European Organisation for Technical Approvals

Europäische Organisation für Technische Zulassungen

Organisation Européenne pour l’Agrément Technique

ETAG 015
Edition September 2002

GUIDELINE FOR EUROPEAN TECHNICAL APPROVAL OF

THREE-DIMENSIONAL NAILING PLATES

_____________________________________________

EOTA - Kunstlaan 40 Avenue des Arts

B - 1040 BRUSSELS
 Table of contents

Foreword
Background .................................................................................................... 5
Reference documents.................................................................................... 5
Updating conditions........................................................................................ 5

Section One: Introduction

1 Preliminaries.............................................................................................. 7
1.1 Legal basis .............................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Status of ETAG ..................................................................................... 7
2 Scope ......................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Scope ....................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Use categories, product families, kits and systems ......................................... 12
2.3 Assumptions....................................................................................... 12
3 Terminology............................................................................................. 13
3.1 Common terminology and abbreviations........................................................... 13
3.2 Terminology and abbreviations specific to this ETAG ..................................... 13

Section Two: Guidance for the assessment of the fitness

for use

General notes
(a) Applicability of the ETAG .................................................................................... 14
(b) General layout of this section ............................................................................ 14
(c) Levels or classes or minimum requirements .................................................... 14
(d) Working life (durability) and serviceability........................................................ 15
(e) Fitness for the intended use ............................................................................... 15

4 Requirements for works, and their relationship to the characteristics of the

three-dimensional nailing plates............................................................ 16

4.0 General .................................................................................................................. 16

4.1 Mechanical resistance and stability ................................................................... 17
4.1.1 Strength .................................................................................................. 18
4.1.2 Stiffness.................................................................................................. 18
4.1.3 Ductility in cyclic testing1………………………………………………….18
4.2 Safety in case of fire ............................................................................................. 18
4.2.1 Reaction to fire ………………………………………………………………18
4.2.2 Fire resistance …………………………………………………………….…18
4.3 Hygiene, health and the environment................................................................. 18
4.3.1 Release of dangerous substances....................................................... 19
4.4 Safety in use .......................................................................................................... 19
4.5 Protection against noise ...................................................................................... 20
4.6 Energy economy and heat retention................................................................... 20
4.7 Aspects of durability, serviceability and identification .................................... 20
4.7.1 Durability and serviceability ................................................................. 20
4.7.2 Identification of the product ................................................................. 21

5 Methods of verification ........................................................................... 22

5.0 General................................................................................................................... 22
5.1 Mechanical resistance and stability ........................................................ 23

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 5.1.0 General ..................................................................................................... 23
5.1.1 Calculation ............................................................................................... 24
5.1.2 Calculation assisted by testing.............................................................. 25
5.1.3 Testing...................................................................................................... 27
5.2 Safety in case of fire ............................................................................................. 31
5.3 Hygiene, health and the environment................................................................. 31
5.3.1 Release of dangerous substances ...................................................... 31
5.4 Safety in use .......................................................................................................... 32
5.5 Protection against noise ...................................................................................... 32
5.6 Energy economy and heat retention................................................................... 32
5.7 Aspects of durability serviceability and identification .................................... 32
5.7.1 Durability and serviceability................................................................... 32
5.7.2 Methods of identification ........................................................... 33

6 Assessing and judging of the fitness of products for an intended use 34

6.0 General................................................................................................................... 34
6.1 Mechanical resistance and stability.................................................................... 34
6.1.1 Strength.................................................................................................... 34
6.1.2 Stiffness ................................................................................................... 35
6.1.3 Ductility in cyclic testing…………………………………………………… 35
6.2 Safety in case of fire ............................................................................................. 35
6.3 Hygiene, health and the environment................................................................. 35
6.3.1 Release of dangerous substances....................................................... 35
6.4 Safety in use .......................................................................................................... 36
6.5 Protection against noise ...................................................................................... 36
6.6 Energy economy and heat retention................................................................... 36
6.7 Aspects of durability, serviceability and identification ................................... 36
6.7.1 Durability, corrosion and deterioration................................................. 36
6.7.2 Serviceability ........................................................................................... 36
6.7.3 Identification of the product ....................................................... 36

7 Assumptions and recommendations under which the fitness for use of the
three-dimensional nailing plates is assessed ...................................... 38
7.0 General................................................................................................................... 38
7.1 Design of the works.............................................................................................. 38
7.2 Packaging, transport and storage....................................................................... 38
7.3 Execution of works ............................................................................................... 38
7.4 Maintenance and repair........................................................................................ 38

Section Three: Attestation and Evaluation of Conformity

(AC)
8 Attestation and Evaluation of conformity ............................................. 39
8.1 EC Decision ........................................................................................................... 39
8.2 Responsibilities .................................................................................................... 39
8.2.1 Tasks for the manufacturer................................................................... 39
8.2.2 Tasks for the manufacturer or the Approved Body............................ 39
8.2.3 Tasks for the Approved Body............................................................... 39
8.3 Documentation...................................................................................................... 39
8.4 CE marking and information................................................................................ 39

Section Four: ETA content

9 The ETA content...................................................................................... 43
9.1 The ETA content ................................................................................................... 43
9.1.1 Model ETA............................................................................................... 43

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 9.1.2 Performance ........................................................................... 43
9.2 Additional information.......................................................................................... 44

Annex A Common terminology and abbreviations (definitions,

clarifications)
Annex B List of documents

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 FOREWORD

Background

This Guideline has been drawn up by the EOTA Working Group 06.03/01 (three-dimensional nailing
plates) in response to the Mandate awarded to EOTA (Construct 99/339, rev 1, dated 28.05.99).

The Working Group consisted of members from the following EU countries:

Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom.

The Guideline covers three-dimensional metal plate connections including timber-to-timber joist hangers,
but excluding punched metal plate timber fasteners in two dimensions in Mandate 112 for ‘Structural
timber products and ancillaries’ and joist hangers in Mandate 116 for ‘Masonry and related products’.

The Guideline defines relevant performance requirements, the verification methods used to examine the
various aspects of performance, the assessment criteria used to judge the performance for the intended
use and the presumed conditions for the design and execution of three-dimensional nailing plates in the
works.

The general assessment approach of the Guideline is based on relevant existing knowledge and testing
experience.

Where relevant, national technical specifications have been discussed and taken into account in
developing appropriate test and calculation methods for assessing the three-dimensional nailing plates.

Reference documents

Reference documents are referred to within the body of the ETAG and are subject to the specific
conditions mentioned therein.

The list of reference documents (mentioning the year of issue) for this ETAG is given in Annex B. When
additional parts for this ETAG are written afterwards, they may comprise modifications to the list of
reference documents applicable to that part.

Updating conditions

The edition of a reference document given in this list is that which has been adopted by EOTA for its
specific use.

When a new edition becomes available, this supersedes the edition mentioned in the list, only when EOTA
has verified or re-established (possibly with appropriate linkage) its compatibility with the Guideline.

EOTA Technical Reports go into detail in some aspects and as such are not part of the ETAG but
express the common understanding of existing knowledge and experience of the EOTA bodies at that
moment. When knowledge and experience is developing, especially through approval work, these reports
can be amended and supplemented.

EOTA Comprehension Documents permanently take on board all useful information on the general
understanding of this ETAG as developed when delivering ETAs in consensus by the EOTA members.
Readers and users of this ETAG are advised to check the current status of these documents with an
EOTA member.

EOTA may need to make alterations/corrections to the ETAG during its life. These changes will be
incorporated into the official version on the EOTA website www.eota.be and the actions catalogued and
dated in the associated Progress File.

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Readers and users of this ETAG are advised to check the current status of the content of this document
with that on the EOTA website. The front cover will indicate if and when amendment has taken place.

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 SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION
1 PRELIMINARIES

1.1 LEGAL BASIS

This ETAG has been established in compliance with the provisions of the Council Directive
89/106/EEC (CPD) and has been established taking into account the following steps:

— the final mandate issued by the EC: 28/05/1999

— the final mandate issued by the EFTA: 28/05/1999
— adoption of the Guideline by the Executive Commission of EOTA: 13/06/2002
— opinion of the Standing Committee on Construction: 10/09/02
— endorsement by the EC: 24/09/02

This document is published by the Member States in their official language or languages
according to Art. 11.3 of the CPD.

No existing ETAG is superseded.

1.2 STATUS OF ETAG

1.2.1 An ETA is one of the two types of technical specifications in the sense of
the 89/106/EEC Construction Products Directive. This means that Member States shall
presume that the approved three-dimensional nailing plates are fit for their intended use, ie
they enable works in which they are employed to satisfy the Essential Requirements during
an economically-reasonable working life, provided that:

— the works are properly designed and built

— the conformity of the products with the ETA has been properly attested.

1.2.2 This ETAG is a basis for ETAs, ie a basis for technical assessment of the fitness for use of
a three-dimensional nailing plate for an intended use. An ETAG is not in itself a technical
specification in the sense of the CPD.

This ETAG expresses the common understanding of the approval bodies, acting together
within EOTA, of the provisions of the Construction Products Directive 89/106/EEC and of the
Interpretative Documents in relation to the three-dimensional nailing plates and uses
concerned, and is written within the framework of a mandate given by the Commission and
the EFTA Secretariat, after consulting the Standing Committee on Construction.

1.2.3 When accepted by the European Commission after consultation with the Standing
Committee on Construction, this ETAG is binding for the issuing of ETAs for the three-
dimensional nailing plates for the defined intended uses.

The application and satisfaction of the provisions of an ETAG (examinations, tests and
evaluation methods) leads to an ETA and a presumption of fitness of a three-dimensional
nailing plate for the defined use only through an evaluation and approval process and
decision, followed by the corresponding attestation of conformity. This distinguishes an
ETAG from a harmonized European standard which is the direct basis for attestation of
conformity.

Where appropriate, three-dimensional nailing plates which are outside of the precise scope
of this ETAG may be considered through the approved procedure without Guidelines
according to Art. 9.2 of the CPD.

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The requirements in this ETAG are set out in terms of objectives and of relevant actions to
be taken into account. It specifies values and characteristics, the conformity with which gives
the presumption that the requirements set out are satisfied wherever the state of the art
permits and after having been confirmed as appropriate for the particular product by the ETA.

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2 SCOPE

2.1 SCOPE

This Guideline covers preformed three-dimensional metal nailing plates with specified
fasteners for connections in loadbearing timber structures and for fixing timber structures or
wood-based structural members to their support.

