. Helena. Fishing zone: Cayman Islands. Fishing zone: Ascension Island. Fishing zone: Turks and Caicos Islands. Fishing zone: South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. Extension of Falkland Islands Outer Conservation Zone from 150 to 200nm. EEZ established for Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands.

Aug 94

Proclamation No. 1

200nm

1997

Proclamation No. 1

200nm

Established Environment (Protection and Preservation) Zone for the British Indian Ocean Territory. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Oct 83 Agreement Agreement with France (French Polynesia) for boundary between Tuamotu Archipelago, and Pitcairn/Henderson/ Ducie/Oeno Islands EIF. Nov 93 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with the U.S. (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands) for British Virgin Islands signed. Maritime boundary agreement with the U.S. (U.S. Virgin Islands) for Anguilla signed.

Sep 2003

Proclamation No. 1

200nm

Nov 93

Agreement

641

Maritime Boundary Agreement with Honduras for Cayman Islands signed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jul 97 Acceded to Convention and ratified Part XI Agreement on behalf of all British Overseas Territories. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LEGISLATION The following is extracted from the Falkland Islands (Territorial Sea) Order 1989, No. 1993, (Made on 1 November 1989, EIF 1 January 1990). 2. The boundaries of the Colony of the Falkland Islands are hereby extended to include, as territorial sea, that par of the sea which is situated within 12 nm measured from the baselines as established by article 3 of this Order, together with the seabed of the territorial sea and its subsoil. 3. (1) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs 2 to 4 of this article, the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea adjacent to the falkland Islands is measured shall be the low-water line alont the coast of all islands comprised in the Colony of the Falkland Islands. (2) For the purposes of htis article a low-tide elevation which lies wholly or partly within the breadth of sea which would be territorial se if all low-tide elevations were disregarded for the purpose of the measurement of the breadth thereof and if paragraphs 3 and 4 of this article were omitted shall be treated as an island. (3) The baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured between Cape Carysforth (East Falkland), Cape Percival (West Falkland) and MacBride Head (East Falkland) shall consist of the series of loxodromes drawn so as to join successifely in the order in which they are there set out, the points identified by the coordinates of lititude and longitude in the forst column of the Schedule to this Order, each being a point situate on the low-water line on or adjacent to the feature named in the second column of that Schedule opposite to the coordinates of latitued and longitude of the point in the first column. Schedule Points between Cape Carysfort (East Falkland), Cape Percival (West Falkland) and Macbride Head (East Falkland) joined to form the Baselines: TABLE C1.T272. FALKLAND ISLANDS BASELINE SYSTEM FALKLAND ISLANDS BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 LATITUDE SOUTH 5124'49" 5130'38" 5140'34" 5143'41" 5205'51" 5227'00" LONGITUDE WEST 5750'52" 5744'11" 5741'00" 5744'22" 5824'36" 5853'33" NAME OF FEATURE Cape Carysfort Volunteer Point Seal Rocks Wolf Rock Prong Point E. Sea Lion Island

Dec 2001

Agreement

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FALKLAND ISLANDS BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENT U.K. - U.S. The following excerpts from an agreement between the United States of America and the United Kingdom, and the accompanying table, are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 115, "United States-United Kingdom: Maritime Boundaries in the Caribbean ," of 11 April 1994. II (1) The maritime boundary between the United States of America (Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island (British Virgin Islands) in the Caribbean is determined by geodetic lines connecting points 1- 50, as specified in the Annex to this Treaty. (2) The geodetic and computational bases used ar the North American Datum 1983 ("NAD 83"). For the purpose of illustration only, the boundary line has been drawn on the map annexed to this Treaty. III On the side of the maritime boundary adjacent to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (British Virgin Islands), the United States shall not, and on the side of the maritime boundary adjacent to the United States of America (Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), the United Kingdom shall not, claim or exercise for any purpose sovereignty, sovereign rights, or jurisdiction with respect to the waters or seabed or subsoil. (b) The table. The maritime boundary positions set forth in this Annex are on the North American Datum 1983 ("NAD 83"). The maritime boundary between the United States of America (Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (British Virgin Islands) is defined by connecting the following geographic coordinates by geodetic lines: LATITUDE SOUTH 5226'53" 5223'48" 5215'33" 5210'11" 5150'05" 5141'35" 5100'27" 5101'09" 5101'30" 5109'36" 5112'28" 5113'49" 5116'26" 5113'59" 5117'52" 5121'40" LONGITUDE WEST 5807'16" 5843'25" 6038'52" 6056'07" 6120'36" 6119'46" 6116'36" 6107'46" 6105'34" 6014'13" 5954'58" 5946'23" 5929'55" 5857'5" 5827'42" 5756'46" NAME OF FEATURE W. Sea Lion Island Barren Island Cape Meredith Bird Island Cape Percival Landsend Bluff Steeple Jason Islet Grand Jason NW Islet Grand Jason N Islet Wreck Islands Government Island White Island Cape Tamar Cape Dolphin Cape Bougainville Macbride Head

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TABLE C1.T273. U.K. - U.S. MARITIME BOUNDARY: CARIBBEAN U.K. - U.S. MARITIME BOUNDARY: CARIBBEAN POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 LATITUDE NORTH 21 48'33" 21 41'20" 20 58'05" 20 46'56" 20 57'29" 19 37'29" 19 12'25" 19 45'14" 18 41'14" 18 29'22" 18 27'36" 18 25'22" 18 24'31" 18 23'51" 18 23'43" 18 23'37" 18 23'48" 18 24'11" 18 24'29" 18 24'18" 18 23'14" 18 22'38" 18 22'40" 18 22'42" 18 22'37" 18 22'40" 18 22'30" 18 22'25" 18 22'27" 18 22'16" 18 22'23" 18 21'58" LONGITUDE WEST 65 50'31" 65 49'13" 65 40'30" 65 38'14" 65 27'21" 65 20'57" 65 06'08" 65 00'22" 65 59'33" 65 53'50" 64 53'22" 64 52'39" 64 52'19" 64 51'50" 64 51'23" 64 50'18" 64 49'42" 64 49'01" 64 47'57" 64 47'00" 64 46'37" 64 45'21" 64 44'42" 64 44'36" 64 44'24" 64 43'42" 64 43'36" 64 42'58" 64 42'28" 64 42'03" 64 40'59" 64 40'15"

644

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U.K. - U.S. MARITIME BOUNDARY: CARIBBEAN POINT 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 LATITUDE NORTH 18 21'51" 18 21'22" 18 20'39" 18 19'16" 18 19'07" 18 17'24" 18 16'43" 18 11'34" 18 03'05" 18 02'57" 18 02'52" 18 02'30" 18 02'31" 18 02'01" 18 00'12" 17 59'58" 17 58'47" 17 57'51" LONGITUDE WEST 64 38'22" 64 38'16" 64 38'32" 64 38'13" 64 38'16" 64 39'37" 64 39'41" 64 38'58" 64 38'03" 64 29'35" 64 27'03" 64 21'08" 64 20'08" 64 15'39" 64 02'29" 64 01'02" 63 57'00" 63 53'59"

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Federal Register Pub. Published coordinates of the EEZ. Not. No. 2237 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Nov 76 Exchange of Notes Maritime boundary agreement (EEZ) with Mexico for Pacific, Gulf of Mexico. (EIF by formal agreement in 1978) Dec 77 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Cuba signed; see LIS No. 110; provisional agreement effective 1/1/78, pending permanent EIF following exchange of instruments of ratification. Maritime boundary agreement with Venezuela EIF (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands). Maritime boundary agreement with Cook Islands. Maritime boundary with Canada (Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank) delimited. Maritime boundary agreement with USSR signed (Alaska) Maritime boundary agreement with the U.K. (for the British Virgin Islands) EIF.

Aug 95

Nov 80

Agreement

Jun 80

Agreement

Oct 84

ICJ Judgment

Jun 90

Agreement

Jun 95

Agreement

646

Continental Shelf boundary agreement with Mexico in Gulf of Mexico beyond 200nm. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Jul 94 Signed Part XI Agreement. [Presidential Order of 10 Mar 83 states that U.S. recognizes customary navigation and overflight rights as reflected in the LOS Convention.] _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE The following is extracted from Federal Register, Vol.60, No. 163, Department of State Public Notice No. 2237, Regarding U.S. EEZ and Maritime Boundaries, 28 August 1995. By Presidential Proclamation No. 5030 made on March 10, 1983, the United States established an exclusive economic zone, the outer limit of which is a line drawn in such a manner that each point on it is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. The Government of the United States of America has been, is, and will be, engaged in consultations and negotiations with governments of neighboring countries concerning the delimitation of areas subject to the respective jurisdiction of the United States and of these countries. The limits of the exclusive economic zone of the United States as set forth below are intended to be without prejudice to any negotiations with these countries or to any positions which may have been or may be adopted respecting the limits of maritime jurisdiction in such areas. Further, the limits of the exclusive economic zone set forth below are without prejudice to the outer limit of the continental shelf of the United States where that shelf extends beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline in accordance with international law. The following notices have been published which have defined the United States maritime boundaries and fishery conservation zone established March 1, 1977: Public Notice 506, Federal Register, Vol. 41, No. 214, November 4, 1976, 48619-20; Public Notice 526, Federal Register, Vol. 42, No. 44, March 7, 1977, 12937-40; Public Notice 544, Federal Register, Vol. 42, No. 92, May 12, 1977, 24134; Public Notice 4710-01, Federal Register, Vol. 43, No. 7, January 11, 1978, 1658; Public Notice 585, Federal Register, Vol. 43, No. 7, January 11, 1978, 1659; Public Notice 910, Federal Register, Vol. 49, No. 155, August 9, 1984, 31973. This Public Notice supersedes all limits defined in the above Public Notices. Therefore, the Department of State on behalf of the Government of the United States hereby announces the limits of the exclusive economic zone of the United States of America, within which the United States will exercise its sovereign rights and jurisdiction as permitted under international law, pending the establishment of permanent maritime boundaries by mutual agreement in those cases where a boundary is necessary and has not already been agreed. Unless otherwise noted, the coordinates in this notice relate to the Clarke 1866 Ellipsoid and the North American 1927 Datum ("NAD 27"). Unless otherwise specified, the term "straight line" in this notice means a geodetic line.

