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Complex Numbers Exercises

This document contains 12 problems involving complex numbers and their operations. The problems involve computing real and imaginary parts, absolute values, conjugates, writing numbers in trigonometric and algebraic forms, simplifying expressions, finding square and cube roots, solving equations, and factorizing polynomials. Detailed step-by-step solutions are provided for each problem.

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Víctor de la Cruz
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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387 views4 pages

Complex Numbers Exercises

This document contains 12 problems involving complex numbers and their operations. The problems involve computing real and imaginary parts, absolute values, conjugates, writing numbers in trigonometric and algebraic forms, simplifying expressions, finding square and cube roots, solving equations, and factorizing polynomials. Detailed step-by-step solutions are provided for each problem.

Uploaded by

Víctor de la Cruz
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complex numbers - Exercises with detailed solutions

1. Compute real and imaginary part of z =


i 4
2i 3
.
2. Compute the absolute value and the conjugate of
z = (1 + i)
6
, w = i
17
.
3. Write in the algebraic form (a + ib) the following complex numbers
z = i
5
+ i + 1, w = (3 + 3i)
8
.
4. Write in the trigonometric form ((cos + i sin)) the following complex numbers
a)8 b)6i c)
_
cos

3
i sin

3
_
7
.
5. Simplify
(a)
1 + i
1 i
(1 + 2i)(2 + 2i) +
3 i
1 + i
;
(b) 2i(i 1) +
_

3 + i
_
3
+ (1 + i)(1 + i) .
6. Compute the square roots of z = 1 i.
7. Compute the cube roots of z = 8.
8. Prove that there is no complex number such that |z| z = i.
9. Find z C such that
a)z = i(z 1) b)z
2
z = z c)|z + 3i| = 3|z| .
10. Find z C such that z
2
R.
11. Find z C such that
(a) Re (z(1 + i)) + zz = 0 ;
(b) Re
_
z
2
_
+ i Im(z(1 + 2i)) = 3 ;
(c) Im((2 i)z) = 1 .
12. Find a R such that z = i is a root for the polynomial P(z) = z
3
z
2
+ z + 1 + a. Furthermore, for
such value of a nd the factors of P(z) in R and in C.
1
Solutions
1. z =
i 4
2i 3
=
i 4
2i 3

2i + 3
2i + 3
=
2 + 3i 8i 12
4 9
=
14
13
+ i
5
13
hence Re (z) =
14
13
and Im(z) =
5
13
.
2. z = (1 + i)
6
=
_

2(cos

4
+ i sin

4
)
_
6
= 8
_
cos
3
2
+ i sin
3
2
)
_
= 8i. Hence |z| = 8 and z = 8i.
w = i
17
= i i
16
= i
_
i
4
_
4
= i (1)
4
= i. Hence |w| = 1 and w = i.
3. i
2
= 1, i
3
= i, i
4
= 1 e i
5
= i then z = i + i + 1 = 1 + 2i.
For w, we write 3 + 3i in the trigonometric form. We have 3 + 3i = 3

2
_
cos

4
+ i sin

4
_
, hence
(3 + 3i)
8
= 3
8
2
4
_
cos
_
8

4
_
+ i sin
_
8

4
__
= 16 3
8
(cos 2 + i sin2) = 16 3
8
.
4. If z = a + ib, a, b R, its trigonometric form is
z = (cos + i sin) , where :=
_
a
2
+ b
2
and is such that cos =
a

, sin =
b

.
a) a = 8, b = 0, cos = 1 e sin = 0. Hence 8 = 8 (cos 0 + i sin0).
b) 6i = 6 (0 + i) = 6
_
cos

2
+ i sin

2
_
.
c) We use the de Moivres Formula:
_
cos(

3
) i sin(

3
)
_
7
= cos
7
3
i sin
7
3
= cos 2 +

3
i sin2 +

3
= cos

3
i sin

3
.
5. (a) We compute
1 + i
1 i
(1 + 2i)(2 + 2i) +
3 i
1 + i
=
1 + i
1 i

1 + i
1 + i
(1 + 2i)(2 + 2i) +
3 i
1 + i

1 i
1 i
= i 2 2i 4i + 4 +
3 1 3i i
2
= i + 2 6i +
2 4i
2
= 2 5i + 1 2i = 3 7i.
(b) Since
_

