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ECE 2610 Midterm Review: Coverages

This document provides a review of key concepts covered in chapters 2-5 of an ECE signals and systems course. It summarizes important topics such as: 1) Properties of sinusoidal signals including frequency, period, and complex exponential representation. 2) Fourier analysis techniques including Fourier series and transforming between time and frequency domains. 3) Sampling of signals and the sampling theorem. 4) Finite impulse response (FIR) filtering using convolution, block diagrams, and MATLAB implementation. 5) Properties of linear time-invariant systems and using them to model filters.

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Fatmir Kelmendi
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59 views3 pages

ECE 2610 Midterm Review: Coverages

This document provides a review of key concepts covered in chapters 2-5 of an ECE signals and systems course. It summarizes important topics such as: 1) Properties of sinusoidal signals including frequency, period, and complex exponential representation. 2) Fourier analysis techniques including Fourier series and transforming between time and frequency domains. 3) Sampling of signals and the sampling theorem. 4) Finite impulse response (FIR) filtering using convolution, block diagrams, and MATLAB implementation. 5) Properties of linear time-invariant systems and using them to model filters.

Uploaded by

Fatmir Kelmendi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Coverages 1

ECE 2610 Midterm Review


Dr. Wickert, Spring 2011
Coverages
Chapter 2: Important Concepts
Basic sine and cosine function properties, e.g., and other
A continuous-time sinusoidal signal, , is controlled by three parameters
The period s and frequency Hz and rad/s both are inversely related to the
period
Time shifting waveforms to the left or right by , e.g.,
For a sinusoid time shift is related to phase shift (notes p. 2-12)
Complex number arithmetic, must know this!
Rectangular form ( ) for adding and subtracting
Polar form multiplying and dividing
Eulers formula and Eulers inverse formulas (very useful in ECE)
Complex exponential signals,
Rotating phasor interpretation
Phasor addition rule in the sum of sinusoids
we find and using
Chapter Text Sections Notes Pages
2 2-12-6, Appendix A 2-12-33, Quiz 1 & 2
3 3-13-8 3-13-37, 3-413-45, Quiz 3 & 4
4 4-14-2, 4-44-5 4-14-21, Quiz 5
5 5-15-7 5-15-38, Quiz 6 & 7
u sin u t 2 ( ) cos =
A e
0
t | + ( ) cos
T
0
f
0
e
0
t
0
y t ( ) x t t
0
( ) =
x jy +
re
ju
Ae
j e
0
t | + ( )
A
k
e
0
t |
k
+ ( ) cos
k 1 =
N

A e
0
t | + ( ) cos =
A |
A
k
e
j|
k
k 1 =
N

Ae
j|
=
ECE 2610 Midterm Review
Chapter 3: Important Concepts 2
Chapter 3: Important Concepts
Two-sided line spectrum for a sum of sinusoids obtained from a sequence of frequency/com-
plex amplitude pairs that correspond to the of each sinusoid and a complex
amplitude that corresponds to the magnitude and phase of each sinusoid
Eulers formula key to making this connection
DC/constant/zero frequency terms are treated as a special case
Beat notes and AM, and how the sum of two sinusoidal signals is related to the product of
two sinusoidal signals
Periodic waveforms and Fourier series
Fourier synthesis formula (sum complex exponentials to approximate )
Fourier analysis formula (integrate to get coefficients)
Simple Fourier series properties, such as computing
The spectrum of a Fourier series (harmonically related sinusoids having a fundamental
frequency)
Differences in convergence properties for say a square wave versus a triangle wave
FM chirp signals (linear chirp)
Instantaneous frequency
The spectrogram
Chapter 4: Important Concepts
Sampling sinusoidal signals to form sinusoidal sequences
via
The choice of sampling rate and the sampling theorem
Alias frequencies and the principal alias band or
The concept of the folding frequency and viewing the alias frequencies as in the Figure
on notes p. 4-13
Aliasing in a linear chirp signal
Ideal reconstruction and the ideal C-to-D converter, we map from back to frequency in
Hz using
zero-order hold versus linear interpolation
The spectrum view of sampling and reconstruction, i.e., the D-to-C keeps only those fre-
quencies on the principle alias interval for reconstruction
frequency
x t ( )
a
0
e
0
2tf
0
= e

0
e eT
s
2tf
0
f
s
= =
e t t , | | e f f
s
2 f
s
2 , | | e
e

f e

f
s
( ) 2t ( ) =
ECE 2610 Midterm Review
Chapter 5: Important Concepts 3
Chapter 5: Important Concepts
Finite impulse response filtering using a simple moving average filter and the feed-forward
difference equation
Calculating the output using a simple table (notes p. 5-3)
The general FIR filter
Unit impulse sequence, , where is an arbitrary sequence (time) shift
The impulse response,
The delay system,
Convolution sum view of FIR filtering
Calculating the output of an FIR filter using the convolution sum view, and a (more than
one works) table approach
The use of MATLABs filter function to numerically obtain the output of an FIR filter given
and the filter coefficients ; be familiar with how this works so you can interpret
simple code statements
Implementation of FIR filters using the building blocks of a multiplier, adder, and unit delay
Difference equation to block diagrams (direct form) and back
Other forms converting to difference equation
Linear time invariant systems
Proving whether or not a system is time invariant
Proving whether or not a system is linear
Convolution and LTI systems
Convolution operator
Convolution is commutative
Convolution is associative
Cascaded LTI systems:
Moving average filters as an example
o n n
0
| | n
0
h n | |
y n | | x n n
0
| | =
x n | | b
k
{ }
h n | | h
1
n | |
*
h
2
n | | =

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