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U.S. Atlantic Coast and Gulf of Mexico In the Gulf of Mexico area, the limit of the exclusive economic zone is defined by straight lines connecting the following coordinates : TABLE C1.T274. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: GULF OF MEXICO U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: GULF OF MEXICO POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LATITUDE NORTH 4446'35 346" N 4444'41" N 4443'56" N 4439'13" N 4436'58" N 4433'27" N 4430'38" N 4429'03" N 4425'27" N 4421'43" N 4414'06" N 4411'12" N 4253'14" N 4231'08" N 4027'05" N LONGITUDE WEST 6654'11 253" W 6656'17" W 6656'26" W 6657'29" W 6700'36" W 6702'57" W 6702'38" W 6703'42" W 6702'16" W 6702'33" W 6708'38" W 6716'46" W 6744'35" W 6728'05" W 6541'59" W
1

Between points 15 and 16, the limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles seaward from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured. In the area of the Blake Plateau, the Straits of Florida, and Eastern Gulf of Mexico, the limit of the exclusive economic zone shall be 2 determined by [*43826] straight lines connecting the following coordinates : TABLE C1.T275. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: BLAKE PLATEAU, STRAITS OF FLORIDA, AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: BLAKE PLATEAU, STRAITS OF FLORIDA, AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO POINT 16 17 18 19 20 21 LATITUDE NORTH 2817'10" N 2817'10" N 2752'54" N 2726'00" N 2716'12" N 2711'53" N LONGITUDE WEST 7636'45" W 7911'24" W 7928'36" W 7931'38" W 7934'18" W 7934'56" W

648

DoD 2005.1-M
U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: BLAKE PLATEAU, STRAITS OF FLORIDA, AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO POINT 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 LATITUDE NORTH 2705'58" N 2700'27" N 2655'15" N 2653'57" N 2645'45" N 2644'29" N 2643'39" N 2641'11" N 2638'12" N 2636'29" N 2635'20" N 2634'50" N 2634'10" N 2631'11" N 2629'04" N 2625'30" N 2623'28" N 2623'20" N 2618'56" N 2615'25" N 2615'12" N 2608'08" N 2607'46" N 2606'58" N 2602'51" N 2559'29" N 2559'15" N 2557'47" N 2556'17" N 2554'03" N 2553'23" N 2551'53" N 2549'32" N 2548'23" N LONGITUDE WEST 7935'19" W 7935'17" W 7934'39" W 7934'27" W 7932'41" W 7932'23" W 7932'20" W 7932'01" W 7931'33" W 7931'07" W 7930'50" W 7930'46" W 7930'38" W 7930'15" W 7929'53" W 7929'58" W 7929'55" W 7929'54" W 7931'55" W 7933'17" W 7933'23" W 7935'53" W 7936'09" W 7936'35" W 7938'22" W 7940'03" W 7940'08" W 7940'38" W 7941'06" W 7941'38" W 7941'46" W 7941'59" W 7942'16" W 7942'23" W

649

DoD 2005.1-M
U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: BLAKE PLATEAU, STRAITS OF FLORIDA, AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO POINT 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 LATITUDE NORTH 2548'19" N 2546'25" N 2546'15" N 2543'39" N 2542'30" N 2540'36" N 2537'23" N 2537'07" N 2531'02" N 2527'58" N 2524'03" N 2522'20" N 2521'28" N 2516'51" N 2515'56" N 2510'38" N 2509'50" N 2509'02" N 2503'53" N 2502'58" N 2500'28" N 2459'01" N 2455'26" N 2444'16" N 2443'02" N 2442'34" N 2441'45" N 2438'30" N 2436'25" N 2433'16" N 2433'03" N 2432'11" N 2431'25" N 2430'55" N LONGITUDE WEST 7942'24" W 7942'44" W 7942'45" W 7942'59" W 7942'48" W 7942'27" W 7942'27" W 7942'27" W 7942'12" W 7942'11" W 7942'12" W 7942'20" W 7942'08" W 7941'24" W 7941'31" W 7941'31" W 7941'36" W 7941'45" W 7942'30" W 7942'57" W 7944'06" W 7944'49" W 7945'58" W 7949'25" W 7949'39" W 7950'51" W 7952'58" W 7959'59" W 8003'52" W 8012'44" W 8013'22" W 8015'17" W 8016'56" W 8017'48" W

650

DoD 2005.1-M
U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: BLAKE PLATEAU, STRAITS OF FLORIDA, AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO POINT 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 LATITUDE NORTH 2430'12" N 2430'04" N 2429'36" N 2428'16" N 2428'04" N 2427'21" N 2426'28" N 2425'05" N 2423'28" N 2422'31" N 2422'05" N 2419'29" N 2419'14" N 2418'36" N 2418'33" N 2409'49" N 2409'46" N 2408'56" N 2403'28" N 2408'24" N 2407'26" N 2402'18" N 2359'58" N 2355'30" N 2353'50" N 2350'50" N 2350'00" N 2349'03" N 2349'03" N 2349'40" N 2351'12" N 2351'12" N 2349'40" N 2349'30" N LONGITUDE WEST 8019'22" W 8019'45" W 8021'06" W 8024'36" W 8025'11" W 8027'21" W 8029'31" W 8032'23" W 8036'10" W 8038'57" W 8039'52" W 8045'22" W 8045'48" W 8046'50" W 8046'55" W 8059'48" W 8059'52" W 8101'08" W 8101'52" W 8101'58" W 8103'07" W 8109'06" W 8111'16" W 8112'55" W 8119'44" W 8130'00" W 8140'00" W 8150'00" W 8200'12" W 8210'00" W 8225'00" W 8240'00" W 8248'54" W 8251'12" W

651

DoD 2005.1-M
U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: BLAKE PLATEAU, STRAITS OF FLORIDA, AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO POINT 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 LATITUDE NORTH 2349'22" N 2349'50" N 2351'20" N 2352'25" N 2354'02" N 2355'45" N 2358'36" N 2409'35" N 2413'18" N 2416'39" N 2423'28" N 2426'35" N 2438'55" N 2444'15" N 2453'55" N 2512'25" N LONGITUDE WEST 8300'00" W 8315'00" W 8325'50" W 8333'02" W 8341'36" W 8348'12" W 8400'00" W 8429'28" W 8438'40" W 8446'08" W 8500'00" W 8506'20" W 8531'55" W 8543'12" W 8600'00" W 8633'12" W

Between points 139 and 140, the limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles seaward from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured. In the central Gulf of Mexico, the limit of the exclusive economic zone is determined by straight lines connecting the following coordinates : TABLE C1.T276. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: CENTRAL GULF OF MEXICO POINT 140 141 142 LATITUDE NORTH 2541'56 52 88" N 2546'52 00" N 2542'13 05" N LONGITUDE WEST 8823'05 54" W 9029'41 00" W 9105'24 89" W
3

Between points 142 and 143, the limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles seaward from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured. In the western Gulf of Mexico, the limit of the exclusive economic zone is determined by straight lines connecting the following coordinates:

652

DoD 2005.1-M
TABLE C1.T277. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: WESTERN GULF OF MEXICO POINT 143 144 145 146 LATITUDE NORTH 2559'48 28" N 2600'30 00" N 2600'31 00" N 2558'30 57" N LONGITUDE WEST 9326'42 19" W 9539'26 00" W 9648'29 00" W 9655'27 37" W

From point 146, the limit of United States jurisdiction is the territorial sea boundary with Mexico established by the United States of America and the United Mexican States in Article V(A) and annexes of the Treaty to Resolve Pending Boundary Differences and Maintain the Rio Grande and Colorado River as the International Boundary, signed at Mexico City, November 23, 1970, and entered into force April 18, 1972, TIAS No. 7313, 23 UST 371. U.S. Pacific Coast: Washington, Oregon, and California In the area seaward of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, the limit of the exclusive economic zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting 4 the points with the following coordinates : TABLE C1.T278. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: PACIFIC COAST POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 LATITUDE NORTH 4829'37 19" N 4830'11" N 4830'22" N 4830'14" N 4829'57" N 4829'44" N 4828'09" N 4827'10" N 4826'47" N 4820'16" N 4818'22" N 4811'05" N 4749'15" N 4736'47" N 4722'00" N 4642'05" N 4631'47" N LONGITUDE WEST 12443'33 19" W 12447'13" W 12450'21" W 12454'52" W 12459'14" W 12500'06" W 12505'47" W 12508'25" W 12509'12" W 12522'48" W 12529'58" W 12553'48" W 12640'57" W 12711'58" W 12741'23" W 12851'56" W 12907'39" W

Between point 17 and 18, the limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles seaward from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. In the area off the Southern California coast, the limit of the exclusive economic zone shall be determined by 5 straight lines connecting the following points :

653

DoD 2005.1-M
TABLE C1.T279. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COAST POINT 18 19 20 21 LATITUDE NORTH 3032'31 20" N 3107'58 00" N 3237'37 00" N 3235'22 11" N LONGITUDE WEST 151'58 12 37" W 11836'18 00" W 11749'31 00" W 11727'49 42" W

From point 21 to the coast, the limit of United States jurisdiction is the territorial sea boundary with Mexico established by the United States of America and the United Mexican States in Article V(B) and annexes of the Treaty to Resolve Pending Boundary Differences and Maintain the Rio Grande and Colorado River as the International Boundary, signed at Mexico City, November 23, 1970, and entered into force April 18, 1972. Alaska Off the coast of Alaska, in the area of the Beaufort Sea, the limit of exclusive economic zone shall be determined by straight lines, 6 connecting the following coordinates : TABLE C1.T280. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: ALASKA U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: ALASKA POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 LATITUDE NORTH 6938'48 88" N 6938'52" N 6939'37" N 6940'10" N 6941'30" N 6946'25" N 6947'54" N 6951'40" N 7009'26" N 7011'30" N 7029'07" N 7029'19" N 7037'31" N 7048'25" N 7058'02" N 7101'15" N 7111'58" N 7123'10" N 7212'18" N LONGITUDE WEST 14059'52 7" W 14059'51" W 14059'01" W 14058'34" W 14057'00" W 14049'45" W 14047'07" W 14042'37" W 14019'22" W 14018'09" W 14009'51" W 14009'45" W 14002'47" W 13952'32" W 13947'16" W 13944'24" W 13933'58" W 13921'46" W 13826'19" W

654

DoD 2005.1-M
U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: ALASKA POINT 20 21 LATITUDE NORTH 7246'39" N 7256'49" N LONGITUDE WEST 13730'02" W 13734'08" W

Between point 21 and point 22, the limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles seaward from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured. In the Chukchi Sea, Bering Strait, and northern Bering Sea, the limit of the exclusive economic zone shall be 7 determined by straight lines connecting the following coordinates : TABLE C1.T281. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: CHUKCHI SEA, BERING STRAIT, AND NORTHERN BERING SEA U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: CHUKCHI SEA, BERING STRAIT, AND NORTHERN BERING SEA POINT 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 LATITUDE NORTH 7246'29" N 6530'00" N 6519'58" N 6509'51" N 6459'41" N 6449'26" N 6439'08" N 6428'46" N 6418'20" N 6407'50" N 6359'27" N 6351'01" N 6342'33" N 6334'01" N 6325'27" N 6316'50" N 6308'11" N 6259'29" N 6250'44" N 6241'56" N 6233'06" N 6224'13" N 6215'17" N 6206'19" N LONGITUDE WEST 16858'37" W 16858'37" W 16921'38" W 16944'34" W 17007'23" W 17030'06" W 17052'43" W 17115'14" W 17137'40" W 17200'00" W 17218'39" W 17237'13" W 17255'42" W 17314'07" W 17332'27" W 17350'42" W 17408'52" W 17426'58" W 17444'59" W 17502'56" W 17520'48" W 17538'36" W 17556'19" W 17613'59" W

655

DoD 2005.1-M
U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: CHUKCHI SEA, BERING STRAIT, AND NORTHERN BERING SEA POINT 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 LATITUDE NORTH 6157'18" N 6148'14" N 6139'08" N 6129'59" N 6120'47" N 6111'33" N 6102'17" N 6052'57" N 6043'35" N 6034'11" N 6024'44" N 6015'14" N 6011'39" N LONGITUDE WEST 17631'34" W 17649'04" W 17706'31" W 17723'53" W 17741'11" W 17758'26" W 17815'36" W 17832'42" W 17849'45" W 17906'44" W 17923'38" W 17940'30" W 17946'49" W

