www.osram.com www.osram.

de

June 2009

QUICKTRONIC DALI/DIM Technical Guide.

Dimmable Electronic Control Gears for Fluorescent Lamps.
DALI/110 V Basics Product Overview and Features Installation and Operation Instructions

Contents
1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 2 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6 2.3.7 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.5.5 2.6 2.6.1 2.7 2.7.1 2.8 2.9 2.9.1 3 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 Introduction ................................................................. 4 Dimmable lighting systems .............................................. 4 Economy......................................................................... 4 Lighting comfort .............................................................. 5 Reliability/Safety .............................................................. 6 The right control unit for every application ....................... 6 Overview of dimmable control gear ........................... 7 Block diagrams of a digital/analog dimmable ECG .......... 7 DALI in comparison to 110 V and EIB/LON.................. 8 DALI and 110 V characteristics .................................... 8 DALI installation & features ............................................ 10 Simplified installation ..................................................... 10 Construction site mode ................................................. 10 Benefits of DALI ECG in group assignment.................... 10 Integrated scene memory.............................................. 10 Status report from the ECG ........................................... 10 No more switching relays .............................................. 11 Addressing is not essential ............................................ 11 Installation and wiring instructions ................................. 11 Burning-in instructions/Cable insulation ......................... 11 Safety instructions ......................................................... 13 Radio interference suppression of dimmable luminaires ... 14 Operation of multiple ECGs in a luminaire ...................... 16 Wiring examples of dimmable electronic control gear: ... 17 The DALI interface technical details ............................ 18 The principle of the DALI system ................................... 18 DALI topology ............................................................... 19 DALI parameters in the ECG ......................................... 19 Requirements to be met by the transmission cable ....... 20 Wiring diagram for DALI ECGs ...................................... 20 DALI data transmission ................................................. 22 Behavior in the event of a fault....................................... 23 The DALI dimming curve ............................................... 23 Brief overview of the most important dimming values .... 24 Features of the digital interface ...................................... 25 Characteristics of the 110 V interface ........................ 26 The 110 V dimming curve .......................................... 28 Additional characteristics of dimmable electronic control gear from OSRAM ......................................... 29 OSRAM DALI/110 V ECGs: Added-value through intelligent features ......................................................... 29 OSRAM DALI ECGs and TouchDIM interface ................ 30 Wiring and line compensation ....................................... 31 Operating parameters for TouchDIM.............................. 32 Compensation of interference........................................ 32 TouchDIM operation ...................................................... 33 1

3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.6.1 3.2.6.2 3.2.7 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.1.1 3.5.1.2 3.5.1.3 3.5.1.4 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 3.7.5 3.7.6 3.8 3.8.1 3.8.2 3.8.3 3.8.4 3.9 3.9.1 3.9.2 4 5 5.1 6

Operating modes with TouchDIM .................................. 33 Asynchronism/Automation of the system....................... 36 Prevention/remedying of asynchronism ......................... 36 Synchronization............................................................. 36 Behavior after mains voltage failure ............................... 37 OSRAM DALI ECGs in emergency lighting applications ....37 Mains failure at the sub-distributor (UV) ......................... 39 Mains failure at the main distributor (HV) ........................ 40 Emergency DC operation of the lighting system without monitoring module ........................................................ 40 QTi DALI: Advantages in emergency lighting applications ................................................................... 40 OSRAM DALI LUMINAIRE TOOL (DLT) .......................... 40 Basic circuits of 110 V control gear ............................ 42 110 V: Staircase operating modes ............................. 43 Applications .................................................................. 43 Control via analog output .............................................. 45 Interface circuit .............................................................. 45 Control via instabus EIB ................................................ 46 Special wiring diagrams, tips and tricks ......................... 46 Temperature-dependent control .................................... 46 Limits of the control voltage........................................... 47 Cable length of the 110 V control line ........................ 48 110 V DIM ECGs and emergency lighting .................. 48 Terminals/Cable cross sections/Wire stripping lengths... 49 Inserting and releasing the connection cables ............... 50 Cable cross sections .................................................... 51 Basic insulation ............................................................. 51 Holders ......................................................................... 51 Master-slave circuit ....................................................... 51 Minimum reflector gaps ................................................. 51 Temperature response of dimmable ECGs from OSRAM......................................................................... 52 Intelligent thermal management in hot luminaires ........... 52 Color temperature ......................................................... 56 Outdoor applications ..................................................... 56 Functional test of luminaires .......................................... 57 Dimming of amalgam lamps .......................................... 57 Dynamic dimming procedures with amalgam lamps ....... 60 The benefits of amalgam technology ............................. 61 System energy consumption and dimmer setting ...63 Dimming of compact fluorescent lamps ................. 64 Unique features of the new OSRAM CFL ECGs............. 65 The DALI Activity Group (AG DALI)........................... 67

7 8 8.1 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.1.6 8.2 8.2.1 9 9.1 9.1.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Index

Tender documents ..................................................... 68 Frequently asked questions (FAQ) ........................... 72 Part of DALI .................................................................. 72 TouchDIM ..................................................................... 72 DALI in general .............................................................. 73 DALI to 110 V converter ............................................ 76 Troubleshooting TouchDIM mode .................................. 76 Troubleshooting DALI controllers ................................... 77 DALI to 110 V converter ............................................ 77 Part of 110 V DIM ECGs ............................................ 77 Troubleshooting 110 V ............................................... 79 Appendix ..................................................................... 80 Starting currents and max. number of ECGs in automatic cutouts ......................................................... 80 Minimum triggering levels for B/C characteristic ............ 80 DALI fade time and fade rate ......................................... 81 Lamp wiring .................................................................. 81 Operating parameters of the ECG lamp combinations ... 84 Energy classifications .................................................... 85 The DALI standard (IEC 62386) at a glance ................... 86 ..................................................................................... 87

1 Introduction
1.1 Dimmable lighting systems Dimmable electronic control gears (DIM ECGs) are playing an increasingly important role in all areas of application of modern lighting technology. Dimmable ECGs from OSRAM, integrated in a building management system, form the heart of intelligent lighting systems which save up to 80 % of energy compared to conventional electronic control gears. The reason for this is that many requirements of a lighting system are simple and elegant to realize by means of light control. Economy, lighting comfort, reliability and safety are the driving forces here.

1.1.1

Economy Intelligent energy-saving concepts in building management lower the lighting costs many times over: Up to 50 % less power consumption compared to operation with magnetic, conventional electronic control gears (CCG) More than 50 % longer lamp lifetime compared to operation with ECG and low-loss electronic control gears (LLG) through defined lamp operation ! Lower maintenance costs Lowering of energy costs for air conditioning systems by reducing the cooling load

Figure 1: Global energy saving potential with dimmable electronic control gear

1.1.2

Lighting comfort Lighting situations at the touch of a button (lighting scenes), also with integrated presence detection and daylight/time-dependent control, increase lighting comfort. The features of a high-quality dimmable ECG also include: Flicker-free ignition Comfortable, continuously dimmable (1(3)100 %) and flicker-free lighting without stroboscopic effects Virtually noise-free, no irritating humming of chokes (CCG/LLG) No flashing of defective lamps Automatic restart after lamp replacement Easy-to-use, feedback messages to the control unit and configuration of personal lighting values create individuality

Figure 2: Energy saving and increased lighting comfort through integrated presence detection with daylight/time-dependent control This has been made possible mostly thanks to technical developments. Modern dimmable ECGs with digital (DALI = Digital Addressable Lighting Interface) or analog (110 V) interface in combination with corresponding control elements, control units and sensors create the preconditions for simple and low-cost realization of more efficient and convenient lighting systems.

1.1.3

Reliability/Safety Reliability and safety play a crucial role in the use of electronic control gear. Key features of high-quality ECGs include: Preheating of both lamp filaments Dependable lamp ignition to an ambient temperature of -20 C1 Dependable lamp operation in the temperature range of -20 C to 75 C Dependable shutdown of the ECG in the event of a fault and at "End of Life" (EoL) Compliance with all current applicable ECG standards: Safety (EN61347) Performance (EN60929) Harmonic current emissions (EN61000-3-2) Radio interference suppression from 9 kHz to 300 MHz (EN55015: 2006 + A1:2007)/CDN measurement Immunity (EN61547)

1.1.4

The right control unit for every application Dimmable ECGs have a very wide range of uses. Some examples of applications are offices and industrial buildings with light-dependent control, conference and assembly rooms with lighting for the particular situation or CAD offices and switch rooms with individually adjustable light levels. The core of the lighting system are the dimmable QUICKTRONIC Intelligent ECGs from OSRAM with DALI or 110 V interface (QTi DALI/DIM) for the operation of compact and fluorescent lamps. These are controlled by a control unit, a sensor or a simple button/rotary dimmer switch. The choice of the right dimming components for controlling the lighting depends on the desired application. The requirement profile of the dimmable lighting system must, therefore, be defined in detail.

at a dimming setting of 100 % max. ECG output to the lamp

2 Overview of dimmable electronic control gears

2.1 Block diagrams of a digital/analog dimmable ECGs2 a) Digital dimmable ECG with DALI interface

b) Analog dimmable ECG with 110 V interface

Figure 3: EMC filters and safety shutdown are important elements of high-quality dimmable electronic control gears.

EMC filter for HF interference signals from 9 kHz to 300 MHz Power Factor Correction: Correction of the line current harmonics HF half-bridge generator (40 kHz 120 kHz) with resonance circuit Safety shutdown incl. End of Life detection Cs: Storage capacitor

2.2

DALI in comparison to 110 V and EIB/LON What modern lighting technology needs is a system that is as flexible as it is simple, a system that focuses on room-based lighting control with just a few low-cost components, minimal wiring and a user-friendly operating concept. The lighting industry has therefore developed a new digital communication standard for lighting systems: DALI closes the gap between the former 110 V technology and complex bus systems. DALI can be used either as a very simple local solution or as a subsystem integrated in a building management system.

Figure 4: Overview of 110 V, DALI and EIB/LON With traditional electrical installations and even with the widely used analog 110 V interface such requirements are very difficult to meet and involve a great deal of time, effort and expense. A large number of components have to be used to enable a programmed scene to be changed, to provide flexible grouping at the same time and then possibly to integrate these settings in a daylight-dependent control system.

2.2.1

DALI and 110 V characteristics The basis for any control system are the defined physical properties at the interface and the properties of the interface cables as the transmission medium. Thanks to a high signal-to-noise ratio and wide ranges for digital low and high, it is virtually impossible with DALI for data transfer to be affected by interference. Consequently, there is no need to use shielded control cables. As in the case of the 1...10 V interface, the mains and control inputs in the ECGs are electrically isolated. A conscious decision was taken not to use safety extra-low voltage (SELV) in order to offer low-cost installation without additional 8

special lines or cable penetrations. A 5 x 1.5 mm2 NYM cable, for example, can be used for the mains feed and DALI.
110 V Potential-free control input Two-wire line (with +/- polarity) Dimming curve, luminous flux linear DALI Potential-free control input Two-wire line (polarity-free) Dimming curve, optically linear (= logarithmic), matching the sensitivity of the eye Addressing possible: Individual (max. 64 addresses) In groups (max. 16) All together ! No wiring acc. to groups Scene memory (max. 16) Individual addressing of the DALI ECG Status messages of the DALI controllers Lamp faults Operating life Dimmer setting Individual dimming options Storing the last dimming value as a starting value Integrated mains voltage switch (switchoff of the ECG via DALI interface, no relay necessary) Common mains supply and control line possible through mains: TouchDIM interface Control with mains voltage without observation of the mains voltage phase ! No separate bus line Conventional, commercially available buttons

Non-addressable Wiring acc. to groups required

Not possible Not possible Not possible

Not possible

External mains voltage switch (e.g.: relay) Common mains supply and control line possible through: Basic insulation

Table 1: Comparison between 1...10 V and DALI

2.3

DALI installation & features

2.3.1

Simplified installation The installation of DALI is carried out with commercially available installation material for 230 V line voltage. The two wires of the five-wire cables (e.g. NYM 5 x 1.5 mm) that are not needed can be used for the DALI interface - regardless of polarity. Thus, no separate bus cable is required! The ECG and control unit can be operated on different line voltage phases.

2.3.2

Construction site mode The ECGs can be switched on or off at any time via the fuse protection even if there is no controller installed or programmed (basic DALI function). With ECGs straight from the factory the lighting is always switched on at 100 % luminous flux.

2.3.3

Benefits of DALI ECG with group assignment Each ECG in the DALI system can be addressed individually and digitally. Each ECG is assigned an address and group association on start-up. Each ECG may belong to as many as 16 groups and to several groups at the same time. The ECGs can be addressed individually, in groups or all together. The group assignment can be changed at any time without rewiring.

2.3.4

Integrated scene memory Each ECG can store up to 16 light values, irrespective of the group assignments. Fading from one scene to the next is synchronous. This means that all ECGs start fading to the new scene at the same time and finish at the same time (by varying the dimming rate).

2.3.5

Status report from the ECG The control unit can query the status of each and every ECG. This enables a lamp fault (or failure) or the brightness of a lamp to be determined, for example. The feedback capability of the OSRAM DALI ECG is crucial in association with complex bus systems (EIB, LON) in building management systems (e.g.: the OSRAM BASIC checks for lamp faults and can forward these via a potential-free message contact; the OSRAM Advanced provides the option of analysis by means of the HPT (Hand Programming Tool, see www.osram.com/ecg-lms).

10

2.3.6

No more switching relays The ECGs are switched on and off via the interface. The former external relays required for switching are therefore no longer needed.

2.3.7

Addressing is not essential DALI can also be used without any addressing (groups or individual addresses). A method known as broadcast mode is used here, which simply means that all control units are addressed together.

