Timeline of Cluster Munition Use

Date 1943 1943 1965-1975 1973 1975-1988 1978 1979-1989 1982 1982 1983 1983 1986-1987 1991 1991 1992-1994 1992-1994 1992-1995 1992-1997 1994-1996 1995 1996-1999 1997 1998 1998-1999 1998-2003 1999 2001- 2002 Unknown 2003 2006 2006 2008 USSR United Kingdom Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam Syria Western Sahara Lebanon Afghanistan Lebanon Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Grenada Lebanon Chad Saudi Arabia Iraq & Kuwait Angola Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan Bosnia & Herzegovina Tajikistan Chechnya Croatia Sudan Sierra Leone Ethiopia & Eritrea Albania DR Congo Yugoslavia (including Serbia, Montenegro, and Kosovo) Afghanistan Uganda Iraq Lebanon Israel Georgia Location(s) Known Details Soviet forces used air-dropped cluster munitions against German armor. German forces used SD-1 and SD-2 butterfly bombs against artillery on the Kursk salient. German aircraft dropped more than 1,000 SD-2 butterfly bombs on the port of Grimsby. According to an analysis of US bombing data by Handicap International, approximately 80,000 cluster munitions, containing 26 million submunitions, were dropped on Cambodia between 1969 and 1973; over 414,000 cluster bombs, containing at least 260 million submunitions, were dropped on Laos between 1965 and 1973; and over 296,000 cluster munitions, containing nearly 97 million submunitions, were dropped in Vietnam between 1965 and 1975. Israel used air-dropped cluster munitions against non-state armed group (NSAG) training camps near Damascus. Moroccan forces used cluster munitions against NSAG. Israel used cluster munitions in southern Lebanon. Soviet forces used air-dropped and rocket-delivered cluster munitions. NSAG also used rocket-delivered cluster munitions on a smaller scale. Israel used cluster munitions against Syrian forces and NSAG in Lebanon. UK aircraft dropped cluster munitions on Argentinean infantry positions near Port Stanley, Port Howard, and Goose Green. US Navy aircraft dropped 21 Rockeye bombs during close air support operations. US Navy aircraft dropped 12 CBU-59 and 28 Rockeye bombs against Syrian air defense units near Beirut in Lebanon. French aircraft dropped cluster munitions on a Libyan airfield at Wadi Doum. Libyan forces also used AO-1SCh and PTAB-2.5 submunitions. Saudi Arabian and US forces used artillery-delivered and air-dropped cluster munitions against Iraqi forces during the battle of Khafji. The US, France, and the UK dropped 61,000 cluster bombs containing some 20 million submunitions. The number of cluster munitions delivered by surface-launched artillery and rocket systems is not known, but an estimated 30 million or more dual purpose improved conventional munitions (DPICM) submunitions were used in the conflict. PTAB submunitions found in various locations. Submunition contamination has been identified in at least 162 locations in Nagorno-Karabakh. Submunition types cleared by deminers include PTAB-1, ShOAB-0.5, and AO-2.5. There are also reports of contamination in other parts of occupied Azerbaijan, adjacent to NagornoKarabakh. Forces of Yugoslavia and NSAG used cluster munitions during civil war. NATO aircraft dropped two CBU-87 bombs. ShOAB and AO-2.5RT submunitions have been found in the town of Gharm in the Rasht Valley, used by unknown forces in civil war. Russian forces used cluster munitions against NSAG. On May 2-3, 1995, an NSAG used Orkan M-87 multiple rocket launchers to conduct attacks in the city of Zagreb. Additionally, the Croatian government claimed that Serb forces used BL-755 bombs in Sisak, Kutina, and along the Kupa River. Sudanese government forces used air-dropped cluster munitions in southern Sudan, including Chilean made PM-1 submunitions. Nigerian ECOMOG peacekeepers used BLG-66 Beluga bombs on the eastern town of Kenema. Ethiopia and Eritrea exchanged aerial cluster munition strikes. Ethiopia attacked Asmara airport and Eritrea attacked Mekele airport. Ethiopia also dropped BL-755 bombs in Gash-Barka province in Eritrea. Yugoslav forces used rocket-delivered cluster munitions in disputed border areas and NATO forces carried out six aerial cluster munition strikes. BL-755 bombs used by unknown forces in Kasu village in Kabalo territory. The US, UK, and Netherlands dropped 1,765 cluster bombs containing 295,000 submunitions. The US dropped 1,228 cluster bombs containing 248,056 submunitions. RBK-250/275 bombs and AO-1SCh submunitions found in the northern district of Gulu. The US and UK used nearly 13,000 cluster munitions containing an estimated 1.8 to 2 million submunitions in the three weeks of major combat. Israeli forces used surface-launched and air-dropped cluster munitions against Hezbollah. The UN estimates that Israel used up to 4 million submunitions. Hezbollah fired more than 100 Chinese-produced Type-81 122mm cluster munition rockets into northern Israel. Russian and Georgian forces both use cluster munitions during August 2008 conflict. Submunitions found so far by deminers include airdropped AO-2.5 RTM and rocket delivered 9N210 and M85. Dispensers Air-Launched Rockets and Missiles No Self-Destruct DPICM Artillery Projectile Self-Destructing Type