Between points 58 and 59 the limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles seaward from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured. In the southern Bering Sea and north Pacific Ocean, the limit of the exclusive economic zone shall be determined the straight lines connecting the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T282. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: SOUTHERN BERING SEA AND NORTHERN PACIFIC OCEAN U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: SOUTHERN BERING SEA AND NORTHERN PACIFIC OCEAN POINT 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 LATITUDE NORTH 5616'31" N 5615'07" N 5604'34" N 5553'59" N 5543'22" N 5532'42" N 5521'59" N 5511'14" N 5500'26" N 5449'36" N 5438'43" N 5427'48" N LONGITUDE EAST 17400'19" E 17356'56" E 17341'08" E 17325'22" E 17309'37" E 17253'55" E 17238'14" E 17222'36" E 17206'59" E 17151'24" E 17135'51" E 17120'20" E

656

DoD 2005.1-M
U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: SOUTHERN BERING SEA AND NORTHERN PACIFIC OCEAN POINT 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 LATITUDE NORTH 5416'50" N 5405'50" N 5354'47" N 5343'42" N 5332'46" N 5321'48" N 5310'49" N 5259'48" N 5248'46" N 5237'43" N 5226'38" N 5215'31" N 5204'23" N 5153'14" N 5142'03" N 5130'51" N 5122'15" N LONGITUDE EAST 17104'50" E 17049'22" E 17033'56" E 17018'31" E 17005'29" E 16952'32" E 16939'40" E 16926'53" E 16914'12" E 16901'36" E 16849'05" E 16836'39" E 16824'17" E 16812'01" E 16759'49" E 16747'42" E 16738'28" E

From point 87 to point 88, the limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured. From point 88, the southern limit of the exclusive economic zone off the coast of Alaska shall be determined by straight lines 8 connecting the following coordinates : TABLE C1.T283. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: ALASKA STRAIGHT BASELINES U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: ALASKA STRAIGHT BASELINES POINT 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 LATITUDE NORTH 5328'27" N 5400'01" N 5407'30" N 5412'45" N 5412'57" N 5415'40" N 5420'33" N 5422'01" N 5430'06" N LONGITUDE WEST 13845'20" W 13545'57" W 13456'24" W 13425'03" W 13423'47" W 13410'49" W 13349'21" W 13344'24" W 13316'58" W

657

DoD 2005.1-M
U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: ALASKA STRAIGHT BASELINES POINT 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 LATITUDE NORTH 5431'02" N 5430'42" N 5430'10" N 5430'03" N 5428'32" N 5428'25" N 5427'23" N 5427'07" N 5426'00" N 5424'54" N 5424'34" N 5424'39" N 5424'41" N 5424'41" N 5424'52" N 5421'51" N 5426'41" N 5428'18" N 5430'32" N 5429'53" N 5436'53" N 5439'09" N 5440'52" N 5442'11" N 5446'16" N 5445'39" N 5444'12" N 5443'46" N 5443'00" N 5442'34" N 5442'27" N 5441'26" N 5441'21" N 5441'05" N LONGITUDE WEST 13314'00" W 13311'28" W 13307'43" W 13307'00" W 13256'28" W 13255'54" W 13250'42" W 13249'35" W 13244'12" W 13239'46" W 13238'16" W 13226'51" W 13224'35" W 13224'29" W 13223'39" W 13202'54" W 13149'28" W 13145'20" W 13138'01" W 13133'48" W 13119'22" W 13116'17" W 13113'54" W 13113'00" W 13104'43" W 13103'06" W 13059'44" W 13058'55" W 13057'41" W 13057'09" W 13056'18" W 13053'39" W 13053'18" W 13049'17" W

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U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: ALASKA STRAIGHT BASELINES POINT 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 LATITUDE NORTH 5441'06" N 5440'46" N 5440'41" N 5440'42" N 5440'03" N 5439'48" N 5439'14" N 5439'54" N 5441'09" N 5442'22" N 5442'47" N 5442'58" N 5443'00" N 5443'15" N 5443'24" N 5443'3015" N Caribbean Sea The seaward limit of the exclusive economic zone around the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands of the United States is a line 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, except that to the east, south, and west, 9 the limit of the exclusive economic zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following coordinates : TABLE C1.T284. U.S EEZ COORDINATES: CARIBBEAN SEA U.S EEZ COORDINATES: CARIBBEAN SEA POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LATITUDE NORTH 2148'33" N 2141'20" N 2058'05" N 2046'56" N 1957'29" N 1937'29" N 1912'25" N 1845'14" N 1841'14" N LONGITUDE WEST 6550'31" W 6549'13" W 6540'30" W 6538'14" W 6527'21" W 6520'57" W 6506'08" W 6500'22" W 6459'33" W LONGITUDE WEST 13048'31" W 13045'51" W 13044'59" W 13044'43" W 13042'22" W 13041'35" W 13039'18" W 13038'58" W 13038'58" W 13038'26" W 13038'06" W 13037'57" W 13037'55" W 13037'44" W 13037'39" W [*43828] 13037'37 01" W

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U.S EEZ COORDINATES: CARIBBEAN SEA POINT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 LATITUDE NORTH 1829'22" N 1827'36" N 1825'22" N 1824'31" N 1823'51" N 1823'43" N 1823'37" N 1823'48" N 1824'11" N 1824'29" N 1824'18" N 1823'14" N 1822'38" N 1822'40" N 1822'42" N 1822'37" N 1822'40" N 1822'30" N 1822'25" N 1822'27" N 1822'16" N 1822'23" N 1821'58" N 1821'51" N 1821'22" N 1820'39" N 1819'16" N 1819'07" N 1817'24" N 1816'43" N 1811'34" N 1803'03" N 1802'57" N 1802'52" N LONGITUDE WEST 6453'50" W 6453'22" W 6452'39" W 6452'19" W 6451'50" W 6451'23" W 6450'18" W 6449'42" W 6449'01" W 6447'57" W 6447'00" W 6446'37" W 6445'21" W 6444'42" W 6444'36" W 6444'24" W 6443'42" W 6443'36" W 6442'58" W 6442'28" W 6442'03" W 6440'59" W 6440'15" W 6438'22" W 6438'16" W 6438'32" W 6438'13" W 6438'16" W 6439'37" W 6439'41" W 6438'58" W 6438'03" W 6429'35" W 6427'03" W

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U.S EEZ COORDINATES: CARIBBEAN SEA POINT 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 LATITUDE NORTH 1802'30" N 1802'31" N 1802'01" N 1800'12" N 1759'58" N 1758'47" N 1757'51" N 1756'37" N 1739'48" N 1737'15" N 1730'28" N 1711'43" N 1705'07" N 1644'49" N 1643'22" N 1643'10" N 1642'40" N 1641'43" N 1635'19" N 1623'30" N 1539'31" N 1530'10" N 1514'06" N 1455'48" N 1456'06" N 1458'27" N 1458'45" N 1458'58" N 1459'10" N 1502'32" N 1505'07" N 1510'38" N 1511'06" N 1512'33" N LONGITUDE WEST 6421'08" W 6420'08" W 6415'39" W 6402'29" W 6401'02" W 6357'00" W 6353'53" W 6353'20" W 6354'54" W 6355'11" W 6355'57" W 6358'00" W 6358'42" W 6401'08" W 6406'31" W 6406'59" W 6408'06" W 6410'07" W 6423'39" W 6445'54" W 6558'41" W 6607'09" W 6619'57" W 6634'30" W 6651'40" W 6704'19" W 6705'17" W 6706'11" W 6707'00" W 6723'40" W 6736'23" W 6803'46" W 6809'21" W 6827'32" W

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U.S EEZ COORDINATES: CARIBBEAN SEA POINT 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 LATITUDE NORTH 1512'51" N 1546'46" N 1721'30" N 1738'01" N 1750'24" N 1758'07" N 1802'28" N 1806'10" N 1807'27" N 1809'12" N 1817'06" N 1819'20" N 1822'42" N 1824'39" N 1825'25" N 1828'08" N 1831'27" N 1832'58" N 1834'34" N 1854'37" N 1900'42" N 1910'00" N 1919'03" N 1921'20" N 1959'45" N 2000'59" N 2001'17" N 2002'49" N 2003'30" N 2009'28" N 2048'18" N 2122'48" N 2130'18" N 2133'47" N LONGITUDE WEST 6828'56" W 6826'04" W 6817'53" W 6816'46" W 6816'11" W 6815'52" W 6815'40" W 6815'27" W 6815'33" W 6814'53" W 6811'28" W 6809'40" W 6806'57" W 6804'58" W 6804'09" W 6800'59" W 6756'57" W 6755'07" W 6752'53" W 6746'21" W 6744'25" W 6741'24" W 6738'19" W 6738'01" W 6731'52" W 6731'35" W 6731'29" W 6731'04" W 6730'52" W 6729'11" W 6717'50" W 6702'34" W 6659'05" W 6657'30" W

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U.S EEZ COORDINATES: CARIBBEAN SEA POINT 112 LATITUDE NORTH 2151'24" N Navassa Island The limits of the exclusive economic zone around Navassa Island remain to be determined. Central and Western Pacific Northern Mariana Islands and Guam. The seaward limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, except that to the north of the Northern Mariana Islands, the limit of the exclusive economic 10 zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following points : TABLE C1.T285. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: CENTRAL AND WESTERN PACIFIC U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: CENTRAL AND WESTERN PACIFIC POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 LATITUDE NORTH 2353'35" N 2344'32" N 2333'52" N 2316'11" N 2250'13" N 2218'13" N 2153'58" N 2142'14" N 2140'08" N 2128'21" N 2058'24" N 2052'51" N LONGITUDE EAST 14505'46" E 14454'05" E 14440'23" E 14417'47" E 14344'57" E 14305'02" E 14235'03" E 14220'39" E 14218'05" E 14203'45" E 14127'33" E 14120'54" E LONGITUDE WEST 6649'30" W

and, except that to the south of Guam, the limit of the exclusive economic zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following points: 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1138'25" N 1136'53" N 1131'48" N 1127'15" N 1122'13" N 1117'31" N 1113'32" N 1113'23" N 14744'42" E 14731'03" E 14655'19" E 14625'34" E 14552'36" E 14522'38" E 14457'26" E 14456'29" E

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U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: CENTRAL AND WESTERN PACIFIC POINT 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 LATITUDE NORTH 1057'03" N 1057'30" N 1152'33" N 1254'00" N 1254'17" N 1257'34" N 1306'32" N LONGITUDE EAST 14326'53" E 14303'09" E 14215'28" E 14121'48" E 14121'33" E 14119'17" E 14112'53" E

Hawaii and Midway Island The seaward limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the territorial sea is measured. Johnston Atoll The seaward limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the territorial sea is measured. Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef The seaward limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured, except that to the southeast of Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef the limit of the exclusive economic zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T286. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: PALMYRA ATOLL AND KINGMAN REEF POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 LATITUDE NORTH 755'04" N 731'05" N 709'43" N 633'40" N 631'37" N 625'31" N 603'05" N 544'12" N 457'25" N 444'38" N 354'25" N 239'50" N LONGITUDE WEST 15922'29" W 15939'30" W 15954'35" W 16019'51" W 16021'18" W 16025'40" W 16041'42" W 16055'13" W 16128'19" W 16137'18" W 16212'56" W 16305'14" W