2.4

Installation and wiring instructions

2.4.1

Burning-in instructions/Cable insulation For forming and basic stabilization new lamps must be burned in for 100 hours at 100 % dimmer setting (undimmed). Interruptions during the burning-in are permissible. In dimming operation without burning-in this can result in the lamps flickering, premature endblackening and shorter operating life. For measurements based on IEC 60081, the lamps must also be correspondingly burned in, in order to achieve maximum luminous flux and optimum lamp stability.3 Dimming is generally only possible with filament preheating. The filament temperature must be kept constant by auxiliary heating as this can to lead to effects such as tungsten depletion (sputtering) or to elevated vaporization of the emitter material. The control input (DALI or 110 V) is insulated from the mains (230 V voltage-proof) by basic insulation (not SELV). The mains cable and control line can therefore be routed together in a 5-core NYM cable.4

The electrodes of a low pressure discharge lamp are coated with an emitter (barium, strontium and calcium oxide) to reduce the work function of the electrons from the tungsten filament wire. These oxides are strongly hygroscopic and interact with the humidity of the air (consequence: relatively low light yield, high lamp voltage and short service life of the lamp)

Solution: Intermediate reaction due to carbonate compounds from which the oxides are formed at temperatures above 600 C. The actual reduction of the filament work function requires atomic barium on the emitter surface, which is only fully formed at the max. dimming setting (100 % luminous flux) and high temperatures (1900 K electrode temperature) over a time period of 100 h. If these conditions are not fulfilled, an increased cathode voltage drop results and leads to material deposits on the filament: Reduced service life

In accordance with DIN VDE 0100 Part 520 Section 528.11, main current circuits and associated auxiliary circuits can be laid together, even if the auxiliary circuits carry a lower voltage than the main current circuits.

11

Note (acc. to DIN VDE 0100/11.85, T 520, Sect. 528.11): Cables or lines that are insulated for the maximum operating voltage must be used, or each conductor of a multi-wire cable/ line must be insulated for the next voltage appearing in the cable/line. When laying conductor lines in electrical installation pipes or ducts only the conductors of a main power circuit including the associated auxiliary power circuit may be laid together Several main power circuits including the associated auxiliary power circuits can also be combined in a single cable or line Cables and terminals approved for use the mains voltage (230 V) must be used for the installation The installation must be carried out in such a way that when the supply voltage is switched off, all signal and control cables are also switched off at the same time All components of the main power and control power circuits must be designed for 250 V working voltage to ground All the luminaires must be wired with H05 cables provided UOUT does not exceed 430 Veff,and also be subjected to an insulation test (in accordance with VDE) in conjunction with OSRAM DALI/ DIM ECGs. OSRAM QUICKTRONIC DALI/DIM ECGs do not exceed 430 Veff even for T5- 16 mm HE and HO florescent lamps.

12

2.4.2

Safety instructions

Electronic control gear should be installed and maintained by qualified electricians only

Disconnect electronic control gear from the power supply before maintenance work

Use indoors only

13

2.4.3

Radio interference suppression of dimmable luminaires The use of dimmable ECG is only approved in luminaires of protection class I (PC I) as only here is adequate grounding assured. Note: When dimming, the operating frequency of the lamp and the lamp burning voltage increases at the same time which can lead to elevated leakage currents. Leakage currents emerging from the lamp always flow back into the ECG because the current circuit must be closed. To keep cable-related interference as low as possible, the leakage current is offered a different return path, the ground conductor (=casing) and the PE connection of the ECG. In brief: Dimming is not possible without grounding. Dimmable ECGs only function in PC I luminaires and not in PC II luminaires as these have no protection contact. Connecting the dimmable ECG to the functional ground is not permissible.
LN Radio interference suppression with PC I R Lamp ECG

Grounded metal plate or reflector

PE

Figure 5: Protection class I luminaires The maximum 50 Hz leakage current of the ECG via the ground fault circuit interrupter (FI switch) is 0.5 mA. Mains cables and control lines may be routed together and should be laid close to the luminaire wall Mains and control cables must not be laid close to the lamp cables If crossovers of mains and lamp cables are unavoidable, they should cross perpendicularly Do not lay the PE conductor together with the lamp cables Do not use shielded lamp cables (reduction of capacity leakage currents) The OSRAM DALI/DIM ECG must always be installed near the lamp(s) so that the lamp cables can be kept short in the interests of good radio interference protection

14

Notes: Max. lamp cable length of the "hot end" (higher potential to ground): T5, T8: 1 m/T4: 0.5 m Excessively long lamp cables cause the following problems: - Poor radio interference suppression - Uncertain lamp detection (not in T8) - Poor synchronization of 2-lamp OSRAM DALI/DIM ECGs Lay the lamp cables close together and close to the lamp Lamp cables must not be laid in metal pipes and must not be shielded cables Guide the cables of the different lamp ends separately In the case of multi-lamp OSRAM DALI/DIM ECGs, the cables to the respective lamp ends must be of the same length to prevent differences in the brightness When dimming florescent lamps the maximum lamp voltage is reached at the lowest dimmer setting (3 %-10 %) due to the negative current-voltage characteristic Maximum line lengths between dimmable ECG (QTi DALI/DIM) and lamps Cold ends* Hot ends* 1-lamp 21, 22 1-lamp 26, 27 2-lamp 21, 22, 23 2-lamp 24, 25, 26, 27 T5 1.5 m 1.0 m T8 1.5 m (2 m HF DIM) 1.0 m (1.5 m HF DIM) DULUX D/E, T/E Every 0.5 m Table 2: Maximum cable lengths between dimmable ECGs and lamps * "Hot ends" are the lamp cables that have the highest potential to the switching ground or protective ground. The other "cold ends" of the lamp cables have a lower potential to ground. Note: Maximum capacitance of a filament cable pair to ground: T5: 75 pF T8/DL: 150 pF Maximum capacitance between "hot" and "cold": T5: 15 pF T8: 30 pF

15

2.4.4

Operation of multiple ECGs in a luminaire If several dimmable ECGs are operated in a luminaire, there can be interference effects and hence to flickering, jerky dimming or even to shutdown of the ECGs if they have not been correctly installed. The cause for this are inductions between the lamp current circuits of several ECGs: If a lamp running at 100 % transfers just 1 % of its current into the neighboring lamp dimmed to 1 %, this represents a fault of 100 %. The same applies to coupling between a heating current circuit, i.e. feed and return lines to one side of the lamp and the neighboring lamp circuit. There should, therefore, be a minimum spacing of 12 cm between the lamp circuits (lamp and cables) of different ECGs. If this is not possible, the lamp wiring must be carefully installed so coupling between the lamp circuits is reduced to a minimum: Lay the lamp cables close to the appropriate lamps so that the area covered by the lamp circuit is as small as possible. The lamp circuits of the two ECGs must not overlap. This is particularly important for color control if adjacent ECGs are dimmed to different levels. There should be a spacing of several centimeters between the lamp cables of two ECGs The "short" (hot) lamp cables (see also ECG imprint) should lead to one side of the lamp and should be as short as possible. The "long (cold) lamp cables to the other side of the lamp (see Table 2) Mains and control cables should not be laid close to the lamp cables (prevents undesired couplings into the control cable) All the mains and control cables may be routed together. To ensure that radio interference suppression is not impaired, there should be a gap of several centimeters to the lamp cables.

16

The better these recommendations are implemented, the more stable is the light at the lowest dimmer setting, even with a very small lamp spacing and, hence, the full temperature range of the ECGs can be used. In the "worst case" twist the cables of the heating circuits together, hence ensuring they lie close together. With 1-lamp ECGs these are the 21-22 and 26-27 cables, with 2-lamp ECGs; 21-22 and 21-23, 24-25 and 26-27. This is particularly important if adjacent ECGs are operated at the lowest dimmer setting (1(3)%). If there still are problems: Remove all lamps except for the most "problematic" ECG this will eliminate possible faults from the other lamps. If the lamp then works correctly over the entire dimming range, the decoupling measures for the other lamps (cables) are still not adequate.

2.4.5

Wiring examples of dimmable electronic control gear

Figure 6: Three 1-lamp ECGs Correct: The lamp lines are laid close to the respective lamps. There are no overlapping lamp current circuits. The hot" side is up and the cold" is down. Wrong: The lamp lines of all ECGs are laid together, also overlapping lamp current circuits are formed in this way.

17

Figure 7: Three 2-lamp ECGs Correct: The lamp lines are laid close to the respective lamps. The overlapping of the three right lamp current circuits is minimized. Wrong: The lamp lines of all ECGs are laid together, also overlapping lamp current circuits are formed in this way.

Note: T5 florescent lamps must be used so that the lamp stamps are on the same side. The lamp stamp must be underneath (Cold Spot) in the upright burning position. If this is not the case, the lamp parameters will fluctuate which can lead to unstable burning behavior of the lamp.

2.5

The DALI interface technical details DALI defines the digital communication between a control unit with DALI interface and a DALI controller (ECG). The detailed specifications of the DALI interface can be found in IEC 62386.

2.5.1

The DALI system principle Each control unit works as a "master" and controls communication on the control cable. ECGs, in contrast, may only respond as a "slave" to a request of the "master". DALI relies on consistent intelligence distributed throughout the system, an intelligent control unit communicates with intelligent components. For example, the control unit only issues the command: "Scene 1" and the processor in the ECG adopts the desired light value. This way all ECGs achieve the set value at the same time. 18

2.5.2

DALI topology The DALI ECGs are wired in parallel to each other and groups are not taken into consideration. Star configurations are also possible. Ring wiring is not permitted (indicated by X in the diagram). There is also no need for terminating resistors on the communication cable.

Figure 8: DALI topology

2.5.3

DALI parameters in the ECG The following data can be stored in the DALI ECGs when a DALI system is started up: Group assignment of the DALI ECG (max. 16 groups, multiple assignment is possible) Individual address for accessing each ECG directly (max. 64) Lighting values for the individual scenes (max. 16) ECG parameters that determine the behavior of the ECG: Dimming rate Behavior if the voltage fails on the interface (System Failure Level) Behavior when the mains voltage is restored (Power On Level) In addition to the above-mentioned options, it is always possible to address all the devices together, even without programming the devices beforehand (construction site function).

19

2.5.4

Requirements to be met by the transmission cable When selecting a cable make sure that the voltage drop on the line does not exceed 2 V at 250 mA. As with 110 V systems, the power supply and control line can be run in the same cable. This means, for example, a 5-core NYM cable can be used to connect the DALI ECG without any problems. The maximum permitted total length of cable between the controller and the connected ECG is 300 m. Cross section of the power cable: A = L x I x 0.018 A = Line cross section in mm, L = Cable length in meters, I = Max. current of the supply voltage in A, 0.018 = Specific resistance of copper

The following formula is used as a basis for finding the cable cross section (transmission and power cable): Line length up to 100 m 100 to 150 m 0.75 mm2 150 to 300 m 1.5 mm2

Line cross section 0.5 mm2

Note: Because of the different technical properties of the DALI interface in control units found on the market and the differing local conditions of the installation, it is recommended to limit the overall line lengths used in the system to 300 m.

2.5.5

Wiring diagram for DALI ECGs For reasons of clarity it is recommended to use the black and the gray cable for DALI.
Neutral conductor

e.g.

Protective earth

Figure 9: Wiring diagram for DALI controllers

20

Controllers and electronic control gears may be connected to different power supply phases.
L3 L2 L1 N PE

~ ~
DA L N PE DA DA DA

ECG Quicktronic DALI

2 3 4

Lamp

DALI controller

~ ~
DA DA

ECG Quicktronic DALI

2 3 4

Lamp

~ ~
DA DA

ECG Quicktronic DALI

2 3 4

Lamp

DA DA PE N L1 L2 L3

Figure 10: Wiring diagram for DALI controllers

21

2.6

DALI data transfer With DALI, data telegrams are produced by short-circuiting and releasing the line in order to generate the corresponding "low" or "high" logic states. This may be caused by either the ECG or by the controller. In the event of a short-circuit the current is limited by the interface supply to 250 mA. In the idle state (no data transfer) approx. 16 VDC is on the ECG. The following figures illustrate data transfer via DALI:

Sender unit

Receiver unit

Undefined 22.5 V max. 20.5 V max. High Level" sender range 16 V typ. High Level" receiver range

11.5 V min. 9.5 V min. Undefined

8 V typ.

6.5 V max. 4.5 V max. Low Level" sender range 0 V typ. "Low Level" receiver range

-4.5 V min. -6.5 V min. Undefined

Figure 11: Voltage level on the DALI interface

22

Biphase" databit coded with value 1"

Biphase" databit coded with value 0"

High level (= idle state)

Voltage

Low level

Incoming data telegram

ECG response

Current consumption < 250 mA (active limit by the DALI supply)

Current consumption < 2 mA

Current

Figure 12: Data transfer using the Manchester code on the DALI line Data is transferred using the Manchester code. The signal edges in the middle of the bit carry the information here. A trailing edge indicates a logical zero and a rising edge a logical one.

2.6.1

Behavior in the event of a fault If there is no power at the DALI interface (controller faulty or switched off), the System Failure Level is set. The Power On Level is activated after a mains voltage failure (230 V). The System Failure Level has the higher priority. Both values are set at the factory to 100 % luminous flux, but can be individually programmed with the Dali Luminaire Tool (DLT) from OSRAM, for example.

2.7

The DALI dimming curve IEC 62386 defines the dimming range of a DALI controller from 0.1 to 100 %. The dimming curve is shown in the graphic below. As far as the eye is concerned, this categorization is a linear response5 according to the Weber-Fechner Law.

The Weber-Fechner law states that the subjective strength of sensory stimuli is logarithmically related to the objective intensity of the physical stimulus.

23

The dependency of the relative luminous flux X (n) on the digital 8-bit value n is described by the following correlation:
X (n) = 10
n 1 253 3

X (n) X (n + 1) = 2,8 % = Const . X ( n)

This results in the following graphical association:

Figure 13: DALI dimming curve

2.7.1

Brief overview of the most important dimming values

percentage luminous flux digital dimming value percentage luminous flux digital dimming value
0 0 30 210 0,1 1 40 220 0,5 60 50 229 1,0 85 60 235 3 126 70 241 5 144 80 246 10 170 90 250 20 195 100 254

Table 3: Values of digital dimming value against percentage luminous flux As not all DALI controllers start at 0.1 % luminous flux, the smallest value for DALI ECG is 85 for example (corresponds to 1 % luminous flux). All values below 85 (except for 0 = off) are interpreted as the minimum light level. To ensure that the transitions from one digital level to the next are not visible, DALI ECGs from OSRAM feature digital smoothing" (this is an additional function of the QTi for increasing lighting comfort and is not part of the DALI standard).