Types of Cluster Munitions in Global Stockpiles

DPICM Artillery Projectile No Self-Destruct

Bahrain*, Belgium*, Bosnia & Herzegovina*, Canada*, China, Egypt, Germany*, Greece, Honduras*, Israel, Italy*, Japan*, Jordan, South Korea, Morocco*, Netherlands*, Pakistan, Russia, Serbia*, Slovakia*, Turkey, UK*, US

KB-1 DPICM (fmr. Yugoslavia)

Austria*, Denmark*, Finland*, France*, Germany*, Greece, India, Israel, Italy*, South Korea, Norway*, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Serbia*, Singapore, Slovakia*, South Africa*, Spain*, Switzerland*, Turkey, UK*, US OGR DPICM (France)

Surface-Launched Rockets and Missiles No Self-Destruct

Algeria, Bahrain*, Belarus, Bosnia & Herzegovina*, Brazil, Bulgaria*, China, Croatia*, Czech Republic*, Egypt, France*, Germany*, Greece, Guinea*, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy*, Japan*, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Moldova*, Netherlands*, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia*, Slovakia*, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK*, US, Uzbekistan, Yemen 9N210(USSR)

France*, Germany*, Japan*, South Korea, Netherlands*, Turkey, UK*, US M73 Hydra (US)

Air-Dropped Bombs No Self-Destruct

Angola, Argentina*, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium*, Brazil, Bulgaria*, Canada*, Chile*, China, Croatia*, Cuba, Czech Republic*, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France*, Georgia, Germany*, Greece, Guinea-Bissau*, Honduras*, Hungary*, India, Indonesia*, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy*, Japan*, Jordan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Libya, Montenegro*, Morocco*, Netherlands*, Nigeria*, Norway*, Oman, Pakistan, Peru*, Poland, Portugal*, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia*, Slovakia*, Slovenia*, South Africa*, Spain*, Sri Lanka, Sudan*, Switzerland*, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda*, Ukraine, UAE, UK*, US

BL-755 (UK)

Algeria, Angola, Bosnia & Herzegovina*, Croatia*, Cuba, Czech Republic*, Georgia, Germany*, Greece, Hungary*, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, North Korea, Libya, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia*, Sudan*, Sweden*, Syria, Ukraine, Yemen AO-2.5RT (USSR)

November 2008

States that Did Not Adopt the Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM)
States that DID NOT adopt CCM, 30 May 2008 Party to CCW Has stockpiled Has produced Has used Used in States that DID NOT adopt CCM, 30 May 2008 Party to CCW Has stockpiled Has produced Has used Used in

States that Adopted the Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) 30 May 2008
States that adopted CCM, 30 May 2008 Party to CCW Has stockpiled Has produced Has used Used in States that adopted CCM, 30 May 2008 Party to CCW Has stockpiled Has produced Has used Used in

Afghanistan Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua & Barbuda Armenia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Bhutan Brazil Burma/Myanmar Cape Verde Central African Rep. China Colombia Cuba Cyprus Djibouti Dominica Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Georgia Greece Grenada Guyana Haiti India Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kazakhstan Kiribati North Korea South Korea Kuwait Latvia

Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Maldives Marshall Islands Mauritius Micronesia Monaco Mongolia Namibia Nauru Nepal Oman Pakistan Poland Romania Russia Rwanda St. Kitts & Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent & Grenadines Saudi Arabia Singapore Solomon Islands Somalia Sri Lanka Suriname Syria Tajikistan Thailand Tonga Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States of America Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen Zimbabwe 87

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Albania Argentina Australia Austria Bahrain Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia Bosnia & Herzegovina Botswana Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chad Chile Comoros Congo, DR Congo, Rep Cook Islands Costa Rica Cte dIvoire Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Estonia Fiji Finland France Germany Ghana Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Holy See Honduras Hungary Iceland Indonesia Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Kenya Kyrgyzstan Lao PDR Lebanon

Lesotho Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia (FYR) Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mexico Moldova Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Portugal Qatar Samoa San Marino So Tom and Principe Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sudan Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Tanzania Timor-Leste Togo Uganda United Kingdom Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela Zambia 107

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November 2008