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Frame Relay CheatSheet

Frame Relay is a WAN protocol that uses variable-length frames to transport data across a packet-switched network. It supports both point-to-point and multipoint topologies. Frame Relay frames contain flags to delimit frames, an address field containing the data-link connection identifier (DLCI), user data, and a frame check sequence. Quality of service features like committed information rate (CIR) and excess information rate (EIR) allow for bandwidth management. Frame Relay links can be configured and monitored using commands like frame-relay map, show frame-relay pvc, and debug frame-relay lmi.

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2K views

Frame Relay CheatSheet

Frame Relay is a WAN protocol that uses variable-length frames to transport data across a packet-switched network. It supports both point-to-point and multipoint topologies. Frame Relay frames contain flags to delimit frames, an address field containing the data-link connection identifier (DLCI), user data, and a frame check sequence. Quality of service features like committed information rate (CIR) and excess information rate (EIR) allow for bandwidth management. Frame Relay links can be configured and monitored using commands like frame-relay map, show frame-relay pvc, and debug frame-relay lmi.

Uploaded by

Walter Valverde
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FRAME RELAY

8 16 Flags Address

Protocol Data Units


Variable 16 8 Data FCS Flags

Frame Relay Subinterfaces


Point-to-point Where a single PVC connects one router to another and each subinterface is in its own IP subnet. Multipoint Where the router is the middle point of a group of routers. All other routers connect to each other through this router, and all routers are in the same subnet.

Flags - Delimits the beginning and end of the frame. Address Contains the 10 bit DLCI, Extended Address, C/R and the congestion control. Data - Contains encapsulated upper-layer data.
Frame Check Sequence - Ensures the integrity of transmitted data.

Frame Relay QoS Features


CIR Committed Information Rate: the contracted minimum throughput of a Virtual Circuit. EIR Excess Information Rate: the available capacity above the CIR. FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notice BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notice

LMI Frame Format


1 Flag 2 LMI DLCI 1 Unnumbered Information Indicator 1 Protocol Discriminator 1 Call Reference 1 Message Type Variable Information Elements 2 FCS 1 Flag

Frame Relay
(config)# int s0 (config-if)# ip address 117.106.10.8 255.255.0.0 (config-if)# no shutdown (config-if)# encapculation frame-relay (config-if)# frame-relay map ip 117.106.10.13 102 broadcast (config-if)# frame-relay map ip 117.106.10.16 103 broadcast (config-if)# frame-relay lmi-type cisco

Flags - Delimits the beginning and end of the frame.


LMI DLCI - Identifies the frame as an LMI frame instead of a basic Frame Relay frame.

Unnumbered Information Indicator - Sets the poll/final bit to zero.


Protocol Discriminator - Always contains a value indicating that the frame is an LMI frame.

Frame Relay With Point-to-Point Subinterface


(config)#interface Serial0 (config-if)#description Frame-Relay host circuit (config-if)#no ip address (config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay (config-if)#exit (config)#interface Serial0.1 point-to-point (config-subif)#description PVC to first branch - DLCI 101 (config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.252 (config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 101 (config-fr-dlci)#exit (config-subif)#exit (config)#interface Serial0.2 point-to-point (config-subif)#description PVC to second branch - DLCI 102 (config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.9 255.255.255.252 (config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 102 Note: All of the branches would follow the same basic configuration, but with different IP addresses and DLCI numbers

Call Reference - Always contains zeros. This field currently is not used.
Message Type - Labels the frame as one of the following: Status-inquiry message - Inquiry about the network status. Status message - Responds to status-inquiry messages.

Information Elements - Contains information elements (IEs). IE Identifier - Uniquely identifies the IE. IE Length - Indicates the length of the IE. Data - Contains encapsulated upper-layer data.
Frame Check Sequence - Ensures the integrity of transmitted data.

Configuring Frame Relay


! Enables Frame Relay with default encapsulation of cisco.

Multipoint Subinterfaces
(config)#interface Serial0.1 multipoint (config-subif)#description Frame Relay to branches (config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 (config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 101 (config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 102 (config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 103 (config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 104

(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
! Enables Frame Relay with encapsulation type of ietf. Used when connecting to non-Cisco equipment.

(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay ietf


! (Optional) Sets the LMI type. LMI is auto-sensed.

(config-if)#frame-relay lmi type {ansi | cisco | q933a}


! Sets the DLCI number. This number is locally significant, only.

(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci 110


! Maps the remote IP address (192.168.100.1) to the local DLCI number.

PPP over Frame Relay


Note: PPP over Frame Relay, you need to associate the DLCI with a Virtual Template, which will carry the Layer 3 information. Because PPP fundamentally involves a single connection between two devices, it is most natural to use this feature on point-to-point subinterfaces: (config)#interface Loopback1 (config-if)#ip address 10.1.200.5 255.255.255.252 (config-if)#exit (config)#interface Virtual-Template1 (config-if)#ip unnumbered Loopback1 (config-if)#encapsulation ppp (config-if)#exit (config)#interface Serial0 (config-if)#no ip address (config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay (config-if)#exit (config)#interface Serial0.1 point-to-point (config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 104 ppp Virtual-Template1 Version 1.0

(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.100.1 110


! Disable Inverse ARP.

(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse arp

Verifying Frame Relay


! Displays IP/DLCI map entries

show frame-relay map


! Displays the status of all PVCs configured

show frame-relay pvc


! Displays LMI statistics

show frame-relay lmi


! Clears and resets all Frame Relay counters

clear frame-relay counters


! Clears all Inverse ARP entries from the map table

clear frame-relay inarp

Troubleshooting Frame Relay


! Used to determine whether a router and a Frame Relay switch are exchanging LMI packets properly.

debug frame-relay lmi by Scott Schmit (Slaingod)

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