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Fashion Studies Watches

1) Wrist watches have evolved significantly from early timepieces like sundials, water clocks, and hourglasses. 2) Early wrist watches developed from transitional clock watches worn around the neck in the 16th century and flattened pocket watches in the 17th century. 3) The first purpose-built wristwatch was created in 1868 and mass-produced for men after World War 1 when trench watches popularized the design.

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Vishwesh Bandarkar
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140 views36 pages

Fashion Studies Watches

1) Wrist watches have evolved significantly from early timepieces like sundials, water clocks, and hourglasses. 2) Early wrist watches developed from transitional clock watches worn around the neck in the 16th century and flattened pocket watches in the 17th century. 3) The first purpose-built wristwatch was created in 1868 and mass-produced for men after World War 1 when trench watches popularized the design.

Uploaded by

Vishwesh Bandarkar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fashion Studies

TIME PIECES WRIST WATCHES

Submitted to Ms. Jasti Pooja FD Submitted by Vishwesh Bandarkar AD 4 Roll no: 5

Content
Brief history of timepieces Brief history of watches Brief history of wrist watches Category Material Application and Uses Popular brands Image glossary Bibliography

Brief history of timepieces


Earlier, Human use to predict time by observing position of sun in daylight, but there was no such method to find time in night time. Egyptian used large obelisks to track the movement of the Sun. They also developed water clocks. Other ancient timekeeping devices include the candle clock were found in 2000 B.C.; and used in China, Japan, England and Iraq. The time stick, were widely used in India and Tibet, as well as some parts of Europe; even Hour Glass were used for similar job as water clock. The earliest clocks relied on shadows cast by the sun, and hence were not useful in cloudy weather or at night and required recalibration as the seasons changed. The earliest known clock with a water-powered escapement mechanism, which transferred rotational energy into intermittent motions, which was found to 3rd century BC ancient Greece, Chinese engineers later invented clocks incorporating mercury-powered escapement mechanisms in the 10th century BC, followed by Arabic engineers inventing water clocks driven by gears and weights in the 11th century BC. Mechanical clocks were invented in Europe at the turn of the 14th century, and became the standard timekeeping device. The springpowered clock and pocket watch were invented and used in16th century. The pendulum clocks were invented in the 17th century. During the 20th century, quartz oscillators were invented, followed by atomic clocks. Due the quality of quartz like accuracy and easy to produce, it was widely used in time keeping devices, like wrist watches.

Brief history of watches


Clock watches
The first timepieces to be worn, made in 16th century Europe, were transitional in size between clocks and watches. These clock watches were either worn or tied to clothing using chains, and were usually worn around neck. Initially it was a kind of jewellery. These watches or clocks were heavy drum shaped cylindrical boxes, and it used have only hour hand. Their accuracy was very poor. And majorly used as ornamentations.

Pocket watches
The watches were worn in neck with chain; this styling was latterly changed in 17th century. Men started wearing the watches with waistcoat. To keep easily in pocket their shaped turned more flattened and less edgy. These watches were called as pocket watches. The shape was evolved due to the invention of main spring.

The balance spring


A great leap forward in accuracy occurred in 1657 with the addition of the balance spring to the balance wheel. The balance spring made the balance wheel a harmonic oscillator, due to which watches' accuracy increased enormously.

Chronometers
Chronometers were scientific instruments brought rapid advances to their mechanisms. The development during this period of accurate marine chronometers to determine longitude during sea voyages produced many technological advances that were later used in watches. The error of elasticity in balance spring with change in

temperature was corrected by the bimetallic temperature compensated balance wheel invented in 1765 by Pierre Le Roy and improved by Thomas Earnshaw.

Mass production, Better materials


Due to invention of various machine to produce various parts, mass production were started. Watches became more and more precise and accurate in time keeping with time, the mechanical design of the watch became standardized, and advances were made in better materials, tighter tolerances, and improved production methods.

Brief history of wrist watches


Patek Phillipe created the first wristwatch in 1868. In 1880, Constant Girard (Girard-Perregaux) developed a concept of wristwatches, made for German naval officers and ordered by Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany. Two-thousand watches were produced, which represents the first important commercialization of wristwatches for men; wristwatches were mostly worn by women until the First World War. In 1904, Brazilian aviator Alberto Santos Dumont asked his friend Louis Cartier to come up with an alternative that would allow him to keep both hands on the controls while timing his performances during flight. Cartier and his master watchmaker Edmond Jaeger soon came up with the first prototype for a man's wristwatch called the Santos wristwatch. The Santos first went on sale in 1911, the date of Cartier's first production of wristwatches. However, the pocket watch remained the favourite style among men until the First World War. During the war, soldiers needed access to their watches while their hands were full. They were issued wristwatches, called "trench watches", which were made with pocket watch movements, so they were large and bulky and had the crown at the 12 o'clock position like pocket watches. After the war, pocket watches went out of fashion, and by 1930, the ratio of wrist- to pocket watches was 50 to 1. The first successful self-winding system was invented by John Harwood in 1923.