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Wake Island The seaward limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured, except that to the south of Wake Island the limit of the exclusive economic zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T287. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: WAKE ISLAND POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 LATITUDE NORTH 1756'15" N 1746'02" N 1737'47" N 1711'18" N 1641'31" N 1602'45" N Jarvis Island The seaward limit of the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured, except that to the north and east of Jarvis Island, the limit of the exclusive economic zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T288. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: JARVIS ISLAND POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 LATITUDE NORTH 201'00" N 201'42" N 203'20" N 202'30" N 200'13" N 150'18" N 145'46" N 143'31" N 058'53" N 046'58" N 012'36" N 000'17" S 024'23" S 025'44" S 058'15" S 213'26" S 310'40" S LONGITUDE WEST 16222'00" W 16201'35" W 16141'33" W 16136'20" W 16122'24" W 16020'42" W 15952'59" W 15939'27" W 15859'04" W 15848'24" W 15818'06" W 15807'27" W 15749'44" W 15748'43" W 15724'52" W 15749'01" W 15810'30" W LONGITUDE EAST 16954'00" E 16931'18" E 16912'53" E 16813'30" E 16707'39" E 16543'30" E

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Howland and Baker Islands The seaward limit of the exclusive economic zone is a line 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured, except to the southeast and south of Howland and Baker Islands the limit of the exclusive economic zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following points: TABLE C1.T289. U.S. EEZ COORDINATES: HOWLAND AND BAKER ISLANDS POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Notes: The limits of the U.S. exclusive economic zone from points 1 to 12 in areas adjacent to Canada do not correspond to limits of the Canadian fishery zone as defined in the Canada Gazette of January 1, 1977, due to the dispute between the United States and Canada relating to the sovereignty over Machias Seal Island and North Rock. The line defined by points 12 through 15 reflects the International Court of Justice Award of October 14, 1984, establishing a United States-Canada maritime boundary, pursuant to the Treaty between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America to Submit to Binding Dispute Settlement the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area, TIAS 10204. The line defined by points 113 through 139 is that line delimited in the maritime boundary treaty signed with Cuba December 16, 1977, Senate Executive H, 96th Cong., lst Sess. The treaty has been applied provisionally since January 1, 1978.
3 2 1

LATITUDE NORTH 014'30" N 014'32" S 043'52" S 104'06" S 112'39" S 114'52" S 152'36" S 159'17" S 217'09" S 232'51" S 240'26" S 244'49" S 244'53" S 256'33" S 258'45" S

LONGITUDE WEST 17308'00" W 17327'28" W 17345'30" W 17417'41" W 17431'02" W 17434'48" W 17534'51" W 17545'29" W 17613'58" W 17638'59" W 17651'03" W 17658'01" W 17658'08" W 17716'43" W 17726'00" W

The lines defined by points 140-142 and 143-146 reflect the exchange of Notes Effecting Agreement on the provisional Maritime Boundary with Mexico done on November 24, 1976, TIAS 8805, 29 UST 196. The U.S.-Mexico Maritime Boundary Treaty, signed on May 4, 1978, Senate Executive F, 96th Congress, 1st Sess., defines boundary using the same turning points.

The limit of the U.S. exclusive economic zone from points 1 to 17 adjacent to Canada in the area seaward of the Strait of Juan de Fuca do not correspond to limits of the Canadian fishery zone as defined in the Canada Gazette of January 1, 1977. The line defined by points 18 through 21 reflect the Exchange of Notes Effecting Agreement on the Provisional Maritime Boundary with Mexico done on November 24, 1976. The U.S.-Mexico Maritime Boundary Treaty, signed on May 4, 1978, defines the boundary using the same turning points. [*43827]
5

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The limit of the U.S. exclusive economic zone in areas adjacent to Canada in the Beaufort Sea do not correspond to limits of the Canadian fishery zone, as defined in the Canada Gazette of January 1, 1997. The line defined by points 22-58 and 59-87 is that line delimited in the maritime boundary treaty signed with the former Soviet Union (now applicable to Russia) June 1, 1990, Senate Treaty Doc. 102-22, and applied provisionally pending the exchange of instruments of ratifiction, by an exchange of notes effective June 15, 1990. The limit of the U.S. exclusive economic zone in, and seaward of, the Dixon Entrance do not correspond to the limits of the Canadian fishery zone, as defined in the Canada Gazette of January 1, 1977. Where the claimed boundaries published by the United States and Canada leave an unclaimed area within Dixon Entrance, the United States will exercise fishery management jurisdiction to the Canadian claimed line where that line is situated southward of the United States claimed line, until such time as a permanent maritime boundary with Canada is established in the Dixon Entrance.
9 8 7 6

The line defined by points 1-50 is that line delimited in the maritime boundary treaty signed with the United Kingdom (for the British Virgin Islands) at London on November 4, 1993, Senate Treaty Doc. 103-23, and entered into force on June 1, 1995. The line defined by points 50-51 is that line delimited in the maritime boundary treaty signed with the United Kingdom (for Anguilla) at London on November 4, 1993, Senate Treaty Doc. 103-23, and entered into force June 1, 1995. The line from point 1 to point 51 is on the North American Datum 1983 (NAD 83). The line defined by points 57-78 is that line delimited in the maritime boundary treaty signed with Venezuela at Caracas on March 28, 1978; the treaty entered into force on November 24, 1980, TIAS 9890, 32 UST 3100.

The line defined by points 1-12 constitutes the line of delimination between the maritime zones of the United States and Japan as reflected in an Exchange of Notes effective July 5, 1994. Points 1-12 are on the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84). In this regard, users should be aware that the Government of Japan defines points 1-12 on the Tokyo Datum and the coordinate values will differ slightly from those published in this Notice. The line defined by points 1-8 is that line delimited in the maritime boundary treaty with New Zealand (for Tokelau) signed at Atafu on December 2, 1980; this treaty entered into force on September 3, 1983, TIAS 10775. The line defined by points 8-32 is that line delimited in the maritime boundary treaty with the Cook Islands signed at Rarotonga on June 11, 1980; this treaty entered into force on September 8, 1983, TIAS 10774. Points 1-32 are on the World Geodetic System 1972 (WGS 72). MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS U.S. CANADA The following is extracted from the October 1984 ICJ Judgment in the Case Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary In the Gulf of Maine Area (Canada v. U.S.A.) The Chamber, by four votes to one, decides: That the course of the single maritime boundary that divides the continental shelf and the exclusive fisheries zones of Canada and the [U.S.] in the area referred to in the Special Agreement concluded by those two States on 29 March 1979 shall be defined by geodetic lines connecting the points with the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T290. U.S. - CANADA MARITIME BOUNDARY: GULF OF MAINE POINT A B C D LATITUDE NORTH 44 11' 12" 42 53' 14" 42 31' 08" 40 27' 05" U.S. - CUBA LONGITUDE WEST 67 16' 46" 67 44' 35" 67 28' 05" 65 41' 59"

The following excerpts are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 110, "Maritime Boundary: Cuba-United States" of 21 February 1990. On December 16, 1977, the Governments of the United States of America and the Republic of Cuba signed an agreement delimiting a maritime boundary in the Straits of Florida and eastern Gulf of Mexico. The parties agreed to provisional application of the force of the

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agreement, effective January 1, 1978, pending permanent entry into force of the agreement following the exchange of instruments of the signing of this agreement Notes have been exchanged on six occasions (every two years) extending the provisional application of occasions (every two years) extending the provisional application of the agreement. The latest agreement occurred December 26, 1989. The 1977 negotiations leading to the maritime boundary agreement were one of the first formal and direct discussions the United States and Cuba held for many years. Each country had, in 1977, extended its maritime jurisdiction to 200 miles, Cuba claiming an exclusive economic zone, the United States claiming an exclusive fishing zone. since the two countries are less than 400 miles apart there exists an area in the southern portion of the Straits of Florida and eastern Gulf of Mexico where their respective claims overlap. The United States does not recognize Cuba's straight baselines along its northern coast on the grounds that the geographic conditions, as prescribed under international law, are not met. Specifically, Cuba's coastline is neither deeply indented nor fringed with islands in this area. The United States does not claim straight baselines along its coast. Cuba gains an advantage over the United States in the eastern part of the boundary if an equidistant line is created by using Cuba's straight baselines against the United States low-water line. The western portion of the boundary was not influenced by Cuba's straight baselines. To avoid an impasse in the talks, Cuba and the United States agreed to calculate an equidistant line from the relevant basepoints on their respective low-water lines and a second equidistant line from the Cuban straight baselines and comparable hypothetical construction lines separated by a much as approximately three miles. A compromise line was then negotiated that ran between these two equidistant lines, essentially dividing the intervening area equally between them. Comparing the negotiated boundary line to the original line published by the United States in March 1977, the United States gained a net area of approximately 235 square nautical miles; a slight area loss in the eastern part of the boundary area, offset in the central and western portions of the boundary. The boundary consists of 27 turning and terminal points and is 313.4 mils long. In the east, the staring point is a tripoint, approximately 40 miles distant form the coasts of the Bahamas (Cay Sal), Cuba, and the United States. From the tripoint the boundary extends in a general westward direction until turning point 13; it then turns in a northwestward direction until reaching the terminus, 200 miles from the Cuban and U.S. coasts. The distance between boundary turning points ranges from 2.12 miles (between points 10 and 11) to 35.34 miles (between points 26 and 27) and averages about 12 miles. The boundary separates all types of maritime jurisdiction permitted under international law. At the time the treaty was signed, Cuba claimed a 200-mile exclusive economic zone and the United States a 200-mile fishery zone. Subsequent to the signing the United States, in 1983, claimed a 200-mile exclusive economic zone. As set forth in Article I of the agreement, the maritime boundary between the U.S. and Cuba shall be determined by geodetic lines connecting the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T291. U.S. - CUBA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES U.S. - CUBA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 LATITUDE NORTH 1.23 55'30" 2.23 53'50" 3.23 50'50" 4.23 50'00" 5.23 49'03" 6.23 49'03" 7.23 49'40" 8.23 51'12" 9.23 51'12" 10.23 49'40" 11.23 49'30" 12.23 49'22" LONGITUDE WEST 81 12'55" 81 19'44" 81 30'00" 81 40'00" 81 50'00" 82 00'12" 82 10'00" 82 25'00" 82 40'00" 82 48'54" 82 51'12" 83 00'00"

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U.S. - CUBA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES POINT 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 LATITUDE NORTH 13.23 49'49" 14.23 51'51" 15.23 52'25" 16.23 54'02" 17.23 55'45" 18.23 58'36" 19.24 09'35" 20.24 13'18" 21.24 16'39" 22.24 23'28" 23.24 26'35" 24.24 38'55" 25.24 44'15" 26.24 53'55" 27.25 12'25" U.S.RUSSIA The following is extracted from the Agreement between the U.S. and the USSR on the Maritime Boundary, signed 1 June 1990. Article 1 1. The Parties agree that the line described as the "western limit" in article 1 of the 1867 Convention, as defined in article 2 of this Agreement, is the maritime boundary between the [U.S.] and the Soviet Union. 2. Each Party shall respect the maritime boundary as limiting the extent of its coastal State jurisdiction otherwise permitted under international law. Article 2 1. From the initial point, 65 30' N., 168 58' 37" W., the maritime boundary extends north along the 168 58' 37" W. meridian through the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea into the Arctic Ocean as far as permitted under international law. 2. From the same initial point, the maritime boundary extends southwestward and is defined by lines connecting the geographic positions set forth in the Annex, which is an integral part of this Agreement. Article 3 1. In any area east of the maritime boundary that lies within 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the Soviet Union is measured but beyond 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the [U.S.] is measured ("eastern special area"), the Soviet Union agrees that henceforth the [U.S.] may exercise the sovereign rights and jurisdiction derived from exclusive economic zone jurisdiction that the Soviet Union would otherwise be entitled to exercise under international law in the absence of the agreement of the Parties on the maritime boundary. 2. In any area west of the maritime boundary taht lies within 200 nautical miles of the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the [U.S.] is measured but beyond 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the Soviet Union is measured ("western special area"), the [U.S.] agrees that henceforth the Soviet Union may exercise the sovereign rights and jurisdiction derived from exclusive economic zone jurisdiction that the [U.S.] would otherwise be entitled to exercise under international law in the absence of the agreement of the Parties on the maritime boundary. 3. To the extent that either Party exercises the sovereign rights or jurisdiction in the special area or areas on its side of the maritime boundary as provided for in this article, such exercise of sovereign rights or jurisdiction derives from the agreement of the Parties and LONGITUDE WEST 83 15'00" 83 25'50" 83 33'02" 83 41'36" 83 48'12" 84 00'00" 84 29'28" 84 38'40" 84 46'08" 85 00'00" 85 06'20" 85 31'55" 85 43'12" 86 00'00" 86 33'12"