24

2.8

Features of the digital interface IEC 62386 This allows the combination of units from different manufacturers. A special feature to be noted is that the DALI manufacturers represented in the AG DALI.6 test their units together in order to guarantee high functional security. Physical usable data rate of 1200 bit/s enables fault-free operation7 Safe interference voltage gap the generously dimensioned interference voltage gap of the high and low level guarantee safe operation Data coding the Manchester code is used; its structure allows detection of transmission errors Maximum system current the maximum current that a central interface8 supply must deliver is 250 mA. Each control unit may take max. 2 mA. This must be taken into consideration when selecting the interface supply. Limited system size a maximum of 64 control units with an individual address can be operated differently in a single system Feedback of information ON/OFF, current brightness value of the connected lamps, lamp status etc. are possible Two-wire control line there should be two basic insulations between two conductors. Hence, single-layer insulation of a conductor is adequate. Control and supply lines can be laid together; a minimum cross section of the line must be maintained here. The maximum line length between two connected system subscribers must not exceed 300 meters Potential-free control input the control input is electrically separated from the mains supply. The ECGs can thus be operated on different outer conductors (phases) No terminating resistors required the interface lines do not need to be connected to resistors

7 8

Every ECG manufacturer that has the DALI logo on its ECG is a member of the AG DALI 40 commands/s and 16 bits ! 640 bit/s DALI interface on the control unit: The DALI interface of the control unit also supplies the DALI interface of the connected DALI components. To ensure that the total current of max. 250 mA permitted for DALI is not exceeded, no other DALI supplies or DALI controllers can be connected to this system. In order not to exceed the max. permissible voltage drop of 2 V on the interface lines, the line cross section must be chosen according to the table in the technical details (2.5.4).

25

 Dimming range 1 %100 % (the lower limit depends on the lamp and manufacturer). The progression of the characteristic is standardized and adapted to the sensitivity of the eye (logarithmic characteristic). Because of the standardization, a similar sense of brightness is achieved when using control units from different manufacturers Programmable dimming times special settings such as light change speeds (e.g. from 1 % to 100 % dimmer setting) are possible Disconnection of the data line the specified light values are adopted automatically Storage of light scenes (different group-dependent dimming states) up to 16 scenes can be stored Connection via converter to building management systems the interface is primarily conceived for room applications; it can be integrated into building management systems via gateways Simple system reconfiguration once the system is set up and configured, changes of the system function, the light scene and light functions are only a matter of configuration and do not require any changes to the hardware. Example: Regrouping of luminaires in a large office building Simple integration of new components if an existing illumination system is to be extended, new components can be added anywhere within the system. Attention must be paid here to adequate dimensioning of the system supply Polarity freedom of the interface

2.9

Characteristics of the 110 V interface Note: This chapter is based on OSRAM ECGs types QTi DIM and HF DIM, abbreviated to OSRAM DIM ECGs in the following Control is carried out via a fail-safe DC signal of 10 V (maximum brightness; control line open) to 1 V (minimum brightness; control line shorted) The control power is generated by the ECG (max. current: 0.6 mA per ECG) The voltage on the control line is voltage-insulated from the mains line (basic insulation), but there is no safety extra-low voltage (SELV) ECGs in different phases can be dimmed by the same controller

26

Note: Due to the characteristics of the 110 V interface, the following must be noted: All control lines of an ECG installation must be connected with the right polarity (+/-) The control line is voltage-insulated from the mains line but there is no safety extra-low voltage (SELV). Therefore, cables and terminals that are approved for supply voltage 230V must be used for the installation The control voltage is simple to limit upwards or downwards with resistors; several control units can be combined with one another The correct function of the ECG can be tested as follows: Switch-on of the ECG with open control line. The lamp must ignite and burn with max. luminous flux Switch-on of the ECG with shorted control line (wire jumper). The lamp must burn with min. luminous flux Each OSRAM DIM ECG can be used as a normally non-dimmable ECG if there is no control unit connected to the control line The dimmable ECGs are only dimmed via the 110 V interface and switched via the mains line The maximum load capacity of the control unit (switched output and 110 V output) must be heeded The connected control unit must always be able to handle the current supplied in the control line by the ECG (current sink) and to reduce the control voltage. This precept is fulfilled by accordingly dimensioned potentiometers as well as by all OSRAM control components. Normal power supplies, converter boards etc. do not necessarily have this characteristic! To check, connect the control unit, set to the lowest brightness and measure the voltage on the control line. The set value is 1V or less OSRAM DIM ECGs cannot be dimmed via the mains line (e.g. with phase control mode, round control pulses etc.)

27

2.9.1

The 110 V dimming curve The 110 V interface is defined in IEC 60929. In the control voltage range of 3 V to 10 V there is a largely linear relationship to the relative luminous flux. In the 110 V interface, a logarithmic response (like the DALI units) is adjusted by a logarithmic potentiometer.
in % luminous flux

Control voltage in V

Figure 14: The 110 V characteristic: Luminous flux against control voltage

The control current in the 110 V interface drops with increasing control voltage. Unlike the DALI interface, this does not therefore remain constant.

Control current

Control voltage [V]

Figure 15: Decreasing control current with increasing control voltage

28

3 Additional characteristics of dimmable electronic control gears from OSRAM9

3.1 OSRAM DALI/110 V ECG: Added-value through intelligent features Automatic lamp detection through intelligent multi-lamp operation (reduction of the ECG type variety) Lamps of the same length and different powers can be operated on an ECG. Furthermore, there are special approvals for specific ECG lamp combinations10 Dimming range to 1 % of the rated luminous flux (3 % in CFL) Ignition of the lamp at an ambient temperature of -25 C Optimized lamp warm start within 0.6 s [including HF DIM] Temperature-dependent cut-off at dimmer settings > 80 % Shutdown of the filament heating at dimmer settings > 80 % prevents a permanent heating current through the lamp electrodes during operation. This reduces the filament loading and the power loss by approx. 2W Power reduction by the ECG at excessively high ambient temperatures in order to protect the electronics ! Can be used in very close, hot luminaires (operating life, increased light yield, simplified safety approval) High Tc point values (Tc < 80 C) enable operation at high ambient temperatures (Ta values) Stable dimming operation also in amalgam lamps (CFL (IN) and OSRAM T5 CONSTANT lamps) ! particularly suitable for use in areas with low ambient temperatures (e.g. cool rooms, outdoors): relative luminous flux > 90 % from 0 C to 70 C Intelligent power control upon detecting instabilities in the lamp circuit (amalgam lamp start) protects lamp/ECG Permanent Heat Mode (PHM) for lighting effects (permanent filament heating, switch-on of the continuous lamp pre-heating by digital command, not DALI standard): The PHM ensures that, at a light value = 0 (switched off lamp(s)), the lamp electrodes are already heated. A delay-free lamp start is therefore possible > 1 s on/off switching cycle in the PHM ! No restrictions 0.5 s < t < 1 s on/off switching cycle in the PHM ! 30 k switching actions with T5, 100k switching actions with T8 < 0.5 s on/off switching cycle in the PHM ! 15 k switching actions with T5, 50k switching actions with T8 Optimized filament heating and lamp operation at mains undervoltage (no damage to the lamps)

10

Applies to OSRAM QUICKTRONIC Intelligent (QTi) DALI/DIM ECGs, exceptions given in [] Special releases for QTi DALI/DIM and HF DIM types of the ECG lamp

29

 EoL shutdown after Test 2 Asymmetric power test for detecting defective lamp electrodes or high-impedance lamp paths due to leaks in the glass tube Chip ID (CIN = Chip Identification Number, serial number) for simple system installation ! OSRAM DALI Luminaire Tool (DLT): Address assignment via CIN possible EEPROM for backing up settings/parameters even if the mains supply fails Lamp replacement without mains reset (automatic lamp reactivation after lamp replacement) [including HF DIM] DC operation in the input voltage range of 154-276V/lamp start above 198V [including HF DIM] Optimized radio interference suppression: Maintaining the requisite EMC thresholds with a comfortable safety margin for ease of luminaire installation [including HF DIM] DALI standard acc. to IEC 62386 -101/-102/-201 110 V standard acc. to IEC 60929

3.2

OSRAM DALI ECGs and TouchDIM interface To realize light controllers as economically as possible, the DALI ECGs from OSRAM also have the integrated TouchDIM function11. It is therefore possible to dim and switch DALI ECGs directly with mains voltage on the DALI control terminals (TouchDIM Interface = TDI). Only one commercially available switch is required, the ECG assumes the control function. The changeover between both operating modes TouchDIM or DALI operation can only be realized after mains voltage. Hence, it is not possible to switch between the operating modes via an integrated safety mechanism during operation. Switching between both operating modes can take place as often as necessary. TouchDIM must never be used at the same time with a DALI control system. TouchDIM offens all the functions of a comfort dimmer: Soft starting of the lamp (lamp starting at the lowest dimmer setting (1 % (3 %), lowest luminous flux) Short press: On/Off Long press: Dimming Memory function (light value stored by double-clicking) All settings are remained even after a power outage

11

TouchDim is not part of the DALI standard

30

3.2.1

Wiring and line compensation The line lengths between buttons and the farthest away DALI ECG should not be longer than 25 meters. Where line lengths over 25 meters are required, compensation methods (bell transformer, resistor) must be used Do not use more than 6 DALI ECGs in one TouchDIM application (up to 6 ECG can be controlled by one switch, the number of operating points is limited to 2) Different lamp families should not be mixed because of the different preheating times (e.g. HO lamps (500 ms starting time) vs. HE lamps (700 ms starting time) If more than one operating point is required, a maximum of 2 buttons per TouchDIM application can be switched in parallel The TouchDIM wiring must be rated for mains voltage (230 V)
L3 L2 L1 N PE

~ ~
DA DA

DALI ECG with TouchDim function

DALI ECG

2 3 4

La mp

~ ~

Control button

DA DA

DALI ECG with TouchDim function

DALI ECG

2 3 4

La mp

~ ~
DA DA

DALI ECG with TouchDim function

DALI ECG

2 3 4

La mp

T PE N

L1 L2 L3

Figure 16: Operation via buttons. Another button can be connected in parallel to the first one. Up to 6 ECGs can be controlled by one switch, the number of operating points is limited to 2.

31

Note: Only use switches without control lamp and with 230 V normallyclosed contact as the permanent current through the glow lamp can lead to malfunctions TouchDIM is not part of the DALI standard (IEC 62386), but rather an additional OSRAM function

3.2.2

Operating parameters for TouchDIM To operate the TouchDIM, AC voltages of 10230 V (RMS) at a frequency of 4666 Hz can be used there is no DC voltage allowed.

3.2.3

Compensation of interferences A control transformer which complies to the following figures and values must be used with a total line length from the switch to the ECG of 25 m to 100 m in order to prevent interference (e.g. through capacitive induction): Primary 230 V/Secondary 12 V, transformer rating required: 25 mW per connected ECG (i.e. 150 mW with 6 ECGs 2 mA control current per ECG)
L N PE DA DA Button 12 V Transformer Min. power: 25 mW x no. of ECGs Installation line

~ ~
DALI ECG

Figure 17: Control transformer for compensation close to the ECG (e. g. in a luminaire)
L N PE Installation line

~ ~
DALI ECG DA DA

Button

12 V Transformer Min. power: 25 mW x no. of ECGs

Figure 18: Control transformer close to the switch (e.g. in the subdistributor or in a flush-mounted socket)

32

The option of connecting a conventional resistor is also available (150 k, 1 W) for compensating interferences (damping of the line) between the phase and neutral conductor. The resistor can also remain in the control line during DALI operation which is not affected (< 2 mW power loss).
Max. 50 m total line length for compensation of the connection cable

L N
R: 150kOhm, 1W

Figure 19: Compensation of the connection line by a resistor (150 k, 1 W)12

3.2.4

TouchDIM operation Switching the lamp on/off: Short button press (< 0.5 s) Dimming: Long button press (> 0.5 s), (dimming direction changes each time the button is pressed) Save the reference value in the switched-on condition: "Doubleclick (press briefly 2 x within 0.4 s) Delete reference value: Double-click with the lamp switched off (ECG starts with 100 % luminous flux when switched on again) Note: Long button press with the lamp switched off: Lamp is switched on at the minimum dimmer setting and, hence, remains highly dimmed until the switch is released.

3.2.5

Operating modes with TouchDIM With the QTi DALI, OSRAM offers two modes for TouchDIM that differ in switch-on behavior (this refers to the software-controlled switching on/off and not to the switching off of the voltage supply): Mode 1: The electronic control gear switches with the last dimming value that it had before being switched off. The following applies: Short press: Switching Long press: Dimming/Switching on at minimum dimmer setting

12

For example: Vishay Beyschlag: MBA/SMA 0204, MBB/SMA 0207, MBE/SMA 0414 - Professional

33

Mode 2: The electronic control gear switches on with the dimming value (preset value) last stored by double-clicking. The following applies: Short press: Switching Long press: Dimming/Switching on at minimum dimmer setting The following figure shows the options of both operating modes to the user:
Mode 1
LP DC

Mode 2
LP

On
DC

On

DC

LP DC

SP SP

LP SP

SP

Off

Off

SP = Short Push LP = Long Push DC = Double Click

Figure 20: Operating modes and operating combinations by button

34

The following table once again explains the behavior of the ECG for different switching actions:
Action TouchDIM

Short press (status: switched off)

Short press (status: switched on) Long press (status: switched off) Long press (status: switched on) Double-click (status: switched off)

TDI Mode I: switches on to last value before switch-off TDI Mode II: switches on to last double-click value Switch-off and store value for next switch-on in TDI Mode I Switch on and fade from min upwards Dimming as long as button is pressed Dimming fades upwards or downwards (depending on pending toggle or logic function) Swap to TDI Mode I ( = auto memory of the switch-on value), confirmation: switch-on and dimming to maximum brightness Swap to TDI Mode II (switch-on value = doubleclick value), confirmation: flashing and dimming to double-click value Holiday mode; only in combination with LMS sensors (see www.osram.com/ecg-lms)

Double-click (status: switched on & dimming in the last 3 s) Double-click (status: switched on & no dimming in the last 3 s) Power failure (status switched off) Power failure (status switched on)

Remains switched off Switches on to TDI Mode I : last value before power outage TDI Mode II : last value before power outage

Table 4: Behavior of the ECG for different switching actions, TDI = TouchDIM interface

35

3.2.6

Asynchronism/Automation of the system The increased use of DALI ECGs in button operation shows again and again that in systems with not completely sinusoidal supply voltage (e.g. electronic dimmer on the same mains supply), excessively long line lengths or high DALI ECG count (more than 6 ECGs per TouchDIM application) increasing results in asynchronism of the connected DALI ECGs. To consistently prevent asynchronously running lighting systems in practice, the permissible number of DALI ECGs is limited to 6 units.

3.2.6.1 Prevention/Remedying of asynchronism With the aid of the DALI repeater that is described in more detail in the context of the LMS (Light Management Systems) portfolio (see www.osram.com/ecg-lms), up to 64 ECGs can easily be operated in the TouchDIM function without having to be concerned about asynchronism. Without the repeater, the TouchDIM application is however only restricted to floor-standing luminaires or small offices.