Category
Wrist watches are firstly divided into Gender- Male / Female Age- >16, >25, >35, 40+, 60+ etc Life style Material Leather Metal Canvas Plastics Rubber Income Lower Middle Higher Luxury Shape Circle dial Square Unconventional Type Analogue Digital

Material
In Wrist Watches many different material is used for either making the mechanism or appearance. For Mechanism, material likes quartz crystal, main spring, and oscillator For Appearance, material likes Leather, Steel, Stainless Steel, Gold, Silver, Canvas, Plastic, Rubber straps. Majorly Leather straps are commonly used in all types of watches.

Application and Uses


The main application of a wrist watch is to keep time, but recent technological development has changed the use of it completely. Today wrist watches just dont only tell time and date but also tell you latitude longitude, direction. Now even it has features like stop watches, alarm, mp3 player, camera, touch screen. Now even the cell phone has taken the shape of a wrist watches. Wrist watch has now left not only to keep time, to do all such amazing thing.

Popular brands
Adidas

Armani

Baby-G

Bvlgari

Calvin klein-ck

casio

Citizen

Diesel

Dior

DKNY

Dolce & Gabbana

Ed Hardy

Fossil

Fastrack

G- Shock

Lacoste

Omega

Puma

Piaget

Rolex

Seiko

Timex

Titan

Ulysse nardin

And many more

Image glossary
A
Atomic clocks
Its an extremely accurate electronic clock regulated by the resonance frequency of atoms or molecules of certain substances, as caesium.

Analogue

Analogue is type of mechanism which basics works with gears and gives moment to the hour, minute and second hand

Alarm
Alarm is a feature in digital watches.

balance spring
Balance spring is made of spring steel and stores force to give power to gears.

balance wheel
It is a weighted wheel that rotates back and forth, being returned toward its centre position by balance spring

Candle clock

Its a usual candle with marking which denotes time.

a timepiece or timing device with a special mechanism for ensuring and adjusting its accuracy, for use in determining longitude at sea or for any purpose where very exact measurement of time is required.

Canvas
A Strap Made from Canvas

Circle dial

A dial in a circular shape

Camera
A feature in a wrist watch

Digital
a watch that displays the time in numerical digits rather than by hands on a dial.

Direction

Its a feature in a watch which can show and guide u to find places

Hour Glass

An instrument for measuring time, consisting of two bulbs of glass joined by a narrow passage through which a quantity of sand or mercury runs in just an hour.

Leather strap
Its a wrist watch strap made of leather.

latitude longitude
It is a feature which tells u latitude and longitude.

mp3 player
Its an IPOD which is attached to a wrist strap and works as a wrist watch.

mercury-powered escapement mechanisms

Its a drawing of a mercury powered mechanism clock. It works on viscosity of the mercury with gravity

Metal strap
Its a strap made out of metal.

A tapering, four-sided shaft of stone, usually monolithic and having a pyramidal apex

pocket watch
a watch that is attached to a chain to hock on the clothes

pendulum clocks

a watch having a balance wheel, especially a balance wheel bearing a fake pendulum bob oscillating behind a window in the dial.

Plastics straps
Straps made from plastic

Quartz

one of the commonest minerals, silicon dioxide, SiO 2 , having many varieties that differ in color, luster, etc., and occurring either in masses (as agate, bloodstone, chalcedony, jasper, etc.) or in crystals (as rock crystal, amethyst, citrine, etc.): the chief constituent of sand and sandstone, and an important constituent of many other rocks. It is piezoelectric and used to control the frequencies of radio transmitters.

Rubber strap
Strap made of rubber

Spring-powered clock

Clock which is powered by Balance Spring.

Santos wristwatch

the first prototype for a man'sl wristwatch called the Santos wristwatch.

Square dial

The Dials shape is square

stop watch
Its a feature which can count time in seconds, minutes and hours

time stick

Its a kind of Incense stick which has marking on it which denotes time

trench watches
Watches made during First world war

touch screen.

Watch having touch screen.

Unconventional shape

The shape of Dial in not common

water clocks

The clock which works on flowing water

water-powered escapement mechanism water clocks driven by gears and weights

The clock which works with weights and the principal on Gravity

Bibliography http://www.ablogtoread.com/a-brief-history-of-watches/ http://www.swisstimemachine.co.uk/ http://wristwatches.com/the-history-of-wrist-watches-and-howthey-became-so-popular/ http://www.thewatchhut.co.uk/ http://www.swisstimemachine.co.uk/information/history-ofwatches/rolex-history http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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