TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. Paper 1

1 Section A : Directed Writing a) Formal Letter b) Informal Letter c) Speeches / Talks d) Reports 2 Section B : Continuous Writing a. Narrative Writing b. Descriptive Writing

B. Paper 2

Section C : Reading Comprehension a) Summary

2 Section D : Literature a) Poems & Short Stories b) Novel

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

SPEECHES

REPORTS

NARRATIVE

DESCRIPTIVE

SUMMARY

POEMS&SS

NOVEL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAPER 1 SECTION A : DIRECTED WRITING

ANALYSIS OF PAST YEARS QUESTIONS

Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Topics An article for school newsletter A talk on road safety A formal letter to a class teacher (trip) A report to principal about the school canteen An informal letter (to a friend) An informal letter (to a friend) A talk on a reference book

1 FORMAL LETTERS Examples: Letter of complaint Letter of enquiry Letter of application for a job Letter to the newspaper Letter of request or appeal

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

SPEECHES

REPORTS

NARRATIVE

DESCRIPTIVE

SUMMARY

POEMS&SS

NOVEL

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Format _________________________ _________________________ _________________________

Senders address

Receivers address

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Dear Sir / Madam,

12 January 2008

Date

Salutation

Subject

__________________________________________ With reference to .. .. 2 I would. ..... . 3 I can ... . . 4 I hope that . . . . Thank you.
Introduction

1st point

Body

2nd point

3rd point

Complimentary close

Yours faithfully,

Senders signature Name

_________________________ (NAME IN CAPITAL LETTERS)

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

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REPORTS

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DESCRIPTIVE

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Samples a) Letter of Application (for a scholarship) Room 441, First College, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur.

Senders address

The Manager, The Sun Scholarship Fund, Lot 31, Jalan Barat, 56202 Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Dear Sir / Madam,
Salutation

Receivers address

5 MAY 2007

Date

Date Application for The Sun Scholarship Fund

Subject

I refer to your advertisement with regards to The Sun Scholarship Fund which appeared in yesterdays issue of The Sun. I would like to submit my application for the aforementioned scholarship. 2 I am pleased to inform you that I scored 9As in my SPM examination and 2As and 3Bs in my STPM examination respectively. I am presently in my second year in University of Malaya pursuing a degree in Mass Communications. 3 I hope to be a journalist upon graduation and would consider it an honour to work for your newspaper establishment. I was working as a cubreporter with The Sun for three months before I joined the university. 4 I am enclosing a copy of my curriculum vitae, a passport-sized photograph, photocopies of my SPM, STPM certificates, my first year university results and the names of two referees as requested. I look forward to a favourable reply from you.
Date

Yours faithfully,

Complimentary close Signature Your name

_______________________________ (DAVID CHAN HOWE NAM)

David

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

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b) Letter of Complaint Guidelines We write a letter of complaint when we are not satisfied with something. Do not be rude. A courteously-worded complaint is more likely to receive attention. In writing a letter of complaint, you should: ) Examples: (a) (b) ) Examples: (a) (b) ) Examples: (a) (b) Of course this has caused my wife considerable inconvenience. As the rubber lining is not intact, the food does not keep well. As a businessman, I need to make regular calls to my associates. With the telephone malfunctioning, I have not been able to make some very important calls. State what action you want them to take The rubber lining on the doors come off every time I I open the door. Besides, the refrigerator is unusually noisy. I have not been able to make long distance calls with the telephone. There is also an irritating continuous beeping sound. If possible, point out the inconvenience caused I am writing to complain about the Rexy refrigerator I bought from you. I am afraid I have to express my dissatisfaction over the mobile phone which I purchased from your shop. Give details of the complaints State the purpose to the letter

) Examples: (a) (b)

I would be grateful if you could send a technician to rectify the problem. I am returning the phone together with this letter. Please send me a replacement immediately.
INFORMAL LETTER SPEECHES REPORTS NARRATIVE DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY POEMS&SS NOVEL

FORMAL LETTER

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) Examples: (a) (b)

Express the hope that your complaint would be looked into immediately

I hope you would look into my request immediately. I am convinced that you would act immediately on your customers complaints.

Sample Question

You love eating at hawker centres. The place that you frequent, the Old Town Food Centre is however, very dirty. Write to the Enforcement Officer of Majlis Perbandaran Kuantan to complain about the condition of the centre. Give details of the complaint and suggest what actions should be taken. Use the following notes to write your letter: floor is filthy plates left lying around infested with flies clogged drains stench from the drains tables dirty and oily lead to health problems issue warnings clean drains wash floor regularly Health officers conduct regular checks on cleanliness

When writing your letter, remember to: use the format of a formal letter include all the points give two suggestions of your own

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

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NARRATIVE

DESCRIPTIVE

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Model Answer 66, Jalan Mat Kilau, Taman Semegah Jaya, 25300 Kuantan, Pahang. The Enforcement Officer Majlis Perbandaran Kuantan, Jalan Tanah Putih, 25300 Kuantan Pahang Dear Sir, F2 Dirty Food Stalls at the Old Town Food Centre I wish to draw your attention to the condition of the Old Town Food Centre. 2. Though the centre is popular among the residents of this town and the food relatively cheap, the cleanliness of the place leaves much to be desired. Firstly, the floor is filthy. It appears C1 as if the hawkers rarely take the trouble to get it washed often. To make matters worse, plates are left lying around on the dirty C2 floor. 3. Secondly, the place is infested with flies. This, I think is due partly to the clogged drains around the centre. Sometimes, the stench from the drains is terrible and that certainly spoils the evening out. When it rains, the situation becomes worse. In addition, the tables are very dirty and oily which spoils our appetite. C3 C4 C5 C6

F1

16 June 2007

4. I am sure that you would agree with me that such unhygienic conditions would lead to health problem. Kuantan has long C7 enjoyed the reputation of being the cleanest town in our state and we should try to maintain the image. The present state of affairs at the Old Town Food Centre is certainly not going to contribute to that image! 5. My suggestions are that warnings should be issued to C8 those who fail to keep their stalls clean. Your workers too, can help by making sure that the drains are cleaned and do not get C9 clogged. The management should ensure that floors and tables C10 ( 1st are cleaned every day before closing.

suggestion )

6. Health officers should make regular visits to the centre to C11 ensure its state of cleanliness. Besides that, summons should be issued to hawker stalls that do not kept their stall C12 (2nd clean. With cooperation of both parties, there is no doubt that the suggestion) situation can be improved.

I trust that you will view this matter seriously and take whatever action that may be necessary to make the food centre a more pleasant place for our residents. Thank you. Yours faithfully, Teoh Eng Huat F3 (TEOH ENG HUAT)

Practice Practice 1 Parallel Writing (Refer to the sample letter 2) You are a student at a secondary school. You are dissatisfied with the services at your canteen. Write a letter of complaint to the principal of your school. Give details of the complaints and suggest what actions to be taken. Use the following notes to write your letter: dirty floor clogged drains sells junk food food and drinks are not covered dead flies and mosquitoes in food and drinks canteen workers never cover hair sink filled with rubbish insufficient table and chairs conduct surprise checks wear caps and aprons cover food and drinks add more benches and tables When writing your letter, remember : to use the format of a formal letter to include all the points that the letter is addressed to the principal

FORMAL LETTER

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Practice 2 As a resident of a housing estate, you are dissatisfied with the night market in your area. Write a letter of complaint to the municipal council in your area, highlighting the problems created by the night market and suggest what action to be taken. Use the following notes when writing the letter: lack of parking space traffic congestion stalls obstruct traffic noisy stalls not properly arranged road littered with rubbish attracts stray dogs and cats threatens the safety of the residents relocate stalls arrange stalls clean up rubbish fine hawkers for littering

When writing your letter, remember to: use the format of a formal letter include all the points that the letter is addressed to the Town Council

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

SPEECHES

REPORTS

NARRATIVE

DESCRIPTIVE

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2 INFORMAL LETTERS Refers to social and friendly letters that we write to our friends. The tone of the language used is casual and conversational. Format 6, Jalan Cempaka, Taman Pine, 27000 Jerantut, Pahang. 3 January 2008
Salutation Senders address

Date

Dear Julian, It was a wonderful surprise to get your letter the other day.............. ...................................................................................................