The specified fasteners include nails, screws, bolts and dowels.

Examples of three-dimensional nailing plates are given in Figure 1 and possible

configurations are given in Figure 2. For other types not represented by these examples, to
ensure a consistent approach to the assessment, the consensus procedure described in
clause 2.3 shall be followed.

The ETAG does not cover:

— products covered by Mandate M112 to CEN for ‘Structural timber products and
ancillaries’.

— joist hangers covered by Mandate M116 to CEN for ‘Masonry and related products’ (as
‘ancillary components’).

— use of three-dimensional nailing plates in pile foundations. Such use is defined in the
Mandate addressed to EOTA, but there is no history of use of these products for this
purpose.

— products not covered by EC Decision 96/603/EC, amended by EC Decision

2000/605/EC (reaction to fire class A1 without testing).

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Figure 1 Examples of three-dimensional nailing plates

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 Fy
β
β Fx
α
α
Fz
Fy

Fx
β
Fz
α

Arrangement and loading of timber members with

end-grain to side-grain Arrangement and loading of timber members with
side-grain to side-grain

α = 0°
Fx

Fy α

Fz

Arrangement and loading of timber members with end-grain to end-grain

Figure 2 Possible configurations of timber members

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2.2 USE CATEGORIES, PRODUCT FAMILIES, KITS AND SYSTEMS

The ETAs issued may cover either of the following:

The three-dimensional nailing plate and the fasteners. The fasteners may be
produced by subcontractors. Both the three-dimensional nailing plates and the
fasteners are marketed and supplied by the ETA holder who takes full
responsibility for the products.

or

The three-dimensional nailing plate only, but giving a specification for the
fasteners by trade name, performance criteria, dimensional criteria or reference
to a standard.

2.3 ASSUMPTIONS

The state of the art does not enable the development, within a reasonable time, of full and
detailed verification methods and corresponding technical criteria/guidance for acceptance
for some particular aspects or products. This ETAG contains assumptions taking into account
the state of the art and makes provisions for appropriate, additional case-by-case
approaches when examining ETA applications, within the general framework of the ETAG
and under the CPD consensus procedure between EOTA members.

The guidance remains valid for other cases which do not deviate significantly. The general
approach of the ETAG remains valid but the provisions then need to be used case by case in
an appropriate way. This use of the ETAG is the responsibility of the ETA body which
receives the special application, and subject to consensus within EOTA. Experience in this
respect is collected, after endorsement in EOTA-TB, in the ETAG-Format-Comprehension
document.

The main assumptions made in this ETAG are that the design of the structural connection is
in accordance with the relevant recommendations of Eurocode 5, or an appropriate structural
timber design code, particularly in relation to the duration of load, the effects of reversal of
load from long- and medium-term actions and alternating between tension and compression
actions in the members.

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3 TERMINOLOGY

3.1 COMMON TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS

See Annex A.

3.2 TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS SPECIFIC TO THIS ETAG

3.2.1 Unless otherwise stated the terminology used in Eurocode 5 applies.

3.2.2 The modified characteristic load-carrying capacity Xk,mod is the 5% fractile in the distribution
of the load-carrying capacity for the stated relevant load duration and service class. It is
equal to kmodXk as given in Eurocode 5.

3.2.3 Wane — Original rounded sapwood surface of a log, without bark, on any face or edge of
sawn timber.

3.2.4 Square-edged timber — Sawn timber of rectangular cross section, with wane, if permitted,
not exceeding a specified amount.

3.2.5 Connection — joint

Note: The Mandate and Eurocode 5 make reference to ‘joints’, accordingly this Guideline
uses ‘joints’ rather than the equivalent term ‘connections’.

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 SECTION TWO: GUIDANCE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE
FITNESS FOR USE
General notes

(a) APPLICABILITY OF THE ETAG

This ETAG provides guidance on the assessment of a family of three-dimensional nailing plates and their
intended uses. It is the manufacturer or producer who defines the three-dimensional nailing plates for
which he is seeking an ETA and how it is to be used in the works, and consequently the scale of the
assessment.

Therefore, it is possible that for some three-dimensional nailing plates, which are fairly conventional, only
some of the tests and corresponding criteria are sufficient to establish fitness for use. In other cases, eg
special or innovative three-dimensional nailing plates or materials, or where there is a range of uses, the
whole package of tests and assessment may be applicable.

(b) GENERAL LAYOUT OF THIS SECTION

The assessment of the fitness of three-dimensional nailing plates with regard to their fitness for intended
use in construction works is a process with three main steps:

– Chapter 4 clarifies the specific requirements for the works relevant to the three-dimensional
nailing plates and uses concerned, beginning with the Essential Requirements for works (CPD Art.
11.2) and then listing the corresponding relevant characteristics of three-dimensional nailing plates.

– Chapter 5 extends the list in Chapter 4 into more precise definitions and the methods available to
verify product characteristics and to indicate how the requirements and the relevant product
characteristics are described. This is done by test procedures, methods of calculation and of proof,
etc.

– Chapter 6 provides guidance on the assessing and judging methods to confirm fitness for the
intended use of the three-dimensional nailing plates.

– Chapter 7 assumptions and recommendations are only relevant in as far as they concern the
basis upon which the assessment of the three-dimensional nailing plates is made concerning their
fitness for the intended use.

(c) LEVELS OR CLASSES OR MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS, RELATED TO THE ESSENTIAL

REQUIREMENTS AND TO THE PRODUCT PERFORMANCE (see ID Clause 1.2 and EC
Guidance Paper E).

According to the CPD, ‘Classes’ in this ETAG refer only to mandatory levels or classes laid down in the
EC-mandate.

This ETAG indicates, however, the compulsory way of expressing relevant performance characteristics for
the three-dimensional nailing plates.

If, for some uses, at least one Member state has no regulations, a manufacturer always has the right to opt
out of one or more of them, in which case the ETA will state ‘no performance determined’ against that
aspect, except for those properties for which, when no determination has been made, the three-
dimensional nailing plates no longer fall under the scope of the ETAG; such cases shall be indicated in the
ETAG.

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(d) WORKING LIFE (DURABILITY) AND SERVICEABILITY

The provisions, test and assessment methods in this Guideline or referred to, have been written, based
upon the assumed intended working life of the three-dimensional nailing plate for the intended use of 50
years, provided that the three-dimensional nailing plate is subject to appropriate use and maintenance (cf.
ch 7). These provisions are based upon the current state of the art and the available knowledge and
experience.

An ‘assumed intended working life’ means that it is expected that, when an assessment following the
ETAG-provisions is made, and when this working life has elapsed, the real working life may be, in normal
use conditions, considerably longer without major degradation affecting the essential requirements.

The indications given as to the working life of a three-dimensional nailing plate cannot be interpreted as a
guarantee given by the producer or the approval body. They should only be regarded as a means for the
specifiers to choose the appropriate criteria for three-dimensional nailing plates in relation to the expected,
economically reasonable working life of the works (based upon ID, par 5.2.2).

(e) FITNESS FOR THE INTENDED USE

According to the CPD it has to be understood that within the terms of this ETAG, products shall ‘have such
characteristics that the works in which they are to be incorporated, assembled, applied or installed, can, if
properly designed and built, satisfy the Essential Requirements’ (CPD, Art. 2.1).

Hence, the three-dimensional nailing plates must be suitable for use in construction works which (as a
whole and in their separate parts) are fit for their intended use, account being taken of economy, and in
order to satisfy the essential requirements. Such requirements must, subject to normal maintenance, be
satisfied for an economically reasonable working life. The requirements generally concern actions which
are foreseeable (CPD, Annex I, preamble).

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4 REQUIREMENTS FOR WORKS, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL NAILING PLATES

4.0 GENERAL

This chapter sets out the aspects of performance to be examined to satisfy the relevant
Essential Requirements, by:

– expressing in more detail, within the scope of the ETAG, the Relevant Essential
Requirements of the CPD in the Interpretative Documents and in the mandate, for works
or parts of the works, taking into account the actions to be considered, as well as the
expected durability and serviceability of the works.

– applying them to the scope of the ETAG (three-dimensional nailing plates and where
appropriate their constituents, components and intended uses), and providing a list of
relevant three-dimensional nailing plates characteristics and other applicable properties.

When a product characteristic or other applicable property is specific to one of the Essential
Requirements, it is dealt with in the appropriate place. If, however, the characteristic or
property is relevant to more than one Essential Requirement, it is addressed under the most
important one with cross-reference to the other(s). This is especially important where a
manufacturer claims ‘No performance determined’ for a characteristic or property under one
Essential Requirement and it is critical for the assessing and judging under another Essential
Requirement. Similarly, characteristics or properties which have a bearing on durability
assessments may be dealt with under ER 1 to ER 6, with reference under 4.7. Where there is
a characteristic which only relates to durability, this is dealt with in 4.7.

This chapter also takes into account further requirements, if any (eg resulting from other EC
Directives) and identifies aspects of serviceability including specifying characteristics needed
to identify the three-dimensional nailing plates (cf. ETA-format, par II.2).

The relevant Essential Requirements, the relevant paragraphs of the corresponding IDs and
the related requirements to product performance are indicated in Table 4.1.

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 Table 4.1

ER Corresponding ID paragraph Corresponding ID Product characteristics ETAG paragraph on product

for works paragraph for product from the Mandate performance
performance

1 4.2 4.3.1 Mechanical resistance 4.1 Mechanical resistance

Provisions concerning works Related (eg strength, stiffness …, and stability
or part of them characteristics as relevant)

4.3.2
Performances of
products (see
Appendix – Table 2
Timber products for
structural use)

4.2.3.3.1 Limitation of the

2 generation of fire and smoke 4.3.1.1 4.2 Safety in case of fire:
within the room Products subject to 4.2.1 reaction to fire
reaction to fire 4.2.2 resistance to fire
requirements
Release of dangerous 4.3 Hygiene, health and the
(1)
3 3.3.1.1 3.3.1.1.3.2a substances environment
Indoor environment – Building materials
Air quality

4.4 Safety in use

4 NOT RELEVANT
4.5 Protection against noise
5 NOT RELEVANT
4.6 Energy economy and
6 NOT RELEVANT heat retention

(2) 4.7 Aspects of durability,

Durability against serviceability and
corrosion, as relevant identification

(1) In particular, those dangerous substances defined in Council Directive 76/769/EEC as amended.
(2) Aspects of durability, serviceability and identification.