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does not constitute an extension of its exclusive economic zone. To this end, each Party shall take the necessary steps to ensure that any exercise on its part of such rights or jurisdiction in the special area or areas on its side of the maritime boundary shall be so characterized in its relevant laws, regulations, and charts. Article 4 The maritime boundary as defined in this Agreement shall not affect or prejudice in any manner either Party's position with respect to the rules of international law relating to the law of the sea, including those concerned with the exercise of sovereignty, sovereign rights or jurisdiction with respect to the waters or seabed and subsoil. Article 5 For the purposes of this Agreement, "coastal State jurisdiction" refers to the sovereignty, sovereign rights, or any other form of jurisdiction with respect to the waters or seabed and subsoil that may be exercised by a coastal State in accordance with the international law of the sea. Annex The maritime boundary is defined as follows: From the initial point, 65 30' N. 168 58' 37" W., the maritime boundary extends north along the 168 58' 37" W. meridian through the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea into the Arctic Ocean as far as permitted under international law. From the same initial point, the maritime boundary extends southwestward connecting the following geographic positions: TABLE C1.T292. U.S. RUSSIA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES U.S. RUSSIA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 LATITUDE NORTH 65 19' 58" 65 09' 51" 64 59' 41" 64 49' 26" 64 39' 08" 64 28' 46" 64 18' 20" 63 07' 50" 63 59' 27" 63 51' 01" 63 42' 33" 63 34' 01" 63 25' 27" 63 16' 50" 63 08' 11" 62 59' 29" 62 50' 44" 62 41' 56" 62 33' 06" LONGITUDE WEST 169 21' 38" 169 44' 34" 170 07' 23" 170 30' 06" 170 52' 43" 171 15' 14" 171 37' 40" 172 00' 00" 172 18' 39" 172 37' 13" 172 55' 42" 173 14' 07" 173 32' 27" 173 50' 42" 174 08' 52" 174 26' 58" 174 44' 59" 175 02' 56" 175 20' 48"

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U.S. RUSSIA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 LATITUDE NORTH 62 24' 13" 62 15' 17" 62 06' 19" 61 57' 18" 61 10' 11" 61 39' 08" 61 29' 59" 61 20' 47" 61 11' 33" 61 02' 17" 60 52' 57" 60 43' 35" 60 34' 11" 60 24' 44" 60 15' 14" 60 11' 39" LONGITUDE WEST 175 38' 36" 175 56' 19" 176 13' 59" 176 31' 34" 176 49' 04" 177 06' 31" 177 23' 53" 177 41' 11" 177 58' 26" 178 15' 36" 178 32' 42" 178 49' 45" 179 06' 44" 179 23' 38" 179 40' 30" 179 46' 49"

thence, it extends along an arc with a radius of 200 nautical miles and a center at 60 38' 23" N., 173 06' 54" W. to 37 59 58' 22" 179 40' 55"

thence, it extends southwestward along the rhumb line, defined by the following points: 64 05' 08" N., 172 00' 00" W., 53 43' 42" N., 170 18' 31" E. to 38 58 57' 18" 178 33' 59"

thence, it extends along an arc with a radius of 200 nautical miles and a center at 62 16' 09" N., 179 05' 34" E. to 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 58 58' 14" 58 57' 58" 58 48' 06" 58 38' 12" 58 28' 16" 58 18' 17" 58 08' 15" 57 58' 11" 57 48' 04" 57 37' 54" 178 15' 05" 178 14' 37" 177 58' 14" 177 41' 53" 177 25' 34" 177 09' 18" 176 53' 04" 176 36' 52" 176 20' 43" 176 04' 35"

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U.S. RUSSIA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 LATITUDE NORTH 57 27' 42" 57 17' 28" 57 07' 11" 56 56' 51" 56 46' 29" 56 36' 04" 56 25' 37" 56 15' 07" 56 04' 34" 55 53' 59" 55 43' 22" 55 32' 42" 55 21' 39" 55 11' 14" 55 00' 26" 54 49' 36" 54 38' 43" 54 27' 48" 54 16' 50" 54 05' 50" 53 54' 47" 53 43' 42" 53 32' 46" 53 21' 48" 53 10' 49" 52 59' 48" 52 48' 46" 52 37' 43" 52 26' 38" 52 15' 31" 52 04' 23" 51 53' 14" 51 42' 03" 51 30' 51" LONGITUDE WEST 175 48' 31" 175 32' 28" 175 16' 27" 175 00' 29" 174 44' 32" 174 28' 38" 174 12' 46" 173 56' 56" 173 41' 08" 173 25' 22" 173 09' 37" 172 53' 55" 172 38' 14" 172 22' 36" 172 06' 59" 171 51' 24" 171 35' 51" 171 20' 20" 171 04' 50" 170 49' 22" 170 33' 56" 170 18' 31" 170 05' 29" 169 52' 32" 169 39' 40" 169 26' 53" 169 14' 12" 169 01' 36" 168 49' 05" 168 36' 39" 168 24' 17" 168 12' 01" 167 59' 49" 167 47' 42"

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U.S. RUSSIA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 83 84 85 86 87 LATITUDE NORTH 51 19' 37" 51 11' 22" 51 12' 17" 51 09' 09" 50 58' 39" U.S. VENEZUELA The following is extracted from the Maritime Boundary Treaty between the U.S. and Venezuela, signed 28 March 1978, EIF November 1980. Article 1 The sole purpose of this Treaty is to establish, in accordance with international law, the maritime boundary between the [U.S.] and the Republic of Venezuela. Article 2 The maritime boundary between the [U.S.] and Venezuela is determined by the geodetic lines connecting points 1-22, having the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T293. U.S. - VENEZUELA MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES U.S. - VENEZUELA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 LATITUDE NORTH 16 44' 49" 16 43' 22" 16 43' 10" 16 42' 40" 16 41' 43" 16 35' 19" 16 23' 30" 15 39' 31" 15 30' 10" 15 14' 06" 14 55' 48" 14 56' 06" 14 58' 27" 14 58' 45" 14 58' 58" 14 59' 10" 15 02' 32" LONGITUDE WEST 64 01' 08" 64 06' 31" 64 06' 59" 64 08' 06" 64 10' 07" 64 23' 39" 64 45' 54" 65 58' 41" 66 07' 09" 66 19' 57" 66 34' 30" 66 51' 40" 67 04' 19" 67 05' 17" 67 06' 11" 67 07' 00" 67 23' 40" LONGITUDE WEST 167 35' 40" 167 26' 52" 167 15' 35" 167 12' 00" 167 00' 00"

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U.S. - VENEZUELA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 18 19 20 21 22 LATITUDE NORTH 15 05' 07" 15 10' 38" 15 11' 06" 15 12' 33" 15 12' 51" LONGITUDE WEST 67 36' 23" 68 03' 46" 68 09' 21" 68 27' 32" 68 28' 56"

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URUGUAY
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Nov 98 Law No. 17.033 12nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 61 Joint Declaration of Argentina and Uruguay agree to status of STRAIGHT BASELINES, & Argentina & Uruguay Rio de la Plata as historic waters. HISTORIC CLAIMS Nov 98 Law No. 17.033 Established straight baselines. Reiterated historic status for Rio de la Plata. See LIS No. 123 (Chartlet available on line at UNs LOS website. See Foreward for website information.) This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested this claim in 1963, 1970, and in 2000. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Nov 98 Law No. 17.033 24nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Nov 98 Law No. 17.033 200nm/ CM _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Nov 98 Law No. 17.033 200nm Military exercises in EEZ subject to prior authorization. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 2000. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Nov 98 Law No. 17,033 200nm REGULATION _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Feb 74 Agreement With Argentina concerning Rio de la Plata and maritime boundary EIF. See LIS No. 64. Maritime boundary agreement with Brazil EIF. See LIS No. 73. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention, with Declaration reaffirming exclusion of military exercises within the EEZ. Dec 92 Ratified Convention. Jun 75 Agreement

Jul 94 Signed Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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STRAIGHT BASELINES LEGISLATION The following is extracted from Act 17.033 of 20 November 1998 establishing the boundaries of the territorial sea, the adjacent zone, the exclusive economic zone, and the continental shelf. List of geographical coordinates and features specifying the baselines of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay TABLE C1.T294. URUGUAY BASELINES Geographical Feature Latitude South Longitude West Delineation of the line between those points Straight

1. Mid-point outer limit Rio de la Plata (articles 1 and 70 of the Treaty concerning the Rio de la Plata and the corresponding maritime boundary) 2. Intersection of line marking outer limit Rio de la Plata with W coastline of Punta del Este 3. S end Punta del Este 4. Punta del Vapor 5. Punta Piedras Perimeter Isla de Lobos 6. SE end Islote de Lobos 5. Punta Piedrea 7. Punta Jose Ignacio 8. Cabo Santa maria 9. Shoal E of start of Punto de La Paloma breakwater 10. E end Piedra negra 11. E end Isla del Marco 12. Shoal Punta del Palmar 13. Shoal Maria Pia 14. Punta del Diablo 15. Punta Mogote 16. Islet SSE Isla Coronilla 17. NE end Isla Coronilla 18. Punta de la Coronilla 19. Intersection of maritime lateral limit between Eastern Republic of Uruguay and Brazil with coastline
**

35 38.0 S

55 52.0 W

34 58.2 S 34 58.4 S 34 57.9 S 34 54.3 S 35 01.7 S 34 54.3 S 34 51.0 S 34 40.1 S 34 39.3 S 34 24.1 S 34 21.0 S 34 04.0 S 34 03.0 S 34 02.5 S 34 00.1 S 33 56.6 S 33 56.3 S 33 55.4 S 33 44.8 S

54 57.2 W 54 57.1 W 54 56.4 W 54 48.4 W 54 52.0 W 54 48.4 W 54 38.1 W 54 09.0 W 54 08.2 W 53 44.8 W 53 44.3 W 53 44.3 W 53 32.0 W 53 32.0 W 53 32.0 W 53 28.5 W 53 28.7 W 53 30.5 W 53 22.0 W

Normal Straight Straight Isolated Normal Isolated Normal Normal Normal Straight Straight Straight Straight Straight Straight Straight Straight Straight Straight Normal

** Regarding Feature 12 above: Using the coordinates given for Point 12, the Shoal lies in a lagoon landward of the coast. The following UN-utilized coordinates, taken from the National Imagery and Mapping Agency Gazetteer website, were used for situating Point 12 on the coast: 34 04.00 S, 53 32.0 W.