Contents of the letter Ending

The camp was very .. .. Its getting late. I have to stop now. See you in the next letter. Your friend, ..
Signature

Examples of salutation and ending Salutations Dear mom, Dear Uncle Lim, Dearest sister Dear Mr. Ali Dear Muthu Ending Yours lovingly Yours affectionately With lots of love Yours sincerely Your friend

Letters to close relatives

Letters to friends and acquaintances

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

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REPORTS

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DESCRIPTIVE

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Sample Question Your pen pal has written to you inquiring about local festivals. You decide to write about the Moon Cake Festival celebrated at your hometown. Moon Cake Festival celebrated by Chinese ninth month of lunar calendar lanterns of various shapes, colours and sizes moon cakes with different types of filling legend good queen protected nation against the evil king lovely festival joined by all races

Based on the notes given, write a letter to your penpal Remember : To write as an informal letter To use all notes given To add relevant information Write in paragraphs.

Marking Scheme 1. The content marks include format, points given in the stimulus and elaborations. Marks are awarded for : Format Points Elaboration Total Marks 3m (salutation+closing+signature) 6m 6m ---------------15m ----------------

2.

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Model Essay ANSWER 33, Jalan Raya, Taman Ria, 27400 Dong Raub, Pahang. 3 Mac 2008 Dear Harry, It was really nice to get your reading about the 4th of July celebration. have many festivals and one of them is Festival. It is celebrated by the Chinese month of the lunar calendar. COMMENTS
Senders address

Date F1 (Salutation)

letter. I enjoyed In Malaysia, we the Moon Cake during the ninth C1, C2

It is a time when children play with colourful lanterns of various shapes and sizes. The traditional lanterns are lighted up by small candles. It is quite tricky to light these lanterns as we might burn the fragile lanterns. Nowadays, there are many battery-operated plastic lanterns on sale. Nevertheless, I still prefer the oldfashioned lanterns.

C3 E E E

Beside playing with lanterns, we also eat moon cakes which are made of lotus bean paste coated with a E thin layer of pastry. There are so many different types of C4 fillings to choose from. The moon cakes are tasty but rather E costly. Some people say that the festival symbolizes the C5 sacrifice of a good queen who protected the nation against the evil king. Whatever the legend, it is a lovely festival to watch, especially all the colourful lanterns. It is a festival that is joined by all races, bringing unity and harmony among C6, E us. Well, I have to end here as it is time for dinner. F2 (closing) Till next time, bye. Your penpal,

Tan
* underlined phrases - content points * highlighted phrases - elaboration of content points
FORMAL LETTER INFORMAL LETTER SPEECHES REPORTS NARRATIVE DESCRIPTIVE

F3 (signature)

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Enrichment Exercises Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with the correct word or phrase given below:post Know status sincerely proud good luck conscientious highly regarded congratulations deserve promoted

3, Jalan Raya Taman Sentosa 27000 Jerantut Pahang 5 January 2008

Dear Halim, I came to (1) that you have been (2) as the branch manager of Maju Jaya Consortium. My heartiest (3) to you. I am glad that you are (4) by your company and you have been given a rise in (5) in the transport business. I am really (6) of you. I know that you must have been very hardworking and (7) in your work judging from the fact that you have been a very dedicated and diligent student during your school days. You (8) the promotion. Once (10) Yours (11) again, I wish you (9) In your new

Seng Ee

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

SPEECHES

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Exercise 2

titbits appreciated

held inform

celebrating merriment

get-together at

8, Jalan 5/5, Taman Riang, 27200 Kuala Lipis Pahang 16 FEBRUARY 2008 Dear Francis, I wish to (1) you that I will be (2) my birthday on 24th February next Sunday. As usual, I will invite my close friends for a (3) The party will be (4) in my house (5)5.30 p.m. There will be some songs and music besides food , drinks and (6) Of course, the party will not be much fun and (7) without you. Hence your presence is greatly (8) Your friend, Mohd. Ammar

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

SPEECHES

REPORTS

NARRATIVE

DESCRIPTIVE

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Exercise 3

cycle gift studies

jubilant grateful kindness

delivered easier dreamed

handy affectionately

121, Jalan Permai, Seksyen 5/5 Taman Sentosa, 28400 Mentakab Pahang 25 March 2008 Dear Uncle, I felt very (1) when I received your birthday (2) . This morning when a bicycle was (3) to me by the lorry man, I was excited to find out that the bicycle was addressed to me. Just imagine how thrilled and (4) I was! You have given me something which I never (5) of owning a bicycle! A bicycle comes in (6) to me. With it, I can (7). to school without having to waste time and money traveling by bus. Life will be very much (8) for me with the bicycle around. I will never forget your (9) and your hope in me. I will study hard to do well in my (10) so as not to disappoint you. Thank you very much, uncle

Yours .(11).

Parveen

FORMAL LETTER

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Exercise 4 Your school started a cash-a-can campaign recently. Write a letter to your friend, describing the project and the activities carried out. You may use the notes below and add other relevant details. Project organised by Green Earth Club Objective : to create awareness of the environment Activities : Seminar on recycling Distributing leaflets to neighbours Collect unwanted materials from neighbourhood Separate and sent to recycling centre Closing ceremony by the principal

When writing the letter, you should remember : - to layout the letter correctly - to use paragraphs - to use appropriate tone and style.

Exercise 5 The Nature Club of your school is organising an educational trip to Pahang. Using the information below, write a letter to your parents to ask permission to join the trip. Place : National Park, Pahang Three days and two nights stay Cost : RM 200 per person (inclusive of boarding and meals) Activities : Bird watching Rapid shooting Night safari Canopy walk Nature walk

When writing the letter, remember - to use the correct format - to use all the points - the tone of the letter should be appropriate

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

SPEECHES

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NARRATIVE

DESCRIPTIVE

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ANSWER KEY Exercise One 1. know 2. promoted 3. congratulations 4. highly regarded 5. status 6. proud 7. conscientious 8. deserve 9. good luck 10. post 11. sincerely Exercise Two 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. inform celebrating get-together held at titbits merriment appreciated

Exercise Three 1. jubilant 2. gift 3. delivered 4. grateful 5. dreamed 6. handy 7. cycle 8. easier 9. kindness 10. studies 11. affectionately

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

SPEECHES

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3 SPEECHES/TALKS a) Types of speeches/talks Speeches are often made on various occasions. For example: a. to welcome a person b. to introduce someone c. to congratulate someone d. to bid farewell to someone e. to give opinion or provide information about a particular topic b) Writing a speech / talk When approaching the question on giving a speech: a. read the question carefully. b. determine the audience and the purpose of the talk. c. ensure your speech is suitable for the occasion. When you give a speech or talk, you usually have to : a. greet your audience b. tell your audience what you are going to speak about c. give a short introduction to the topic d. give detailed information on the subject you are talking about e. conclude by summarising your main points or restate your views f. thank the audience. c) Useful Expressions Greeting your audience : Good morning to the Principal, teachers and fellow students ... Good morning. Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen ... Starting your talk : Today, I am going to talk on ... / Today, I would like to talk about ... Thank you for giving me this opportunity to talk on ... The title of my speech today is ... Let me start off by saying ... Introducing a new point : My next point is ... The next issue I would like to talk about is ... I would now like to turn briefly to the problem of ...
FORMAL LETTER INFORMAL LETTER SPEECHES REPORTS NARRATIVE DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY POEMS&SS NOVEL

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Giving examples : Let me give you an example To illustrate the point, let us .... For example, ... For instance, ...

Giving opinions : I firmly believe that ... Theres no doubt that ... I am certain that ... I am absolutely convinced that ...

Strong disagreements : I do not agree that ... I cannot accept the view that ... I totally disagree with the view that ... I cannot accept the argument that ...

Ending your talk : Now, I am sure that you will agree with me that ... Of course, you would now agree with me that ... From my speech, it is clear that ... In conclusion, I maintain that ... Now, I hope you are convinced that ... I hope I have given you useful information on ... Finally, let me conclude by saying .... ......................................................................... ...............Thank you.

