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Thyristor Control Question

This document discusses controlling the power supplied to a resistive heating element using a thyristor circuit. It includes: 1) Deriving expressions for the average voltage and power delivered to the heating element in terms of the thyristor firing angle. 2) Estimating the firing angle required to deliver an average power of 500W. 3) Calculating the maximum and minimum power delivered when the supply voltage and frequency vary within specified tolerances, given a firing angle of 45 degrees. The maximum power is 524W and minimum is 439W under the stated variations in supply voltage and frequency.

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177 views3 pages

Thyristor Control Question

This document discusses controlling the power supplied to a resistive heating element using a thyristor circuit. It includes: 1) Deriving expressions for the average voltage and power delivered to the heating element in terms of the thyristor firing angle. 2) Estimating the firing angle required to deliver an average power of 500W. 3) Calculating the maximum and minimum power delivered when the supply voltage and frequency vary within specified tolerances, given a firing angle of 45 degrees. The maximum power is 524W and minimum is 439W under the stated variations in supply voltage and frequency.

Uploaded by

Anonymous TJRX7C
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thyristor power control exam question

The power supplied to a 50IO resistive heating element driven from a single-phase 230IV,
50IHz supply is controlled by a thyristor, which operates with a variable firing angle |. The
circuit arrangement is shown in the diagram below:


a) For a thyristor firing angle | = 45
o
, sketch the waveforms of the voltage across and power
delivered to the heating element.

b) Derive general algebraic expressions for the average voltage and power supplied to the
heating element in terms of |.

c) Estimate the firing angle required for the heating element to be supplied with an average
power of 500W.

d) The circuit is operated with a firing angle | = 45
o
, which is obtained using a timer
triggered from the supply voltage zero-crossing point and calibrated for a 50IHz supply. In
practice the supply voltage magnitude is maintained within 4% and the frequency within
3% of the nominal values. Calculate the maximum and minimum value of power supplied to
the heating element.


230 V,
50 Hz
heating
element
thyristor
Solution
a)


b)
average voltage =
1
2
2 2
1
t
e e
t
e
t
|
|
t
|
t
V t d t
V
t
V
pk
pk pk
.sin( ). ( )
[ cos( )] [ cos ]
}
= = +



)] 2 sin( [
4
)] 2 sin( [
4
) ( }. 2 cos 1 {
4
) ( .
)} sin( . {
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
2 2
| | t
t
e e
t
e e
t
e
e
t
t
|
t
|
t
|
+ = =

} }
R
V
t t
R
V
t d t
R
V
= t d
R
t V
= power average
pk pk
pk pk


c)
From the previous part:
average power =
V
R
pk
2
1
2
4
2
t
t | | [ sin( )] +

where V
pk
= 230 * \2 = 325 V ; R = 50 O

Try some trial values of |:

voltage and power vs time
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360
wt (degrees)
v
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
;

p
o
w
e
r

(
W
)

(
W
)

| (degrees)
power(W)
0.000 529.000
30.000 513.747
40.000 494.358
35.000 505.254
37.000 501.193
38.000 499.014
37.500 500.116
37.600 499.898
37.550 500.007
37.560 499.985
37.555 499.996

d)
From part b):
average power =
V
R
pk
2
1
2
4
2
t
t | | [ sin( )] +

With V
pk
= 230 * \2 = 325 V ; R = 50 O ; | = 45
o
,
average power = 480 W

The average power is proportional to the square of the supply voltage, so maximum voltage
corresponds to maximum power, minimum voltage corresponds to minimum power.

For the firing angle control, if the supply frequency is lower than the expected 50 Hz, the
fixed (2.5 ms) timer produces a firing angle less than 45
o
, but if the frequency is higher, then
the firing angle is larger than 45
o
. The firing angle is proportional to the frequency error, so
the maximum firing angle = 45*1.03 = 46.35
o
and minimum firing angle = 45*0.97 = 43.65
o
.
Substituting these values into the average power expression:

power (W) supply voltage (V)
220.8 230 239.2
f
i
r
i
n
g

a
n
g
l
e

(
d
e
g
r
e
e
s
)
43.65 446.8 484.8 524.4
45 443.2 480.9 520.2
46.35 439.5 476.9 515.8

From which:
maximum power = 524 W ; minimum power = 439 W

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