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U.S. Analysis The following comments regarding Uruguays straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 123, "Uruguays Maritime claims," 27 November 2000. Uruguay has created 13 straight baselines segments ranging in length from 60 miles (segment 1-2 across its half of the mouth of the Rio de la Plata) to 0.3 miles (segment 16-17).... Uruguays mainland coastline from Punta del Este to the land boundary terminus with Brazil has a geographic consistency where the coastline, in its entirety, is relatively smooth with minor coastal curvatures. Yet, Uruguay has employed straight baseline segments in areas that have similar qualities as those areas where it has used the normal baseline, the lowe-water line. The straight baselines have enclosed very small areas that are not sufficiently closely linked to the land domain to be subject to the regime of internal waters: (as called for in Article 7(3) of the LOS Convention). Further, the straight baseline segments have virtually no impact on the outer limits of the territorial sea. There are no areas along the Uruguayan coastline where straight baselines would be appropriate. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS URUGUAY - ARGENTINA The following is extracted from the Agreement between Uruguay and Argentina on the Delimitation of the River Plate and the Maritime Boundary, EIF February 1974. Chapter 1 Jurisdiction Article 1 The Rio de la Plata extends from the parallel of Punta Gorda to an imaginary straight line joining Punta del Este (Uruguay) and Punta Rasa del Cabo San Antonio (Argentina), in conformity with the provisions of the Treaty on the Limits of the Uruguay River of April 7, 1961 and the Joint Declaration on the Outer Limit of the Rio de la Plata of January 30, 1961. Article 2 A strip of exclusive jurisdiction adjacent to each Party's coast on the river is hereby established. This coastal strip shall be seven nautical miles wide between the outer limit of the river and an imaginary straight line joining Colonia (Uruguay) and Punta Lara (Argentina) and two nautical miles wide from that line to the parallel of Punta Gorda. However, the outer limits of the strips shall be deflected as necessary in order that they will not overlap with the limits of channels located in waters of common use and so as to include port access channels. Such limits shall not be less than 500 meters distant from the limits of channels located in waters of common use or more than 500 meters distant from the limits or mouths of port access channels. Article 3 Outside the coastal strips, the jurisdiction of each Party shall apply to the Party's own flag vessels. That jurisdiction shall also apply to third-country flag vessels involved in accidents with vessels of that Party. The provisions of the first and second paragraphs notwithstanding, the jurisdiction of a Party shall apply in all cases involving its security or when unlawful acts are committed that may have an effect in its territory, irrespective of the flag of the vessel involved. If the security of both Parties is involved, or if the unlawful act has an effect in both territories, the jurisdiction of the Party whose coastal strip is nearest to the place where the vessel is apprehended shall prevail. Article 10 The Parties may use, under equal conditions and in any circumstances, the channels located in the waters of common use. Article 11 In the waters of common use, navigation by public and private vessels of the countries of the Rio de la Plata basin and public and private third-flag merchant ships, shall be permitted without prejudice to rights previously granted the Parties under treaties in force. Moreover, each Party shall permit the passage of third-flag warships authorized by the other Party, provided such passage does not affect its order or security. Article 41 Each party may explore and exploit the resources of the bed and subsoil of the river in the areas adjacent to their respective coasts up to a line determined by the following geographic points....

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TABLE C1.T295. URUGUAY - ARGENTINA MARITIME BOUNDARY POINTS 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 LATITUDE SOUTH 34 12 0 34 13 3 34 15 2 34 17 7 34 20 0 34 21 7 34 22 8 34 26 6 34 33 0 34 40 0 34 47 0 34 52 0 35 11 0 35 10 3 35 38 0 LONGITUDE WEST 58 15 1 58 12 5 58 10 0 58 05 5 58 03 9 58 01 2 58 00 6 57 56 4 57 56 1 57 57 1 57 32 0 57 20 0 57 00 0 56 43 0 55 52 0

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from the above-established point, shall run on a bearing of 128 sexagesimal degrees (counting from true north) to the outside limit of the territorial sea of both countries. The extension of that rhumb line running inland passes by the Chuy light. Both of the Commission Heads also state that the principal marker No. 1 (reference marker), erected by the Joint Boundary Commission in 1853 near the left bank of Chuy Stream and on firm ground for better protection from the water, will be maintained in its original position, and that at the opportune time the necessary works to ensure that Chuy Stream will have its normal outlet at the above-established point will be undertaken. The analysis The Brazil-Uruguay maritime boundary, plotted on the [DMA/HC 24000 chart attached to LIS No. 73] consists of a single rhumb line. Commencing at the mouth of the Chuy stream, the boundary extends seaward at a 128 azimuth (from true north) to the outer limit of the two states' territorial seas. Each country claims a 200-nm territorial sea. The boundary extends approximately 204 nm from the Chuy stream; Pt. Palmar (Uruguay) and a Brazilian mainland point northeast of Chuy stream are the basepoints approximately 200 nm from the terminal boundary point.

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VANUATU
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Oct 82 Maritime Zones Act No. 12nm Measured from archipelagic and low-water 23 of 1981 baselines. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Oct 82 Maritime Zones Act No. Established archipelagic baselines; STRAIGHT BASELINES, & 23 of 1981 recognized rights of navigation and HISTORIC CLAIMS overflight through and over the routes normally used in archipelagic and territorial waters; authorized designation of sea lanes, air routes, and traffic separation schemes for "continuous and expeditious passage of foreign ships and aircraft." _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Oct 82 Maritime Zones Act No. 24nm 23 of 1981 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Oct 82 Maritime Zones Act No. CM/ 23 of 1981 200nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Oct 82 Maritime Zones Act No. 200nm 23 of 1981 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL Oct 82 Maritime Zones Act No. 200nm Exclusive authority to preserve and protect REGULATION 23 of 1981 environment and prevent and control pollution claimed within EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Jul 94 Aug 99 Signed Part XI Agreement.

Ratified Convention; bound by Part XI Agreement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE LEGISLATION The following are extracts from the Maritime Zones Act No. 23 of October 1982 establishing Vanuatu's archipelagic baseline system. An archipelagic baseline commencing at the outermost point of the low water line of the Reef off Hiu Island co-ordinate 13 04' 18" South 166 32' 13".8 East, British Admiralty Chart No. 1575 and, except where the contrary intention appears, following the geodesic lines successively linking the outermost points on the low water lines of the land areas specified below: TABLE C1.T296. VANUATU ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM VANUATU ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 1 2 3 4 Vat Ganai Island Vetvai Point on Motlav Island Islet off Merolava Island Treerock Point on Pentacost Island LAND AREA LATITUDE SOUTH 13 15' 10.8" 13 38' 46.8" 14 26' 22.9" 15 55' 38.4" LONGITUDE EAST 167 38' 10.5" 167 42' 25.5" 168 04' 10.2" 168 16' 32.5" BRITISH CHART 1575 1575 1575 1575

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VANUATU ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Tangaraki Island Maniuro Point of Efate Island Goat Islot off Erromango Reef off Futuna Island Masi Point on Futuna Island Reef on Anoityum Island and thence along the low water line to point 11 Flat Rock off Anoityum Island Reef off Anoityum Island Imlao on Tanna Island and thence along the low water line to point 14 West Point Tanna Islands Ountovin Point on Erromango Island Tukutuku Point on Efate Island Tomman Island Reef off Santo Remarkable Point on Santo Island Reef off Santo Island On NW Coast of Santo Thomeuf Point on Hiu Island On Reef off Hiu Island LAND AREA LATITUDE SOUTH 17 00' 38.4" 17 41' 42" 18 42' 09.6" 19 30' 42" 19 32' 37.7" 20 11' 45.6" 20 15' 30" 20 15' 58.2" 19 34' 51.6" 19 27' 09" 18 52' 51" 17 43' 09.6" 16 35' 37.5" 15 39' 24.6" 15 24' 04.5" 14 51' 06" 14 44' 51.6" 13 10' 21" 13 04' 18" LONGITUDE EAST 168 38' 27" 168 35' 10" 169 17' 43.6" 170 13' 44.3" 170 13' 44.3" 169 53' 42" 169 50' 42.9" 169 45' 25.9" 169 16' 42.6" 169 12' 39" 158 59' 03.6" 168 09' 02.4" 167 27' 17.4" 166 45' 58.8" 166 38' 27" 166 32' 00.6" 166 32' 42.6" 166 31' 58.5" 166 32' 13.8" BRITISH CHART 1576 1576 1575 1576 1576 1576 1576 1576 1576 1576 1576 1576 1575 1575 1575 1575 1575 1575 1575

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VENEZUELA
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Aug 61 12nm Became party to the 1958 Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jul 56 Territorial Sea Law Enabling legislation for straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS Jul 68 Presidential Decree Provided coordinates for straight baselines. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. See LIS No. 21. U.S. protested claim in 1989. In 2000, GOV challenged USG vessels performing counter-drug ops in the Gulf of Venezuela. This appears to indicate a claimed historic bay status and/or enclosing straight baselines. However, such a claim has not been set out officially in GOV legislation/demarche. The U.S. does not recognize this claim and protested the challenge of US ships in the Gulf in 2000. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Jul 56 Territorial Sea Law 15nm Claimed jurisdiction "for purposes of maritime control and police, as well as for national security and protection of national interests." This claim to security jurisdiction is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1989 and conducted operational assertions in 1999-2001. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Aug 61 1958 DEF _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jul 78 Law Establishing an 200nm EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Dec 78 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with Netherlands Antilles and Aruba EIF. Nov 80 Agreement Maritime boundary agreement with U.S. (Puerto Rico and St. Croix) EIF. Maritime boundary agreement with Dominican Republic EIF. Maritime boundary agreement with France (Guadeloupe and Martinique) EIF.