4.1 MECHANICAL RESISTANCE AND STABILITY

The Essential Requirement laid down in the Council Directive 89/106/EEC is:

The Construction Works must be designed and built in such a way that the loadings that are
liable to act on it during its construction and use will not lead to any of the following:

— collapse of the whole or part of the work

— major deformations to an inadmissible degree

— damage to other parts of the works or to fittings or installed equipment as a result of major
deformation of the loadbearing construction

— damage by an event to an extent disproportionate to the original cause

The following aspects of performance are relevant to this Essential Requirement for three-
dimensional nailing plates:

Actions are imposed on a structure during its life, for example, arising from the action of wind,
snow, thermal expansion, moisture induced deformation, self weight of structure, etc. Hence
the strength and stiffness of the product shall be considered in relation to permanent, variable
and accidental actions.

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 The range of values for actions and other influences that need to be considered shall be in
accordance with laws, regulations and administrative provisions, applicable for the location
when the product is incorporated in the works.

4.1.1 Strength

The strength of the product shall be sufficient to withstand the actions acting on the joint.
Consideration shall be given to duration of load and service class.

The following actions may apply:

tension
shear
compression
bending
torsion
translation between members
rotation between members
or a combination of these actions.

4.1.2 Stiffness

The stiffness of the product shall be sufficient to keep the major deformations to an admissible
degree and not cause damage to the works and other constructions. Consideration shall be
given to duration of load and service class.

4.1.3 Ductility in cyclic testing

In seismic zones where dissipative structural behaviour is assumed in design, the joints shall
have an appropriate ductility in cyclic testing.

4.2 SAFETY IN CASE OF FIRE

The Essential Requirement laid down in the Council Directive 89/106/EEC is:

The construction works must be designed and built in such a way that in the event of an
outbreak of fire:

— the loadbearing capacity of the construction can be assumed for a specific period of time

— the generation and spread of fire and smoke within the works are limited

— the spread of fire to neighbouring construction works is limited

— occupants can leave the works or be rescued by other means

— the safety of rescue teams is taken into consideration.

The following aspects of performance are relevant to this Essential Requirement for three-
dimensional nailing plates:

4.2.1 Reaction to fire

The requirements for reaction to fire for three-dimensional nailing plates must be in accordance
with laws, regulations and administrative provisions, applicable to these products in their intended
end use application.

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 4.2.2 Fire resistance

Performance in relation to fire resistance would be determined for the complete structural element
with any associated finishes, therefore there are no aspects of performance relevant to this aspect
of this Essential Requirement for three-dimensional nailing plates.

4.3 HYGIENE, HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT

The Essential Requirement laid down in the Council Directive 89/106/EEC is:

The construction work must be designed and built in such a way that it will not be a threat to
the hygiene or health of the occupants or neighbours, in particular as a result of any of the
following:

— the giving-off of toxic gas

— the presence of dangerous particles or gases in the air

— the emission of dangerous radiation

— pollution or poisoning of the water or soil

— faulty elimination of waste water, smoke, solid or liquid wastes

— the presence of damp in parts of the works or on surfaces within the works.

The following aspects of performance are relevant to this Essential Requirement for three-
dimensional nailing plates.

4.3.1 Release of dangerous substances

The three-dimensional nailing plate must be such that, when installed according to the
appropriate provisions of the Member States, it allows for the satisfaction of the ER3 of the
CPD as expressed by the national provisions of the Member States and in particular does not
cause harmful emission of toxic gases, dangerous particles or radiation to the indoor
environment nor contamination of the outdoor environment (air, soil and water).

4.4 SAFETY IN USE

The Essential Requirement laid down in the Council Directive 89/106/EEC is:

The construction work must be designed and built in such a way that it does not present
unacceptable risks of accidents in service or in operation such as slipping, falling, collision,
burns, electrocution, injury from explosion.

There are no aspects of performance relevant to this Essential Requirement for three-
dimensional nailing plates.

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4.5 PROTECTION AGAINST NOISE

The Essential Requirement laid down in the Council Directive 89/106/EEC is:

The construction works must be designed and built in such a way that noise perceived by the
occupants or people nearby is kept down to a level that will not threaten their health and will
allow them to sleep, rest and work in satisfactory conditions.

There are no aspects of performance relevant to this Essential Requirement for three-
dimensional nailing plates.

4.6 ENERGY ECONOMY AND HEAT RETENTION

The Essential Requirement laid down in the Council Directive 89/106/EEC is:

The construction works and its heating, cooling and ventilation installations must be designed
and built in such a way that the amount of energy required in use shall be low, having regard
to the climatic conditions of the location and occupants.

There are no aspects of performance relevant to this Essential Requirement for three-
dimensional nailing plates.

4.7 ASPECTS OF DURABILITY, SERVICEABILITY AND IDENTIFICATION

4.7.1 Durability and serviceability

4.7.1.1 Resistance to corrosion and deterioration

The requirements considered in the following paragraphs are related to the Essential
Requirements, but not to any one requirement in particular. As a consequence, failure to meet
these requirements means that one, or more than one, of the Essential Requirements may no
longer be met.

Three-dimensional nailing plates, and components and their possible finishes shall be
resistant to deterioration caused by physical or chemical agents to prevent reduction of
mechanical properties during their intended life.

An assessment will be made of the risks of deterioration arising from any proposed
preservative treatment for the timbers used with the product, or with any corrosive timber
species proposed for use.

The three-dimensional nailing plates and all associated ancillary components, shall not be
adversely affected by deterioration, distortion, deformation due to:

Physical agents

Variations in temperature/humidity
Differences in temperature and/or relative humidity.

Chemical agents

Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen (possible corrosion) and other normal chemical hazards likely
to come into contact. Loss of function arises from corrosion from weather and industrial, urban
or marine environments or a combination of these.

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4.7.1.2 Dimensional stability

The effects of changes in moisture content and the consequent dimensional changes on the
structural elements being joined, due to varying moisture content, shall be evaluated by the
determination of the strength and stiffness of the joints.

4.7.2 Identification of the product

The products shall be precisely defined by reference to physical characteristics, such as:

material
strength properties
surface treatment
dimensions.

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5 METHODS OF VERIFICATION

5.0 GENERAL

This chapter refers to the verification methods used to determine the various aspects of
performance of the products in relation to the requirements for the works (calculations, tests,
engineering knowledge, site experience, etc) as set out in Chapter 4.

When Eurocodes are quoted in this ETAG as the methods for the verification of certain
product characteristics, their application in this ETAG, as well as in the subsequent ETAs
issued according to this ETAG, shall be in accordance with the principles laid down in the EC
Guidance Paper on the use of Eurocodes in harmonised European technical specifications.

The relevant Essential Requirements, the related requirements to product performances (as
given in Chapter 4), the corresponding product characteristics to be assessed and the
corresponding verification methods are indicated in Table 5.1.

Not all the requirements in the following section will be relevant to every product. A ‘No
performance determined’ option is possible in some cases and it will be for the manufacturer
to decide, taking account of their intended market and which options they wish to have
assessed.

It is possible to use existing data from recognised laboratories with expertise in testing of
timber structures and having an adequate quality system, which includes the calibration of
testing equipment. The possibility exists to use existing data in accordance with the EOTA
Guidance Document No 004 on ‘The provision of data for assessment leading to ETA’. It is
the responsibility of the EOTA Technical Board to ensure that the intentions of the tests
mentioned in this chapter are fulfilled.

Based on existing data and/or the claimed performance of the three-dimensional nailing plate
by the manufacturer, the approval body may decide that not all investigations mentioned in
this chapter are necessary and the Approval Body has the discretion to develop a suitable
programme for the assessment of three-dimensional nailing plate taking account of the
intended use and the claimed performance.

ETAG 015
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Table 5.1

ER Corresponding ID Product characteristics ETAG

paragraph for product paragraph on verification
performance method

1 4.3.1 Joint strength 5.1 Mechanical resistance and

Related characteristics Joint stiffness stability
Joint ductility in cyclic testing
4.3.2
Performances of
products (see Appendix
– Table 2
Timber products for
structural use)

2 4.3.1.1 Products subject Reaction to fire 5.2 Safety in case of fire

to reaction to fire
requirements

3 3.3.1.1.3.2a Dangerous substances 5.3.1 Release of dangerous

Building materials substances

4 NOT RELEVANT

5 NOT RELEVANT

6 NOT RELEVANT
(1)
Durability against corrosion 5.7 Aspects of durability,
serviceability and maintenance

(1) Aspects of durability, serviceability and identification

5.1 MECHANICAL RESISTANCE AND STABILITY

5.1.0 General

Three-dimensional nailing plate joints may be designed to resist forces with specified positions
and/or moments in several directions or a combination of these.

The mechanical resistance and stability of three-dimensional nailing plates can be verified
using:

• Calculation
• Calculation assisted by testing
• Testing.

The force and moment capacity shall be determined for deformations of the timber members
similar to those of the structures in which they are intended for use.

The manufacturers shall specify either the strength class according to EN 338 : 1995 or the
species, grade and surface finish of the timber or structural timber composite.

The possible existence of wane shall be considered. If wane is allowed, the maximum extent
of wane allowed in the specification shall be used in the calculations or testing.

The support and restraint conditions shall be those specified by the manufacturer.

The support and restraint conditions for the members are critical to the performance and
hence the characteristic loads of the three-dimensional nailing plate, and shall reflect the
declared intended use.

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 The manufacturer shall specify any assumptions regarding preparation of timber members, eg
pre-drilled holes, tolerance on hole diameter and any special installation/ maintenance
provisions, eg retightening of bolts.

The mechanical resistance and stability shall be determined taking into consideration the gaps
between the timber members that can occur in practice. For side grain to side grain
connections it can normally be assumed that the timber members are brought close together
without any gap. For end-grain and for end-grain to side-grain connections the maximum
permitted size of the gap shall be considered and, in no case, shall be smaller than 3 mm
between mating faces (timber-timber or timber-three-dimensional nailing plate). To avoid the
possibility of failure by a zipper effect, failure of the fasteners should not take place by head
tear-off.

In seismic zones, a dissipative structural behaviour may be assumed if an appropriate low

cycle fatigue behaviour of the joints is verified by cyclic testing according with
EN 12512 : 2001, as required by prEN 1998-1:2001.