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SAMPLE QUESTION You have recently attended a seminar on `A Healthy Lifestyle. Your teacher has asked you to give a talk on the same topic to the students at the school assembly. Use the notes below to write out your talk.

get enough sleep seven to eight hours sleep headaches eat balanced meals contain important nutrients three main meals exercise regularly keep fit have recreational activities more friends keep away from unhealthy habits smoking and drugs

When writing your speech, you should remember to: address the audience provide an introduction to the topic provide detailed information on the subject matter being discussed conclude with an effective summary of main points thank the audience for listening

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MODEL ESSAY Format a. Greet audience b. State the topic c. Short introduction d. Give detailed information on topic Good morning to the Principal, teachers and students. My name is Salimah from 5 Active. This morning, I would like to talk to you about `A Healthy Lifestyle. As we all know, a healthy lifestyle is very important. What should we do? Firstly, we must get enough sleep. All of you should get about seven or eight hours of sleep everyday. You may have headaches if you do not have enough sleep. Then you will not be able to concentrate in class. The food that we eat is very important to our health. All of you must try to eat balanced meals. Take three main meals a day; breakfast, lunch and dinner. You ought to make sure that your meals contain important nutrients such as vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins and minerals. Avoid junk food as they contain artificial flavourings. Do exercise regularly. You can go jogging or take up a game such as badminton or tennis. Exercise builds up stamina and you can keep fit. The school has a lot of extracurricular activities. Try to take part in them. We can reduce stress by having recreational activities such as fishing, hiking and swimming. You can make more new friends besides having fun! Keep away from unhealthy activities. Do not smoke or take drugs. I am sure many of you know the effects of smoking and drug addiction. They are bad for health. Smoking can cause lung diseases heart ailments. Drugs have killed many people. All of you will be healthy and strong if you maintain healthy lifestyle. As students, we need to develop healthy habits from young and be useful citizens. I hope the information I have given will be of help to you. Healthy food and activities will give you a healthy body and mind. Thank you. Points and Elaboration F1 F2

C1 C2 C3

C4 C5 C6

C7

C8

C9 C10 C11 C12

e. Conclusion

FORMAL LETTER

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Enrichment Exercises Exercise 1 As president of the Consumers Club, you decide to give a talk on how to save water to the students at your school assembly. Use the notes below to write out your talk. water is precious more careful use of water do not leave the tap running repair leaking tap can lose gallons of water wash full load of clothes in washing machine use water from washing machine to water plants do not wash cars using a hose use a pail and a sponge do not water plants when sun is very hot water evaporates easily wash vegetables in a basin

When writing your speech, you should remember to: address the audience provide an introduction to the topic provide detailed information on the subject matter being discussed conclude with an effective summary of main points thank the audience for listening

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

SPEECHES

REPORTS

NARRATIVE

DESCRIPTIVE

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Exercise 2 It is World Environment Day. You have to give a talk to the students at the school assembly to make them more aware of their role in caring for the environment.

students play very important role preserve environment for future generations do not do things against nature love animals love plants care for the rivers do not pollute recycle reduce use environment-friendly products have campaigns be more responsible and caring towards the environment

Use the notes below to write out your talk. When writing your speech, you should remember to address the audience provide an introduction to the topic provide detailed information on the subject matter being discussed conclude with an effective summary of main points thank the audience for listening

FORMAL LETTER

INFORMAL LETTER

SPEECHES

REPORTS

NARRATIVE

DESCRIPTIVE

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4 REPORT SPM 2004 Question

There are a few matters in your school which could be improved. The schools Prefects Board has had a meeting. The prefects have decided to write a report for the principal. As the secretary to the board, you have been asked to write the report. In your report, include the following: The unsatisfactory service and high food prices in the school canteen The urgent need to improve the cleanliness of the school The request for a pedestrian and zebra crossing in front of the school Do remember to: give your report a title use all the points given provide two relevant details/examples for each of the four points write in paragraphs

Model Answer

Suggestions for Improving Facilities in SMK Tanjung Selama The Prefects Board of SMK Tanjung Selama had a meeting on 17 October 2004 at 2.30 p.m. in the Prefects Room. The meeting was called by our Head Prefect, Mohd Saiful Nizam Amran, because there have been a lot of complaints about the condition of the school. Here we would like to present a detailed report of the meeting to the Principal of SMK Tanjung Selama for further action and consideration. The first issue that was discussed is the unsatisfactory service in the school canteen. The canteen seems to be short of workers because there are only two people handling the huge crowd of students during recess. Due to this, some students are not able to buy their food on time. The second issue which is also related to the first one is that the food prices in the school canteen are too high. The price of food seems rather expensive for school students. For example, a plate of fried rice is RM2.00. Most of the students only bring around RM1.00 to school, so they are only able to buy light food like bread or buns.

F1 Intro

F2

C1 E1 E2

C2 E3 E4 C3

There is an urgent need to improve the cleanliness of the school. The first place to start is the school toilets. Usually, after recess, the toilets are in a deplorable condition. The workers need to wash the toilets as soon as recess is over. Furthermore, in the canteen, the food is spilt all over the floor, leaving behind stain and stench. The next point of discussion is the safety of the students. Since the traffic is very heavy in front of the school after school is over, there is a need to have a pedestrian crossing. Even a zebra crossing with a traffic warden would be ideal for the time being. This is due to the fact that there have been minor accidents in the past couple of months. We hope that the school authorities would take the necessary actions to improve the condition of the school so that the students would have a safe, clean and comfortable environment in which they could study well. Reported by, Closure Signature Name of the writer Post of the writer

E5 E6

C4 E7 E8 Con.

F3

Wanie
_______________________

(Shazwani binti Ariff, Secretary, Prefects Board, SMK Tanjung Selama.

Total Marks

F C E L

3 4 8 20 35

Explanations Format points : 3 F1 the title F2 the addressee (the school principal) F3 the name of the writer Content points : 4 C1 the unsatisfactory service in the school canteen C2 the high food prices in the school canteen C3 the urgent need to improve the cleanliness of the school C4 the request for a pedestrian or zebra crossing in front of the school
FORMAL LETTER INFORMAL LETTER SPEECHES REPORTS NARRATIVE DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY POEMS&SS NOVEL

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Elaboration Points : 8 E1 Detail/Example of C1 E2 Detail/Example of C1 E3 Detail/Example of C2 E4 Detail/Example of C2 E5 Detail/Example of C3 E6 Detail/Example of C3 E7 Detail/Example of C4 E8 Detail/Example of C4 Exercise You are the Head of Librarians in your school. The Principal has asked you to identify the problems faced by the students and to give suggestions on how to improve the library conditions. Below are the notes you made after conducting a survey among the students and teachers in your school.

PROBLEMS Room is very hot Insufficient space to sit and read Old and uncomfortable furniture Old and torn books Only one computer available Poor system of borrowing books

SUGGESTIONS Room should be air-conditioned Should shift to another bigger room Should have new furniture Must buy new, interesting books Must bring in more computers Should apply computerized system

Write a report to the Principal. You should use all the survey notes on both the problems and the suggestions. When writing the report, you should remember to : lay out the report correctly using an appropriate format address it to the Principal of your school use all the notes given use paragraphs

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REMINDERS (DIRECTED WRITING)

FORMAL LETTER

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

INFORMAL LETTER

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

REPORT

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Format Points Address of the sender Address of the recipient Date Salutation Heading/title Closure Signature Name and post of the sender Address of the sender Date Salutation Closure Signature Name of the sender Title Addressee Signature Name of the writer Post of the writer

Content Points Include all the given content points

Elaboration Points Give details/ examples (only if needed/ mentioned)

Language Points 20 marks according to specified bands/criteria

Include all the given content points

Give details/ examples (only if needed/ mentioned)

20 marks according to specified bands/criteria

Include all the given content points

Give details/ examples (only if needed/ mentioned)

20 marks according to specified bands/criteria

ARTICLE

1. Title 2. Name of the writer

Include all the given content points Include all the given content points

TALK/ SPEECH

1. Greeting 2. Introduction/ opening speech 3. Ending

Give details/ examples (only if needed/ mentioned) Give details/ examples (only if needed/ mentioned)

20 marks according to specified bands/criteria 20 marks according to specified bands/criteria

* The maximum mark for Format is 3

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SECTION B : CONTINUOUS WRITING ANALYSIS OF PAST YEARS QUESTIONS SPM 1119/2, 2003 (a) (b) A day you wished had never happened You have been given a chance to visit a country of your choice. Which country would you choose and why? An invention you cannot live without Friends Write a story that ends with: If only I had listened to his / her advice.