3.2.6.2 Synchronization For physical reasons a TouchDIM can work asynchronously, i.e. the switching status and dimming direction of the separate luminaires are different. The following steps help in the synchronization of a TouchDIM system: 1st. step: Longpress (> 0.5 s) ! All luminaires switch on 2nd. step: Shortpress (< 0.5 s) ! All luminaires switch off 3rd. step: Longpress (> 0.5 s) ! All luminaires switch on and dim 4th. step: Double-click ! Save dimmer setting (if required) After these four steps longshortlongdouble-click the ECGs again behave synchronously. Note: TouchDIM was developed for manual control and is not suitable for automation, e.g. for connecting to a PLC.

36

3.2.7

Behavior after mains voltage failure If the luminaire is disconnected from the mains, the ECG saves all set values. If the light value has been changed before being switched off, this value is restored, i.e. after a voltage loss, exactly the last status is reestablished (instant switch-on to the previous present luminous flux, no "intermediate path" above 100 % luminous flux and subsequent dimming). All settings (dimming values, lamp on/off,) also remain intact with a prolonged mains voltage failure. By doubleclicking, the stored reference value also remains in the ECG after a power failure and can, if required, be called up again with the luminaire on/off. If the luminaire was switched off at power failure, it also remains off when the mains voltage is restored. For this reason, operation in the TouchDIM mode is not suitable for centrally supplied emergency lighting applications.

3.3

OSRAM DALI ECGs in emergency lighting applications Due to the variety of emergency lighting control systems and applications, this topic cannot be described in detail in this primer. The integration and testing of the complete emergency lighting system acc. to VDE 0108 must always be conducted by the persons responsible for the overall system as the ECG is only one element of the overall system. The VDE 0108 is a system standard and not an ECG standard. There are special electronic control units on the market for local emergency lighting applications with battery integrated in the luminaire. The instructions described here for wiring and programming the DALI controllers are based exclusively on central battery applications and, hence, on standard DALI controllers (ECGs). QUICKTRONIC INTELLIGENT DALI ECGs are suitable for emergency lighting systems based on VDE 0108. All OSRAM DALI controllers detect emergency operation (system failure level) if there is an absence of voltage on the DALI input (16V DC in normal operation). This function is part of the DALI standard and is supported by all vendors.

37

For emergency lighting/voltage loss13 in the DALI controllers two values can be configured/programmed separately for each unit (e.g. using the OSRAM DALI Luminaire Tool DLT). System failure level: Emergency operation (1100 % light), detected by switching off the control line Power on level: Light value after the mains voltage is restored (1100 % light) The system failure level always has priority over the power on level, especially when switching over (in the event of a brief power outage, emergency operation is therefore ensured). The factory setting for both values is 100 % light. Typical data for the QUICKTRONIC INTELLIGENT DALI family important for emergency lighting systems are*:
Starting time of the lamp (max.) Permissible voltage range (DC) Min. voltage for lamp start (DC) Permissible voltage range (AC) Mains frequency 0.6 s 154276 V 198 V 198264 V 0, 5060 Hz

Table 5: OSRAM ECG data for emergency operation of the lighting system

*Further technical data of the respective ECG type can be found in the corresponding datasheet or on our homepage at www.osram.com/qti. The DALI or dimming function of the QTi DALI DIM is identical in AC and DC operation.

13

During power outages < 200 ms, the light stays on (no light failure) because the ECGs are not preheated again. During power outages > 200 ms, the ECGs go through the entire preheating cycle. The following applies to the QTi DALI/DIM and HF DIM family: The starting time in HO lamps is 0.5 s and in HE lamps it is 0.7 s. DALI ECGs require an additional 0.5 s for initialization

38

The use of OSRAM DALI electronic control gear in emergency lighting management is explained in the following.

General UV lighting

L N
General luminaire lighting
Phase control

L N IN IN Dimming button

DALI controller

~ ~
DA DA

D D

OSRAM DALI ECG 4

1 2 3 4

X .

U U 0 0 L
From HV

2
Monitoring module

Emergency luminaire lighting

D1 D2 D1 max. 1m D2

~ ~
DA DA

OSRAM DALI ECG

1 2 3 4

X .

ZB-S

Central battery system

Figure 21: Circuit example of the monitoring module and OSRAM DALI ECGs in emergency lighting management The monitoring module (2) enables individual monitoring and control of the DALI ECGs (1). The following applies for normal operation: The OSRAM DALI ECG (1) emergency lighting is supplied with AC voltage via the central battery system. All electronic control gear can be dimmed as usual and are controlled by the DALI controller (3). For maintenance functions (e.g. for servicing, caretaker switching) the OSRAM DALI ECG (1) emergency lighting can be switched to 100 % via the monitoring module (2), the commands of the DALI controller (3) (e.g. dimmer setting) are ignored. A difference is now made between two cases when switching the lighting system into emergency operation:

3.3.1

Mains failure at the subdistributor (UV) In accordance with VDE 0108 when AC mains is present at the central battery system (CB) in emergency operation, the system must not be switched to battery but the security luminaires (1) must be switched to permanent light. The external DALI controller is ignored, the OSRAM DALI ECG (1) emergency lighting is dimmed to 100 % by the monitoring module (2) using a DALI instruction set.

39

3.3.2

Mains failure at the main distributor (HV) The central battery system (CB) provides DC supply voltage. The external DALI controller (3) is ignored, the ECG is dimmed to a previously defined value by the monitoring module (1), which is DC compatible, via a DALI instruction set. The emergency lighting level is pre-specified. OSRAM DALI ECGs (1) can communicate DALI and, hence, be individually dimmed by applying a DC voltage supply.

3.3.4

DC emergency operation of the lighting system without monitoring module The DALI controller (3) is switched off with switchover to the emergency operation of the lighting system. Through the absence of the DALI voltage (approx. 16V DC that is always present during normal operation on the terminals of the DALI controllers), the DALI controllers (4) detect that the "System Failure Level" must be set. Note: The "System Failure Level" has priority over the Power On Level, i.e. if the DALI voltage is absent when applying the supply voltage to the ECG, the System Failure Level will be set. The "System Failure Level" can be configured individually for each ECG from 0100 % light.

3.3.5

QTi DALI: Benefits in emergency lighting applications Unrestricted DALI communication to the ECG even in emergency operation of the lighting system The luminous flux factor can be freely adjusted during battery operation and, hence, matched to the illumination situation Efficient utilization of the battery capacity through reduced luminous flux maintenance Simple installation in the luminaire Use of DALI ECGs as emergency lighting ECGs with unrestricted luminance flux reduction also possible without bus

3.4

OSRAM DALI LUMINAIRE TOOL (DLT) The OSRAM DALI LUMINAIRE TOOL (OSRAM DLT) is a testing and programming tool for luminaries with DALI controllers. All functions (except for the individual OSRAM serial number Chip Identification Number (CIN)) correspond to the DALI standard and are hence vendor-independent.

40

The functions of the OSRAM DLT are: Luminaire function test (for production) Reading of all DALI parameters (e.g. in the event of complaints) Preprogramming of all DALI parameters (e.g. for projects) Reading and printing of the unique OSRAM operating unit address (OSRAM-ID ! CIN (Chip Identification Number)) of each QUICKTRONIC INTELLIGENT ECG and printing on barcode (128-bit) for simplified system commissioning o Placing the label on the luminaire o Max. 4 ECGs in a luminaire o Purpose/Advantage - Simplified installation of a DALI system (no flashing, start-up from outside) - No predefined position of the luminaire (position defined with ID in the luminaire plan) - System integrator: Assignment of the ID to the position

Figure 22: Reading and printing of the unique OSRAM control unit address on barcode

The following section of the software interface shows the DALI parameters that can be configured by the DLT. Special attention is drawn here to the "System Failure Level" and "Power On Level" which come into play for use in emergency lighting systems:

41

Figure 23: DALI parameters that can be changed by the DLT

3.5

Basic switching actions of 110 V control gear The simplest type of light control can be realized via an appropriate logarithmically-dimensioned potentiometer (available from the electrical trade). Because the control power of the OSRAM DIM ECG is generated by the ECG itself, the resistance value is dependent on the number n of the connected ECG. It can be calculated according to the formula: 100 k log R Poti = n If the calculated value is not contained in the resistance table, a similar value should be selected as otherwise full modulation of the lamps is not possible (this overdimensioning may possibly lead to the fact that the whole rotation angle of the potentiometer for the brightness control cannot be used). The potentiometer must be designed for at least a power of PPotentiometer = 2.8 mW n. A mains switch is also required for switching the lighting system. When connecting the potentiometer, it is important to note that the full lighting level is reached by turning to the right. When connecting more than 2 OSRAM DIM ECGs, it is recommended to use a DIM MCU manual control. Detailed information on this can be found in the relevant documentation (LMS portfolio, see www.osram.com/ecg-lms). 42

The following figure illustrates control via a potentiometer:

N L

N L + N L

DIMM-ECG

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

Lamp

On/Off switch

DIMM-ECG

+ N L

Lamp

DIMM-ECG

2 3 4

Potentiometer R = 100 k log. n n: Number of connected ECGs

L N +

Lamp

Figure 24: Potentiometer control of the 110 V interface

3.5.1

110 V: Staircase operating modes As a basic principle, frequent switching is not ideal for fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps. Hence, bulbs are still used in applications with extremely high switching frequency despite the high energy consumption. In staircase operation, OSRAM DIM ECGs dim the light (1 % luminous flux) when it is not required. This avoids unnecessary switching operations and saves energy. Further benefits of the staircase circuit: Because the light is not completely switched off, a certain amount of light still remains available as an orientation light. When needed, the full light is immediately present, without having to wait for a preheating period. Typical applications of the standby circuit are all applications with high operating cycles, such as staircase, hallway or underground carpark, especially when the light is controlled with motion detectors or timer switch.

3.5.1.1 Applications a) Stairwell lighting timer switch Here a special stairwell lighting timer switch (e.g. Siemens: Type 5TT1 303, see Siemens Catalog) provides the readiness switching of the OSRAM DIM ECG. Functionality: The stairlight timer switch switches on the OSRAM DIM ECG at the push of a button (100 % light). After max. 10 min (time can be adjusted) the light is lowered to a preselected level without intermediate stages. After a total of 30 min it is switched off entirely. This 30-min cycle can be restarted at any time by pressing a switch. Thus, the lamp-protecting mode is employed in the evening hours when the staircase is used more frequently. The light only switches between the dimmer settings, real switchings are infrequent. At night, when the stairwell lighting is not required for prolonged periods, the remaining 13 % energy consumption are also still stored at the lowest dimmer setting. 43

Figure 25: Stairwell lighting timer switch b) Stairwell lighting timer switch and motion detector Because the button engages the line voltage (L), it can be replaced by a motion detector. Parallel switching with the switch is also possible. Because the switch-on time is set on the stairwell lighting time switch, the switch-on time of the motion detector can be set to a minimum.

Figure 26: Stairwell lighting timer switch and motion detector

44

3.5.1.2 Control via analog output The external control with an analog output 010 V (e.g. PC card) is basically possible. This control module must be capable of taking the current supplied by the ECG in the control line and of reducing the control voltage to at least 1 V. For that reason, however, the analog output must fulfill two requirements: It must be potential-free and may not therefore be connected galvanically with touchable parts or circuits that are subject to SELV requirements (test voltage 2500 V, the test voltage to grounded parts is 1500 V). The analog output can operate as a current sink because it must take the control current of the OSRAM DIM ECG. Mostly, it is not known whether and how much current an analog output can take but assistance can always be provided by an interface circuit.

3.5.1.3 Interface circuit In the case of up to three OSRAM DIM ECGs, it is recommended to connect the control inputs of the ECG directly with the analog output (e.g. PC card) and, in the case of four and more OSRAM DIM ECGs, to interconnect a signal amplifier. Then start up the system, set the control voltage to 0 V and check with a multimeter directly at the analog output. If the measured value is less than 1 V, the situation is okay and the system can be started. If the control voltage here is greater than 1 V, the analog output cannot take enough current and an additional current sink is required in the form of a parallel switched resistor R. The required value is determined as follows: At a default control voltage of 0 V, a potentiometer (approx. 5 k linear) is also set on the analog output and a 1 V control voltage set with it. Disconnect the potentiometer and measure the resistance value (must be greater than 680 ), provide and connect corresponding fixed resistor (construction form 0207, power rating 0.25 W, possibly next smaller resistance value).

+ Analog output, e.g. PC

R

DIM SA In signal Out amplifier

+ Dimm-ECG

if necessary

Figure 27: Control via PC

45

3.5.1.4 Control via instabus EIB Dimmable ECG with 110 V interface can be easily integrated in installations with the instabus EIB building control system. The link between EIB and the dimmable lighting system is a switching/dimming actuator. A switching/dimming actuator is required for each lighting group. The digital bus signal is converted by the switching/dimming actuator into the analog 110 V control voltage for OSRAM DIM ECGs. The ECG is switched on/off by an integrated relay contact. Different functions can be parameterized: on, off, brighter, darker, as well as a default defined control voltage. Sensors for daylight control etc. are normally connected at the instabus level. Detailed information is available from manufacturers of the instabus EIB.

3.6

Special wiring diagrams, tips and tricks

3.6.1

Temperature-dependent control The recognized temperature problems in dimmed fluorescent lamps can be resolved by a temperature-dependent lower limit of the dimmer setting. The latest generation of the QTi DIM (as of the end of 2008) does this automatically. For older versions, the following implementation applies: The stability threshold (stable dimming operation at low temperatures (< 10 C)) depends greatly on the lamp tolerances. In control types where the lamp starts at 100 % (e.g. stairwell switching), the temperature limit can be lower. Therefore, in an automatic control both the response temperature and the control voltage should be adjustable. The following circuit is recommended:
+ +

Temperature controller 1 +

Main control unit

Aux. control unit approx. 4V, e.g. DIM MCU

Figure 28: Temperature-dependent control

46

The temperature controller can be a room temperature controller for heating control, for example. The switching temperature (e.g. 0 C) should be as precisely adjustable as possible. The switch must be a closer, i.e. must be closed at high temperatures. Such appliances are offered with a bimetal contact (e.g. 2NR9 090-1, power supply not required) or with a temperature sensor (e.g. 2NR9 078, power supply required). Any existing heating resistors for thermal feedback (RF) or nighttime temperature reduction (NA) are not connected. The only power supply line is the possibly required power supply. Depending on the application, different protection types are necessary. Further details are available from specialist personnel for heating and air handling units.