5.1.1 Calculation

5.1.1.1 General

Calculations can be used as documentation if the three-dimensional nail plate is of a ductile

material and if either of the following conditions is fulfilled:

— The static behaviour of the joint is ductile and if the components of the joint have a
ductile force-deformation behaviour.

— If the static behaviour of the mechanical fasteners (nails or screws) is brittle, eg pull out,
then the force distribution over these shall be determined statically or based on a
conservative assumption.

Note: Three-dimensional nailing plates of steel in accordance with EN 10088-2, : 1995

-2
EN 10142 : 2000, or EN 10147 : 2000, with a 0.2% proof strength ≤ 350 Nmm may be
regarded as ductile.

The calculations shall be carried out in accordance with Eurocodes 3 and 5.

The calculations shall be based on the characteristic material properties for the appropriate
load duration and service class, calculated in accordance with Eurocode 5 using the factor
kmod.

Where relevant, the deformations of the connection shall be calculated as described in

Eurocode 5 and in accordance with load levels given in EN 26891 : 1991.

The values of the instantaneous slip modulus Kser given in Eurocode 5 may be used in the
calculations.

Examples of methods which may be used for calculations are given in EOTA Technical Report
‘Principles for the static calculation of connections made with three-dimensional nailing plates,
with examples’. A worked example is given in EOTA Technical Report ‘Worked example
calculation of characteristic load-carrying capacities of 90° angle bracket with a rib’.

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5.1.1.2 Properties of materials and components

The properties of the materials and the components of the three-dimensional nailing plate
joints shall be specified preferably by reference to the relevant ENs.

For the steel parts, the specified yield stresses and the ultimate stresses shall be documented.

If the static model provides for withdrawal of the nails or screws from the wood, tensile failure
in the steel cross-section shall be excluded (head tear-off or tear-off in the area of thread). It
shall be documented by testing (see clause 5.1.3.1.4) that this requirement is satisfied.

For the nails, screws, dowels or bolts subjected to lateral load or to axial load the load-carrying
capacities and the stiffnesses shall be determined either from Eurocode 5 or from tests (see
clause 5.1.3.1.3).

5.1.1.3 Static models

5.1.1.3.1 The calculation of the nailing plate joints shall take into account the internal forces and the
deformations of the timber members, which come from the global analysis of the structure.
The deformation of the connected timber members and the components in the three-
dimensional nailing plate connection shall be assumed compatible with those from the global
analysis of the structure.

The analysis of a three-dimensional nailing plate joint shall take into account the static
behaviour of all elements, which constitute the joint.

5.1.1.3.2 Equilibrium shall be fulfilled in any part of the joint. If used, the finite element analysis shall
comprise the three-dimensional nailing plate, the fasteners, the connected members and the
supports, if any. All eccentricities shall be considered.

5.1.1.3.3 It shall be documented that the internal forces in the three-dimensional nailing plate joints are
less than the capacities.

5.1.1.3.4 The limited deformation capacity of the components in the three-dimensional nailing plate
joints shall be considered.

For threaded nails and screws subjected to a lateral force and having a penetration depth
l > 9d, where d is the diameter of the nail or screw as defined in Eurocode 5, an elastic-plastic
behaviour may be assumed.

For threaded nails and screws subjected to an axial force a brittle failure shall be assumed.

Note: Axial loaded nails or screws with even a small difference in the axial deformation, should
be assumed to have different axial force.

5.1.2 Calculation assisted by testing

5.1.2.1 General

5.1.1 applies.

Calculation assisted by testing comprises:

• verification of the static model

• determination of properties of the component by test as input data for the static model, eg
the yielding moment of an embossed nailing plate section
• or combination of the above.

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5.1.2.2 Scope of testing and calculations

5.1.2.2.1 The scope of the testing is to verify or calibrate a theoretical static model of the three-
dimensional nailing plate joints or to derive properties where calculation is not practical or
possible for particular properties.

The model shall reflect the actual static behaviour.

It can be assumed that the verification has been carried out if the theoretical static model —
possibly with some efficiency factors — can describe the static behaviour of the three-
dimensional nailing plate joints.

A static model for the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the joint can only be assumed to be
verified, if the model for the load-carrying capacities of the connection components can predict
the load carrying capacity of the joint.

5.1.2.2.2 The static model shall be verified for the type of forces in the joint and for the range of their
position.

Note: The model should be verified for the range of eccentricities to be used in the
calculations.

The verification shall make special consideration to the case of axial loaded nails or screws.
From the verification tests it shall be possible to establish either the effective number of nails
or screws or the effectiveness of the nails or screws.

5.1.2.2.3 For three-dimensional nailing plates with special cross-sections or varying cross-sections, eg
pressed or deformed cross-sections, the bending capacity of the three-dimensional nailing
plate cross-sections can be determined by testing (see 5.1.2.3.4).

5.1.2.3 Testing of properties

5.1.2.3.1 The requirements of section 5.1.3 apply.

5.1.2.3.2 Tests to determine the moisture content and density of the timber shall be carried out in
accordance with the relevant test standards referenced in Eurocode 5 or in its supporting
standards.

5.1.2.3.3 Tests to determine the relevant properties related to the steel components shall be carried out
in accordance with the relevant test standards referenced in Eurocode 3 or in its supporting
standards.

5.1.2.3.4 Testing of the bending capacity of three-dimensional nailing plates with special cross-section
shall be carried out in a way that the bending of the three-dimensional nailing plate
corresponds to the actual moment distribution of the three-dimensional nailing plate in the
connection.

Note: The three-dimensional nailing plate may be clamped by bolts in the nail holes, and
subjected to the force causing bending by a tension rod through a hole in the three-
dimensional nailing plate, as shown in Figure 3.

By applying the force in the downward or upward direction, a bending moment can be applied
to the three-dimensional nailing plate with tension or compression stresses in the deformed
part of the cross-section as would occur in the actual connection.

By applying the force with one or a few eccentricities, a curve of the bending capacity of the
flange of the three-dimensional nail plate can be determined. The plot of the bending capacity
will consist of several straight lines determined from the tests with different eccentricity.

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 Clamping bolts

Angle bracket

Tension rod

Figure 3 Example of test assembly

5.1.3 Testing

5.1.3.0 General

Testing for joint strength and stiffness shall be in accordance with EN 26891 : 1991 and
testing for joint ductility in cyclic conditions shall be in accordance with EN 12512 : 2001.

The tests shall simulate the behaviour of the joint under practical conditions, and the loading,
support and constraint conditions used in the test shall model those that apply in practice. As
EN 26891 : 1991 is a general document, and due to the large variation in product type
covered in this Guideline, it is not possible to set rules for each type. The general principles,
which shall be adopted for the tests, are given below. Examples are given in EOTA Technical
Report Method of Testing Three-Dimensional Nailing Plates, with examples. Further examples
will be added as the need arises. These recommendations are based on the work of RILEM
TC169-MTE who are continuing to develop test methods for three-dimensional nailing plates.

(1) Determine cross-sections of primary and secondary members according to intended

purpose and function and use these members in full scale during the tests.

(2) Choose the test configuration to avoid failure due to effects outside the scope, eg failure
due to tension perpendicular to the grain in the timber, bending failure of the secondary
member, bearing failure at the loading points should not be present.

(3) Choose the test configuration of the secondary member such that the deformation of the
connection in the test zone reflects the intended use.

(4) Avoid undue influence arising from the method of load application and member support
which defies the intended purpose and function, eg loading should only be applied in the
connected area if this covers the intended use.

(5) Make sure that the load transmission principles within the arrangement are
determinable, eg by using additional load cells to determine the exact load transferred
by the connection; if relevant, the weight of the test equipment should be taken into
account in the recorded data.

(6) Measure the relative displacements between the members and take into consideration
that undesirable influences are avoided by fixing the transducers at points away from
the expected failure zone; place the transducers on either side of the specimen and
average the results to take into account any distortion of the members.

(7) Take into account that practical tolerances in the fit between the connected members
can influence the load-carrying capacity of the connection, eg by arranging appropriate
gaps between the members.

(8) Assemble the test pieces with the timber at an equilibrium moisture content
corresponding to (20 ±2)˚C and (85 ±5) % relative humidity, condition the assembly to
(20 ± 2)°C and (65 ± 5)% relative humidity until just before testing, and measure the

ETAG 015
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 moisture content at the time of testing (other conditions should only be used if in line
with the intended use of the connection).

(9) When drying, shrinkage can significantly influence the load-carrying capacity or stiffness
of the connection, therefore, special consideration shall be given to conditioning at
fabrication and test.

(10) Determine and record the relevant specifications of the materials, eg the quality or
grade of the timber, the specifications and dimensions of the metalwork and other
fasteners, and mention in the test report that the test results do not necessarily apply to
other types of metalwork or timber.

(11) A comprehensive record of load-deformation behaviour should be made for each

variable of interest.

5.1.3.1 Materials and properties

The extent of testing depends on the type of documentation of load-bearing capacities:

• For calculations, the load-bearing capacities of the ancillary components are needed
• For calculation assisted by testing the capacities of the components of the joint are
needed to verify the static model.
• For modification of the test results of the particular joint capacities the load-carrying
capacities of the ancillary components and the strength properties of the three-
dimensional nailing plate are needed.

5.1.3.1.1 Timber and wood-based materials

The timber shall be selected in accordance with either of the methods given in EN 28970 :
1991. The characteristic densities for species being taken from EN 338 : 1995.

Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer the tests shall be carried out using European
Whitewood (Picea abies).

Wood-based materials should be selected in a similar way, as for timber.

For a group of similar test pieces, separate planks shall be used for each test piece.

The members should be free from major defects in the area of the three-dimensional nailing
plates. However, where wane is allowed, the test should be conducted with the maximum
extent of wane (artificially produced by cutting if necessary) allowed by the specification, as
described in clause 5.1.0.

The moisture content and density of the timber shall be determined as specified in ISO 3130 :
1975 and ISO 3131 : 1975, as appropriate.

5.1.3.1.2 Three-dimensional nailing plates

The relevant characteristic properties (eg ultimate tensile strength, yield stress elongation) of
the metal used to manufacture the three-dimensional nailing plates, taken from the coil or strip
used in manufacture shall be determined using standard test procedures (eg EN 10002-1 :
1990). These data are required to establish the extent to which the properties of the metal
used in the fabrication of the samples for test differ from the minimum properties specified.

The test samples shall be representative of production and shall be drawn at random. Pre-
production samples may be used where it is possible to demonstrate that the characteristics of
performance are representative of products from the full production process.