(c) (d) (e)

SPM 1119/2, 2004 (a) (b) Describe a festival celebrated in your area. Write a story ending with: We have never laughed so much in our lives. My ideal school. How can we help promote tourism in Malaysia Clothes

(c) (d) (e)

SPM 1119/2, 2005 (a) (b) (c) (d) Describe the biggest challenge in your life Write a story with the title : An Unexpected Visitor How to keep oneself healthy If you were given a chance to be anybody, who would you want to be and why? Music
INFORMAL LETTER SPEECHES REPORTS NARRATIVE DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY POEMS&SS NOVEL

(e)
FORMAL LETTER

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SPM 1119/2, 2006 (a) (b) Describe an enjoyable weekend you have experienced. Write a story ending with: If only I had been more careful, that wouldnt have happened. What changes would you like to see in your life in the next ten years? How can television help students in their studies? Food

(c)

(d) (e)

SPM 1119/2, 2007 (f) (g) Describe an embarrassing experience in your life. Teenagers today are only interested in entertainment. Do you agree? Support your opinion My early years Write a story beginning with: Kim was nervous when the door opened Tomorrow

(h) (i)

(j)

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5 NARRATIVE WRITING

a)

What is a narrative A narrative tells a story or describes a sequence of events. It may be about something unusual, for example, a strange encounter or event, a sudden catastrophe, a crisis, a conflict, a victory, an exciting adventure or discovery. However, it may also be about ordinary experiences, the things that happen everyday.

b)

Features of a narrative When you write a narrative it is important for you to pay attention to the following: a. Tense b. The use of reported speech c. Cohesiveness d. Plot e. Characterization

(a) TENSE A narrative usually describes events or happenings in the past. Thus, the Past Tense forms are usually used in narrative writing. Other tenses are also used, but not as frequently. Note the Past Tense forms of the verbs used in the following narrative. A Rescue Drama A week ago, a ten-storey building in the town centre caught fire because a careless man had thrown a smoldering cigarette butt into a waste-paper basket. The whole building was in flames. In the street below a large crowd looked up anxiously at a frantic man who was leaning out of a window on the fifth floor. For him jumping meant certain death. The flames were getting higher and higher. Just then, the fire-brigade arrived with a ladder long enough to reach the man. A fireman helped him climb down the ladder. Just as they reached the ground, there was a loud crash. The crowd watched in horror as the building collapsed in flames.

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Practice Complete the description below using the simple past tense of the verb and the appropriate verb-to-be. The verbs in the first paragraph are in the correct form. I woke up feeling cold. I was lying on the floor. I could not move. My hands and feet were tied and I started to yell loudly. Immediately the door .. A man with a mask
1. open

.. in. He .. me two packet drinks and a bag of

buns. He .. my hands but .. me to keep quiet.

Then he .. the room and .. the door.

I .. to look around. It .. an empty room.

There .. cob-webs hanging from the ceiling. The floor

.. covered with a thick layer of dust. The walls .

bare except for a yellow and torn poster .. on one of them.

Suddenly, my eyes .. sight of a shaft of light.

There .. a small window on the wall opposite the

doorway. Quickly I .. up and .. to the window.

Unfortunately, I .. not reach it. My eyes .. to a

corner where a wooden box .. . I .. the box to

the window and .. on it.

I .. hear the sound of traffic so I knew I ..

in a town. As I .. out , I .. a street below.

Outside on the street, there .. crowd of youngsters. They

.. getting ready for a bicycle race. I .. to think

fast on how to get their attention.

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(b) THE USE OF REPORTED SPEECH When writing narratives, we often give a report of a conversation or of what someone has said. To do this, we change the actual words of the speaker into Reported Speech. The following is an example of a conversation that can be changed into Reported Speech in a narrative. Tamsir Zurina Tamsir Zurina : Zurina, have you seen the ticket that I bought for the Thomas Cup badminton finals? : No, I havent. Why dont you see whether it is in your desk drawer? : Now I remember. I left it in the pocket of the trousers I wore yesterday. : Well, youd better settle for watching the match on T.V. I have just washed those trousers.

The conversation above can be changed into Reported Speech thus: One day, Tamsir came home and asked Zurina if she had seen the ticket he had bought for the Thomas Cup badminton finals. Zurina told him that she had not seen it and suggested that he should look for it in his desk drawer. It was then that Tamsir remembered that he had left it in the pocket of the trousers he had worn the day before. Zurina advised him to settle for watching the match on T.V. because she had just washed those trousers.

(c) COHESIVENESS In narrative writing it is important to arrange events or happenings according to the time in which they occur. Describing a series of happenings in a time sequence is called chronological development. The following story shows how linking words and phrases are used to do this. These linking words and phrases have been underlined.

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A Journey by Air My first journey by air was almost my last. I arrived at the airport an hour before we boarded the plane at eleven. Not long after this our flight started. Just as the stewardesses started to serve lunch, the plane began to shake frighteningly. At first, we thought it was just bad weather. We were told to stay in our seats and to fasten our seat belts. Then the plane began to dip. We were speeding towards the ground. Just when we thought that we had only minutes to live, the plane leveled out. Next, it started to gain height. Twenty minutes later, much to our relief, we landed safely.

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks in the following narrative with suitable linking words and phrases from the list below: Do not use any linking word or phrase more than once. after next later on at noon lastly then after this first as soon as two weeks later

One day, (1) .. two men robbed a jewellery store. They wore masks and had guns. (2) .. they herded the frightened customers and staff together. (3) .. one of them broke the glass counters and got all the jewellery, which he put into a suitcase. (4).. they fled with their loot. Unknown to them, a hidden camera had taken pictures of the robbery. (5.. the police came. (6) .. they arrived, they looked for fingerprints. (7) .. they questioned all those present at the robbery. (8) .. they took away the film of the robbery for their investigations. (9) .. the robbers were arrested and, (10) a short trial, were sentenced to four years in prison.
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(d) PLOT The plot of a story is its framework. It is the storyline of, for example, how a character changes or how a mystery is solved or how an enemy is defeated. A story, to be interesting, must have a good plot. Example: A plot for a story entitled Tricked may be as follows: Situation : A character got a telephone call telling him that his father was in hospital.

Development : He rushed there and found that his father was not the hospital. Conclusion : He went home and discovered that his house had been broken into.

(e) CHARACTERISATION The theme of a narrative or story is usually what happens to the main character, how he solves a problem, how he deals with a difficult situation or how he interacts with other characters. Thus, a story is incomplete without characters. You can create a character for a story by using the following questions to guide you. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Who is this character? Is he/she to be the hero or the villain? What kind of a person is he / she? What does he/she look like? What outstanding characteristic does he/she show in the story? Does he/she show courage, honesty, humour, stubbornness or diligence? The following is an example of a narrative which contains: (i) a description of a character (ii) an account of an incident which illustrates his most outstanding characteristic

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Ishak was a very wealthy man. A humble person, he led a simple life and was always plainly but neatly dressed. One day, he walked into a very expensive an exclusive jewellery shop. He wanted to buy a present for his wife. However, he was so poorly dressed that an assistant refused to serve him. Ishak left the shop, went to the bank and returned to the shop carrying a large bag. He dumped the heavy bag on the counter. The assistant ordered him to leave. Ignoring him, Ishak asked to see the manager. The manager recognized who the customer was, apologized profusely to him and reprimanded the assistant. After Ishak had selected a necklace, he presented the assistant with the bag. It contained $1000 in ten-sen coins. Ishak insisted that the assistant count the coins 10,000 coins in all.

c) WRITING A NARRATIVE When you write a narrative or story, you should try to make sure that it has the following: a. Introduction This should be an interesting beginning that captures the readers interest or arouses his curiosity. This makes him want to read on to the end. Example It was on a dark dismal night ten years ago that the strangest event in Peters life occurred. He was walking home along a dark, lonely stretch of road after a night out with friends when he was joined by a stranger, a beautiful woman, who was going in the same direction. b. Development A well thought-out development is one in which you build up the suspense in order to sustain the readers interest. Example It was past midnight. A strong wind was blowing, emitting a high pitched whine. The tall swaying trees cast mysterious shadows on the road. Peter and the woman walked along in silence. After a while, he asked her where she was going. Since she did not reply, he asked her again. This time she must have heard because she told him that she was going to an abandoned mansion near an old cemetery.

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c. Conclusion It is good to end a narrative with something unexpected. An interesting ending can describe a sudden turn of events or give a new twist to the story. Example Having heard that the mansion was haunted, he asked her, Arent you afraid of ghosts? No, she answered and disappeared into thin air right in front of his eyes.

