NIKKISO CRYOGENIC PUMP

2
NIKKISO

CRYOGENIC PUMP
NIKKISO - Worlds Leading Manufacturer of Specialty Pumps
Nikkiso Co., Ltd. is a Japanese pump manufacturer with five
factories, 1400 employees and net sales over $450 million.
The company has hal f cent ury of experi ence i n t he
centrifugal pump business since 1953 of which after 1982
were specifically with submerged electric motor pumps for
cryogenic liquefied gases.
Nikkiso began manufacturing cryogenic pumps in 1982 for
applications in Japan and Asia. This was expanded in 1987
when they purchased sole and exclusive (but excluding USA.
Canada and Mexico) rights to the cryogenic submerged
electric motor pump business from J.C. Carter. At that time,
all the Carter engineering, manufacturing, test, developments,
and design data and procedures were transferred to Nikkiso.
Since then, Nikkiso has made substantial improvements over
the original design which have been incorporated into all the
pumps currently manufactured by Nikkiso.
Nikkiso constructed its Las Vegas factory and cryogenic
test facility in 1997. This expansion enable pumps to be
performance tested at full flow and power using LNG, LN2,
LPG, Ethane or Butane.
The affiliation with Carter was terminated in its entirely in
January 2000 giving Nikkiso the right to extend its sales rights
to include the USA, Canada, and Mexico.
HISTORY OF NIKKISO CRYOGENIC PUMP
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NIKKISO

CRYOGENIC PUMP
Control of Bearing Loads
It is well known that lightly loaded bearings have longer lives. To achieve this, Nikkiso pumps
include design features that neutralize these loads.
Radial Force Balance by Symmetrical Diffuser Geometry
Properly proportioned diffuser vanes eliminate radial loads on the bearings thus assuring long bearing
life.
Radial Force Balance By Eliminating Hydraulic Instability
Flow separation from the diffuser vanes can occur at low flow rates resulting in hydraulic
instability (called rotating stall) with fluctuating radial loads on the bearings. Nikkiso
eliminates these forces by careful matching of the diffuser and impeller.
Axial Force Balance
All Nikkiso pumps incorporate a balance drum mechanism that is a reliable and simple method of
hydraulically nullifying all axial (thrust) loads on the bearings over the entire operating range of the
pump.
Exceptional NPSH Performance
Low solidity Fan type inducers having high
suction specific speeds provide excellent low
suction pressure performance over a wide flow
range. The transparency of the inducer minimizes
the effect of pressure shock on the pump that
occurs during pump start up or emergency valve
shut down.
Safe and Reliable Electrical
Connections
Dual Ceramic seal electrical penetration proven
in nuclear industry has a perfect 25 year record
of no leaks. Every unit is factory leak tested with
helium.
Field Service
Worldwide service network with factory approved
service centers in Europe, USA, and Japan.
Proven Quality Assurance
ISO 9001 and 14001 certified
Design has been reviewed and approved by Lloyds Register of Shipping, Bureau Veritas, Det Norske
Veritas, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, ABS, and U.S. Coast Guard
RELIABILITY AND LONG LIFE OF NIKKISO PUMPS ARE ASSURED BY:
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NIKKISO

CRYOGENIC PUMP
C O N S T R U C T I O N
Accelerometer (optional)
Ball bearing
Motor shaft
Cryogenic submerged motor
Balance Drum
Diffuser
Impeller
Inducer
Balances thrust load over entire
operating range.
Smooth transition from Impeller to
Diffuser without change in flow pattern.
Provides stable NPSH characteristic
over a wide flow range.
Suction pot
SUCTION VESSEL MOUNTED
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NIKKISO

CRYOGENIC PUMP
Accelerometer (optional)
Ball bearing
Motor shaft
Cryogenic submerged moter
Balance Drum
Diffuser
Impeller
Inducer
Foot valve
Balances thrust load over entire
operating range.
Smooth transition from Impeller to
Diffuser without change in flow pattern.
Provides stable NPSH characteristic
over a wide flow range.
Column
REMOVABLE
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NIKKISO

CRYOGENIC PUMP
DESIGN & RELIABILITY FEATURES
Impeller
Diffuser Vane
Diffuser
Pump shaft
Rotor assembly
Bearing
Bearing housing
Fixed orifice
Balance drum
Variable orifice
(in operation)
IN OPERATION
Baffle plate
Circulation fluid
RADIAL BALANCE
Imbalance of radial forces reduces bearing life. NIKKISO
CRYOGENIC pumps eliminate both hydraulic and mechanical
imbalance. In NIKKISO CRYOGENIC pumps the diffuser
is symmetrical with the fluid which exits the impeller being
received by the axial diffuser with perfect hydraulic symmetry
at all flow conditions. In contrast, conventional pumps
depend on an asymmetrical scroll diffuser which has variable
radial loads with different flow conditions. In the case of
conventional volute casing pumps, the radial reaction force
working on the impeller is theoretically zero at the design flow
point. During an off-design high or low flow, however, an
out-of-balance condition develops in the pressure distribution
inside the volute, producing a radial reaction force. The
mechanical balance is assured by symmetry and exacting
dynamic balancing at the factory.
AXIAL THRUST BALANCE
NIKKISO CRYOGENIC pumps utilize an automatic
axial thrust balancing mechanism which equalies
pressures to produce zero net thrust from the rotating
element. This is accomplished with a variable axial
throttle which controls the pressure on the balance
drum. Increasing discharge pressure is utilized to
increase the counteracting force below the balance
drum. During performance testing of NIKKISO
CRYOGENIC pumps, axial thrust forces are measured
to assure no load is being taken by the bearings.
Balance - the key to longevity and reliability
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NIKKISO