3.6.2

Limitation of the control voltage For certain applications, it is necessary to set an upper or lower limit of the control voltage for the OSRAM DIM ECGs. Reasons for this can include special lamp-ECG combinations and occurrence of flickering at lower temperatures, for example. a) Upper limit The simplest option of dealing with this is the parallel switching of a Zener diode with the corresponding value. For a limit of 7 V, for example, a Zener diode with the nominal value of 7 V or a value close to this must be used. (Zener diodes are available as the E24 series. The type Bzx 55C xVx is recommended. For example, for xVx a value of 7V5 = 7.5 V must be taken. At least 20 ECGs can be controlled with this type.) As a general rule, for parallel switching of several control units the control unit with the lowest value applies as the default for the OSRAM DIM ECG. This applies for all passive control units, i.e. units that acts as a current sink.
+ Control unit Zener diode + DIMM-ECG

+ DIMM-ECG

+ Other ECGs

Figure 29: Upper limit of the control voltage

47

b) Lower limit An effective lower limit can be realized by a series connection of 2 control units. The sum of the two units is effective. With one unit, the default control voltage of the other unit cannot be undercut. Attention: In a series connection, two control units (e.g. DIM MCU) is the smallest achievable control voltage approx. 2 V (~= 4 % luminous flux) connections must be realized according to the diagram.

Figure 30: Lower limit of the control voltage

3.6.3

Line length of the 110 V control line The control line length is only limited by the drop in voltage. It can generally be said that a line length of 100 m is completely noncritical. For a more precise estimate, the following formula can be used: For example, with 1.5 mm, strip of luminaires, supply at the beginning: Lmax = 35 km/no. of ECGs = 350 m for 100 ECGs = 700 m for 50 ECGs Systems of any size can be realized with DIM SA signal amplifiers.

3.6.4

110 V DIM ECG and emergency lighting QUICKTRONIC DIM is suitable for emergency lighting systems in accordance with VDE 0108. If QUICKTRONIC DIM are used in emergency lighting systems, the control line should be disconnected by suitable measures at the plus pole during emergency operation. Corresponding, simple-to-wire changeover converters that pass on a presettable control voltage to the OSRAM DIM ECG, thereby enabling battery-saving emergency lighting operation at less than 100 % luminous flux, are commercially available. 48

Figure 31: Emergency lighting with 110 V DIM ECG It must be noted that some accessory components (e.g. DIM SA signal amplifiers) are not approved for battery operation. Therefore, it is important to make sure that these components are never connected to DC voltage. In this case the signal amplifier, for example, constitutes a fixed resistance that is connected to the control line. The dimmer setting of an ECG is then around 20 %, and accordingly higher for more than one.

3.7

Terminals/Cable cross-sections/Wire stripping lengths For the combined terminals used in the QTi DALI/DIM for T5 and T8 fluorescent lamps, both solid lines as well as flexible lines are permissible. The contacts of the terminal can be made at the top via a socalled insulation displacement contact and via a plug contact (wire stripping length 8.5-11 mm). Likewise for ECGs with push terminals (HF DIM, QTi T/E DALI/DIM), both solid lines (wire stripping length 8.5-9.5 mm) and flexible lines are also permitted provided these are tinned, ultrasound welded or fitted with wire-end sleeves.

49

3.7.1

Inserting and releasing the connection cables Manual cabling of the insulation piercing connection device (above) with the WAGO insertion tool, e.g. order number: 206-831

Figure 32: Wago insertion tool Detachment of the contacts (below) with the WAGO 206-830 extraction tool.

1. Insert extraction tool into the line guide above the line 2. Pull out line

Figure 33: Wago extraction tool Alternatively, the plug contact can be released by simultaneous twisting and pulling.

Release by twisting and pulling

Release by twisting and pulling or with the aid of the extraction tool, order no. 0206-0830

Figure 34: Removing the plug contact The wire stripping lengths and wire cross-sections are printed on the equipment.

50

3.7.2

Cable cross sections

Single-wire conductor Insulation displacement contact (IDC contact) Plug contact Push terminal max. 0.5 mm

Multi-wire conductor max. 0.75 mm 0.51.0 mm (with wire-end sleeve) 0.51.5 mm (with wire-end sleeve)

0.51.0 mm 0.51.5 mm

Table 6: Typical cable cross sections of plug and insulation displacement contacts

3.7.3

Basic insulation IEC 61347 demands basic insulation between the control circuit and mains supply for control inputs. The DALI standard (IEC 62386) is related to this. Consequently, the DALI line is only basically insulated and must be treated like the mains voltage for this reason as is the 110 V interface.

3.7.4

Lamp holders The lamps must be mechanically secure and make contact in the lamp sockets. The holders must be selected according to the type of ECG/lamp used.

3.7.5

Master/slave circuit (2-lamp ECG for the operation of 2 single luminaires) Master/slave operation with multilamp dimmers is not permitted. This is because of the capacitive leakage currents that can lead to imbalances, different luminances and unstable operation in the dimmed state (flickering).

3.7.6

Minimum reflector gaps The reflector must never rest on the lamp, otherwise this can lead to vibrations and noise emissions. A minimum gap of 6 mm must be maintained between the lamp and the reflector in all luminaires. If the gap is less, this can lead to different brightnesses along the length of the lamp due to the capacitive leakage currents. Flickering can also occur.

51

3.8

Temperature response of dimmable ECGs from OSRAM Permissible standard values for minimum ambient light temperatures:
Lamp type Min. temperature at 1 % (3 % CFL) dimmer setting -20 C* +10 C Min. dimmer setting of -20 C to +10 C 1 %* 60 %**** 50 % 30 % 30 % 50 %

T8/26 mm lamp*** T5/16 mm lamp* HE 1435 HO 49 HO 2480 DULUX L* DULUX D/E, T/E, FC

+10 C +10 C**

Table 7 * Only with QTiDIM ** 3100 % *** L18 W, L36 W, L58 W, not L70 W ****; The critical point from which the maintaining voltage increases excessively for cold HO lamps lies just below the 30 % dimmer setting. For HE lamps, this point is reached at the same power density. Because of the 100 % power being approx. only half as high, the dimmer setting is 60 % here. The HO49 lies between HE 1435 W and HO 2480 W/Dimming of the amalgam lamps T5 HO CONSTANT (24 W, 39 W, 54 W, 80 W), CFL (DL CONSTANT 40 W, 55 W, 80 W and T/E IN PLUS 26 W, 32 W, 42 W, 57 W) is possible. The temperature range of the luminaires can be expanded downwards by raising the lowest dimmer setting until the light has reached a higher inner temperature, otherwise flickering or/and starting problems of the lamp can be expected. From the end of 2008 units do this automatically.

3.8.1

Intelligent thermal management in hot luminaires Intelligent thermal management enables operation in a wide ambient temperature range through power reduction. From the generation at the end of 2008, the QTi (DALI)DIM ECG from OSRAM include the feature of intelligent temperature regulation. Features Notable increase in the light yield (lm/W) of hot luminaires Virtually no loss of luminous flux (lm) compared with uncontrolled operation No reduction in the service life of the ECG within the control range Simplifies the safety approval of hot luminaires Relieves luminaire components

52

Note: Limits the tc temperature to < 80 C (depending on installation condition), but never switches the ECG due to excessive temperature Thermally problematic luminaires do not necessarily become standard conformant devices, even with these ECGs Power reduction is carried out up to 50 % of full load operation Functionality The ECG measures the ECG temperature once per minute. At the selected limiting temperature it begins to reduce the power in order to lower the temperature of the luminaire and to prevent the temperature of the ECG from increasing further. The Tc temperature lies between 75 C and 80 C depending on installation conditions (e.g. heat coupling into the ECG from top or bottom). A reduction of the system power by 10 %-20 % at an ambient temperature of 25 C is sufficient in most cases even in hot luminaires, however, only approx. 1 %-2 % light is lost because the level of efficiency of the system increases. Dimming is always possible the temperature regulation may affect the upper dimming level only significantly.

The regulation of the lamp power compensates the loss of light output in hot luminaires.
120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0

Tc temperature [C]

thermal management without limitation of the temperature with thermal management

Abscissa: Luminaire ambient temperature [C]

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Figure 35: Dimmable QTi ECG from OSRAM keep their temperature at the Tc measuring point constant within wide limits and thereby also the temperature in the luminaire. As a result, both the ECG and all other luminaire components are relieved.

53

Ta [C]

0 5 7,5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

120 Tc [C] 110 100 68 90 73 8075,5 70 78 78 60 78 50 78 40 78 78 30 78 20 78 10 83 88 0 0

Telko [C]

Licht [%]

Pn [W]

70 110 165 110 75 115 165 115 77,5 116 165 116 80 115,0 165,0 115,0 115,0 80 109,5 152,9 106,5 109,7 80 104,0 140,7 98,1 104,4 80 98,5 128,6 89,6 99,1 80 92,9 116,5 81,2 93,8 thermal management without limitation of the temperature 80 87,4 104,3 72,7 88,5 80 81,9 92,2 64,3 80,6 with thermal management 80 76,4 80,1 55,8 71,8 85 Luminaire71,4 66,8 Abscissa: ambient80,1 temperature [C] 55,8 90 66,4 80,1 61,8

Rel. output [%]

110 115 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Figure 36: This is achieved by a reduction of the system power.

120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0

Rel. luminous flux [%]

thermal management without limitation of the temperature with thermal management

Abscissa: Luminaire ambient temperature [C]

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Figure 37: Even so the luminous flux of the luminaire hardly decreases because the level of efficiency of the system increases due to the temperature limitation.
140

Rel. light output [%]

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
thermal management without limitation of the temperature with thermal management
Abscissa: Luminaire ambient temperature [C]

Figure 38: The clear rise in the relative light output shows that the temperature limitation has a positive effect on the energy saving of hot luminaires. Measurements using an example of a narrow 2x80 W luminaire: The precise scaling depends on the type of luminaire and the installation conditions of the ECG. 54

Why are the light losses so small due to the temperature limitation? Assuming a luminaire whose inside temperature (= lamp ambient temperature) is to be lowered from 65 C to 55 C. A reduction of the system power by 20 % is required for this. The diagram shows the (T) curves of T5 lamps for 100 % and 80 % system power. During the transition from the 100 % curve to the 80 % curve and the lowering of the lamp ambient temperature by 10 C, the luminous flux remains roughly the same.
(T) curves of T5 lamps Relative luminous flux [%]

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Lamp ambient temperature [C] temperature regulation
100 % system power 80 % system power

Figure 39: Temperature regulation and relative luminous flux QTi (DALI)DIM never stop thinking: Instructions for the thermal coupling of lamp and ECG Temperature limitation is control engineering in the classical sense and requires, therefore, a closed control loop: The lamps must be able to heat the ECG. This is ensured when the ECG and lamps are housed in the same luminaire space, separated by a reflector if necessary. If the ECG is mounted outside the luminaire, it cannot exploit the benefits of the thermal managment.

55

3.8.2

Color temperature Between the maximum and minimum luminous flux of the lamp the color temperature of the lamp changes in a DULUX L this is approx. 150 Kelvin. Due to the great difference in luminance density, the color difference appears to be visually considerably greater. As a result, the subjective perception of the human eye does not reflect the objective color temperature change. Directly after changeover from maximum to minimum luminous flux, a temporary color displacement of up to 400 Kelvin occurs (displacement to the red end that decreases after approx. 30-40 minutes to the color difference mentioned above (stabilization phase)).

Figure 40: Color-phase diagram acc. to DIN 5033 Note: Measurement of the most similar color temperature with greatly dimmed lamps places the highest demands on the electronics and receiver of the color measuring device. Incorrect valuations cannot be excluded with conventional color measuring devices. 3.8.3 Outdoor applications For applications out of doors a special OSRAM housing, the OUTKIT, is available for protecting the ECG against humidity. It is available for ECGs with a headroom of 30 mm or even 21 mm, in the lengths of 360 mm and 423 mm. Details of this can be found in the current light program. For outdoor applications the temperature range of the system lamp-ECG should be examined in detail. In all outdoor applications attention must be paid to sufficient mains quality (above all, lightning protection) so that the ECGs are not damaged. 56

3.8.4

Functional test of luminaires The dimmable QTi family from OSRAM (DALI and 110 V) gives in the luminaire test (with 10 filaments) the following power per lamp: 1-lamp/2-lamp (T5 and T8): 32 Watts 3-lamp/4-lamp (T5 and T8): 16 Watts This function is independent of the deployment of the actual lamp. For special applications/luminaires, the filament detection can be switched off details on request. If the end test of the luminaire is carried out in TouchDIM mode, note that the lamp must be dimmed to 100 % light before the disconnection of the luminaire from the mains supply . Only in this way is it ensured that the light can also be switched on with the protection (without control unit) (DALI standard) during installation of the luminaire. If the luminaire was switched off via TouchDIM the luminaire also remains off after a loss of voltage the installer could mistakenly assume a defective ECG in this case. If the luminaire has mains voltage applied to it for the first time (without control unit), it must be switched on with 100 % luminous flux (= DALI factory setting). The changeover of DALI to TouchDIM mode or vice versa, assumes a mains voltage failure of the ECG (safety interlock).