4. HOW TO MAKE YOUR STORY INTERESTING? One way is to get the reader involved in your story. The reader should be able to experience the feelings of the characters in the story. Here are some examples: Title : Kidnapped (Sam has been kidnapped and confined in a room. Here, he is waiting to make a daring escape) Aim : to build suspense

Sam heard the heavy thud of boots on the cement floor. He knew that it was one of the kidnappers coming to check on him. He waited. His heart started to beat fast and he felt a lump rise in this throat. Then he heard the kidnapper thrust the key into the old, rusty lock. Sam darted and positioned himself behind the door. The hinges creaked as the door was flung open. This was the moment he was waiting for.

Title : A Frightening Encounter (Jim is walking through a jungle alone at night) Aim : to arouse fear

The night was dark and mysterious. Why do nights always appear so frightening when you are alone? Joe was not one who believed in ghosts or goblins. Yet he felt a cold fear creep up his spine. An eerie silence enveloped the jungle. All of a sudden, there was a gush of cold wind. It growled and howled. Jim felt the presence of another being, something evil and ominous. Was it man or beast? Not daring to look behind him, he quickened his pace.

Title : A Joyous Occasion (Sheila has just celebrated her twenty-first birthday. She happily recollects the events of the previous day.) Aim : to show happiness

As her gaze fell on the bouquet roses, her lips curled into a smile. There was laughter in her eyes as she danced around the room. Only a few hours ago, she had celebrated her twenty-first birthday. The roses were given by a mysterious admirer. Who could he be? It must be someone who knew her well, someone who knew that roses were her favourite. Her eyes fluttered like the wings of a butterfly at the thought. Title: A Broken Promise (Kim Hock is angry and hurt when his friend did not keep her promise) Aim: to portray feelings of hurt and anger Kim Hock was mad with rage. He clenched his fists and blinked away his tears. The more he thought about it, the angrier he became. He had never felt so let down, so humiliated. How could she do this to him! He tried to keep himself occupied so that he would forget the whole incident. But try as he might, he could not get it off his mind. No, he will not forgive her. This time, she had gone a bit too far. As you can see from the above examples, describing the feelings of the characters can make your stories effective and interesting. We can describe feelings in a number of ways: 1 Through words HAPPY blissful content cheerful delighted elated ecstatic euphoria merry pleased incensed SAD anguished bereaved dejected depressed desperate disappointed miserable unhappy cheerless ANGRY affronted irate annoyed infuriated displeased indignant disturbed outraged enraged riled exasperated peevish fuming vexed furious joyless

jubilant jolly joyous joyful gratified glad exuberant overjoyed thrilled

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SURPRISED amazed stunned astonished shocked astounded puzzled confused mystified dazed flabbergasted dumbfounded

FED UP annoyed by exhausted nauseated by weary of worn out by vexed by

ASHAMED abashed embarrassed humiliated shy

HUNGRY famished ravenous have a voracious appetite

DISAPPOINTED embittered frustrated

AFRAID frightened dread nervous terrified

LIKE approve of revel appreciate relish admire take pleasure in cherish hold dear delight in to enjoy be fond of esteem 2 Through actions To show happiness He shed tears of joy He shouted with joy

DISLIKE abhor be repelled by abominate recoil from despise be hostile detest have an aversion to execrate hate

To show sadness He cried his heart out. He locked himself in the room and refused to speak to anyone. To show fear He went weak at the knees on hearing the news. His voice shook as he spoke. He cringed at the thought of seeing the discipline master. She screamed in terror.

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To show shock He stared into thin air. On hearing the news, he sank into the sofa. She fainted. He remained speechless for a long time. He was dumbfounded when he heard the news. 3 Through color imagery 4 Her face turned ashen. He was scarlet with anger. He saw red when his brother took his money. The colour drained from his face. His face turned crimson.

Through figurative or idiomatic expressions He was on cloud nine. She had butterflies in her stomach. She felt her world going to pieces. The children were in high spirits when they knew they were going for a movie. My father was in low spirits when he lost his job. His heart exploded with joy when he saw he son who went missing. His face swelled with anger. The news of his mothers death almost choked him. He looked at her and then burst out laughing. He seethed his hatred when he saw his enemy. They were consumed by bitterness and anguish at the loss of their only son. She felt a wave of relief when she heard that he survived the air crash. Her eyes lit up when she recognized the familiar voice of her daughter. She turned her blazing gaze at her husband when he gambled away all his money. He wears a worried look. The colour drained from his face when he received the telegram. She looked radiant when she entered the room in her evening gown. She found herself at her lowest ebb, having no money or friends.

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5 Through comparisons

He felt as if he had just struck the jackpot. He felt as if he had won a million dollars. He felt like a drowning man. He felt like a drowning man being pulled out of water. He looked as if he had just seen a ghost.

MODEL ESSAY Kidnapped When I woke up, I found myself lying down on the cold, damp cement floor. My hands and feet were tied. I was too dazed and muzzy to figure out where I was or what I was doing in this strange place. Then, the incidents of the previous day came flooding into my memory. I had parked my bicycle in the empty porch. My parents had gone overseas on a business trip. Against their wishes, I had insisted on staying at home alone. As soon as I entered my house, someone leapt from behind the door and grabbed me. I had no time to scram as the second intruder covered my mouth with a chloroform-soaked cloth and I blacked out. I do not recall how I was brought to this place. I struggled to sit up and when I finally did, I looked around me. I realized that I was being confined to a small room measuring about 2.5m long and 2m wide. The shutters were closed tight. The room was bare except for a thermos flask in one corner. A shaft of light filtered into the room. Was I kidnapped? Different thoughts raced through my mind. When the fear and panic ebbed away, I slowly made my way to the door. It was locked from the outside just as I had suspected. I heard voices outside the room. Then, through a crack in the door, I saw tow men, one speaking into a handphone while the other watched. I strained my ears to listen to the conversation Do you have the money? his voice thundered. You better have it by Monday or you will never see your son. With that, he threw the handphone aside. My worst suspicions and fears were confirmed. The kidnappers had been discussing the ransom with my parents. Monday! Today is Sunday and tomorrow is Monday. The realization came as a shock. There was not much time left. I waited until the kidnappers left. Then, almost immediately and with determined effort, I wriggled free from the ropes that bound me. I made my way to the shutters. A few shutters were missing and in their place, a piece of plywood was nailed. Using all my strength, I wrestled with it, clawing at the nails. Crying with anger and frustration, I was on the verge of giving up when

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a jagged piece of the hoard peeled off. I ripped off the rest and climbed out through the hole. There was a burning sensation all over my limbs which were matted with blood. Then, I ran as fast as my legs would carry me. After hours of running and groping through a secondary jungle in the dark, I saw lights flickering in the distance. Fear and exhaustion were taking their toll but I managed to make my way to one of the houses. I pleaded with the occupants to take me to the nearest police station, which they obliged. Overcome with joy and relief, I started crying. At the police station, I lodged a report and later I was reunited with my family. Two days later, the police informed us that the kidnappers had been caught.

SPM PRACTICE 1. One day you made a bad mistake which upset other people. Write about how you tried to put things right. Write a story entitled The Escape Write a story beginning, When John met Alice, the two took an instant dislike for each other. Write a story entitled Ghosts Write a story with the title: The Broken Promise Write a story that ends with the following sentence: He had never felt so ashamed in his life. Write a story that ends with: Finally, after all those years, peace was restored. Write a story that ends with the following sentence: Smiling, he patted the money in his pocket and then closed his eyes. Write a story beginning with: It was a hot night, but I felt cold all over.

2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7.

8.

9.