CRYOGENIC PUMP
EFFICIENCY
The key element in pump efficiency is the fluid
dynamics of accelerating the fluid in the impeller
passages and recovery of pressure in the diffuser.
Although the impeller is rotating, the impeller
hydraulics are symmetrical and the fluid flows
smoothly through the impeller passages. The
diffuser must receive the fluid in a smooth
transition with a minimum of discontinuity and
turbulence. NIKKISO CRYOGENIC pumps use
axial vane diffusers which provide symmetry and
smooth transitions. The symmetry eliminates radial
thrust. The radial axial flow transition minimizes
the shear between the impeller discharge and the
discharged fluid at all flow rates.
CONDITION MONITORING
Pump vibration is an excellent means to monitor pump condition and operation. Piezoelectric detectors
measure accelerations directly and, with signal conditioning, provide velocity and displacement
amplitude data. This sensor is small and can be installed inside the pump, directly mounted on
the bearing housings. Conditions of internal parts and the extent of wear are determined by trend
monitoring and frequency analysis. Eddy Current Displacement gauges measure axial pump shaft
vibration. Two cells oriented at 90 degrees monitor bearing
wear and shaft motion under both stable and severe operating
conditions during starting or stopping. Data can be used to
improve operations and extend pump life.
As a result of NIKKISOs research and development and
through NIKKISOs service organization, operating personnel
can be trained to interpret the data acquired from condition
monitoring. NIKKISO research has correlated monitoring
specific vibration modes with specific operating and wear
conditions. Condition monitoring and trend analysis has the
potential to provide more complete diagnostic information
on an operating pump than physical inspection of the
disassembled pump. This facilitates optimum timing of
maintenance considering factors of reliability, operations and
costs. Condition monitoring permits scheduling maintenance
only when essential and indicates the need for immediate
maintenance to prevent outage. Ultimately, this unique service
saves money through longer, more efficient pump life and
strategically planned maintenance.
Diffusers with high fluid efficiency can be designed
by optimizing the design parameters, such as the vane
angle (), the diffuser inlet area (d1), and the diffuser
area ratio (d2/d1).
.05
.04
.03
.02
.01
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
(m)
(G)
SUBMERGENCE
d2
d1

Diffuser vane
OPTIMUM DESIGN OF AXIAL VANE DIFFUSER
0 20000 16000 12000 8000 4000
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
(H)
Abnormal level
Caution level
T1
T3
T2
(mm)
HOURS
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NIKKISO

CRYOGENIC PUMP
CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
With the user in mind NIKKISO has designed the pumps for simplicity, low weight and easy assembly.
Aluminium alloy is used for the casing, impeller and other parts. Lightweight easy-to-handle
aluminium alloy contributes significantly to facilitating maintenance work.
Because of the simplicity of the construction and a minimum number of parts, disassembly and
reassembly can be done in a short time. The features include a stepless pump shaft, colleted impeller
free of keys and bolts, and monolithic diffuser (casting assembly consisting of sleeve bearing and the
casing).
COOL-DOWN and WARM-UP TIME
Before operating the pump, the entire pump must be cooled down. Because of its smaller heat capacity,
aluminium alloy shortens the time required for cool-down or warm-up, thereby making the maintenance
work more efficient. Cool down liquid losses are also reduced.
SERVICE ORGANIZATION
Nikkiso has a worldwide service network with factory approved service centers in Europe, USA, and
Japan.
Service in Asia and India is provided through a Nikkiso subsidiary company Nikkiso Ryuki Techno
Co. with full time engineers based at Nikkisos Higashimurayama (Tokyo) plant where close contact
is maintained with the primary design engineering and manufacturing staff. Service in USA and South
America is provided through Nikkiso Cryo, Inc. based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA which is a full
design, manufacturing, and test facility staffed with engineers as well as assembly and test technicians
while service in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East is provided through Nikkiso Cryo. Europe based
in London, UK.
DUAL TERMINAL HEADER
Liquid side
terminal header
Intermediate chamber
(N
2 charged or purged.)
Atmospheric side
terminal header
Atmospheric
side
Liquid side
CERAMIC SEAL TERMINAL HEADER
DOUBLE SAFETY CONSTRUCTION: A key
safety feature for submerged motor pumps is the
sealing of the electrical connections. The electrical
terminal header is designed to withstand high pressure
and electrical surges. NIKKISO CRYOGENIC
Pumps use a ceramic gas seal terminal and dual
header seal which ensures the highest reliability.
FEATURES INCLUDE: All seals are either
welded or soldered using special welding techniques
NIKKISO developed for canned motor pumps. The
ceramic gas seal was developed by NIKKISO for
nuclear pumps. The ceramic gas seal has an excellent
record of extended leak free operation. The gas seal
header uses two terminals installed in series with an
intermediate chamber charged with N2 gas. A leak
of either seal will not allow gas to pass through the
header. By setting the N2 charge pressure below
the pump pressure but above atmospheric pressure,
leakage of either seal is readily detected.
Tig Weld
Solder
Cover
High
Pressure
Side
Low
Pressure
Side
CERAMIC GAS SEALING TERMINAL
Terminal plate
(stainless steel)
Terminal pin (Copper)
Ceramic
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NIKKISO