3.9

Dimming of amalgam lamps Since the latest generation of OSRAM QTi DALI/DIM units from the end of 2008, amalgam lamps (provided with red stamping ink) can now also be dimmed without restriction. Features Stable dimming operation down to 1 % (CFL 3 %) Considerably more light in a wide ambient temperature range 90 % luminous flux from 0 C to +70 C (temperature-dependent cut-off) Reliable lamp ignition down to -20 C Power boost stabilizes discharges in the pink-phase" No service life reduction of lamp/ECG lamp/ECG combinations T5: HO CONSTANT: 24 W, 39 W, 54 W, 80 W Dimming range 1100 % 40 W, 55 W, 80 W Dimming range 1100 % 26 W, 32 W, 42 W, 57 W Dimming range 3100 %

CFL: DULUX L CONSTANT CFL: DULUX T/E IN PLUS

57

ECG
QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) 1x14/24 DIM QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) 1x21/39 DIM QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) 1x28/54 DIM QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) 1x35/49/80 DIM QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) 2x14/24 DIM QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) 2x21/39 DIM QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) 2x28/54 DIM QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) 2x35/49/80 DIM QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) 3x14/24 DIM QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) 4x14/24 DIM QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) - T/E 1x18-57 DIM QTi DALI / QTi (110 V) - T/E 2x18-42 DIM

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x *) x x *)

*) Not for flashing operation, dimming operation only possible within the scope of a special release

Figure 41: ECG lamp combinations (amalgam lamps) Functionality of QTi DALI/DIM: Power boost and amalgam lamps The amalgam releases just as much mercury as is required for the discharge and, as a result, considerably decreases the luminous flux at high or low temperatures. After a change of the operational mode, however, it takes a number of minutes until the mercury balance is discontinued again. If the lamp is switched off for a prolonged period no discharge and no mercury requirement the amalgam collects all the mercury. On a restart, therefore, there is initially a lack of mercury which can be detected by the "pink phase. If the lamp is dimmed at the same time, its maintaining voltage can rise to non permitted values and the discharge can become instable. Here the power boost of the QTi DALI/DIM comes into play: It automatically increases the lamp power in order to lower the lamp voltage and to stabilize the discharge phase. Then when the amalgam has released enough mercury, the lamp power is automatically reduced again and the lamp can be dimmed normally.

Also in normal mercury lamps the power boost takes effect and simplifies dimming during the ignition phase of the lamps as well as for very low temperatures: When there are instabilities in the lower dimming level, the Power Boost regulation helps to stabilize the burning conditions.

58

DL 55 W CONSTANT

D T/E 57 W IN PLUS

D T/E 26 W IN PLUS

D T/E 32 W IN PLUS

D T/E 42 W IN PLUS

DL 80 W CONSTANT

DL 40 W CONSTANT

HO 24 W CONSTANT

HO 39 W CONSTANT

HO 54 W CONSTANT

HO 80 W CONSTANT

Lamp

T5 T5 T5 T5 CFL CFL CFL CFL CFL CFL CFL

Power Boost HO24 CONSTANT 10 9 8 ECG power [W] Rel. luminous flux [%] 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Time [s] 120 140 160 180 200

Figure 42: Power boost and lamp start with HO 24 W CONSTANT lamp Functionality of QTi DALI/DIM: Relative luminous flux > 90 % over an additional expanded temperature range from 0 C to +70 C Mercury T5 lamps reach their luminous flux optimum at an ambient temperature of 35 C but only if their mercury household is not influenced by additional electrode heating. The QTi DALI/DIM units, therefore, have a cut-off, i.e. the electrode heating is switched off when it is not needed. It can be shown that, at low ambient temperatures, amalgam lamps give off more light when the electrodes are heated somewhat. At high temperatures, however, this effect is reversed. The QTi DALI/ DIM uses its internal temperature sensor in order to switch off the electrode heating at a sufficiently high temperature. This means a further increase of the luminous flux of cold amalgam lamps is achieved: The temperature at which the luminous flux falls below the 90 % line drops from +5 C to 0 C.

New ! Neu!

59

(T) curves of T5 lamps

100 90

Relative luminous flux [%]

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Lamp ambient [C]

----90% T5 Standard T5 C ONSTAN T of dimmable standard ECG T5 C ONSTAN T of QTI DALI/DIM

Figure 43: QTi DALI/DIM: More luminous flux over an expanded temperature range
Lamp type Min. temperature at 1 % (3 % CFL) dimmer setting +10 C Min. dimmer setting of -20 C to +10 C

T5, CFL*

30 %

Table 8: *Amalgam lamps, T5 HO CONSTANT (24 W, 39 W, 54 W, 80 W), CFL (DL CONSTANT 40 W, 55 W, 80 W) Attention: For T/E IN PLUS 26 W, 32 W, 42 W, 57 W a dimmer setting of 50 % min. applies at -20 C.

3.9.1

Dynamic dimming procedures with amalgam lamps The frequency of dimmer setting changes is primarily limited by the inertia of the control input, a passage of the dimming range takes approx. 200 ms for 110 V, and approx. 50 ms for DALI. Thus, rapid flashing blurs to a middle dimmer setting. At 10 Hz, this effect is already particularly visible at 110 V. No damage to the lamp is to be expected. A dimming process every 2 s is possible without any problem.

60

3.9.2

Benefits of amalgam technology Note: Dimming of amalgam lamps is also suitable for outdoor applications. Sufficient attention should be paid that the ECG is protected against external influences (IP67).

Figure 44: Relative luminous flux against ambient temperature in the luminaire of T5 standard and T5 HO CONSTANT lamps

Figure 45: More light from new luminaires thanks to amalgam technology

61

Note: Amalgam and mercury lamps must never be mixed in multilamp ECGs because the power increase available in amalgam lamps would lead to a vigorous overshooting of the light in a mercury lamp. In addition, the synchronization in the lower dimming range would be poor. No release: Dimming of a T5 amalgam lamp with predecessor units up to the end of 2008 (DALI and 110 V): For dimmer settings below 30 %, the following applies: - Voltage peaks arise through unwanted controller oscillations14 - Unfavorable operating condition leads to lamp flickering and a reduction of the lamp service life Recommendation: Dimming of amalgam lamps is possible, but this is not released by OSRAM. Burning-in of the lamps at 100 % luminous flux after each restart for approx. 2-3 minutes, then dimming. In principle, however, dimming of T5 amalgam lamps with predecessor units is not recommended for the reasons mentioned above.

14

Oscillations typically in the lower third of the dimming range can develop when fluorescent bulbs with electronic control gear are dimmed, which are caused by the interaction of lamp characteristic, lamp time constants, resonant circuit and control.

62

4 System energy consumption and dimmer setting

Because there is a largely linear relationship between the power consumption of the DALI/DIM systems (lamp and ECG) and the dimmer setting, the power consumption PN(d) can be calculated for each dimmer setting d (in percent) from the values PN100 % (100 % nominal power, PN = Power Nominal) and PN1 % (nominal power of 1 %) (depending on ECG lamp combination, available on request):

PN (d )  PN 1% 
Energy consumption (system)

PN 100% PN 1% v ( d 1%) 99%

100 % Additional savings 80 % Savings 50 %

Consumption 4-10 % Reduction of the new value in acc. with EN12464 100 %

(1/3 own consumption + 2/3 lamp heating)

1%

Luminous flux

Figure 46: Linear relationship, dimmer setting and energy consumption system

63

5 Dimming of compact fluorescent lamps

DULUX T/E 26W (IN)

FC 22W

FC 40 W

DULUX T/E 18W

DULUX D/E 26W

DULUX T/E 32W (IN)

DULUX T/E 42W (IN) DULUX D/E 18W DULUX T/E 57W (IN)

Figure 47: Range of lamps with an ECG, www.osram.com/qti With the new CFL MULTI lamp ECGs, DULUX T/E 18 W as well as T/E 57 W can be operated on one ECG. All 2-lamp downlights for 2x18, 2x26, 2x32 and 2x42 W can be fitted with only one 2-lamp QTi DIM ECG. Optionally, with DALI/TouchDIM or TouchDIM Sensor interface can be ordered15. The user can continuously adjust the required lighting level by dimming.

DALI MCU

Remote switch without battery

Radio receiver

Figure 48: The QTi T/E DALI system

15

Operation with a 110 V interface is also possible (QTi-T/E 1x18-57 DIM and QTi-T/E 2x18-42 DIM)

64

5.1

Unique features of the new OSRAM CFL ECG Up to 12 lamp types can be operated on 1-lamp ECG DULUX D/E 18 W, DULUX T/E 18 W 2 DULUX D/E 26 W, DULUX T/E 26 W ) + DULUX T/E 26 W IN (amalgam) 3 DULUX T/E 32 W, DULUX T/E 32 W IN (amalgam) 2 DULUX T/E 42 W DULUX T/E 32 W IN (amalgam) 2 DULUX T/E 57 W IN (amalgam) 1 FC 22 W 1 FC 40 W 1 = 12 lamps For the first time, DULUX IN (amalgam) can also be operated on the DIM ECG Halving of the range of ECG products from 4 to 2 types of ECG Lamp starting with optimized filament preheating inside 0.6 s 2-lamp ECGs now as small as 1-lamp ECGs (K3 housing) Dimming range 3100 % luminous flux DALI and TouchDim interface can be operated in an ECG, e.g. on DALI dimmer or TouchDim sensor Highest energy efficiency thanks to cutoff technology Automatic safety shutdown on lamp defect and at the end of the lamp life (EoL T2) Optional cable clamps for snapping into the housing

Figure 49: Principle Optional cable clamps for snapping into the housing

65

Numerous applications in the downlight sector can be covered by one luminaire type in combination with the new QTi T/E DALI/DIM generation from OSRAM. Thus, for example, it is possible to design the lighting of a building with different room heights and different luminaire installation locations (e.g. corridors, foyers etc.) so they are simple and flexible to dim. Thus, several lumen packages" are possible for each room. Due to optimized filament preheating, the lamp starts inside 0.6 seconds which means the user does not have to accept unnecessary waiting periods after switching on. The intelligent QTi T/E DALI/DIM units automatically adjust the filament preheating for very low temperatures. Thus, amalgam lamps can be operated in a stable way. Intelligent power reduction at excessive temperatures ensures a high service life and reliable operation.

Figure 50: QTi T/E 2x26-42 W DALI/DIM: Realizable in a single luminaire

66

6 The Activity Group DALI (AG DALI)

The DALI" workgroup was set up in 1999 under the auspices of the ZVEI (the German Central Association of Electrical Engineering and the Electrical Industry) with the aim of establishing this new standard on the market. All the leading manufacturers of ECGs and controllers are represented in this Activity group so they can develop and market their products in accordance with the requirements of the DALI standard. The AG DALI is an open community that any company can join for a modest annual fee. The AG DALI has published a DALI Handbook and various other information brochures that can be downloaded from their home page. See: www.dali-ag.org Contact address: Activity Group DALI des ZVEI e.V., Fachverband Elektroleuchten Lyonerstr. 9 D-60528 Frankfurt am Main Tel.: +49 (0)69 63 02-0 Fax: +49 (0)69 63 02-317 Email: licht@zvei.org

67

7 Tender documents
QUICKTRONIC INTELLIGENT DALI DIM for compact fluorescent lamps Ordering designation according to lamp type: QTi DALI-T/E DIM Intelligent ECG with DALI interface according to IEC 60929 Compact fluorescent lamps, OSRAM DULUX T/E 18, 26, 32, 42 W and OSRAM DULUX T/E IN 26, 32, 42 (57) W (amalgam lamps) from 3 % to 100 % can be dimmed without any restriction Warm start of the lamp inside 0.6 seconds without switch-on flash Manual dimming operation (TouchDIM ) without any control gear with standard installation switches, incl. memory function (doubleclick) and soft start Service life: 50,000 h at maximum thermal load (tc = 75 C, max. 10 % failure) Effective excess temperature protection of the dimming ECG through intelligent power reduction at high tc temperatures 5-year system+ guarantee: For every ECG that failed due to a material or production fault, a replacement is available CELMA energy classification EEI = A1 Maximum energy efficiency thanks to cut-off technology EoL shutdown acc. to EN/IEC 61347-2-3 Section 17 For use in emergency lighting systems acc. to EN 50172 / DIN VDE 0108-100 Configurable emergency current features, adjustable light value without control signal between 100 % and 3 % luminous flux Test mark: ENEC, VDE, EMC EN 60929, EN 61347-2-3, EN 55015, EN 61000-3-2, EN 61547, EN 61000-3-3 QUICKTRONIC INTELLIGENT DALI DIM for T5/ 16 mm fluorescent lamps Ordering designation for each type of lamp: QTi DALI DIM Intelligent ECG with DALI interface according to IEC 60929 Operation of T5/ 16 mm fluorescent lamps of same length in a luminaire for the flexible adaptation of the lighting level Unrestrictedly dimmable from 1 % to 100 % Max. dimming speed for dynamic RGB color light applications of 5 ms, from 1 % to 100 % through optimized regulation of the filament preheating Warm start of the lamp inside 0.5 seconds without switch-on flash Manual dimming operation (TouchDIM) without any control gear with standard installation buttons, incl. memory function (doubleclick) and soft start Service life: 50,000 h at maximum thermal load (tc = 75 C, max. 10 % failure) Effective excess temperature protection of the dimming ECG 68

through intelligent power reduction at high tc temperatures 5-year system+ guarantee: For every ECG that failed due to a material or production fault, a replacement is available CELMA energy classification EEI = A1 Maximum energy efficiency thanks to cut-off technology EoL shutdown acc. to EN/IEC 61347-2-3 Section 17 For use in emergency lighting systems acc. to EN 50172 / DIN VDE 0108-100 Configurable emergency current features Light value without control signal adjustable between 100 % and 1 % luminous flux Test mark: ENEC, VDE, EMC EN 60929, EN 61347-2-3, EN 55015, EN 61000-3-2, EN 61547, EN 61000-3-3 QUICKTRONIC INTELLIGENT DALI DIM for T8/ 26 mm fluorescent lamps Ordering designation for each type of lamp: QTi DALI DIM Intelligent ECG with DALI interface according to IEC 60929 Commercial T8/ 26 mm fluorescent lamps unrestrictedly dimmable from 1 % to 100 % Max. dimming speed for dynamic RGB color light applications of 5 ms, from 1 % to 100 % through optimized regulation of the filament preheating Warm start of the lamp inside 0.5 seconds without switch-on flash Manual dimming operation (TouchDIM ) without any control gear with standard installation buttons, incl. memory function (doubleclick) and soft start Service life: 50,000 h at maximum thermal load (tc = 75 C, max. 10 % failure) Effective excess temperature protection of the dimming ECG through intelligent power reduction at high tc temperatures 5-year system+ guarantee: For every ECG that failed due to a material or production fault, a replacement is available CELMA energy classification EEI = A1 Maximum energy efficiency thanks to cut-off technology EoL shutdown acc. to EN/IEC 61347-2-3 Section 17 For use in emergency lighting systems acc. to EN 50172 / DIN VDE 0108-100 Configurable emergency current features, light value without control signal adjustable between 100 % and 1 % luminous flux Test mark: ENEC, VDE, EMC EN 60929, EN 61347-2-3, EN 55015, EN 61000-3-2, EN 61547, EN 61000-3-3