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 Most three-dimensional nailing plates are produced in a range of sizes, the sizes of three-
dimensional nailing plates to be used in the various tests should be selected in such a way
that the strength and stiffness of the complete range may be obtained by interpolation
provided the failure mechanism is the same.

5.1.3.1.3 Associated ancillary components

For the nails or the screws subjected to lateral load or to axial load, the load-carrying
capacities and the stiffnesses shall be determined from the tests described in EN 1380 : 1999,
EN 1382 : 1999, EN 1383 : 1999 and EN 26891. The tests shall be conducted with relevant
timber species with characteristic density according to EN 28970 : 1991.

The ancillary components used in the tests shall be representative of production and shall be
drawn at random.

5.1.3.1.4 Tensile capacity of nails or screws

The tensile capacity of the nail or screw (head tear-off or tear-off in the area of thread) shall be
determined in conformity with Figure 4 of EN 1383 : 1999. Instead of the timber or wood-
based panel, a steel panel shall be used supplied with a pre-drilled hole for the nail or screw.
The diameter of the drill hole in the steel plate shall exceed the external diameter d1 of the
profiled part of the shaft of the nail, or the threaded part of the screw, by approximately
0.1 mm. The area of transition from profiled/threaded part to smooth part of shaft shall be
located within the free length of testing and shall have a clear distance from the jaws of the
testing equipment of at least 3 • d1.

The rate of loading shall be chosen so that failure load (ultimate load) is reached within 10 s ±
5 s.

From the test results, the characteristic tensile capacity of the nail or screw shall be calculated
in accordance with the principles of Eurocode 5.

Note: Test methods for connections made with nails and screws are specified in EN 1380 :
1999, EN 1382 : 1999 and EN 1383 : 1999. The tensile capacity (head tear-off and tear-off in
the area of thread) of nails and screws is not covered by these standards.

5.1.3.1.5 The nails, screws, bolts and dowels shall be in accordance with the draft harmonised standard
prEN 14592 Timber Structures - Fasteners — Requirements.

5.1.3.1.6 Where the ancillary component is already CE marked and tested in accordance with the test
methods mentioned in clause 5.1.3.1.3 it is not necessary to repeat the tests. However,
assessment still has to be carried out according to Chapter 6 of this Guideline to ensure that
the ancillary component is fit for the intended use. Where the ancillary component is not CE
marked the tests in Chapter 5 shall be carried out.

5.1.3.2 Test methods for joints

5.1.3.2.1 General

Generally, three-dimensional nailing plates are available in a range of sizes; some can also be
used with a range of timber sizes and a range of fasteners/fastener sizes. In producing a test
specification, consideration should be given to the three-dimensional nailing plate sizes, the
fasteners and timber member combinations. For specified fasteners testing the largest and
smallest three-dimensional nailing plates and only one or more of the intermediate sizes may
be appropriate. Interpolation for intermediate sizes may be used to determine three-
dimensional nailing plate load capacity, where other physical properties remain the same (eg
material specifications, materials irregularities and material section properties). To confirm the
assumed interpolation formula, tests may be necessary. To achieve test results that reflect the

ETAG 015
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 load capacity of the three-dimensional nailing plate and not the timber strength, selecting the
largest timber size for a range of three-dimensional nailing plate sizes may be appropriate.

The minimum number of specimens to determine the following values is:

Mean value : three specimens
Characteristic value: five specimens

The support and restraint conditions shall be those specified by the manufacturer.

5.1.3.2.2 Conditioning

Before the test pieces are assembled the timber shall be conditioned to an equilibrium
moisture content corresponding to 20 ±2°C and 85 ±5% relative humidity and after assembly
the test pieces shall be conditioned for at least one week at 20 ±2°C and 65 ±5% relative
humidity in accordance with ISO 554 : 1976. The timber material is conditioned when it attains
constant mass. Constant mass is considered to be attained when the results of two
successive weighings, carried out at an interval of six hours, do not differ by more than 0.1%
of the mass of the timber material. For certain investigations other moisture conditioning may
be appropriate, and shall be reported. For some hardwoods a much longer conditioning period
may be necessary.

5.1.3.2.3 Assembly of test pieces

The size and geometry of the test pieces will depend upon the type of three-dimensional
nailing plates and the property being measured, and shall be representative of the connection
under practical conditions. The test pieces shall be assembled using the method normally
used with the particular three-dimensional nailing plates.

Timber members for test pieces shall be cut so that the areas to which the three-dimensional
nailing plates are fixed are free from knots, local grain disturbance, fissures and wane (except
to the extent described in clause 5.1.0). Elsewhere, the members shall be free from
characteristics which could lead to premature failure in the timber.

The fabrication of the test pieces shall reflect the gaps which can occur in practice (see clause
5.1.0).

5.1.3.3 Test procedure

5.1.3.3.1 Estimation of maximum load

The estimated maximum load Fmax,est for the type of joint to be tested shall be determined on
the basis of experience, or by calculation or from preliminary tests, and shall be adjusted as
required by the loading procedure.

5.1.3.3.2 Loading procedure

The loading procedure given in clause 8 of EN 26891 : 1991 shall be followed.

5.1.3.3.3 Maximum load

The load reached before or at a slip of 15 mm, shall be recorded as the maximum load for
each specimen.

The compression capacity shall be taken as the highest load required to close the gap
between the timber members.

Note: This will define the load-carrying capacity of the three-dimensional nailing plate, but not
necessarily of the joint.

5.1.3.3.4 Deformation

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 Deformations shall be taken as the relative movement between the two timber members being
joined (δm).

5.1.3.3.5 Test report

The test report shall include:

the timber species and grade, and the surface finish, density and moisture content of the
timber

method for selecting timber density, by reference to EN 28970 : 1991

dimensions of the joints, size of the three-dimensional nailing plates, details of gaps between
the members

specification of any fasteners used, eg nails, screws, by reference to an appropriate standard

conditioning of the timber and test pieces before and after fabrication

the loading procedure used, and a statement of any deviations from these procedures

product specification, including the dimensions, coating thickness, if appropriate, and specified
mechanical properties (eg tensile strength, yield stress and elongation) of the metal used to
manufacture the product

method of installation

individual test results of maximum load and any relevant information regarding adjustments,
descriptions of the modes of failures, density of timber in which failure took place

initial slip and slip modulus according to EN 26891 : 1991, and load slip curve.

5.2 SAFETY IN CASE OF FIRE

The three-dimensional nailing plates covered by this ETAG are considered to satisfy the
requirements for performance Class A1 of the characteristic reaction to fire, in accordance
with the provisions of EC Decision 96/603/EC, as amended by EC Decision 2000/605/EC,
without the need for testing on the basis of its listing in that Decision.

5.3 HYGIENE, HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT

5.3.1 Release of dangerous substances

5.3.1.1 Presence of dangerous substances in the product

The applicant shall submit a written declaration and list of dangerous substances contained
within the three-dimensional nailing plate in accordance with European and national
regulations, indicating where these substances are relevant in the Member States of
destination. If such dangerous substances are not present, this shall be stated.

5.3.1.2 Compliance with the application regulations

If the three-dimensional nailing plate contains dangerous substances as declared above, the
ETA will provide the method(s) which has been used for demonstrating compliance with the
applicable regulations in the Member States of destination, according to the dated EU
database method(s) of content or release, as appropriate.

ETAG 015
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5.3.1.3 Application of the precautionary principle

An EOTA member is able to provide to other members, through the Secretary General,
warning about substances which, according to Health Authorities of its country, are considered
to be dangerous under sound scientific evidence, but are not yet regulated. Complete
references about this evidence will be provided.

This information, once agreed upon, will be kept in an EOTA database, and will be transferred
to the Commission Services.

The information contained in this EOTA database will also be communicated to any ETA
applicant. On the basis of this information, a protocol of assessment of the product, regarding
this substance, could be established on request of a manufacturer with the participation of the
Approval Body which raised the issue.

5.4 SAFETY IN USE

Not relevant.

5.5 PROTECTION AGAINST NOISE

Not relevant.

5.6 ENERGY ECONOMY AND HEAT RETENTION

Not relevant.

5.7 ASPECTS OF DURABILITY, SERVICEABILITY AND IDENTIFICATION

To ensure an adequately durable structure, the following interrelated factors shall be

considered following the principles of Eurocode 5:

use of the structure

required performance criteria
expected environmental conditions
composition, properties and performance of the materials
shape of members and the structural detailing
quality of the workmanship and the level of control
particular protective measures
likely maintenance during the intended life.

Note: The climatic conditions can generally be described by the service classes according to
Eurocode 5.

5.7.1 Durability and serviceability

5.7.1.1 Resistance to corrosion and deterioration

The product specification (including associated ancillary components) shall be examined and
an assessment or appropriate test and evaluation shall be carried out, to determine the
thickness of corrosion protection or the material specification.

If a zinc coating is used its thickness shall be determined by:

— hot-dip galvanized coating to EN ISO 1461 : 1999 — using the methods described in the
standard, preferably using the non-destructive magnetic method of EN ISO 2178 : 1995,
or using the gravimetric method of EN ISO 1460 : 1994 as a reference method in case of
dispute

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 — hot-dip zinc-coated sheet to EN 10142 : 2000 or EN 10147 : 2000 using the non-
destructive magnetic method of EN ISO 2178 : 1995, or using the methods described in
Annex A of the standard in the case of dispute

— electroplated zinc coating to ISO 2081 : 1986 — using the methods described in the
standard, or using EN ISO 2177 : 1994 as a reference method in case of dispute.

If stainless steel is used it should be designated in accordance with EN 10088-1 : 1995.

5.7.1.2 Dimensional stability

Additional tests are not required for this property, which is covered during the assessment for
mechanical resistance and stability.

5.7.2 Methods of identification

All components shall be clearly specified. Where possible, reference to harmonised European
Standards shall be made.

The characteristics of the three-dimensional nailing plate with fasteners specified to be verified
where appropriate, should, include:

— mechanical properties for the raw materials, eg tensile strength, yield strength, elongation,
etc, for example in accordance with EN 10147 : 2000

— dimensional specification of raw materials for example in accordance with EN 10143 :

1993

— the type and thickness of any protective coating

— chemical composition of raw materials

— the mechanical properties of the fasteners

— dimensional specification of the fasteners

— geometry of the three-dimensional nailing plate.