3 + i
_
3
=
_

3 i
_
3
=
_

3 i
_
2
_

3 i
_
=
_
3 1 2i

3
__

3 i
_
=
_
2 2i

3
__

3 i
_
= 2

3 2i 6i 2

3 = 8i,
we obtain
2i(i 1) +
_

3 + i
_
3
+ (1 + i)(1 + i) = 2 2i 8i + 2 = 10i.
6. Every z C has n distinct roots of order n, which correspond (in the complex plane) to the vertices of a
regular n-agon inscribed in the circle of radius
n
_
|z| centered at the origin.
When z = (cos + i sin) = e
i
, then the roots of order n of z are
n

_
cos
_
+ 2k
n
_
+ i sin
_
+ 2k
n
__
=
n

e
+2k
n
. k = 0, 1, 2, . . . , n 1.
The square roots of z = 1 i =

2
_
cos
5
4
+ i sin
5
4
_
are
z
1
=
2
_

2
_
cos
_
5
4
2
_
+ i sin
_
5
4
2
__
=
4

2
_
cos
5
8
+ i sin
5
8
_
and
2
z
2
=
2
_

2
_
cos
_
5
4
+ 2
2
_
+ i sin
_
5
4
+ 2
2
__
=
4

2
_
cos
13
8
+ i sin
13
8
_
.
We could also argue as follows: the equation
(x + i y)
2
= 1 i
is equivalent to the system
_
x
2
y
2
= 1,
2xy = 1,
which admits solutions
z =
_
_

2 1
2

i
2

2 1
_
_
which coincide with z
1
and z
2
.
7. The trigonometric form of z = 8, is z = 8 (cos + i sin). Then
z
1
=
3

8
_
cos
_

3
_
+ i sin
_

3
__
= 2
_
cos
_

3
_
+ i sin
_

3
__
= 1 + i

3,
z
2
=
3

8 (cos + i sin) = 2 (cos + i sin) = 2, and


z
3
=
3

8
_
cos
_
5
3
_
+ i sin
_
5
3
__
= 2
_
cos
_
5
3
_
+ i sin
_
5
3
__
= 1 i

3.
8. Suppose that some z C satises the equation. Then |z| = Re (z) + i(Im(z) + 1). Hence, since |z| R,
necessarily Im(z) = 1. The equation then is
_
(Re (z))
2
+ 1 = Re (z), and, squaring, we obtain 1 = 0.
9. We will use the notation z = a + ib, a, b R.
a) The equation becomes aib = i(a+ib1), that is aib = b+i(a1). Then a = b and b = a1,
which has no solution; We conclude that the equation has no solution.
b) The equation becomes z (z z 1) = 0. Hence a rst solution is z = 0, while the others satisfy
z z = |z|
2
= 1. Then also all the points of the circle of radius 1 centered at the origin satises the equation.
c) We square both terms and we obtain
|z + 3i|
2
= |a + i(b + 3)|
2
= a
2
+ (b + 3)
2
, (3|z|)
2
= 9(a
2
+ b
2
).
Hence we have to solve the equation
a
2
+(b+3)
2
= 9(a
2
+b
2
) 8(a
2
+b
2
) = 6b+9 a
2
+b
2

3
4
b =
9
8
a
2
+
_
b
3
8
_
2
=
_
9
8
_
2
.
Then the solution are all the points of the circle of radius 9/8 centered at (0, 3/8).
10. If z = a + ib, a, b R then z
2
R if and only if a
2
b
2
+ 2iab R, that is if and only if ab = 0. Hence
z
2
R if and only if z R (b = 0) or if z is a pure imaginary number (a = 0).
11. Let z = a + ib, a, b R.
(a) Re (z(1 + i)) = Re ((a + ib)(1 + i)) = Re (a b + i(a + b)) = a b. The equation is then equivalent
to
a b + a
2
+ b
2
= 0
_
a +
1
2
_
2
+
_
b
1
2
_
2
=
1
2
whose solutions are the points of the circle with center in (1/2, 1/2) and radius

2/2.
3
(b) Since z
2
= a
2
b
2
+ 2iab and z(1 + 2i) = (a ib)(1 + 2i) = a + 2b + i(2a b), the equation can be
written as
a
2
b
2
+ i(2a b) = 3,
and we deduce 2a = b and a
2
b
2
= 3. The solution of this system are z
1
= 1+2i and z
2
= 12i,
the unique solutions of the starting equation.
(c) Since (2 i)(a + bib) = 2a + b + i(2b a), the equation can be written as
2b a = 1.
whose solutions are the points of the line x 2y + 1 = 0.
12. If z = i, then z
2
= 1, z
3
= i, and P(i) = i + 1 i + 1 + a = 2 + a . Then i is a root for P if and
only if a = 2. Since P(z) = z
3
z
2
+ z 1 contains z 1, we have P(z) = (z 1)(z i)(z + i).
4

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