2007 AAPS - Poster - High Throughput Solubility Analysis
2007 AAPS - Poster - High Throughput Solubility Analysis
Charles E. Taylor, Robyn A. Rourick and John P. Walsh
Kalypsys, Inc. Pharmaceutical Sciences Department 10420 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121
cost and maintain the credibility of the current assay, we aim to 0.8 BioA 1
Phosphate DMSO
AU
0.4
that is capable of analyzing various buffer types. Profiler 3 compounds, which were 35
10 µL 46µL Baseline Intertwined 0.2 Profiler 4
Buffer Automation High Std. Dev.
Buffer Calibration 0 Profiler 5 constructed by the fully
Capable Of Samples Absorbance Profiler 6 30
Absorbance 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
automated method. Also
Compounds
Methods: Using a modified shake flask method, a medium throughput plate‐ 96 Well Phosphate Buffer Saline Pass Pass Pass Pass
96 Well in the graphs are a 25
(Samples) (Calibration) DMEM (‐phenol red) + 5% FBS Fail Pass Fail Fail calibration curve and a
ease of post‐agitation precipitate filtration. Calibration gradients in RPMI (‐phenol red) Pass Pass Fail Fail
1.5 Manual 1 15
BioA 1 s e m i ‐ a u t o m a t e d
an organic mixture of the buffer allow for quantification of the sample RPMI (‐phenol red) + 5% FBS Fail Pass Fail Fail 1 Profiler 1
Shake Serial Dilution calibration curve. This 10
solubility. UV plates were used to read both the sample and HBSS + 20mM Hepes Pass Pass Pass Pass Profiler 2
AU
0.5 Profiler 3 graphs illustrate the
4.5 Hrs CYP450 Assay Buffer Pass Pass Pass Pass
calibration solution absorbances; the latter provides for a linear Legend Profiler 4 5
@ 200RPM Met. Stab. Assay Buffer Pass Pass Pass Pass 0 Profiler 5 capability of the fully
correlation of the UV absorbance to concentration. Profiler 6 0
Process ADB Kinase Buffer Pass Pass Fail Pass 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
automated method in
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Step Magic Buffer for Neutrophils Pass Pass Pass Pass production.
Initially, this procedure was performed manually with multichannel Magic Buffer 2 Pass Pass Pass Pass Concentration [uM]
Filter @
pipettes with the user taking the plates to various instruments. The Table 2: Summary of the Pass/Fail results for the various buffers in the system. The 3. Informatics Tools
0.45 µM Stock Plate
automation capable category considers the success with which the buffer was Figure 10: Bar chart showing the historical use of the solubility assay. The effect of
next evolution automated the liquid handling on a disposable tip
handled by the Tecan liquid handler and/or shaker. A High Standard Deviation of
• Queuing system introducing a fully automated solution provides that many FTE hours will be
liquid‐handler. In this configuration, the assay was expanded to
UV Plates
the samples is indicative of a ruggedness problem for inter‐ or intra‐day • Curate results saved, and the use of the assay will increase with the throughput.
include analysis in multiple buffer types; all buffers used in the 96 Well reproducibility. A failure in the baseline absorbance category would occur if the
company were investigated for solubility analysis compatibility. Shallow Well buffer system showed a chromophore of significant enough intensity to affect • Automated PDF report generation and archival
Acetonitrile
Process Plates the current quantitation limits. Intertwined calibration absorbance curves are
often a result of a poorly behaving UV solvent with compound.
The next design iteration was to increase the assay throughput;
Buffer Solubility Comparison Ketoconazole Solubility
achieved by migrating the assay to an integrated platform and 40µL 160µL 200µL Solvents Verapamil Solubility
700 Figure 3: Chart illustrating the
upgrading the data handling tools for the assay. A liquid handler with
600 different solubility values
the accessories capable of processing the solubility assay was 500 obtained for each of the
96 Well 96 Well Transfer
installed; this system allowed for a theoretical throughput of 84
Concentration [uM]
Volume
400 buffers tested. Ketoconazole
compounds in 5 hours. With the data quantity, a server based data UV Plate UV Plate 300 is represented by the blue
200
handling package was needed for the purpose of: a sample queuing bars, and Verapamil is
100
system, requesting test articles from compound management, represented by the yellow
0
bars. The validated
parsing raw data files, curve fitting, outlier sample exclusion and UV Plate Read -100 Figure 6: User curate ability Figure 7: Incoming sample queue.
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Results: The assay was successfully migrated to the fully automated platform, Figure 1: Illustration showing the effect of
Buffer Systems
Plate Prep
Effect of Shake Time in Sample
with the capability of analyzing solubility in multiple buffer types. The Values shake time on the sample results. 4.5 2. Fully Automated Assay Cal Plate
data handling tools were successfully implemented. Each method hours was chosen because it provides 3 hours 40 minutes N/A
3.5
Table 1: Liquid aliquots and serial dilution volumes used in constructing the calibration
Mike Calcagno, Qiner Yang, Frank Balistrieri , Chris Peterson and Katie Belsky.
→ Queuing system integrated with proprietary “Request System” concentrations used to determine the unknown sample concentrations. Organic buffer Figure 9: From the results displayed in Figure 7, automatically generated PDF reports Document Number Description
→ Curve fitting tools refers to the 20% Acetonitrile composition in the buffer being used to construct the are created and archived in a Solubility Report Library on the company AC_M T_Solubility_v1 Semi‐Auto and Manual Solubility Assay
AC_HT_Solubility_v1 Fully Automated Solubility Assay
calibration curve. Acetonitrile helps to maintain the higher concentrations of the Figure 4: Bed layout of the robotic deck that is used to process the fully automated intranet. The results are also maintained in an Oracle® table, which can be
→ Automated report generation and archival AC_MT_Solubility_Expansion_v1 Multiple Buffer System Validation
compound in the calibration curve. solubility assay. data mined or displayed in SAR tables. AC‐MethDev‐2006‐012v1 Fully Automated Solubility Assay Development