69

QUICKTRONIC INTELLIGENT DIM (110 V) for compact fluorescent lamps Ordering designation for each type of lamp: QTi-T/EDIM Intelligent ECG with 110 V interface acc. to IEC 60929 OSRAM DULUX compact fluorescent lamps T/E 18, 26, 32, 42 W and OSRAM DULUX T/E IN 26, 32, 42 (57) W (amalgam lamps) unrestrictedly dimmable from 3 % to 100 % Warm start of the lamp inside 0.6 seconds without switch-on flash Service life: 50,000 h at maximum thermal load (tc = 75 C, max. 10 % failure) Effective excess temperature protection of the dimming ECG through intelligent power reduction at high tc temperatures 5-year system+ guarantee: For every ECG that failed due to a material or production fault, a replacement is available CELMA energy classification EEI = A1 Maximum energy efficiency thanks to cut-off technology EoL shutdown acc. to EN/IEC 61347-2-3 Section 17 For use in emergency lighting systems acc. to EN 50172 / DIN VDE 0108-100 Test mark: ENEC, VDE, EMC EN 60929, EN 61347-2-3, EN 55015, EN 61000-3-2, EN 61547, EN 61000-3-3 Ordering designation for each type of lamp: QTi-T/EDIM QUICKTRONIC INTELLIGENT DIM (110 V) for T5/ 16 mm fluorescent lamps Ordering designation for each type of lamp: QTi DIM Intelligent ECG with 110 V interface acc. to IEC 60929 Operation of T5 fluorescent lamps of the same length in a luminaire for the flexible adaptation of the light level Unrestrictedly dimmable from 1 % to 100 % Max. dimming speed for dynamic RGB color light applications of 5 ms, from 1 % to 100 % through optimized regulation of the filament preheating Warm start of the lamp inside 0.5 seconds without switch-on flash Manual dimming operation (TouchDIM) without any control gear with standard installation buttons, incl. memory function (doubleclick) and soft start Service life: 50,000 h at maximum thermal load (tc = 75 C, max. 10 % failure) 5-year system+ guarantee For every ECG that failed due to a material or production fault, a replacement is available CELMA energy classification EEI = A1 Maximum energy efficiency thanks to cut-off technology 70

 EoL shutdown acc. to EN/IEC 61347-2-3 Section 17 For use in emergency lighting systems acc. to EN 50172 / DIN VDE 0108-100 Test mark: ENEC, VDE, EMC EN 60929, EN 61347-2-3, EN 55015, EN 61000-3-2, EN 61547, EN 61000-3-3 QUICKTRONIC INTELLIGENT DIM (110 V) for T8/ 26 mm fluorescent lamps Ordering designation for each type of lamp: QTi DIM Intelligent ECG with 110 V interface acc. to IEC 60929 Commercial T8/ 26 mm fluorescent lamps unrestrictedly dimmable from 1 % to 100 % Unrestrictedly dimmable from 1 % to 100 % Max. dimming speed for dynamic RGB color light applications of 5 ms, from 1 % to 100 % through optimized regulation of the filament preheating Warm start of the lamp inside 0.5 seconds without switch-on flash Manual dimming operation (TouchDIM) without any control gear with standard installation buttons, incl. memory function (doubleclick) and soft start Service life: 50,000 h at maximum thermal load (tc = 75 C, max. 10 % failure) 5-year system+ guarantee: For every ECG that failed due to a material or production fault, a replacement is available CELMA energy classification EEI = A1 Maximum energy efficiency thanks to cut-off technology EoL shutdown acc. to EN/IEC 61347-2-3 Section 17 For use in emergency lighting systems acc. to EN 50172 / DIN VDE 0108-100 Test mark: ENEC, VDE, EMC EN 60929, EN 61347-2-3, EN 55015, EN 61000-3-2, EN 61547, EN 61000-3-3

71

8
8.1 8.1.1 DALI part TouchDIM

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

Can the TouchDIM function and a DALI controller be used at the same time? No. Either a DALI controller or the TouchDIM function! TouchDIM and DALI operation are mutually exclusive. How do the ECGs behave after a mains voltage failure? The DALI ECG of the QTi series automatically reestablish the previous status. Both the switching status (on/off) and the dimmer setting are taken into account here. Can devices that do not run synchronously be synchronized again? Yes. The procedure is as follows: Press switch for long period (> 3 s) (all ECGs on). Press switch for short period (all ECGs are switched off). Press switch for long period (all ECGs switch on with minimum dimmer setting and then fade up) ! Long short long Is it also possible to connect more than one DALI ECGs to a switch? Up to 6 ECGs can be controlled by one switch, the number of control sections is limited to 2. With one DALI repeater, up to 64 DALI ECGs can be operated in TouchDIM mode. How long should the cable be between the switch and the ECG? The line length should not exceed 25 meters. In the case of longer lines, additional measures must be taken in order to suppress interference (e.g. bell transformer). Which switches can be used? All button can be used that are suitable for mains voltage, but no button with glow lamps. Does TouchDIM only work with 230 V AC voltage? No, TouchDIM control is possible with AC voltages between 10 V and 230 V (effective value!). Can I also use DC voltage for TouchDIM? No, it must be AC voltage with a frequency between 46 and 66 Hz.

72

 Can a TouchDIM system be upgraded with a DALI controller? Yes, an upgrade is possible at any time. Changeover of the DALI ECGs from TouchDIM to DALI takes place automatically after a power outage on the ECG when the first DALI command is sent. TouchDIM and DALI control cannot be used at the same time! Can the motion function of the TouchDIM sensor be switched off (holiday mode)? Yes, the so-called "holiday mode" prevents the lighting system being switched on by the motion sensor. It is activated by doubleclicking on the switch if the light has not been manually dimmed in the previous 30 seconds. The motion function is active again if the luminaire is switched on manually at the switch.

8.1.2

DALI in general Do the ECGs have to be addressed in DALI? No, it can also function without addressing (broadcast mode). What is the difference between DSI and DALI? DSI is a corporate solution, not a general standard like DALI. DSI does not allow digital addressing so it is not possible to form groups freely or check individual lamps for faults! Groups have to be formed by wiring as well as in the case of 110 V systems. Does attention have to be paid to the group arrangement in DALI when wiring the system? No, the groups are generally assigned (addressed) when the system is started up. Does attention have to be paid to the polarity of the DALI control line? When OSRAM DALI control gear is used there is no need to worry about polarity. How can DALI ECGs be addressed? They can be addressed individually, in groups or all together. Can I get feedback messages from DALI ECGs? Yes, all device settings as well as the device status, such as lamp faults, can be checked.

73

 Can a DALI ECG belong to more than one group at the same time? Yes. Each DALI controller can belong to up to 16 groups. Where are the data for the group assignments and light scene values stored? They are stored directly in the internal EEPROM of the ECG. Are the data in the ECG lost if there is a power failure? No, the data are permanently stored in the ECG. They are retained even if the power failure is prolonged. What happens if an ECG fails? The ECG simply has to be replaced and adjusted to the appropriate settings (the procedure depends on the control unit). What happens if a control unit is faulty? If the DALI interface voltage is lost, all ECGs take on the so-called "system failure level" (ECG factory setting: 100 % light). Can DALI be integrated in superordinate building management systems (e.g. EIB or LON)? Yes, by using gateways or control units with the appropriate interface. Is DALI a competitor to EIB or LON? No, DALI is only a subsystem of the building management system for controling the lighting. Can 110 V components also be incorporated in a DALI lighting control system? Yes, by using DALI to 110 V converters. Can existing 110 V lighting systems be upgraded with a DALI controller? Yes, a DALI to 110 V converter is needed for each 110 V luminaire group (e.g. DALI CON 110 SO). Can the wiring of the DALI ECG be checked on a building site? This depends on the control unit used. DALI ECGs that are still in their factory setting always produce 100 % light when the mains voltage (with protection) is applied.

74

 What insulation is required for the DALI control line? The DALI control line must be approved for mains voltage (as in the case of the 110 V interface). Can existing 110 V control lines be used? Yes, provided they are rated for mains voltage. How long can a control line be? A maximum of 300 m between the controller and the furthest connected DALI unit. Can control and power cables be laid together? Yes, a 5 x 1.5 mm2 NYM cable can be used, for example. What line cross section must the control line have? Up to 100 m: min. 0.5 mm2/from 100 m to 150 m: 1.0 mm2/from 150 m: 1.5 mm2. Can any company develop a DALI controller or DALI ECG? Yes, there are no restrictions except that the DALI logo may only be used by members of the DALI Activity Group. See also http://www.dali-ag.org/. What happens if I use DALI ECGs from different manufacturers in the same system? The controllers are DALI-compatible if they carry the DALI logo. It is important to note, however, as in 110 V technology, ECGs from different manufacturers can result in different filament preheating times and different lamp starting times. Can controllers from different manufacturers be combined? No, DALI ECGs are interchangeable, but the control components cannot normally be combined. Is it possible to limit the maximum and minimum luminous flux? Yes, these values can be changed/limited with the appropriate controller in the ECG.

75

8.1.3

DALI to 110 V converter Is it possible to switch and dim with DALI to 110 V converters? Yes, with the converter both are possible. Can the converter also offer the TouchDim function? Yes, the converter behaves like a DALI ECG here in TouchDIMmode 1. Why does the converter have characteristic changeover? So that it is possible to compensate for the different behaviours of incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps. You should therefore choose between the linear characteristic (incandescent lamps) and the logarithmic characteristic (fluorescent lamps) depending on whether the converter is operating a fluorescent lamp ECG or a dimmer for incandescent lamps).

8.1.4

Troubleshooting TouchDIM mode Before you start troubleshooting, please check each time that the controller is wired according to the operating manual and that the corresponding power supply is on. In the case of luminaires, please also check the light sources and replace if necessary. The ECG are not reacting as expected to switch operations. If the button was pressed too long (> 1 second), the lamp starts at the lowest dimmer setting which may be difficult to see in bright ambient surroundings. Individual luminaires have a different brightness level and conflict with one another. Manual synchronization of the system: Long button (>3 s) press (all lamps on). Short button press (all lamps are switched off). Long button press (all lamps switch on at minimum dimmer setting and dim upwards). The ECGs react without any button being pressed. 1. The line between button and luminaire (ECG) is possibly too long. 2. A button with glow lamp was used which is not permissible. The motion detection function of the TouchDIM sensor is not working. 1. The luminaire was switched off by double-clicking the switch and this has deactivated the motion detection function (holiday mode)

76

2. The available daylight is sufficiently bright. Cover the sensor and observe the response of the luminaire. 3. The motion detection is deactivated for 30 s after the lighting system has been switched off manually. This time will only expire if there are no more people in the detection zone. The luminaire is not regulating its the brightness to the setpoint value 1. After setting the brightness, you must press the button twice inside 30 s (to store the setpoint value). If you press the button later than that, the holiday mode will be activated. 2. The dimming was carried out manually this deactivates the brightness control. Switch the luminaire off and on again. 3. No setpoint value has been stored. Set the required light value and double-click to store it. Holiday mode cannot be activated. The brightness level has been changed within the past 30 seconds holiday mode can only be activated after this time.

8.1.5

Troubleshooting DALI controllers The ECGs are not reacting to commands from the controller? Please check the wiring where approx. 16 VDC should be applied to the DALI terminals of the ECG.

8.1.6

DALI to 110 V converter Not all lighting strips can be switched off. Please check that the power supply of the relevant lighting group has been routed via the load contact of the respective converter.

8.2

110 V DIM ECG part How long can the 110 V control line be? The maximum permissible length of the control line is 100 m (also applies to the DALI control line). (Note: Due to the low control current, a drop in voltage is only noticeable on the control line after approx. 300-400 m) What line cross section should the 110 V control line have? 1.5 mm is recommended as the cross section. The insulation of the line used must be designed for mains voltage.

77

 Can control and supply lines be laid together? Yes, control and supply lines can be laid together (VDE 0100 520 Section 528.11). The following points must be noted: The lines used must comply with the maximum operating voltage that occurs. (VDE 0100/11.85, T520 Section 528.11) When laying core lines in installation ducts or channels, only the conductor of a main current circuit, including the associated auxiliary circuits, may be laid. Also a number of main current circuits, including the associated auxiliary circuits, can be laid in one line. (VDE 0100/11.85, T520 Section 528.11) How can permanently selected lighting levels be controlled simply and economically? A simple control for preset lighting levels with 100 % or 1 % luminous flux and several values lying between is possible with fixed resistors or Zener diodes. Can 110 V dimmable ECGs from OSRAM be used for emergency lighting? Yes, but the use of dimmable ECGs in systems for emergency lighting is associated with additional expense. Components such as signal amplifiers, ICM 10 or the light constant holding module would be destroyed by supplying them with DC voltage. This means that, in the case of switching over to a DC voltage supply, these components must be disconnected from the mains supply. Can compact fluorescent lamps with a 2-pin base be dimmed? No, ECG operation of 2-pin lamps is not generally allowed. The glow igniter integrated in the base can lead to problems such as poor, unreliable ignition, reduced lamp service life or destruction of the ECG. Here additional heating of the lamp electrodes is not possible in dimmed operation which would lead to a significantly reduced lamp service life. Basically, only 4-pin base lamps with the designation /E (e.g. DULUX S/E, D/E, T/E) can be operated on the ECG and dimmed with this. Does continuous operation in the lowest dimmer setting have an effect on the service life of fluorescent lamps? Long-term operation of fluorescent lamps and ECG from OSRAM in the dimmed state has no negative influence on the service life of the lamp.

78

8.2.1

Troubleshooting 110 V Lamp does not burn with 100 % luminous flux The control line is not connected or not correctly connected to the control unit, or the control unit is not a sufficiently good current sink and, hence, cannot reduce the control voltage. Check the wiring. Check that the control voltage is reduced while dimming and, if necessary, install a parallel resistor in the control line. Also one or more control inputs may be pole reversed: Disconnect control unit Subdivide control circuit Further subdivide control circuit Lamp always burn at minimum brightness + and - connectors of the control line are reversed, or short circuit in the control line. Connect lines with correct polarity, check wiring The lamp does not show the required luminous flux when controlled with potentiometers or fixed resistors. Potentiometers or resistors are wrongly dimensioned. Check the values Insufficient brightness along the lamp Spacing of the reflector to the lamp is too small, capacitive discharge currents occur. Increase gap between the reflector and the lamp Synchronous lamp flickering Fault is outside the dimming system, e.g. N conductor disconnection, control voltage not OK Check N conductor connection and control unit

79

9
9.1

Appendix

Starting currents and max. number of ECGs in automatic cutouts

Figure 51: Starting currents and max. number of ECGs in automatic cutouts (B characteristic), measurement at UN = 230 VAC 9.1.1 Minimum B/C characteristic triggering levels The minimum triggering levels increase from B to C characteristic by the factor = 1.67, i.e. not quite a factor of 2. At the same time, however, the total current must not exceed the value of the automatic cutouts.