10. The day you agreed to babysit your neighbours child.

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6 DESCRIPTIVE WRITING 1. In this unit you will be guided to write a good and detailed description of a. b. a person a place

2. In descriptive writing, you must use your observation and experience to make your description vivid and interesting to read. Before you write, ask yourself the following questions: a. What or who am I describing? b. What is the purpose of my description? c. Who is my reader? d. How should I write my description? 3. To develop your description, remember to include the following : a. introduction b. development c. conclusion

A. DESCRIPTION OF A PERSON When you describe a person, you may consider the following : a. Physical Features/Physical Attributes of A Person (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Is he/she tall/short/fat? What is the colour / length/texture/condition of his/her hair What is the condition of his/her clothes What kind of face/mouth/eyes/voice does she /he have?

b. Character/Personality Traits Is he/she: (i) honest/ trustworthy/ affectionate/ good-natured? (ii) conceited/ sensitive/ understanding? (iii) warm/ biased/ intolerable? c. Opinions about the person (i) What do you think of him/her? (ii) What do others think of him/her? (iii) What does he/she think of himself/herself?
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Physical Attributes Of A Person HEIGHT AND BUILD tall and slim short and fat medium height muscular plump overweight Exercise 1 Add more physical descriptions to the list above. Personality Traits Of A Person To describe the personality traits of a person, you can use: (i) adjectives (ii) similes (iii) idiomatic expressions (i) Adjectives FACE fair dark wrinkled oval-shaped HAIR wavy straight curly blonde bald receding hairline SPECIAL FEATURES beard moustaches pimpled dimpled a mole a scar
APPEARANCE

smart elegant well-dressed attractive unkempt shabby untidy

Exercise 2 Find out the meaning of the following adjectives : Cruel Friendly Calculative Responsible Unpopular Honest ....... ....... ....... ....... Exercise 3 List down more adjectives to describe the personality traits of a person.
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Caring Humble Independent Flirtatious Bossy Hot-tempered ....... ....... ....... .......

Jovial Mean Generous Arrogant Diligent Polite ....... ....... ....... .......

Persuasive Greedy Selfish Capable ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... .......

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Exercise 4 From the list, identify and categorise the adjectives into positive and negative traits to describe a person. Positive Traits friendly . kind . . . . . (ii) Similes Exercise 5 Add more similes to the list below. as ageless as the sun as brave as a lion as hungry as a wolf as proud as a peacock .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... (iii) Idiomatic expressions Exercise 6 Add more idiomatic expressions to the list below the apple of ones eye couch potato daredevil .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... Negative Traits unfriendly . mean . . . . .

.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................

.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................

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Model Essay My Room-mate Introduction - Who? - Background My room-mate from Kuala Lumpur and is doing the same course as I am. We have been very close friends since our Malay College days. We have been through thick and thin for more than eight years, sharing both joyous and sad occasions. We have a special bond between us. My room-mate is only four and a half feet tall. His large nose, jet-black curly hair and his moon-shaped face are his most prominent features. Although curly, my roommates hair is well-groomed and neat. My room-mate unlike me, always has that worried expression on his face. A smile is rather unusual. However, whenever he flashes one, he looks really handsome. His harsh and deep voice commands the respect Personality traits/Character of his friends. Being firm, he always gets things done. Emotionally, he is stable, although temperamental occasionally and even stubborn like a mule sometimes. The thing I like about of him is his warmth and altruism. He is always prepared to help anyone either academically or financially. Hence the name Mr Nice Guy. My room-mate comes from a well to-do family. The shirts and jackets he wears and even the toiletries he uses indicates this. In spite of all this, he is humble and generally pleasant. That is why he is so likeable. In all the years I have known him, he has never displayed pride in his actions. Although fussy about cleanliness and eating habits, he is otherwise a lovely person to know. I am indeed happy to have him as my room-mate because I have learnt so much from him. I have even managed to accept some of his values and beliefs as they are meaningful to me. To many who do not know him at all, he may appear to be a bore or a snob or both. I thought he was a snob when I first met him. A first impression like this is often wrong. My room-mate is a wonderful person who is always there when you need him.

Physical description

Personal experience/ opinion

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Exercise 7 Write a composition of about 350 words on one of the following topics. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) My Hero A Person I Admire An Unforgettable Character My Neighbour A Stranger I Met Three Interesting Characters In My Class

DESCRIPTION OF PLACES Model Essay OUTLINE DESCRIPTION

Of the three main hill resorts in Peninsula Malaysia, all of which are located in the state of Pahang. Cameron Introduction Highlands is the most popular and is frequented by both local and foreign tourists. Located on the north-west of Pahang, Cameron Highlands is about 4 hour drive from either Kuala Lumpur Location or Penang. Its strategic location makes it a favourite weekend escapade for urbanites from all over the country. Cameron Highlands is accessible by road. Visitors to the highlands would first have to pass through the small , quaint town of Tapah. Then, from Tapah, it takes about an How to get there hours drive to reach the Highlands. For those who are faint-hearted, the ride along the steep, narrow roads can be quite an unnerving experience as there are numerous hairpin bends along the 40 km route from Tapah. Its high altitude together with its invigorating coolness will Climate/Weather leave a person refreshed and is the ideal place for people recuperating from illness. Although the mushrooming of hotels and other tourism projects are fast changing its skyline, Cameron Highlands is much sought after by those seeking to escape from the rat race and the hustle and bustle of the city. The highlands are dotted with numerous vegetable farms, nurseries and tea plantations. This is a welcoming change for those who long to get away from the concrete jungle. The rose gardens with their many varieties and colours will enrapture you. If roses are not your favourite, then you can have your pick from the other options. There are strawberry or butterfly farms or just miles and miles of green tea plantations.

Attractions

Nature lovers will not be disappointed as a large part of its pristine forests still remain as they are, untouched by commercialism. The rich and colourful flora and fauna will no doubt, enthral outdoor lovers. For the adventurous, there are well laid jungle paths to Gunung Brinchang and Gunung Beremban. Hikers will certainly enjoy traversing the jungle paths, for they are well-maintained and easy to follow. If you find the jungle trails a little monotonous, the blossoms of brightly-coloured wild flowers along the way will provide an interesting diversion There are cascading waterfalls and picturesque lakes. Although the chilly weather and freezing waters will make you think twice about whether or not to don your swimming wear, you can enjoy the solitude of nature with only the swish swashing of the waterfalls and the gurgling waters to disturb you. Anglers can have a whale of time as the rivers and lakes here abound with fish. And if fishing is not your cup of tea, then you will be satisfied just to savour the many breathtaking views the highlands have to offer. Accommodation and food In the highlands there are many hotels, bungalows and chalets. You can also have a choice of cheap local or western cuisine in the many restaurants found in the highlands towns. Cameron Highlands is an ideal place to have an idyllic holiday. You can enjoy a peaceful, pollution-free holiday, away from the busy, polluted and stressful city.

Activities

Conclusion

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Suggested vocabulary to describe places breathtaking comfortable cosy crammed crowded dark bustling chaotic deserted dusty exotic filthy haunted hilly historic lonely messy mountainous muddy narrow noisy panoramic peaceful picturesque pollution free remote quaint sandy serene scenic shady spacious spectacular tidy tranquil peaceful unique

Vocabulary to describe journey enjoyable pleasant relaxing steep gradient . . . Exercise 1 Add more words to the list above to describe places and to describe journey Exercise 2 Write a composition of about 350 words on one of the following topics. (a) (b) (c) (d) An Interesting Place/Holiday A Place I would like To Go For a Holiday A Place I Will Never Forget A Local Tourist Destination tiring nerve-wrecking winding . . . .

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7 SUMMARY WRITING ANALYSIS OF PAST YEARS QUESTIONS SECTION C : SUMMARY Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Types of passages Extract from magazine Narrative Extract from magazine Factual Extract from magazine Narrative Extract from newspaper Descriptive Extract from magazine Descriptive Extract from newspaper Factual Extract from magazine - Factual

1 Guideline for summary writing problems and solutions Problem 1 Candidates tend to start their summary at the wrong paragraph. Solution Candidates have to study the question closely, know where to start from the instruction given. For example, from lines 5 to 45 Problem 2 Candidates tend to start summarizing by picking out any sentences. Solution Read the passage carefully, and try to look for what you are supposed to summarise; action, feeling, ideas, steps, etc. Then, underline those sentences. After that, transfer the underlined sentences onto another piece of paper.

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Problem 3 There will be too many sentences and words. Solution Eliminate any examples by looking at the key words; for example, for instance, such as, like or the use of colon to indicate proceeding list. Problem 4 There will be a limited number of own words. Solution Look at the sentences. Then identify words that you know. Replace them with other words without distorting the meaning. For example: The word assistance can be replaced with the word help or bad looking can be replaced by the word ugly. Problem 5 There is no cohesiveness. Solution Use linkers such as but, therefore, so, however, next, finally, etc. to link the sentences. Problem 6 It is still exceeding the number of words allowed. Solution Study it again and try to cross out words that are unnecessary. Should there be no possible way of doing it, resort to crossing out non content words such as be verbs or articles.

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Problem 7 How should it be written? Solution In one paragraph. Count the number of words and write it on the right hand side a few lines after the paragraph. Problem 8 How to make it easy to count? Solution Draw grids. For example 10 x 13 = 130 words. It will be easy for you to count and the examiners to recount.