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6 ASSESSING AND JUDGING OF THE FITNESS OF PRODUCTS FOR AN
INTENDED USE

6.0 GENERAL

This chapter details the performance requirements to be met (Chapter 4) in precise and
measurable (as far as possible and proportional to the importance of the risk) or qualitative
terms, related to the product and its intended use, using the outcome of the verification
methods (Chapter 5).

Each performance requirement to be met for a given intended use in general, is assessed in
terms of classes, use categories or numerical values. The ETA in general shall either indicate
the result of these assessments or state ‘No performance determined’ (for countries/
regions/buildings where no requirement is given in laws, regulations and administrative
provisions). This statement does not mean that the three-dimensional nailing plates perform
badly, but merely that this specific performance property has not been tested and assessed as
it is not necessary within the context of the European Technical Approval.

The possible ways of expressing the results of the assessment of the mandatory performance
requirements are shown in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1

ER ETAG paragraph on product performance to be Category/Class/Numeric value

assessed

1 6.1.1 strength Numeric value(s)

6.1.2 stiffness numeric value(s) or No performance

determined
6.1.3 ductility in cyclic testing numerical value(s) or No performance
determined

2 6.2 Reaction to fire Class A1 according to EN 13501-

1:2002 and EC Decision 96/603/EC,
amended by EC Decision
2000/605/EC
3 Indication of harmful materials by
6.3.1 dangerous substances declaration, or No performance
determined

4 NOT RELEVANT

5 NOT RELEVANT

6 NOT RELEVANT
(1) 6.7.1 resistance to corrosion and deterioration service class

(1) Aspects of durability, serviceability and identification.

6.1 MECHANICAL RESISTANCE AND STABILITY

Where properties are claimed for more than one direction of loading, each shall be given
together with any interaction equation. Consideration should be given to the duration of load,
the effects of reversal of load from long- and medium-term actions and alternating between
tension and compression actions in the members.

Note: The value determined by clause 6.1.1 is the highest value the producer may declare as
the characteristic value. It may be advisable to declare a lower value to avoid an unreasonable
rejection.

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6.1.1 Strength

The characteristic load-carrying capacity Xk or the modified load-carrying capacity Xk,mod for a
given load duration and service class defined in Eurocode 5 shall be given.

For assessment by ‘calculation’ and ‘calculation assisted by testing’ this shall be derived in
accordance with the requirements of Eurocode 5 and for assessment by testing in accordance
with prEN 14358, Structural timber, Calculation of characteristic 5-percentile values.

When deriving values from tests, account shall be taken of the density and moisture content of
the timber test specimens, and deviations from the minimum specification for material
properties of the three-dimensional nailing plate and ancillary components. See EOTA
Technical Report Method of testing three-dimensional nailing plates with examples.

6.1.2 Stiffness

Where an initial slip and slip modulus are to be declared, they shall be determined as
described in Eurocode 5. This relationship shall cover the serviceability limit state covering
forces up to 40% of the ultimate force Fult.

For assessment by tests these properties shall be determined in accordance with EN 26891 :
1991, clause 8.5:

Initial slip vi
Slip modulus ks (Kser in Eurocode 5).

It is recommended that bolt holes should have a diameter not more than 2 mm larger than the
bolt. This shall be considered in the load-slip relation.

6.1.3 Ductility in cyclic testing

In seismic zones, dissipative structural behaviour may be adopted in design if joints are able
to deform plastically for at least three fully reversed cycles in cyclic testing according with
EN 12512 : 2001 at a static ductility ratio of 4 for ductility class M structures and at a static
ductility ratio of 6 for ductility class H ones, without more than a 20% reduction of their
resistance, as laid down in clause 8.3.(3) of prEN 1998-1 : 2001.

6.2 SAFETY IN CASE OF FIRE

The three-dimensional nailing plates covered by this ETAG shall be classified according to
EN 13501-1 : 2002. According to EC Decision 96/603/EC, amended by EC Decision
2000/605/EC, they are classified in class A1.

6.3 HYGIENE, HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT

6.3.1 Release of dangerous substances

The three-dimensional nailing plate shall comply with all relevant European and national
provisions applicable for the uses for which it is brought to the market. The attention of the
applicant should be drawn to the fact that, for other uses or other Member States of
destination, there may be other requirements which would have to be respected. For
dangerous substances contained in the three-dimensional nailing plate but not covered by the
ETA, the NPD option (no performance determined) is applicable.

Comment: The composition of ingot zinc (from which zinc coatings on steel are derived) is
controlled under EN 1179 : 1995, in which a maximum limit for cadmium is imposed. This level

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 of cadmium as a trace component of a zinc coating is not restricted by European Directive
76/769/EEC on dangerous substances.

The product shall be clearly identified. Where possible, reference to European standards shall
be made.

The chemical constitution and composition of the materials will be submitted by the applicant
to the Approval Body which will observe strict rules of confidentiality. Under no circumstances
will such information be disclosed to any other party.

The ETA is issued for the product with the chemical composition and other characteristics as
deposited with the issuing Approval Body. Changes of materials, of composition or
characteristics, should be notified immediately to the Approval Body, which will decide
whether a new assessment will be necessary.

6.4 SAFETY IN USE

Not relevant

6.5 PROTECTION AGAINST NOISE

Not relevant.

6.6 ENERGY ECONOMY AND HEAT RETENTION

Not relevant.

6.7 ASPECTS OF DURABILITY, SERVICEABILITY AND IDENTIFICATION

6.7.1 Durability corrosion and deterioration

The materials specification or minimum corrosion protection for different service classes shall
be in accordance with Eurocode 5. Alternative materials shall have equivalent
properties/performance.

The edges of hot-dip zinc coated-steel sheet to EN 10142 : 2000 and EN 10147 : 2000, with a
minimum coating weight of Z275 are galvanically protected by the zinc present on the faces of
the sheet, and are known to have satisfactory long-term service in service class 2.

It is noted that standards for galvanized and electroplated coatings express mass/unit area of
coatings with respect to the surface area, and standards for hot-dip coated sheet express
mass/unit area with respect to the area of the sheet (ie the area of a sheet represents half the
area of its surface).

Contact between three-dimensional nailing plate including the different materials used in the
construction of the joint including the fasteners shall not result in corrosion occurring in the
service classes being considered. Where appropriate, the product specification (including any
ancillary components) will be examined to determine whether any risk of bimetallic corrosion
exists (with reference to the electrochemical series), and any evidence of monitored
atmospheric exposure tests to EN ISO 7441 : 1995 will be evaluated.

Contact between the three-dimensional nailing plate, including the fasteners and the timber
species and preservative treatments proposed for use, shall not result in corrosion occurring in
the service classes being considered. An assessment will be made of the risks of corrosion
arising from any proposed preservative treatment for the timbers used with the product, or with
any acidic timber species proposed for use.

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6.7.2 Serviceability

The effects of deformations or deflections of the three-dimensional nailing plate which may
affect the appearance or effective use of the structure or cause damage to finishes or non-
structural elements shall be considered. Where appropriate, guidance should be given in the
ETA in the form of an initial slip and a slip modulus (see clause 6.1.2).

6.7.2.1 Dimensional stability

The effects of dimensional changes on the structural elements being joined due to varying
moisture content shall be considered by the determination of the strength and the stiffness of
the joints.

6.7.3 Identification of the product

The three-dimensional nailing plate and any ancillary components shall be clearly identified by
their geometry and material properties. Where possible, this shall be carried out by reference
to European Standards.

Where the ancillary components are not covered by European Standards, they shall be
precisely defined by reference to physical characteristics as indicated in this Guideline.

The determination of the product characteristics shall be based on testing or calculation in

accordance with the appropriate CEN or EOTA test methods as far as they exist.

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7 ASSUMPTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS UNDER WHICH THE FITNESS
FOR USE OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL NAILING PLATES IS
ASSESSED

7.0 GENERAL

This chapter sets out the assumptions and recommendations for design, installation and
execution, packaging, transport and storage, use, maintenance and repair under which the
assessment of the fitness for use according to the ETAG can be made (only when necessary
and in so far as they have a bearing on the assessment or on the products).

7.1 DESIGN OF THE WORKS

The design of the works shall be in accordance with Eurocode 5 or with an appropriate
structural design code.

7.2 PACKAGING, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

For conventional metallic products, it is not necessary to consider special recommendations

for packaging, transport and storage. In special cases it may be necessary for the approval
body to draw attention to any necessary precaution in the ETA.

7.3 EXECUTION OF WORKS (INSTALLATION, ASSEMBLING, INCORPORATION, ETC,

INCLUDING, IF NECESSARY, TEST METHODS FOR VERIFICATIONS ON SITE)

The ETA is issued under the assumption that the execution of the works shall be in
accordance with the manufacturer’s technical literature.

The quality and sufficiency of this technical literature shall be assessed against the
recommendations of Eurocode 5, in particular concerning the aspects on the following
checklist:

— number, location and type of fasteners

— condition and adequacy of supports and restraints

— specification of timber members, eg strength class, allowance for wane

— contact with preservative-treated timbers.

— permitted gap-size between members.

In accordance with the recommendations of Eurocode 5, bolts and screws should be

re-tightened when the timber has reached equilibrium moisture content if this is necessary to
ensure the load-carrying capacity or stiffness of the structure.

It is assumed that the manufacturing dimensions of the product are within such tolerances that
the load-carrying capacity and stiffness of the connection can be maintained.

7.4 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

The assessment of the fitness for use is based on the assumption that no maintenance is
required during the assumed intended working life.

Should repair prove necessary this is normally achieved by replacement.

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 SECTION THREE: ATTESTATION AND EVALUATION OF
CONFORMITY (AC)
8 ATTESTATION AND EVALUATION OF CONFORMITY

8.1 EC DECISION

The system of attestation of conformity specified by the European Commission in Commission

Decision 97/638/EC for fasteners for structural timber products is system 2+ described in
Council Directive (89/106/EEC), Annex III, 2(ii), First possibility and is detailed as follows:

(a) Tasks for the manufacturer

– initial type-testing of the product

– factory production control.

Note: In the context of this Guideline, initial type-testing may be by testing and/or by
calculation.

(b) Tasks for the approved body

Certification of factory production control on the basis of:

– initial inspection of factory and of factory production control

– continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of factory production control.

8.2 RESPONSIBILITIES

8.2.1 Tasks for the manufacturer

8.2.1.1 Factory production control

The manufacturer shall exercise permanent internal control of production. All the elements,
requirements and provisions adopted by the manufacturer shall be documented in a
systematic manner in the form of written policies and procedures. This production control
system shall ensure that the product is in conformity with the European Technical Approval
(ETA).