Jan 82

Agreement

Jan 83

Agreement

Jul 91 Agreement Agreement with Trinidad/Tobago EIF. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Apr 82 Voted against; did not sign. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINES LEGISLATION Following are excerpts from the text of the Presidential Decree of 10 July 1968 (with explanatory note) establishing the Venezuelan straight baseline system. Raul Leoni President of the Republic employing the attributions conferred on him by the National Constitution and in conformity with the Law of the Territorial Sea, Continental Shelf, Protection of Fishing and Air Space and with the Ratifying Law of the Convention of the Continental Shelf: Considering that Article Two of the Law of the Territorial Sea, Continental Shelf, Protection of Fishing and Air Space and Article Four and following of the Ratifying Law of the Convention on the Continental Shelf wherein the places were the conditions of the Continental seaboard and islands require it to foresee the drawing of straight base lines from which the Territorial Sea is measured: Considering that in various zones of the Venezuelan seaboard there exists geographic conditions requiring the initiation of the fixing of the said lines in sectors of the seaboard of the Republic, it is decreed: Article One The following straight base line is drawn in the sector of the Venezuelan seaboard embracing a point between the dividing line of the river Essequibo and Arguapiche Point in the Federal Territory Delta Amacuro from a point with the coordinates nine degrees, twenty seven minutes and thirty seconds of North Latitude and sixty degrees and fifty two minutes of West Longitude to another point with the coordinates eight degrees and twenty six minutes of North Latitude and fifty nine degrees, thirty four minutes and thirty seconds of West Longitude. Article Two The Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone corresponding to Venezuela in the sector is measured from the straight base line where it has been drawn and from the low tide line in the remainder of its length with the exception contained in Article Four. Article Three The rights of Sovereignty of Venezuela over the territorial waters whose restoration is claimed from Guyana are expressly reserved, that is to say, the strip three miles wide along the coasts of the territory included between the mouth of the River Essequibo and the mouth of the River Guainia as well as the interior waters in the said zone defined by the straight base line drawn in the present decree. Article Four The straight base line at the mouth of the River Essequibo will be in accordance with that of the neighboring state. Venezuelan Explanatory Note This decree of the National Executive according to official information has the following significance: the territorial sea of Venezuela is twelve miles wide in accordance with Venezuelan law and that of Guyana only three miles, that is to say, the band three miles measured from the seaboard of the territory in dispute corresponding at the moment to Guyana and the adjoining band of nine miles considered as the high sea by the State of Guyana. For Venezuela, as a consequence of its claim, the said band is Venezuelan territory in which her Sovereignty may be exercised but before making any material act of possession Venezuela must make public her title of dominion to the said sea. Also Venezuela can do it on the basis of the treatise of the straight base line in the zone and in accordance with Venezuelan law and international conventions. In this way, the Venezuelan State will be able to take concrete steps of dominion in relation, for example, to the oil concessions that the State of Guyana have conceded in this zone. U.S. Analysis The following comments regarding the Venezuelan straight baseline system are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 21, "Straight Baselines: Venezuela," 11 June 1970. The straight baseline extends 98.9 nautical miles and closes the delta of the Orinoco River. A Point, west of the middle of the line, is situated approximately 22 nautical miles from the nearest mainland. In contrast, the principal mouth of the Orinoco is over 30 nautical miles from the SBL. Point B has been selected approximately 26 miles east of Punta Playa, the coastal terminus of the current GuyanaVenezuela boundary. While Venezuela has laid claim to territory as far as the Essequibo River, Guyana rejects this claim (see International Boundary Study No. 21: British Guiana (Guyana) - Venezuela Boundary, March 14, 1963).

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The straight baseline does not depart, to any appreciable degree, from the general trend of the mainland coast as determined by small-scale charts. The waters enclosed by the SBL do not meet the legal definition of a bay. Moreover, the eastern terminal point is situated approximately 50 nautical miles to the east of the eastern natural entrance point for the Orinoco system as well as being 26 nautical miles beyond the existing international boundary. MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS VENEZUELA - DOMINICAN REPUBLIC The following is extracted from the Agreement between Venezuela and the Dominican Republic on the Delimitation of Marine and Submarine Areas, EIF January 1982. Article 1 The lines of maritime delimitation established by this Treaty constitute the boundaries between the Dominican Republic and the Republic of Venezuela of the continental shelves, exclusive economic zones, and any other marine or submarine areas which have been or may be established by the Parties, in conformity with international law. Article 2 The maritime delimitation between the Dominican Republic and Venezuela is determined by the geodetic lines that join the following points, identified by means of geographic coordinates. TABLE C1.T297. VENEZUELA - DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MARITIME BOUNDARY SECTOR A POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 LATITUDE NORTH 15 24' 48" 15 22' 45" 15 19' 04" 15 15' 50" 15 02' 08" 14 57' 52" LONGITUDE WEST 69 34' 38" 69 41' 50" 69 56' 18" 70 08' 09" 70 52' 50" 71 24' 19"

and from point 6, between Alto Velo (Dominican Republic) and the Los Monjes Archipelago (Venezuela), a constant true course following azimuth 270 68' or a course North 89 32' to another point where the delimitation must be made with a Third State. Article 4 It is understood by the two Governments that the Dominican Republic south of the said line and [Venezuela] north of it will neither claim nor exercise for any purpose sovereign rights or jurisdiction over the marine and submarine areas referred to in Article 1 of this Treaty. VENEZUELA - FRANCE (GUADELOUPE AND MARTINIQUE) The following is extracted from the Delimitation Treaty between the Government of the French Republic (Guadeloupe and Martinique) and the Government of the Republic of Venezuela, signed 17 July 1980, EIF January 1983. The Government of the Republic of Venezuela and the Government of the French Republic, desirous of strengthening neighborly relations and friendship between the two countries, aware of the need to delineate the economic zones located off the coast of their territory, basing themselves on the rules and principles of international law applicable to the matter and taking into consideration the work of the United Nations Third Conference on the Law of the Sea... have agreed as follows: Article 1 The maritime delineation line between [Venezuela] and the French Republic off the coast of Guadeloupe and Martinique is constituted by the meridian 62 48' 60".

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Article 3 The limit so defined constitutes the maritime boundary between the zones over which the Parties exercise or will exercise sovereign rights or their jurisdiction in accordance with international law. VENEZUELA - NETHERLANDS ANTILLES The following is extracted from the Boundary Delimitation Treaty between the Republic of Venezuela and the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Antilles), signed 31 March 1978, EIF December 1978. Article 1 1. The maritime delimitations lines set out in this Treaty constitute the boundaries between the Contracting Parties in respect to their territorial waters, continental shelves, exclusive economic zones and all other maritime or submarine areas that have been or may be established by the Parties in accordance with international law. Article 2 The maritime boundary lines between Venezuela and the Netherlands Antilles are as follows: TABLE C1.T298. VENEZUELA - NETHERLANDS ANTILLES MARITIME BOUNDARY VENEZUELA - NETHERLANDS ANTILLES MARITIME BOUNDARY SCHEDULE OF COORDINATES 1. SECTOR A.: BETWEEN THE WEST OF ARUBA AND VENEZUELAN TERRITORY 1.1. 1.2. From point No. 3, latitude 12 21' 00" N and longitude 70 25' 00" W, the meridian 70 25' 00" W From said point No. 2, an arc of maximum circumference To point No. 2, latitude 12 49' 00" N and longitude 70 25' 00" W. to point No. 1, latitude 15 24' 48" N and longitude 69 34' 38" W, or that point on said maximum circumference that represents the boundary with third nations.

2. SECTOR B: BETWEEN THE LEEWARD ISLANDS OF THE NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (ARUBA, BONAIRE, CURACAO) AND THE NORTH COAST OF VENEZUELA 2 1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6. 2.7. 2.8. From Point No.3, latitude 12 21' 00" N and longitude 70 25' 00" W, parallel 12 21' 00" N From said point No.4, an arc of maximum circumference From said point No. 5, an arc or maximum circumference From said point No. 6, an arc of maximum circumference From said point No. 7, an arc of maximum circumference From said point No. 8, an arc of maximum circumference From said point No. 9, an arc of maximum circumference From said point No. 10, parallel 11 40' 00" N To point No. 4, latitude 21 21' 00" N and longitude 70 09' 51" W. To point No. 5, latitude 12 21' 54" N and longitude 70 08' 25" W. To point No. 6, latitude 12 15' 46" N and longitude 69 44' 21" W. To point No. 7, latitude 11 52' 45" N and longitude 69 04' 45" W. To point No. 8, latitude 11 45' 30" N and longitude 68 57' 15" W. To point No. 9, latitude 11 44' 30" N and longitude 68 49' 45" W. To point No. 10, latitude 11 40' 00" N and longitude 68 36' 00" W. To point No. 11, latitude 11 40' 00" N and longitude 67 59' 23" W.

3. SECTOR C: BETWEEN BONAIRE AND VENEZUELAN TERRITORY 3.1. 3.2. From point No. 11, latitude 11 40' 00" N and longitude 67 59' 23" W, the meridian 67 59' 23" W From said point No. 12, an arc of maximum circumference To point No. 12, latitude 12 27' 00" N and longitude 67 59' 23" W. to point No. 13, latitude 15 14' 28" N and longitude 68 51' 44" W, or that point on said maximum circumference that represents the boundary with third nations.

4. SECTOR D: BETWEEN THE ISLANDS OF AVES, SABA AND SAINT EUSTATIUS 4.1. From point No. 15, latitude 16 40' 50" N and longitude 63 37' 50" W, an arc of maximum circumference to point No. 14, latitude 16 44' 49" N and longitude 64 01' 08" W, or that point on said maximum circumference that represents the

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VENEZUELA - NETHERLANDS ANTILLES MARITIME BOUNDARY SCHEDULE OF COORDINATES boundary with third nations. 4.2. From point No. 15, an arc of maximum circumference to point No. 16, latitude 16 40' 01" N and longitude 63 35' 20" W, or that point on said maximum circumference that represents the boundary with third nations.

VENEZUELA - TRINIDAD & TOBAGO The following is extracted from the Treaty between the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and the Republic of Venezuela on the Delimitation of Marine and Submarine Areas, signed 18 April 1990, EIF July 1991. Article 1 The maritime boundary between the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and the Republic of Venezuela referred to in this Treaty is the maritime boundary with respect to the territorial seas, the Continental Shelves and the Exclusive Economic Zones and to any other marine and submarine areas which have been or might be established by the Contracting Parties in accordance with International Law. Article 2 The delimitation lines with respect to the marine and submarine areas in the Caribbean, the Gulf of Paria, the Serpent's Mouth and the Atlantic Ocean are geodesics connecting the following geographical coordinates: TABLE C1.T299. VENEZUELA - TRINIDAD & TOBAGO MARITIME BOUNDARY VENEZUELA - TRINIDAD & TOBAGO BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 LATITUDE NORTH 11 10' 30" 10 54' 40" 10 54' 15" 10 48' 41" 10 47' 38" 10 42' 52" 10 35' 20" 10 35' 19" 10 02' 46" 10 00' 29" 09 59' 12" 09 59' 12" 09 58' 12" 09 52' 33" 09 50' 55" 09 49' 55" 09 53' 26" 09 57' 17" LONGITUDE WEST 61 43' 46" 61 43' 46" 61 43' 52" 61 45' 47" 61 46' 17" 61 48' 10" 61 48' 10" 61 51' 45" 62 04' 59" 61 58' 25" 61 51' 18" 61 37' 50" 61 30' 00" 61 13' 24" 60 53' 27" 60 39' 51" 60 16' 02" 59 59' 16"

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VENEZUELA - TRINIDAD & TOBAGO BOUNDARY POINT 19 20 21 LATITUDE NORTH 09 58' 11" 10 09' 59" 10 16' 01" LONGITUDE WEST 59 55' 21" 58 49' 12" 58 49' 12"

and from point 1 northerly in constant and true direction following the meridian 61 43' 46" West up to the point at which it meets the jurisdiction of a third State, and from point 21 along an azimuth of 067 degrees up to the outer limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone and thereafter towards point 22, with the following geographic coordinates: Latitude 11 24' 00" N and Longitude 56 06' 30" W which is situated approximately on the outer edge of the continental margin which delimits the national jurisdiction of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and of the Republic of Venezuela and the International Seabed Area which is the common heritage of mankind. VENEZUELA - U.S. (PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX) The agreement and the comments following are extracted from Limits in the Seas, No. 91, "Maritime Boundary: United States-Venezuela," 16 December 1980. Article 1 The sole purpose of this Treaty is to establish, in accordance with international law, the maritime boundary between the [U.S.] and the Republic of Venezuela. Article 2 The maritime boundary between the [U.S.] and Venezuela is determined by the geodetic lines connecting points 1-22, having the following coordinates: TABLE C1.T300. VENEZUELA - U.S. MARITIME BOUNDARY COORDINATES VENEZUELA - U.S. MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LATITUDE NORTH 16 44' 49" 16 43' 22" 16 43' 10" 16 42' 40" 16 41' 43" 16 35' 19" 16 23' 30" 15 39' 31" 15 30' 10" 15 14' 06" 14 55' 48" 14 56' 06" 14 58' 27" 14 58' 45" 14 58' 58" LONGITUDE WEST 64 01' 08" 64 06' 31" 64 06' 59" 64 08' 06" 64 10' 07" 64 23' 39" 64 45' 54" 65 58' 41" 66 07' 09" 66 19' 57" 66 34' 30" 66 51' 40" 67 04' 19" 67 05' 17" 67 06' 11"