2 How to write a summary. 1. 2. Read the question carefully. (Need not read the whole text again) Underline the keywords in the question. (What are the keywords you are required to summarise) Mark with a line from which line to which line you are to summarise. Then, begin to read carefully. As you read, underline the points, bearing in mind the key words. Example: (2007 BI SPM Paper) the steps that should be taken to plant a young tree

3. 4.

The keyword is steps. 5. 6. Do not add any of your own points. Write out the summary. If you are able to use own words, it would be an advantage. However, you may lift the contents but lift intelligently.

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3 SOME SUGGESTIONS WHEN LIFTING 1. If the relevant point is at the beginning of a very long sentence, take only the part concerned and eliminate the rest. It the part concerned is not hanging, you can put a full stop, otherwise add one or two words at the end of the sentence. Example: Text: After working tirelessly for a few months, I decided to take my family for a holiday at Pulau Kapas. This island is not as famous as Pulau Redang or Pulau Tioman but it is definitely a paradise on earth. Begin your summary as follows: I took my family for a holiday to Pulau Kapas Note that the sentence does not need any additional words. A full stop will do.

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If the relevant point is at the end of a very long sentence, take only the relevant part and eliminate the rest. You may or may not need to add any word before the part concerned. Example: The effect of smoking. Text: It is generally accepted today that environmental tobacco smoke is a major cause of indoor pollution. Smoking tobacco causes indoor pollution.

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SECTION D : LITERATURE Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Poems Si Tenggangs Homecoming If Monsoon History Sonnet 18 Si Tenggangs Homecoming The Road Not Taken Si Tenggangs Homecoming Short Stories The Necklace The Sound Machine The Drovers Wife The Lotus Eater Looking for a Rain God The Drovers Wife Novel Favourite character An important moral lesson Character you sympathize with Most memorable event & reasons Theme of Love in a family Determined character Character you look up to

8 POEMS a) IF LINES If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it and you MEANINGS If you can be calm and sensible when others around you are blaming you for their bad luck. (Value- rational) You need to believe in yourself when If you can trust yourself when al l men others think that you are wrong. Do doubt you not be angry and also consider their But make allowance for their doubting ideas too too (Value-self confidence) If you can wait and not be tired by waiting Or being lied about dont deal in lies Or being hated dont give way to hating And yet dont look too good, nor talk too wise You need to be patient and not give up. Do not lie although others tell lies about you ( Value- patience) Although others hate you, you should not hate them back. Be humble and moderate in your speech and appearance (Value-forgiving)

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If you can dream and not make dream your master If you can think- and not make thoughts your aim If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster And treat those two imposters just the same If you can bear to hear the truth youve spoken Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken And stoop and build em up with worn-out-tools If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-andtoss And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a word about your loss If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone And so hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: Hold on! If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue Or walk with Kings- nor lose the common touch

If you have any ambition, work towards achieving them. You need to act on your plan (Value- hardworking) If you achieve success or meet with failure accept both situations as they are. (Value- humble) Remain calm when people manipulate your words for their own benefits and also toke advantage of the innocent. (Value-patience) Do not be upset when your life effort is destroyed by dishonest people. Work to start all over again. (Value-do not give up) You should be willing to take risk and not be afraid of the material loss. (Value-brave) If you fail, start all over again without complaining. (Value- do not give up) You must have strength and determination to continue even in your weakness moment. (Value- perseverance) You must have the will power to continue consistently in your attitude even when faced with difficulties. (Value- determination) You must be humble when mixing with people of all walk of life. (Value- humility)

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If neither foes nor loving friends can You must be fair to all regardless of hurt you your friends or enemies. If all men count with you, but none too (Value- just) much If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds worth of distance run Yours is the Earth and everything thats in it And- which is more youll be a Man, my son! Time is precious. (Value- use time wisely)

You can have the whole world and you will be a complete person

b) SONNET 18 LINES Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May And summers lease hath all too short a date Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmd And every fair from fair sometimes declines By chance, or natures changing course, untrimmd But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst Nor shall Death brag thou wandrest in his shade When in eternal lines to time thou growst So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see
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MEANINGS The poet is comparing his beloved to a beautiful sunny summers day His beloved is more beautiful and moderate in her behaviour unlike summer which could be hot or cold The strong wind in summer can destroy the beautiful flower buds that appear in May Summer is short as it lasts a few months. Summer sometimes shines strongly At times the sun is hidden by clouds. Beauty may not last forever. The beauty could be destroyed accidentally or through aging. However his beloved will not lose her beauty. Her beauty will last forever. Even death cannot take her beauty away Her beauty will remain forever As long as they are people who will read this poem
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c) THE MONSOON HISTORY LINES The air is wet, soaks into mattresses, and curls in apparitions of smoke. Like fat white slugs furled Among the timber, Or silver fish tunneling The damp linen covers of schoolbooks Or walking Quietly like centipedes The air walking everywhere On its hundred feet Is filled with the glare Of tropical water Again we are taken over By clouds and rolling darkness Small snails appear Clashing their timid horns Among the morning glory Vines Drinking milo Nyonya and baba sit at home This was forty years ago Sarong-wrapped they counted Silver paper for the dead Portraits of grandfathers Hung always in the parlour Reading Tennyson, at six p.m. in pajamas, MEANINGS The atmosphere is cold, wet and misty. The wet air is full of vapour that looks like slugs on pieces of timber. The covers of the schoolbooks feel wet and we the image silverfish insects inside the books. The damp air caresses the skin like centipedes crawling on you. The suns glare is reflected on spots of water found everywhere. Dark clouds in the sky shows that it is going to rain again. The small snails appear among the morning glory vines because of the cold weather. The Chinese couple , who has adopted some Malay culture, drinks Milo at home. This incident happened forty years ago. The Chinese couple counted paper money that will be offered to dead and it is part of Chinese culture. They hung pictures of their ancestors as a sign of respect. The poet reads English poem in the evening, wearing pyjamas. This shows the influence of western education. As she reads, the rain is falling heavily outside. The air is filled with sounds of insects that come out during rainy season.

Listening to down pouring rain the air ticks with gnats, black spiders fly

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Moths sweep out of our rooms Where termites built Their hills of eggs and queens zoom in heat We wash our feet for bed Watch mother uncoil Her snake hair Unbuckle The silver mesh around her waist Waiting for father pacing The sand as fishers pull From the Straits after monsoon The air is still, silent Like sleepers rocked in the pantun, Sheltered by Malacca This was forty years ago, When nyonya married baba.

Moths are flying around the rooms. White ants have built their nests and they multiply during summer. The children are getting ready for bed. Washing the feet is a Malay culture. Mother lets her hair down. Mother releases her belt round her waist The children are waiting for their father who is at the beach waiting for the fishermen to come back after the heavy rain The air is calm and tranquil There is an image of peace and harmony at the end of the day This incident happened forty years ago when the poets parents lived in the nyonya baba traditions

9 NOVEL a) Guidelines for answering questions on the novel BI SPM 2007 Question It is important to have a person you look up to in your life. From the novel that you have read, write about one character that you look up to. Give reasons why you choose him/her. No. 1 2 Guidelines State the novel (the title) Samples The novel The Pearl written by John Steinbeck is about Scores

Mention the One character that I look up to is Kino. character you choose Do not drift to other character; Discuss the character you earlier mentioned
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I always look up to Juana. He finds the greatest pearl in the world.

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Mention a minimum of three points Support reasons with textual evidences

1. She is brave and protective. 2. She is a loyal wife. 3. She is a loving and caring mother. This shows she is brave enough to take action to provide the best for the family even though She is a loyal wife. Although she is beaten up violently by Kino, she still forgives him and decides to follow his plans. Not only that, Juana is also a loyal wife. When Kino finds that she is trying to throw the pearl away, he quickly goes after her I salute her for being able to be patient and loyal to Kino even after his violent action against her. In conclusion, Juana shows a lot of good values which should be practised by everyone. Kino is a strong man because he found the pearl of the world and tries to sell it. stung instead of bitten brush house instead of hut canoe instead of boat

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Provide reasons

Make sure the response is relevant to the task Make sure the response is convincing Conclude the answer Make sure there is no mixture of tenses Make sure to use correct words/terms

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b) Sample Scripts No. Excerpts from Sample Scripts The important person that I look up to in my life is Kino. Because Kino is simple and uneducated pearl fisherman. When he find the pearl, he changed her dreams of getting married in the church. He dreams of new clothes for him and his family. He dream of getting harpoon and the refile. He dreams of Coyotito getting an education. Because of his dream, he changed.
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Comments - not convincing - detailed but not relevant to the specified task - lack of textual evidence - frequent errors but meaning is not in doubt
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Juana is obedient person. When she throw the pearl, Kino kick Juana and angry. Then she obey the husband and followed her.