Manufacturers having an FPC system which complies with EN ISO 9000 : 2000 and EN ISO
9001 : 1994 or 2000, and which addresses the requirements of an ETA are recognised as
satisfying the FPC requirements of the Directive.

8.2.1.2 Testing of samples taken at the factory – Prescribed Test Plan

The tests shall only be carried out on the final product or samples representative of the final
product.

8.2.2 Tasks of the manufacturer or the Approved Body

8.2.2.1 Initial Type-Testing

Approval tests will have been conducted by the Approval Body or under its responsibility
(which may include a proportion conducted by a laboratory or by the manufacturer, witnessed

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 by the Approval Body) in accordance with section 5 of this ETAG. The Approval Body will
have assessed the results of these tests in accordance with section 6 of this ETAG, as part of
the ETA issuing procedure.
(1)
These tests should be used for the purposes of Initial Type Testing .

This work should be taken over by the manufacturer for Declaration of Conformity purposes.

Note: In the context of this Guideline, initial type-testing may be by testing and/or by
calculation.

(1) In this respect Approval Bodies shall be able to have open arrangements with relevant
Approved Bodies to avoid duplication, respecting each others responsibilities.

8.2.3 Tasks for the Approved Body

8.2.3.1 Assessment of the factory production control system — initial inspection and continuous
surveillance

Assessment of the factory production control system is the responsibility of the Approved
Body.

An assessment must be carried out of each production unit to demonstrate that the factory
production control is in conformity with the ETA and any subsidiary information. This
assessment shall be based on an initial inspection of the factory.

Subsequently continuous surveillance of factory production control is necessary to ensure

continuing conformity with the ETA.

8.2.3.2 Certification

The Approved Body shall issue the Certification of Factory Production Control.

8.3 DOCUMENTATION

The Approval Body issuing the ETA shall supply the information detailed below. The
information given below, together with the requirements given in EC Guidance Paper B, will
generally form the basis on which the factory production control (FPC) is assessed.

This information shall initially be prepared or collected by the Approval Body and shall be
agreed with the manufacturer. The following gives guidance on the type of information
required:
(1) The ETA

See section 9 of this Guideline.

The nature of any additional (confidential) information shall be declared in the ETA.

(2) Basic manufacturing process

The basic manufacturing process shall be described in sufficient detail to support the
proposed FPC methods.

The different components of three-dimensional nailing plates, generally, are,

manufactured using conventional techniques. Any critical process or treatment of the
components which affects the performance shall be highlighted.

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Note: welding is a critical treatment if the stress in the weld is larger than half the design
stress.

(3) Product and materials specifications

These may include:

detailed drawings (including manufacturing tolerances)

incoming (raw) materials specifications and declarations
references to European and/or international standards or appropriate
specifications
manufacturer’s data sheets.

(4) Test plan (as part of FPC)

The manufacturer and the Approval Body issuing the ETA shall agree an FPC test
plan.

An agreed FPC test plan is necessary as current standards relating to quality

management systems (Guidance Paper B,EN ISO 9000:2000 and EN ISO 9001 : 2000)
do not ensure that the product specification remains unchanged, and they cannot
address the technical validity of the type or frequency of checks/tests.

The validity of the type and frequency of checks/tests conducted during production and
on the final product shall be considered. This will include the checks conducted during
manufacture on properties that cannot be inspected at a later stage and checks on the
final product. These will normally include:

(4.1) Three-dimensional nailing plates

Checks on incoming materials

Supplier’s certificate, eg mill certificate

Checks on process

Generally not applicable

Checks on finished products

Corrosion protection
Dimensions
Visual inspection, eg for cracks
Standard of welding, eg to the parts of EN 288

(4.2) Fasteners

The text in this Guideline on factory production control of fasteners is intended to

be provisional, and may be superseded by the issue of the Harmonized Standard
for fasteners under preparation by CEN TC 124 as prEN 14592.

Checks on incoming materials

Supplier’s certificate mill certificate for steel materials, eg according to EN 10204 :

1991

Checks on process

Generally not applicable

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 Checks on finished products

Head diameter and thickness

Thread diameter (if appropriate)
Core diameter
Length
Washer (if any)
Thickness of corrosion protection (if any)
Mechanical tests, eg torsional strength of screws

(4.3) For coated steel parts

Cleaning/pretreatment process data

Coating process data
Mass and/or thickness of coating.

Where materials/components are not manufactured and tested by the supplier in

accordance with agreed methods, then, where appropriate, they must be subject
to suitable checks/tests by the manufacturer before acceptance.

(5) Prescribed test plan (testing of samples at the factory)

The manufacturer and the approval body issuing the ETA shall agree a prescribed test
plan.

The characteristics to be addressed as described in the mandate are Mechanical resistance

and Release of dangerous substances. These will be controlled at least twice per year by
analysis/measurement/use of supplier’s certificate, eg mill certificate of the relevant
characteristics for the components from the following list:

composition
dimensions
physical properties
mechanical properties.

However, if the results of the surveillance inspections are satisfactory, the inspection interval
can be reduced to once per year.

8.4 CE MARKING AND INFORMATION

The ETA shall indicate how the CE marking is to be placed, and the information to accompany
it as given in the Construction Products Directive, and amplified by EC Guidance Paper D.
Each three-dimensional nailing plate shall be marked with the CE marking and the number of
the ETA, unless its size or surface makes this impossible.

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 SECTION FOUR: ETA CONTENT
9 THE ETA CONTENT

9.1 THE ETA CONTENT

9.1.1 Model ETA

The ETA content shall be in accordance with the Commission Decision 97/571/EC, dated
22 July 1997.

9.1.2 Performance

The technical part of the ETA shall contain information on the following items, in the order and
with reference to the relevant Essential Requirements. For each of the listed items, the ETA
shall either give the mentioned indication/classification/statement/ description or state that the
verification/assessment of this item has not been carried out. For clarification the ETA may
contain diagrams or illustrations of the product or its installation. The items are given here with
reference to the relevant clause of this guidance.

9.1.2.1 Working life

An indication of the assumed working life is required [Section two, General Notes (d) Working
Life (durability) and serviceability], however, this is dependent on the service class in which it
is used. Therefore, the material specification and coating if any should also be given in a form
compatible with Eurocode 5 and hence allow the designer to make an assessment.

9.1.2.2 Mechanical resistance, assumptions and specification

The technical part of the ETA should contain information on the following where appropriate:

— Characteristic load-carrying capacity for a given load duration and service class for each
direction of loading considered (6.1.1)

— Initial slip and slip modulus for each direction of loading considered (6.1.2)

— Three-dimensional nailing plate specification, geometry (eg drawings and description),

material specification and coating (if any) (6.7.3).

— Fastener specification (6.7.3)

— Fastener configuration to which the above relate (6.1.1)

— Timber specification to which the load-carrying capacity relates, eg strength class,

presence of wane, sizes, surface finish (5.1.0)

— Assumptions regarding the support and/or restraint of the timber members being joined,
eg simply supported, laterally restrained (5.1.0)

— Assumptions regarding preparation of timber members, eg pre-drilled holes, tolerance on

hole diameter (5.1.0)

— Assumptions regarding permitted gap-size between members (5.1.0)

— Any special installation/maintenance provisions shall be highlighted, eg retightening of

bolts (5.1.0).

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9.1.2.3 Hygiene, health and the environment

The technical part of the ETA shall include a statement on the presence and
concentration/emission rate/etc of dangerous substances or statement that dangerous
materials are not present (see clause 6.3.1).

Note: In addition to the specific clauses relating to dangerous substances contained in this
European Technical Approval , there may be other requirements applicable to the products
falling within its scope (eg transposed European legislation and national laws, regulations and
administrative provisions). To meet the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive,
these requirements need also to be complied with, when and where they apply. An informative
database of European and national provisions on dangerous substances is available at the
Construction website (see Annex B). This database should be used as a guide, but account
must also be taken of any other relevant regulation or dangerous substance , which the
database does not yet include.

The ETA is issued for the three-dimensional nailing plate with the chemical composition and
other characteristics as deposited with the issuing Approval Body. Changes of materials, of
composition or characteristics, should immediately be notified to the Approval Body which will
decide whether a new assessment will be necessary.

9.2 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The ETA shall state that it is assumed that the design of the structural connection is in
accordance with the relevant recommendations of Eurocode 5, or an appropriate structural
timber design code, particularly in relation to the duration of load, the effects of reversal of
load from long- and medium-term actions and alternating between tension and compression
actions in the members.

The ETA shall state that the manufacturer’s technical literature forms part of the ETA (see
clause 7.3 of this Guideline).

Similarly, it shall be stated in the ETA whether or not any additional (possibly confidential)
information shall be supplied to the Approved Body for the evaluation of conformity (see
clause 8.3 of this Guideline).

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 ANNEX A
A COMMON TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS
(DEFINITIONS, CLARIFICATIONS)

A.1 WORKS AND PRODUCTS

A.1.1 Construction works (and parts of works) (often simply referred to as ‘works’) (ID 1.3.1)

Everything that is constructed or results from construction operations and is fixed to the
ground. (This covers both building and civil engineering works, and both structural and non-
structural elements).

A.1.2 Construction products (often simply referred to as ‘products’) (ID 1.3.2)

Products manufactured for incorporation in a permanent manner in the works and placed as
such on the market. (The term includes materials, elements and components of prefabricated
systems or installations.)

A.1.3 Incorporation (of products in works) (ID 1.3.1)

Incorporation of a product in a permanent manner in the works means that:

— its removal reduces the performance capabilities of the works, and

— that the dismantling or the replacement of the product are operations involving construction
activities.

A.1.4 Intended use (ID 1.3.4)

Role(s) that the product is intended to play in the fulfilment of the essential requirements.

A.1.5 Execution (ETAG-format)

Used in this document to cover all types of incorporation techniques, such as installation,
assembling, incorporation, etc.

A.1.6 System (EOTA/TB guidance)

Part of the works realised by

— particular combination of a set of defined products, and
— particular design methods for the system, and/or
— particular execution procedures.

A.2 PERFORMANCES

A.2.1 Fitness for intended use (of products) (CPD 2.1)

Products have such characteristics that the works in which they are intended to be
incorporated, assembled, applied or installed, can, if properly designed and built, satisfy the
essential requirements.