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VENEZUELA - U.S. MARITIME BOUNDARY POINT 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 LATITUDE NORTH 14 59' 10" 15 02' 32" 15 05' 07" 15 10' 38" 15 11' 06" 15 12' 33" 15 12' 51" LONGITUDE WEST 67 07' 00" 67 23' 40" 67 36' 23" 68 03' 46" 68 09' 21" 68 27' 32" 68 28' 56"

and along an azimuth of 274.23 degrees true from point 22, in the event that the maritime boundary of the [U.S.] extends westward, until the tri-junction with a third State is reached. In no case shall this tri-junction point be further westward than latitude 15 14' 28" N longitude 68 51' 44" W. Article 4 It is understood by the two Governments that south of the maritime boundary the [U.S.] shall not, and north of the maritime boundary [Venezuela] shall not, for any purpose, claim or exercise sovereign rights or jurisdiction over the waters or seabed and subsoil. The establishment of this maritime boundary does not affect or prejudice in any manner the positions of either Government with respect to the sovereign rights or jurisdiction of either State, the rules of international law concerning the exercise of jurisdiction over the waters or seabed and subsoil, or any other matter relating to the law of the sea. U.S. Analysis The US-Venezuela maritime boundary begins in the east (point 1 on the [aforementioned] map) as a trijunction point among the Netherlands Antilles, the United States, and Venezuela; point 1 is approximately 67 nm from the respective territories. From point 1 to point 8 (130.72 nm in length) the boundary extends in a southwesterly direction between St. Croix to the north and Aves Island to the south. From point 8 to point 11 (55.64 nm in length) the course of the line bends in a south-southwesterly direction. At point 11 the boundary turns in a westnorthwest direction and continues for 112.34 nm to point 22. At point 12 the boundary reaches its maximum distance from the respective territories, measuring approximately 177.2 nm from Puerto Rico and Islas Los Roques.

688

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VIETNAM
SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Jan 80 Decree No. 30/C 12nm Foreign warships must seek permission to enter contiguous zone/territorial sea at least 30 days in advance; no more than three warships may be present in territorial sea at one time; before entering territorial sea or contiguous zone, ships must place weapons in non-operative positions. These requirements are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested in 1982 and conducted operational assertions in 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1999-2002. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Nov 82 Statement Established straight baselines and STRAIGHT BASELINES, & claimed substantial portion of Gulf of HISTORIC CLAIMS Tonkin as historic (internal) waters. Claimed territorial seas, contiguous zones, continental shelves, and EEZs for islands and archipelagoes beyond principal territorial sea. See LIS No. 99. These claims are not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claims in 1982 and 1987 and conducted operational assertions in 1996, 1998, 1999-2002. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE May 77 Statement 24nm Claim includes jurisdiction over security matters. This claim is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1982 and 2002. Jan 80 Decree No. 30/C In contiguous zone, submarines required to navigate on the surface and show flag; and aircraft prohibited from being launched from or taken aboard ships. Before entering territorial sea or contiguous zone, ships required to place weapons in non-operative positions.

These claims are not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF May 77 Statement CM/ 200nm _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ May 77 Statement 200nm EEZ. Fishing permits required for foreignflagged fishing in the EEZ. Foreign ships are not permitted in 500m safety zones around installations. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jan 80; Apr 90; Nov 90 Decree No. 30/C; Decree - Law; Decree No. 437/HDBT

689

Agreement with China on demarcation of territorial sea, EEZ and continental shelf in the Gulf of Tonkin. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ LOS CONVENTION Dec 82 Signed Convention. Ratified Convention, with Declaration reiterating claim of sovereignty over the disputed areas of the Hoang Sa (Paracels) and Truong Sa (Spratly) archipelagoes; and claiming the right to undertake effective measures for the management and defence of its continental shelf and maritime zones. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION Following is the text of the Declaration of the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam of 12 November 1982 establishing the straight baseline system. In furtherance of paragraph 1 of the declaration of May 12, 1977 of the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam concerning the territorial waters, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf which was already approved by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam hereby defines the baseline used to measure the width of the territorial waters of Vietnam: 1. The baseline used to measure the width of the territorial waters of the continental part of Vietnam is constituted by straight lines linking the points the coordinates of which are mentioned in the Annex enclosed in this declaration. 2. The baseline used to measure the width of the territorial waters of Vietnam going from point 0 - the meeting point of the two baselines used to measure the width of the territorial waters of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and that of the People's Republic of Kampuchea, located on the high sea and on a straight line linking the Tho Chu archipelago to the Poulo Wai Island -- to Con Co Island the coordinates of which are defined in the above-said Annex, is drawn on maps of the 1/100,000 scale of the Vietnam People's Navy published prior to 1979. 3. The Bac Bo Gulf is a gulf situated between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the People's Republic of China. The maritime frontier drawn in the gulf between Vietnam and China is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Delimitation of the Frontier between Vietnam and China signed on June 27, 1887 between France and the Qing Dynasty. The waters in the part of the gulf belonging to Vietnam constitute the historic waters pertaining to the juridical regime of the internal waters of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The baseline from Con Co Island to the opening of the gulf will be defined following the settlement of the question of the opening line of the gulf. Jul 94

Dec 2000

Agreement

690

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4. The baseline used to measure the width of the territorial waters of the Hoang Sa and Truong Sa Archipelagoes will be determined in an ensuing text in conformity with paragraph 5 of the declaration of May 12, 1977 of the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 5. The waters situated on this side of the baseline of the territorial waters facing the coast and islands of Vietnam form the internal waters of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 6. The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam will solve with the countries concerned through negotiations on the basis of mutual respect for each other's independence and sovereignty and in conformity with international law and practice the differences concerning the sea zones and the continental shelf of each country. Annex Coordinates of the Points on the Baseline for Measuring the Width of Vietnam's Territorial Waters TABLE C1.T301. VIETNAM STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM VIETNAM STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM POINT 0 A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 A.7 A.8 A.9 A.10 A.11 GEOGRAPHIC NAMES On the southwestern demarcation line of historic waters of the S.R.V. and the P.R. of Kampuchea At Hon Nhan Island, Tho Chu Archipelago, Kien Gian Province At Hon Da Island southeast of Hon Khoai Island, Minh Hai Province At Tai Lon Islet, Con Dao Islet in Con Dao-Vung Tau Special Sector At Bong Lai Islet, Con Dao Islet At Bay Canh Islet, Con Dao Islet At Hon Hai Islet (Phu Qui group of Islands), Thuan Hai Province At Hon Doi Islet, Thuan Hai Province At Dai Lanh point, Phu Khanh Province At Ong Can Islet, Phu Khanh Province At Ly Son Islet, Nghia Binh Province At Con Co Island, Binh Tri Thien Province 0915.0 0822.8 0837.8 0838'9 0839.7 0958.0 1239.0 1253.8 1354.0 1523.1 1710.0 10327.0 10452.4 10637.5 10640.3 10642.1 10905.0 10928.0 10927.2 10921.0 10909.0 10720.6 LATITUDE NORTH LONGITUDE EAST

MARITIME BOUNDARY AGREEMENTS VIETNAM - THAILAND The following is extracted from the Agreement between Vietnam and Thailand on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Thailand, signed 9 August 1997. Article 1 1. The maritime boundary between the Kingdom of Thailand and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the relevant part of their overlapping continental shelf claims in the Gulf of Thailand is a straight line drawn from Point C to Point K defined by latitude and longitude as follows:

691

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TABLE C1.T302. VIETNAM - THAILAND MARITIME BOUNDARY: GULF OF THAILAND POINT C K LATITUDE NORTH 07 degrees 48' 00".0000 08 degrees 46' 54". 7754 LONGITUDE EAST 103 degrees 02' 30".0000 102 degrees 12' 11".6542

2. Point C is the northernmost point of the Joint Development Area established by the Memorandum of Understanding between the Kingdom of Thailand and Malaysia on the Establishment of a Joint Authority for the Exploitation of the Resources of the Sea-Bed in a Defined Area of the Continental Shelf of the Two Countries in the Gulf of Thailand, done at Chiangmai on 21 February 1979, and which coincides with Point 43 of Malaysia's continental shelf claim advanced in 1979. 3. Point K is a point situated on the maritime boundary between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Kingdom of Cambodia which is the straight line equidistant from Tho Chu Islands and Poulo Wai drawn from Point 0 Latitude N 09 degrees 35'00".4159 and Longitude E 105 degrees 10'15".9805. 4. The coordinates of the points specified in the above paragraphs are geographical coordinates derived from the British Admiralty Chart No. 2414 which is attached as an Annex to this Agreement. The geodetic and computational bases used are the Ellipsoid Everest-1830-Indian Datum. 5. The maritime boundary referred to in Paragraph 1 above shall constitute the boundary between the continental shelf of the Kingdom of Thailand and the continental shelf of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, and shall also constitute the boundary between the exclusive economic zone of the Kingdom of Thailand and the exclusive economic zone of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 6. The actual location of the above Points C and K at sea and of the straight line connecting them shall, at the request of either Government, be determined by a method to be mutually agreed upon by the hydrographic experts authorized for this purpose by the two Governments.

692

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YEMEN, REPUBLIC OF
The Republic of Yemen was established on 22 May 1990 with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic (Sanaa) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (Aden). The laws of both composite States are given below. SUMMARY OF CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TYPE DATE SOURCE LIMITS NOTES _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TERRITORIAL SEA Apr 67 Republican Decree No. 12nm Foreign warships and nuclear-powered 15 (Sanaa) vessels must obtain permission prior to transiting territorial sea (including Bab al Mandab). The U.S. does not recognize these requirements. Jan 78 Act No. 45 of 1977: The Territorial Sea, the Exclusive Economic Zone, Continental Shelf and Other Maritime Zones Laws of 1977 (Aden) 12nm Foreign warships must obtain permission before transiting territorial sea; nuclearpowered vessels and vessels carrying nuclear and other radioactive materials must give prior notification. The U.S. does not recognize these requirements. Jul 87 Declaration upon Ratification of 1982 LOS Convention Yemen reiterated prior permission claim.

The U.S. does not recognize these requirements. Diplomatic protests were made in 1982 and 1986. Operational assertions have been made regularly from 1979 to 1990, 1995, and from 1997 to 1999. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARCHIPELAGIC, Jan 78 Act No. 45 of 1977 (Aden) Enabling legislation for straight baselines. STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTIGUOUS ZONE Apr 67 Republican Decree 18nm No. 15 (Sanaa) Jan 78 Act No. 45 of 1977 (Aden) 24nm Claim included jurisdiction over security.

This claim is not recognized by the U.S. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTINENTAL SHELF Apr 67 Republican Decree 200 m No. 16 (Sanaa) CM/ Claimed exclusive rights similar to those in 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FISHING ZONE/EEZ Jan 78 Act No. 45 of 1977 (Aden) 200nm EEZ. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MARITIME BOUNDARIES Ot 92 Agreement Maritime and land boundary agreement with Oman. Dec 99 Tribunal Award Boundary with Eritrea established. (Chartlet available on line at UNs LOS website; see Foreword for website information.) Jan 78 Act No. 45 of 1977 (Aden)

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