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- not enough details - intermittently relevant to the task - very frequent errors with blurring in meaning - textual evident is provided with some development - lack of details - relevant to the task - meaning is never in doubt - detailed and relevant

Kino is a very protective person. When the scorpion stung his baby, he killed the scorpion straight away.

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Kino also has another good trait. He has a very high determination. He seeks for the best price to sell his Pearl of the World. He wants to have a proper wedding in church with Juana and he is determined to send Coyotito to school. Kino is a person who is very determined. He wants to have the best price for the sale of his pearl. Kino is a determined person. He wants to sell the pearl.

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- less detailed

- very less detailed / no detail at - all

Reminders for Section D 1. This section contains three parts; a) b) c) 2. 3. Question 32 - poem (3 @ 4 sub-questions, 5 marks), Question 33 - short story (3 @ 4 sub-questions, 5 marks) Question 34 - novel (1 question, 15 marks).

Read the questions. Try to understand what is needed in each of the questions. Based on understanding of the literature texts and situation given in the questions, write the suitable and appropriate answers.

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d) Question 32 (Poem) and Question 33 (Short Story) 1. Read the extracts given. 2. Identify the poem and the short story chosen. 3. Identify the literary and language elements in each of the literature texts chosen. 4. The answers could be in the extracts given. Therefore, the best final resort is to lift relevant sentences or lines from the extracts. 5. Short answers or note-form answers are generally adequate to get full marks. 6. The last sub-question usually needs personal response. Give logical and reasonable answer. Give reason if it is needed. 7. Understanding of the whole text is very important and useful. You must be familiar with all the texts. 8. Attempt must be made. e) Question 34 (Novel) 2. Ensure :a) the novel is mentioned/chosen b) the choice of character/theme/value/point is made c) reasons are given d) the response is up to the task throughout e) the answer is relevant f) the answer is well-developed g) textual evidence is given h) the answer is convincing 3. In short, the answer should be elaborated and well-developed with consistently relevant explanations and examples from actual events in the story. 4. You can predict some questions and prepare/practise model answers for each of the questions. 5. On top of all, you MUST READ AND BE FAMILIAR WITH all the literature texts (the novel, the 6 poems and the 5 short stories) on your own.

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f) Sample questions and model answers Question 34 (Novel) 1. People have dreams and hopes of a better life. Discuss the statement based on one novel that you have read.

Model Answer In The Pearl written by John Steinbeck, the story revolves around the discovery of the pearl and how it affects the person who owns it and those around who desire it. Kino, being poor, hopes to get rich and provide an education for his son and a better home for his wife. He innocently thinks that all the problems will be solved. He dreams of finally being able to pay for his church wedding. He plans to send his son, Coyotito to school. He also dreams of owning a rifle which is really a wish to be on equal terms with the rich. In fact, Kino is not the only person who plans for a better future. The Doctor who is rich wants to be richer and does not mind how he becomes rich. He also hopes to return to Paris to lead a civilized life in a place that has always been in his heart. The others in the story such as the Priest also secretly plan to benefit from the sale of Kinos pearl. The Priest wishes to repair the church. While the beggars outside the church hope that Kino will give more alms to them. The shopkeepers want to sell off their unsold mens clothes. Even the pearl buyers want to make profit from the sale of the pearl so that they can start their own business. The discovery of the pearl therefore brings dreams and hopes of a better life for many people in the story.

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2. What lesson about life have you learnt from the novel you have studied? Use information from the novel to show this.

Model Answer There are a number of lessons in the novel The Pearl written by John Steinbeck. One of the lessons that I have learnt from this novel is that one must not exploit the poor. In this story, the Priest is a good example of someone who is willing to exploit the poor for his own gain. The Priest suddenly becomes interested in Kino and his family after the discovery of the Pearl of the World by Kino. His thoughts about the repair work that needs to be done for the church are a clear example of exploitation of the ignorant and the poor. The Priest knows very well that simple-minded people like Kino will do anything for the church and they will never question the decision or request made by an authority figure like a priest. In addition, he also takes advantage on Kinos instant good fortune by offering Kino and Juana to have church wedding and their baby to be baptised. At the same time, the Priest reminds the poor villagers that they must accept their hard life and remain where they are. Instead of helping the villagers to improve their lives, he teaches them not to rise above their station in life. The Doctor is another character who exploits the poor natives. He deliberately exploits Kino upon hearing the news that Kino has found the Pearl of the World. He quickly comes to Kinos house to treat Coyotito after the baby has been stung by a scorpion. However, he cheats Kino by giving fake medicine that subsequently makes the baby very sick. Although Kino suspects the doctors help, he is not able to do anything to prevent such exploitation. Apart from that, the pearl buyers are also the ones who intentionally exploit the poor pearl divers. Although they have separate offices, they are actually working together to make profits as much as they can at the expense of the poor. In the case of Kino, they have agreed to claim that Kinos pearl is valueless although they are actually interested in gaining profit from the sale. They cheat the price as they offer lower price, too much lower than the one expected by Kino. In conclusion, there are various instances in the story that show the poor are exploited by the unscrupulous characters. It is true the lesson here is that one must not exploit the poor.

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3. The characters in the novel you have studied develop on the element of hope. Identify this element by quoting evidence from the text. No. 1 Points Kino to marry Juana in the church Kino to buy new dress and shoes Kino to buy a new harpoon to replace the one he had lost Textual Evidences In the pearl he saw Juana and Coyotito and himself standing and kneeling at the high altar (Ch.3, p.24, Para 2, Line 8) In the pearl he saw how they were dressed (Ch.3, p.24, Para 3, Line 13 Then to the lovely grey surface of the pearl came the little things Kino wanted (Ch.3, p.24, Para 5, Line 25) Then to the lovely grey surface of the pearl came the little things Kino wanted (Ch.3, p.24, Para 5, Line 25) My son will go to school (Ch.3, p.25, Para 4, Line 24) It came to the priest walking in his garden, and it put a thoughtful look in his eyes and a memory of certain repairs necessary to the church. (Ch.3, p.21, Para 2, Line 13) The news came to the shopkeeper (Ch.3, p.21, Para 2, Line 18) The doctor looked past his aged patient (Ch.3, p.22, Para 3, Line 9)

Kino to buy a Winchester carbine rifle Kino to send Coyotito to school

The Priest wishes to repair the church

The shopkeeper wants to sell of his unsold mens clothes The Doctor hopes to return to Paris

The beggars hope for more The news came early to the beggars alms (Ch.3, p.22, Para 2, Line 12) The pearl buyers want to make profit from the sale of the pearl so that they can start their own business

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And each one thought how with some capital (Ch.3, p.23, Para 1, Line 3)

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4.

Symbolism is the use of an object or a person which represents a quality or an idea. Choose a symbol from the novel you have studied and discuss its significance.

No.

Points the symbol chosen is the pearl

Textual Evidences And the beauty of the pearl, winking and glimmering in the light of the little candle (Ch.3, p.39, the whole para) But Kino and Juana did not know these things, because they were happy and excited (Ch.3, p.23, Para3, Line19) The news stirred up something infinitely black and evil in the town (Ch.3, p.23, Para 2, Line 13) When do you think you can pay this bill? When I have sold my pearl I will pay you. (Ch.3, p.34, Para 5, Line 27) But the music of the pearl was shrilling with triumph in Kino. Juana looked up (Ch.3, p.25, Para 3, Line 16) He was a man transfigured. Some power was given to him, and there it started. (Ch.3, p.26, Para 2, Line 17)

symbol of both good and evil

offers hope for Coyotito to be treated

represents human dreams of comfort and security

symbol of greed and envy; it becomes Kinos obsession and the object of other peoples desire

Every man suddenly became related to Kinos pearl, Kinos pearl went into the dreams, the speculations, the schemes, the plans, the futures, the wishes, the needs, the lusts, the hungers, of everyone. (Ch.3, p.23, Para 2, Line 8) And now a wild fear surged in Kinos breast, and on the fear came rage (Ch.3, p.37, Para 2, Line 9)

controls human soul

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