A.2.2 Serviceability (of works)

Ability of the works to fulfil their intended use and in particular the essential requirements
relevant for this use.

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 The products must be suitable for construction works which (as a whole and in their separate
parts) are fit for their intended use, subject to normal maintenance, be satisfied for an
economically reasonable working life. The requirements generally concern foreseeable
actions (CPD Annex I, Preamble).

A.2.3 Essential requirements (for works)

Requirements applicable to works, which may influence the technical characteristics of a

product, and are set out in terms of objectives in the CPD, Annex I (CPD, Art. 3.1).

A.2.4 Performance (of works, parts of works or products) (ID 1.3.7)

The quantitative expression (value, grade, class or level) of the behaviour of the works, parts
of works or of the products, for an action to which it is subject or which it generates under the
intended service conditions (works or parts of works) or intended use conditions (products).

A.2.5 Actions (on works or parts of the works) (ID 1.3.6)

Service conditions of the works which may affect the compliance of the works with the
essential requirements of the Directive and which are brought about by agents (mechanical,
chemical, biological, thermal or electromagnetic) acting on the works or parts of the works.

A.2.6 Classes or levels (for essential requirements and for related product performances) (ID 1.2.1)

A classification of product performance(s) expressed as a range of requirement levels of the

works, determined in the IDs or according to the procedure provided for in Art. 20.2a of the
CPD.

A.3 ETAG — FORMAT

A.3.1 Requirements (for works) (ETAG — format 4)

Expression and application, in more detail and in terms applicable to the scope of the
Guideline, of the relevant requirements of the CPD (given concrete form in the IDs and further
specified in the mandate, for works or parts of the works, taking into account the durability and
serviceability of the works.

A.3.2 Methods of verification (for products) (ETAG — format 5)

Verification methods used to determine the performance of the products in relation to the
requirements for the works (calculations, tests, engineering knowledge, evaluation of site
experience, etc).

A.3.3 Specifications (for products) (ETAG — format 6)

Transposition of the requirements into precise and measurable (as far as possible and
proportional to the importance of the risk) or qualitative terms, related to the products and their
intended use.

A.4 WORKING LIFE

A.4.1 Working life (of works or parts of the works) [ID 1.3.5(1)]

The period of time during which the performance will be maintained at a level compatible with
the fulfilment of the essential requirements.

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A.4.2 Working life (of products)

Period of time during which the performances of the product are maintained — under the
corresponding service conditions — at a level compatible with the intended use conditions.

A.4.3 Economically reasonable working life [ID 1.3.5(2)]

Working life which takes into account all relevant aspects, such as costs of design,
construction and use, costs arising from hindrance of use, risks and consequences of failure
of the works during its working life and cost of insurance covering these risks, planned partial
renewal, costs of inspections, maintenance, care and repair, costs of operation and
administration, of disposal and environmental aspects.

A.4.4 Maintenance (of works) [ID 1.3.3(1)]

A set of preventive and other measures applied to the works to enable the works to fulfil all its
functions during its working life. These measures include cleaning, servicing, repainting,
repairing, replacing parts of the works where needed, etc.

A.4.5 Normal maintenance (of works) [ID 1.3.3(2)]

Maintenance, normally including inspections, occurring at a time when the cost of the
intervention which has to be made is not disproportionate to the value of the part of the work
concerned, consequential costs (eg exploitation) being taken into account.

A.4.6 Durability (of products)

Ability of the product to contribute to the working life of the work by maintaining its
performances, under the corresponding service conditions, at a level compatible with the
fulfilment of the essential requirements by the works.

A.5 Conformity

A.5.1 Attestation of conformity (of products)

Provisions and procedures as laid down in the CPD and fixed according to the directive,
aiming to ensure that, with acceptable probability, the specified performance of the product is
achieved by the ongoing production.

A.5.2 Identification (of a product)

Product characteristics and methods of their verification, allowing to compare a given product
with the one that is described in the technical specification.

A.6 APPROVAL AND APPROVED BODIES

A.6.1 Approval Body

Body notified in accordance with Article 10 of the CPD, by an EU Member State or by an

EFTA State (contracting party to the EEA Agreement), to issue European Technical Approvals
in (a) specific construction product area(s). All such bodies are required to be members of the
European Organisation for Technical Approvals (EOTA), set up in accordance with Annex II.2
of the CPD.
(1)
A.6.2 Approved Body

Body nominated in accordance with Article 18 of the CPD, by an EU Member State or by an

EFTA State (contracting party to the EEA Agreement), to perform specific tasks in the
framework of the Attestation of Conformity decision for specific construction products

ETAG 015
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(certification, inspection or testing). All such bodies are automatically members of the Group of
Notified Bodies.

(1) also known as Notified Body.

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 ABBREVIATIONS
Concerning the Construction Products Directive

AC: Attestation of Conformity

CEC: Commission of the European Communities
CEN: Comité Européen de Normalisation (European Committee for Standardization)
CPD: Construction Products Directive
EC: European Communities
EFTA: European Free Trade Association
E European Standards
FPC: Factory Production Control
ID: Interpretative Documents of the CPD
ISO: International Standardisation Organisation
SCC: Standing Committee on Construction of the EC.

Concerning approval

EOTA: European Organisation for Technical Approvals

ETA: European Technical Approval
ETAG: European Technical Approval Guideline
RILEM TC 169 MTE:
Réunion Internationale des Laboratoires et de Recherches sur les Matériaux et les
constructions/International Union of Testing and Research Laboratories for Materials and
Structures
Technical Committee 169 – Test methods for load transferring Metalwork used in Timber
Engineering
TB: EOTA Technical Board
UEAtc: Union Européenne pour l’Agrément technique dans la construction (European Union of
Agrement).

General

TC Technical Committee
WG: Working Group.

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 ANNEX B
List of documents
Construct 99/339 -Rev 1 Mandate to EOTA concerning the execution of harmonisation work for an
ETA Guideline on three-dimensional nailing plates

Mandate M112 to CEN/CENELEC concerning the execution of standardisation work for

harmonised standards on structural timber products and ancillaries

Mandate M116 to CEN/CENELEC concerning the execution of standardisation work for

harmonised standards on masonry and related products

Commission Decision 96/603/EC of 4 October 1996, Official Journal L267, 19.10.96 p23 amended by
Commission Decision 2000/605/EC

Council Directive 89/106/EEC (CPD) of 21 December 1988, on the approximation of laws, regulations and
administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction
products. Official Journal L40, 11.2.89 p 12-26

prEN 1995-1-1 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures. Part 1-1: General – Common rules
and rules for buildings.

EC Guidance Paper L Application and use of Eurocodes.

Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions
of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of
certain dangerous substances and preparations.

Official Journal No L 262, 27.9.76, p 201

and subsequent amendments

EOTA Guidance Document N° 004

The provision of data for assessment leading to ETA

EN 338 : 1995 Structural timber. Strength classes

EN 10088-1 : 1995 List of stainless steels

EN 10088-2 : 1995 Stainless steels. Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip for
general purposes.

EN 10142 : 2000 Continuously hot-dip zinc coated low carbon steels strip and sheet for cold
forming. Technical delivery conditions.

EN 10147 : 2000 Specification for continuously hot-dip zinc coated structural steel sheet and
strip. Technical delivery conditions.

prEN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures. Part 1-1: General rules

prEN 1993-1-3 Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures. Part 1-3: General rules.
Supplementary rules for cold-formed thin gauge members and sheeting.

prEN 1998-1 Eurocode 8. Design of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 1: General
rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings.

EN 26891 : 1991 Timber structures. Joints made with mechanical fasteners. General principles
for the determination of strength and deformation characteristics

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EOTA Technical Report Principles for the static calculation of connections made with Three-
Dimensional Nailing Plates, with examples

EOTA Technical Report Method of Testing Three-Dimensional Nailing Plates, with examples

EOTA Technical Report Worked example calculation of characteristic load-carrying capacities of 90°
angle bracket with a rib

EN 28970 : 1991 Timber structures. Testing of joints made with mechanical fasteners.
Requirements for wood density

EN 10002-1 : 1990 Tensile testing of metallic materials. Method of test at ambient temperature

EN 1380 : 1999 Timber structures. Test methods. Loadbearing nailed joints

EN 1382 : 1999 Timber structures. Test methods. Withdrawal capacity of timber fasteners

EN 1383 : 1999 Timber structures. Test methods. Pull-through resistance of timber fasteners

EN 12512 : 2001 Timber structures. Test methods. Cyclic testing of joints made with
mechanical fasteners

EN 288 Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials

prEN 14592 Timber structures. Fasteners. Requirements

ISO 3130 : 21975 Wood. Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests

ISO 3131 : 1975 Wood. Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests

ISO 554 : 1976 Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing. Specifications

EN ISO 1461 : 1999 Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles. Specification
and test methods

EN ISO 2178 : 1995 Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substances. Measurements of coating

thickness. Magnetic method

EN ISO 1460 : 1995 Metallic coatings. Hot dip galvanized coatings on ferrous materials.
Gravimetric determination of the mass per unit area

ISO 2081 : 1986 Metallic coatings. Electroplated coatings of zinc on iron or steel

EN ISO 2177 : 1994 Metallic coatings. Measurement of coating thickness. Coulometric method by
anodic dissolution

EN 10143 : 1993 Continuously hot-dip metal coated steel sheet and strip. Tolerances on
dimensions and shape

EN 13501-1 : 2002 Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1:
Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests

EN 1179 : 1996 Specifications for zinc and zinc alloys. Primary zinc

EN ISO 7441 : 1995 Corrosion of metals and alloys. Determination of bimetallic corrosion in
outdoor exposure corrosion tests

Commission Decision 97/638/EC of 19 September 1997 on the procedure for attesting the conformity of
construction products pursuant to Article 20(2) of Council Directive
89/106/EEC as regards fasteners for structural timber

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EN ISO 9000 : 2000 Quality management systems. Fundamentals and vocabulary

EN ISO 9001 : 2000 Quality management systems. Requirements

EC Guidance Paper B The definition of factory production control in technical specifications for
construction products

EN 10204 : 1991 Metallic products. Types of inspection documents

EC Guidance Paper D CE marking under the Construction Products Directive

Commission Decision 22 July 1997, Official Journal L 236 27.8.97

prEN 14358 Structural timber − Calculation of characteristic 5-percentile values

EU database on dangerous substances in construction products:

http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/construction/internal/hygiene.htm

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