CRYOGENIC PUMP
I N S T A L L A T I O N O P T I O N S
REMOVABLE
Removable pumps offer the advantage of overhead
withdrawal plus replacement without taking the tank out
of service. The pump operates at the bottom of the column
through which it is installed and removed. The column
provides the fluid discharge and electrical connections.
The pump is seated on a conical seated foot valve adapter
at the bottom of the column. The weight of the pump
opens the spring loaded foot valve. When the weight
of the pump is removed, the foot valve closes. The
additional advantages of this type of installation include
less external piping and no penetrations below the tank
liquid level.
FOOT VALVE OPEN
FIXED CARGO
The Fixed Cargo type of pump is used on liquefied gas carriers and is
mounted on the bottom of the cargo tank or is suspended by the discharge
pipe inside the cargo tank. This approach allows liquid overhead withdrawal
where bottom tank penetrations are not feasible or desired. These pumps
are used mainly for cargo unloading. This approach is designed to withstand
tough cargo pump service with simplicity and minimum cost.
SUCTION VESSEL MOUNTED
Suction Vessel Mounted pumps are an integral part of the piping typically
mounted between piping flanges with external suction and discharge
connections. The pump is mounted on a blind flange such that primary
pressure barriers between the fluid product and outside environment are
totally contained within the pressure vessel. Shaft seals are eliminated.
The pump inlet is below the suction vessel inlet which allows source tank
liquid levels to be lowered to a minimum. The suction vessel may also
serve to remove entrained vapors. Removal of the pump requires only
that the suction and discharge valves be closed with subsequent purging
of the suction vessel. The pump is then removed by unbolting the top
flange.
FOOT VALVE CLOSED
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NIKKISO

CRYOGENIC PUMP
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PUMP SELECTION
NIKKISO will select pump components to meet all combinations of flow and pressure conditions.
Optimum pump capacities are accomplished by selecting high efficiency impellers for flow rates and
selecting the number of stages to meet pressure requirements.
Pump Model Designations are:
L X
MODEL
INDICATION:
PUMP DESIGN NO. NUMBER
OF
STAGES
TYPE
R: REMOVABLE
P: POT
F: FIXED
MOTOR kW MOTOR WINDING
CONSTRUCTION
F: FORMED
R: RANDOM
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE OF NIKKISO-CRYOGENIC PUMPS
MOTOR SELECTION - FEATURES AND OPTIONS
Type: Submerged, 3 -phase induction motor
Frequency: 50/60Hz
Voltage: 200/400/3000/3300/6000/6600V, etc.
No. of Poles: 2/4
Time Rating: Continuous
Windings: Formed wound/random wound.
Insulation: Vacuum pressure impregnation using
special cryogenic varnish, class F.
Starting: Full voltage start (standard)
Optional Reduced voltage VFD
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NIKKISO

CRYOGENIC PUMP
TESTING
Nikkiso has the ability to perform cryogenic pump testing at either of its two test facilities depeding
on the fluid being pumped. The Higashimurayama facility can test with LN2 whereas the Las Vegas
facility can perform tests on LN2, LNG, and LPG. Full flow and power tests can be conducted at full
or variable speeds and with voltages up to 6,600 volts. Full instrumentation permits performance
and NPSH tests to be conducted and pump condition can be determined with vibration and shaft lift
monitoring.
Factories: Tokyo, Shizuoka, Kanazawa, JapanInternational: Germany, China, Singapore
NIKKISO CRYO, INC.
4661 Eaker Street, Las Vegas, NV 89031, U.S.A.
Tel: +1-702-643-4900 Fax: +1-702-643-0391
Tel: +49-7152-14-0 Fax: +49-7152-14-1303
LEWA GmbH
Telephone: +81-42-392-3548Facsimile: +81-42-392-3549
Catalog No.2079 March,2011 Printed in Japan 2009.11.100(Y)
Cryogenic Pump Department: 2-16-2, Noguchi-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-8520, Japan
Nikkiso Cryo Department: Ulmer Strae 10, 71229 Leonberg, Germany