80

9.2

DALI fade time and fade rate The fade time can be set to any of 16 different steps (0 to 15) and denotes the fade time to go from one scene to another (room lighting states). The fade rate, which can also be set to any of 16 settings, is the number of fade steps per second and acts on the speed with which the lighting is faded up or down manually.
Setting 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 FADE TIME (s) <0.7 0.7 1.0 1.4 2.0 2.8 4.0 5.7 8.0 11.3 16.0 22.6 32.0 45.3 64.0 90.5 FADE RATE (steps/s) Not possible 357.8 253.0 178.9 126.5 89.5 63.3 44.7 31.6 22.4 15.8 11.2 7.9 5.6 3.9 2.8

Table 9: Fade time and fade rate of dimmable OSRAM DALI controllers

9.3

Lamp wiring

Figure 52: QTi DALI/DIM 1x: lines 26 and 27 max. length of 1 m

81

Figure 53: QTi DALI/DIM 2x: lines 24, 25 and 26, 27 max. length of 1m

Figure 54: QTi DALI/DIM 3x

Figure 55: QTi DALI/DIM 4x

82

Figure 56: HF DIM 1x: lines 26 and 27 max. length of 1.5 m

Figure 57: HF DIM 2x: lines 24, 25 and 26, 27 max. length of 1.5 m

83

9.4
Unit

Operating parameters of the ECG lamp combinations

Lamps Umin-max 1) Ubatt min-max KHz ECG 2) Nominal current [A] 3) 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.20 0.20 0.14 0.27 0.27 0.18 0.24 0.38 0.15 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.39 0.39 0.28 0.54 0.54 0.36 0.48 0.78 0.48 0.36 0.20 0.32 0.32 0.27 0.43 0.43 0.09 0.09 0.16 0.16 0.24 0.17 0.17 0.31 0.31 0.49 0.09 0.17 0.25 0.17 0.31 0.48 0.09 0.13 0.16 0.21 0.27 0.17 0.25 0.30 0.39 Lambda W system 3) ln 3)

QTi DALI 1x14/24 DIM QTi 1x14/24 DIM QTi DALI 1x21/39 DIM QTi 1x21/39 DIM QTi DALI 1x28/54 DIM QTi 1x28/54 DIM QTi DALI 1x35/49/80 DIM QTi 1x35/49/80 DIM QTi DALI 2x14/24 DIM QTi 2x14/24 DIM QTi DALI 2x21/39 DIM QTi 2x21/39 DIM QTi DALI 2x28/54 DIM QTi 2x28/54 DIM QTi DALI 2x35/49 DIM QTi 2x35/49 DIM QTi DALI 2x35/49/80 DIM QTi 2x35/49/80 DIM QTi DALI 3x14/24 DIM QTi 3x14/24 DIM QTi DALI 4x14/24 DIM QTi 4x14/24 DIM QTi DALI 1x18 DIM QTi 1x18 DIM QTi DALI 1x36 DIM QTi 1x36 DIM QTi DALI 1x58 DIM QTi 1x58 DIM QTi DALI 2x18 DIM QTi 2x18 DIM QTi DALI 2x36 DIM QTi 2x36 DIM QTi DALI 2x58 DIM QTi 2x58 DIM HF 1x18/230-240 DIM HF 1x36/230-240 DIM HF 1x58/230-240 DIM HF 2x18/230-240 DIM HF 2x36/230-240 DIM HF 2x58/230-240 DIM QTi DALI-T/E 1x18-57 DIM QTi-T/E 1x18-57 DIM

1xHE14 1xHO24 1xDL24 1xHE21 1xHO39 1xDL40 1xHE28 1xHO54 1xDL55 1xHE35 1xHO49 1xHO80 2xHE14 2xHO24 2xDL24 2xHE21 2xHO39 2xDL40 2xHE28 2xHO54 2xDL55 2xHE35 2xHO49 2xHO80 2xHO49 2xHE35 3xHE14 3xHO24 3xDL24 3xHE14 3xHO24 3xDL24 1xL18 1xDL18 1xL36 1xDL36 1xL58 2xL18 2xDL18 2xL36 2xDL36 2xL58 1xL18 1xL36 1xL58 2xL18 2xL36 2xL58 1xT/E18 1xT/E26 1xT/E32 1xT/E42 1xT/E57 1xT/E18 1xT/E26 1xT/E32 1xT/E42

198264

154276

53120

198264

154276

44120

198264

154276

44120

198264

154276

44120

198264

154276

53120

198264

154276

44120

198264 198264

154276 154276

44120 44120

198264

154276

44120

198264

154276

53120

198264 198264 198264 198264 198264 198264 198264 198264 198264 198264 198264 198264 198264

154276 154276 154276 154276 154276 154276 154276 154276 154276 154276 154276 154276 154276

53120 51120 48120 46120 51120 48120 46120 40100 40100 40100 40100 40100 40100

0.96 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.96 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.99 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.95 0.98 0.99 0.99

17 27 27 24 44 44 31 60 60 39 54 87 34 54 54 48 88 88 62 121 121 78 108 175 108 78 45 73 73 60 98 98 19 19 35 35 55 38 38 70 70 110 19 36 56 36 71 111 20 27 39 47 62 35 56 68 90

1x1200 1x1750 1x1800 1x1900 1x3100 1x3500 1x2600 1x4450 1x4800 1x3300 1x4300 1x6150 2x1200 2x1750 2x1800 2x1900 2x3100 2x3500 2x2600 2x4450 2x4800 2x3300 2x4300 2x6150 2x4300 2x 3300 3x1200 3x1750 3x1800 4x1200 4x1750 4x1800 1x1350 1x1350 1x3350 1x2900 1x5200 2x1350 2x1350 2x3350 2x2900 2x5200 1x1300 1x3200 1x5000 2x1300 2x3200 2x5000 1x1200 1x1800 1x2400 1x3200 1x4300 2x1200 2x1800 2x2400 2x3200

198264

154276

42130

QTi DALI-T/E 2x18-42 DIM QTi-T/E 2x18-42 DIM

198264

154276

42140

1) AC mains voltage 2) Lamp-dependent values 3) At 100 % luminous flux

Table 10: Operating parameters of ECG lamp combinations

84

9.5

Energy classifications In accordance with the CELMA classification scheme, the following classes to which the typical controllers belong are available: Class A1: Class A2: Class A3: Class B1: Class B2: Class C: Class D: Dimmable electronic control gear Electronic control gear with reduced losses Electronic control gear (ECGs) Magnetic control gear with very low losses Magnetic control gear with low losses Magnetic control gear with moderate losses Magnetic control gear with very high losses

Dimmable ECGs are classified as A1 if they meet the following requirements: At a light power setting of 100 %, the ECG meets at least the requirements according to A3 (OSRAM DIM ECG meet A2) At a light power setting of 25 %, the total power is the same or less than 50 % of the power at the 100 % light power setting The ECG must be capable of reducing the light power to 10 % or less of the maximum power

85

9.6

The DALI standard (IEC 62386) at a glance Each controller must fulfill Part 102. A controller can belong to a number of different device types (Part 100, 200, 300). Specific commands and features are defined and described in Parts 2xx.

Table 11: IEC 62386 at a glance

86

Index
A Activity Group DALI ...................................................................... 67 Added-value through intelligent features ....................................... 29 Additional OSRAM function .......................................................... 32 Asynchronism............................................................................... 36 Automatic cutouts ........................................................................ 80 Automatic lamp detection............................................................. 29 B Basic insulation ............................................................................ 11 Block diagram ................................................................................ 7 Burning-in instructions/Cable insulation ........................................ 11 C CFL MULTI lamp ECGs .................................................................64 Characteristics of the 110 V interface........................................ 26 Chip identification number ............................................................ 30 Cold spot ..................................................................................... 18 Color-phase diagram acc. to DIN 5033 ........................................ 56 Comparison between 1...10 V and DALI......................................... 9 Compensation methods ............................................................... 31 Compensation of interferences ..................................................... 32 Control line length ........................................................................ 48 Control via PC .............................................................................. 45 Cross section of the power cable ................................................. 20 D DALI dimming curve ..................................................................... 24 DALI installation & features ........................................................... 10 DALI topology .............................................................................. 19 Damping of the line ...................................................................... 33 Data coding.................................................................................. 25 Digital smoothing ....................................................................... 24 Dimmer setting and energy consumption system ......................... 63 Dimming of amalgam lamps ......................................................... 57 DIN VDE 0100/11.85, T 520......................................................... 12 Disconnection of the data line....................................................... 26 E ECG and control unit manufacturers ............................................. 67 Economy ........................................................................................ 4 EEPROM ...................................................................................... 30 EIB/LON ......................................................................................... 8 Emergency lighting control systems and applications ................... 37 EoL shutdown after Test 2 ............................................................ 30 External control with an analog output .......................................... 45

87

F Fade time and fade rate ............................................................... 81 Feedback control and relative luminous flux .................................. 55 Filament preheating ...................................................................... 11 Forming and basic stabilization ..................................................... 11 G Ground fault interrupter ................................................................ 14 Grounded metal plate or reflector ................................................. 14 Group assignment ........................................................................ 19 H Hot ends ...................................................................................... 15 I IEC 60929 .................................................................................... 28 IEC 61347 .................................................................................... 51 IEC 62386 .................................................................................... 86 Ignition of the lamp ....................................................................... 29 Increase in the light yield (lm/W) of hot luminaires ......................... 52 Increased luminous flux of cold amalgam lamps ........................... 59 Individual address......................................................................... 19 Inductions between the lamp current circuits of several ECGs ...... 16 Insulation displacement contact ................................................... 49 Insulation test ............................................................................... 12 integrated safety mechanism ........................................................ 30 Integrated scene memory ............................................................. 10 Intelligent power control ............................................................... 29 Interface circuit ............................................................................. 45 Interference effects ....................................................................... 16 L Lamp wiring ................................................................................. 81 Leakage current ........................................................................... 14 Lighting comfort ............................................................................. 5 Limited system size ...................................................................... 25 Linear relation of dimmer setting and energy consumption ........... 63 Logarithmically-dimensioned potentiometer.................................. 42 Low or high logic states .......................................................... 22 Luminaire function test ................................................................. 41 Luminous flux against control voltage ........................................... 28

88

M Mains cable and control line ......................................................... 16 Mains voltage failure ..................................................................... 37 Maximum capacitance between hot and cold ......................... 15 Maximum capacitance of a filament cable pair to ground ............. 15 Maximum system current ............................................................. 25 Monitoring module and OSRAM DALI ECG in emergency lighting management ............................................................................. 39 More light from new luminaires ..................................................... 61 N NYM cable for connecting DALI ECGs.......................................... 20 O Operating modes and operating combinations by button ............. 34 Operating parameters ............................................................ 32, 84 Operation at high ambient temperatures....................................... 29 Operation in a wide ambient temperature range through power reduction ................................................................................... 52 Optimized filament heating and lamp operation ............................ 29 Optimized lamp warm start .......................................................... 29 Optimized radio interference suppression ..................................... 30 Optional cable clamps .................................................................. 65 OSRAM DALI ECG and TouchDIM interface ................................. 30 OSRAM CFL ECGs ...................................................................... 65 OUTKIT ..................................................................................... 56 P Permanent Heat Mode (PHM) for lighting effects .......................... 29 Phase control mode ..................................................................... 27 Physical useful data rate ............................................................... 25 Plug contact ................................................................................. 49 Potential-free control input............................................................ 25 Power boost and amalgam lamps ................................................ 58 Power consumption of the DALI/DIM system ............................... 63 Power reduction by the ECG ........................................................ 29 Power On Level ............................................................................ 23 Protection class I luminaires ......................................................... 14 Protection of the electronics ......................................................... 29 R Range of lamps with an ECG........................................................ 64 Reading and printing of the unique OSRAM control unit address .. 41 Reduction of capacity leakage currents ........................................ 14 Reduction of the ECG type variety ................................................ 29 Reliability/Safety ............................................................................. 6

89

S Safe interference voltage gap ....................................................... 25 Safety instructions ........................................................................ 13 Simple integration of new components ......................................... 26 Simple system reconfiguration ...................................................... 26 Stable dimming operation also in amalgam lamps ........................ 29 Staircase operation ...................................................................... 43 Standard values for minimum ambient light temperatures ............. 52 Starting currents and max. number of ECGs in automatic cutouts ... 80 Status report from the ECG .......................................................... 10 Storage of light scenes ................................................................. 26 Switching status and dimming direction ....................................... 36 Synchronization of a TouchDIM system ........................................ 36 System Failure Level ..................................................................... 23 T Temperature-dependent cut-off ................................................. 29 Tender documents ....................................................................... 68 Testing and programming tool ...................................................... 40 TouchDIM operation ..................................................................... 33 Transmission cable ....................................................................... 20 Two-wire control line ..................................................................... 25 Typical cable cross sections of plug and insulation displacement contacts .................................................................................... 51 U Unrestricted DALI communication to the ECG .............................. 40 V Values of digital dimming value against percentage luminous flux ...24 Vibrations and noise emission ...................................................... 51 Voltage level on the DALI interface ................................................ 22 W Weber-Fechner law ...................................................................... 23 Wiring diagram for DALI controllers .............................................. 21 Wiring examples of dimmable ECGs............................................. 17

90

Global presence. OSRAM supplies customers in around 150 countries. 73 companies and sales offices for 111 countries 38 countries served by local agents or OSRAM GmbH, Munich

OSRAM associated companies and support centres. Albania Argentina Asia Pacic Hongkong Australia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Benelux Bosnia-Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Croatia Czechia Denmark Egypt Estonia Finland France Great Britain Greece Hungary India Indonesia Iran Italy Japan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea Latvia Lithuania Macedonia Malaysia Mexico Moldova Norway OSRAM Region Andina Pakistan Philippines Poland Portugal Rumania Russia Serbia-Montenegro Singapore Slovakia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates USA Vietnam

OSRAM GmbH
Head Ofce Hellabrunner Strasse 1 81543 MUNICH GERMANY Fon +49 (0)89-6213-0 Fax +49 (0)89-6213-20 20 www.osram.com

com

130T011GB OSRAM EC MK 06/09 PC-P

Subject to modification without notice. Errors and omissions excepted..

z Printed on paper treated with chlorine-free bleach.