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Momentum

1) Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity of a moving body. It is a vector quantity that points in the direction of velocity. 2) The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant before and after collision. 3) An elastic collision is one where both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved, while an inelastic collision conserves momentum but not kinetic energy.

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Muhammad Usman
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538 views2 pages

Momentum

1) Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity of a moving body. It is a vector quantity that points in the direction of velocity. 2) The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant before and after collision. 3) An elastic collision is one where both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved, while an inelastic collision conserves momentum but not kinetic energy.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Usman
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Momentum "the product of mass and velocity of a moving body is called linear momentum" it is a vector quantity and its

direction is the same as that of velocity.the si unit of momentum is newton-second(NS) or it is also defined as quantity of motion of a body For example, a heavy truck moving fast has a large momentum.it takes a large and prolonged force to get the truck up to this speed, and it takes a large and pro longed force to bring it to a stop afterwards.If the truck were lighter, or movi ng slower, then it would have less momentum. Law Of Conservation Of Momentum The law of conservation of momentum states that "Total momentum of an isolated system before and after collision is constant." Proof Consider an isolated system of two bodies "A" & "B" having masses m1 & m2 moving with initiall velocities u1 & u2 respectively such that u1>u2. They collide wi th each other and after collusion their velocities become v1 & v2 respectively. Total momentum of system before collision = m1u1 + m2u2 Total momentum of system after collision = m1v1 + m2v2 When the two bodies collide with each other, they come in contact for a short ti me "t". During this interval the force exerted oo body A is FA and on body B is FB We know Force=rate of change of linear momentum FA = ( m1v1- m1u1)/t -------------(1) FB = ( m2v2- m2u2 )/t--------------(2) According to the third law of motion : FA = -FB Putting the values of FA and FB ( m1v1- m1u1)/t = - ( m2v2- m2u2 )/t m1v1 - m1u1 = - ( m2v2- m2u2 ) m1v1 - m1u1 = - m2v2 + m2u2 m1v1+m2v2=m2u2+m1u1 m1v1+m2v2=m1u1+m2u2 This expression shows that the total momentum of the system is conserved. ELASTIC COLLISION the collision in which the momentum of the system as well as kinetic energy of the system before and after collision is conserved is called ELASTIC COLLISIO N INELASTIC COLLISION. thecollision in which the momentum of the system before and after collision is c onserved but the kinetic energy before and after collision is not conserved s called inELASTIC COLLISION. Consider two spheres of mass m1 and m2 moving initially along the line joining t heir centers with velocities u1 and u2 in the same direction such that u1>u2. . They collide with one another and after having an elastic collision start m oving with velocities v1 and v2 in the same directions on the same line.

according to the law of conservation of momentum: total initial Momentum = total final Momentum m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2 m1u1-m1v1=m2v2-m2u2 m1v1 m1u1 = m2u2 m2v2 -------(1\ Since the collision is elastic, total initial K.E=Total final m1u12 + m2u22= m1v12 + m1u12- m1v12 = m2v22 (m1u12- m1v12 ) == (m2v22 m1u12-m1v12=m2v22-m2u22 m1(u12-v12) = m2(v22-u22) m1(u1-v1) (u1+v1) = m2(v2-u2) on (1) m1(u1-v1) (u1+v1) = m2(v2-u2) m1v1 m1u1 = m2u2 m2v2 u1+v1 = v2+u2 From the above equation V1=v2 +u2 -U1_________(a) V2=u1+v1 -U2_________(b) Formula for v1 m1v1= m1u1+m2u2- m2v2 Putting the value of V2 m1v1= m1u1+m2u2- m2(u1+v1 -U2) m1v1= m1u1+m2u2-m2u1-m2v1+m2u2 m1v1+m2v1=m1u1-m2u1+m2u2+m2u2 (m1+m2)v1=(m1u-m2)u1+2m2u2 v1=m1-m2)u1+2m2u2 (m1+m2) K.E m2v22 m2u22 - m2u22

(v2+u2) ------- (2)Dividing equation (2) by equati (v2+u2)

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