Information and Communications Technology

SMK Cheras Perdana

Name Class Teacher

: Cheah Yee Yang : 5 Bestari : Pn. Syazrah

1.0 Introduction

The purpose of a computer communications network is to allow moving information from one point to another inside a network. The information can be stored on a device, such as a personal computer (PC) inside a network; it could be generated live from outside the network, such as speech, or can be generated by a process on another piece of information, such as automatic sales transactions at the end of a business day. The device does not necessarily have to be a computer, it could be a hard disk, a camera or even a printer in the network. Due to a large variety of information to be moved and the fact that each has its own conditions of intelligibility, the computer has turned into a highly complex system. Specialised knowledge from many areas of science and engineering goes into the design of networks. It is practically impossible for a single area of science and engineering to be responsible for the design of all components. Therefore, studies in computer networks have branched into many areas as we go up from the fundamentals to the advanced levels.

2.1 Mobile Computing Using a computing device while in transit. Mobile computing implies wireless transmission, but wireless transmission does not necessarily imply mobile computing. Fixed wireless applications use satellites, radio systems and lasers to transmit between permanent objects such as building sand towers.

2.2 Specification, services, and frequencies of Mobile Computing

3.0

Internet Technology And Services 3.1 VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications over IP (internet protocol) networks such as the Internet or other packetswitched networks. Other terms frequently encountered and synonymous with VoIP are IP telephony service, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony and broadband phone. As of 2011, VoIP in Malaysia is mostly used by ISP Telekom Malaysias Unifi package users.

3.2

Blogs

A blog (a blend of the term web log) is a type of website or part of a website. Blogs are usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. Blog can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog. Most blogs are interactive, allowing visitors to leave comments and even message each other via widgets on the blogs and it is this interactivity that distinguishes them from other static websites. Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images, and links to other blogs, Web pages, and other media related to its topic. The ability of readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (art blog), photographs (photoblog), videos (video blogging), music (MP3 blog), and audio (podcasting). Microblogging is another type of blogging, featuring very short posts. As of 6th February 2011, there were over 153 million public blogs in existence. Among the popular blog hosting sites are Blogger, WordPress, Tumblr, and Xanga.

Picture: An example of a blog hosted using WordPress engine.

4.0 Types of Network

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices, including telephones and personal digital assistants, in proximity to an individual's body. The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters. PANs can be used for communication among the personal devices themselves (intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet (an uplink). Personal area networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and FireWire. A wireless personal area network (WPAN) can also be made possible with wireless network technologies such as IrDA, Bluetooth, UWB, Z-Wave and ZigBee.

4.2 Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A virtual private network (VPN) is a computer network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure such as the Internet to provide remote offices or individual users with secure access to their organization's network. It aims to avoid an expensive system of owned or leased lines that can be used by only one organization. It encapsulates data transfers using a secure cryptographic method between two or more networked devices which are not on the same private network so as to keep the transferred data private from other devices on one or more intervening local or wide area networks. There are many different classifications, implementations, and uses for VPNs. Among popular VPNs in service in Malaysia includes BolehVPN, VPNFreak, and XLCore.

4.3 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices using some wireless distribution method (typically spread-spec rumour OFDM radio), and usually providing a connection through an access point to the wider internet. This gives users the mobility to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the network. Wireless LANs have become popular in the home due to ease of installation, and the increasing popularity of laptop computers. Public businesses such as coffee shops and malls have begun to offer wireless access to their customers; often for free. Large wireless network projects are being put up in many major cities: New York City, for instance, has begun a pilot program to provide city workers in all five boroughs of the city with wireless Internet access. In Malaysia, there are many WiFi hotspots available. Penang is the first state is the country to be able to broadcast free wireless internet state-wide.

4.4 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a telecommunications protocol that provides fixed and mobile Internet access. The current WiMAX revision provides up to 40 Mbit/s
[1][2]

with the IEEE 802.16m update expected to offer up to 1 Gbit/s fixed speeds. The name

"WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL".

5.0 Conclusion

It is safe to admit that development in computer and communications networking has made our lives easier and has enabled us to connect with people from across the globe in a split second. We should be grateful to be able to access what technological advances these days have to offer.

References
http://cdn.techpp.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/flowvpn.jpg http://www.shaolintiger.com/ http://www.gsmarena.com/htc_desire-3077.php https://www.feskosystems.com/images/wlan.gif http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX http://www.bolehvpn.net/ http://www.travelizmo.com/archives/000146.html http://www.yenra.com/how-voip-works/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/9/18/nation/20080918201219&sec=nati on