Engineering Mechanics (Dynamics) Ex. 12.3 : For given arrangement block C is moving up at a constant speed of 8 m/s.

If elevations of blocks A and B are always equal, determine velocity of block B. Soln. : Length of string connecting blocks A and B. L1 = xA + (xA xD) + (xB xD) 2 xA + xB 2 xD = constant 3 xB 2 xD = constant Differentiating w.r.t. t 3 vB 2 vD = 0 2 vD vB = 3

12-1

Dependent Motion

but xA = xB given

Fig. Ex. 12.3 ...(1)

And length of string connecting block C and pulley D. L2 = xC + xD Differentiating w.r.t. t vC + vD = 0 Substituting in Equation (1) vB = 2/3 ( vC) It is given that velocity of C is vC = 8 m/s (upward) By Equation (3) vB = 2/3 (8) = 16/3 m/s
2

vD = vC

...(2) ...(3) Ans.

Ex. 12.6 :

Under the action of force P the constant acceleration of block B is 4 m/s (). At the instant when m velocity of B is 3 s (). Determine (1) VB/A (2) aB/A (3) Velocity of point C of the cable.

Fig. Ex. 12.6 Soln. : Length of string connecting block A and B L = 3xB 4xA Differentiating w.r.t. t 0 = 3VB 4VA 3 VA = 4 VB (1)

Engineering Mechanics (Dynamics) and Now when By (1) Also when By (2)

12-2

Dependent Motion

3 aA = 4 aB (2) m VB = 3 s 3 VA = 4 3 VA = 2.25 m/s 2 aB = 4 m/s 3 m aA = 4 (4) = 3 2 s

Fig. Ex. 12.6(a) Ans. Ans.

Relative velocity of B w.r.t. A is VB/A = VB VA = 3 2.25 = 0.75 m/s Relative acceleration of B w.r.t. A is 2 aB/A = aB aA = 4 3 = 1 m/s

Now to find velocity of point C, consider part of the cable starting from any one end upto point C as shown in Fig. Ex. 12.6(a). xB xA (xA x C) = constant xB 2xA + x C = constant Differentiate w.r.t. t VB 2VA VC = 0 m VC = 2VA VB = 2 (2.25) 3 = 1.5 s Ex. 12.8 : Ans.

Block c starts from rest and moves downward with a constant acceleration knowing that after 12 sec the velocity of block A is 456 mm/sec. find (a) accelerations of A,B and C (b) velocity and change in position of block B after 8 sec.

Fig. Ex. 12.8 Soln. : The length of string L1 = 2vA + 3vB 2uA = 3uB 2 aA + 3 aB = = = 2 xA + 3xB 0 0 0 (1) (2) (3) L2 = xB + 2 xc vB + 2vc = 0 uB + 2uc = 0 aB + 2 ac = 0 (4) (5) (6)

Block A uA = 0 by (2)

Block B uB = 0 by (5)

Block C (UAM) uC = 0

Engineering Mechanics (Dynamics)

12-3

Dependent Motion

t = 12 sec mm vA = 456 s using, vA = uA + aA t 456 = 0 + aA (12) mm aA = 38 2 s 2 2 mm mm by Equation (3) aB = 3 aA = 3 (38) = 25.33 2 = 25.33 2 s s By equation (6) ac = aB + 25.33 mm = 12.67 2 2 2 = s

After t = 8 sec, for block B 1 1 2 2 sB = uBt + 2 aBt = 0 + 2 ( 25.33) (8) = 810.56 mm = 810.56 mm vB Ex. 12.15 : = uB + aB t = 0 25.33 (8) = 202.64 mm/s = 202.64 mm/s

For the given arrangement, motor draws the cable such that 2 2 point A is subjected to an acceleration of aA = 3t (m/s ). Determine the distance travelled by load B in t = 1.8 sec starting from rest.

Soln. : As here two particles are connected by a continuous string, so by direct string law, NA aA = NB aB Here NA = Number of string parts connected to A = 1 NB = Number of string parts connected to B = 4 1 aA = 4 aB
2

(1) Fig. Ex. 12.15

but aA = 3 t given aA 3 2 by Equation (1) aB = 4 = 4 t OR The relation can be found as follows : L = xA + xB + (xB xO) + 2 (xB 2xO) Neglecting xO xA + 4 xB = const. vA + 4 vB = 0 aA + 4 aB = 0 aA = 4 aB (in magnitude) Integrating w.r.t. t

aB

= 3/4 t dt
2 3 3

3 t vB = 4 4 + c1

when t = 0, vB = 0 c1 = 0 3t t vB = 12 = 4 Fig. Ex. 12.15(a)

Engineering Mechanics (Dynamics) Again integrating,

12-4
3

Dependent Motion t SB = 16 + c2
4

vB

t4 dt
4

Again when t = 0, SB = 0 c2 = 0 t SB = 16 SB = (1.8) 16 = 0.656 m

When t = 1.8 sec,

Ans.

Ex. 12.16 : Collar A starts from rest and moves to the left with constant acceleration. Knowing that after 8 sec. the relative velocity of m collar B with respect to collar A is 0.6 s determine : (a) The acceleration of collars A and B (b) The velocity and change in position of B after 6 sec. Soln. : The length of string connecting A and B L = + 2xA + xB + (xB xA) 2xB + xA = constant Differentiating w.r.t. t 2 VB + VA = 0 Again differentiating w.r.t. t 2 aB + aA = 0 Given data : Collar A (U.A.M) uA = 0 Now after 8 sec, corresponding of collar A using. acceleration VA 0.4 aA aA = = = = uA + aA (t) 0 + aA (8) 0.05 m/s (constant) 0.05 m/s
2 2

Fig. Ex. 12.16

(1) Similarly 2uB + uA = 0

(2) (3)

Collar B t = 8 sec m VB/A = 0.6 s (towards Right) VB VA = 0.6 Solving Equations (1) and (4) we get VB = 0.2 m/s VA = 0.4 m/s

Now acceleration of collar B using Equations (3) aA 0.05 m aB = 2 = 2 = 0.025 2 s (b) After 6 sec., VB = uB + aB t = 0 + (0.025) 6 = 0.15 m/s 1 1 2 2 SB = uB t + 2 aB t = 0 + 2 0.025 (6) = 0.45 m

Engineering Mechanics (Dynamics)

12-5

Dependent Motion

Ex. 12.18 : Collars A and B start from rest and collar A moves upward with an acceleration of 2 mm 6t 2 . Knowing that collar B moves s downward with a constant acceleration and that its velocity is 16 mm/s after moving 64 mm. Find : (a) (b) Soln. : Length of string connecting collars A, B and block C L = (xo xA) + (xC xA) + 2xC + (xC xB) The acceleration of block C The distance moved by block C after 4 sec.

2xA + xB + 4xC = constant Differentiating w.r.t. t 2VA VB + 4VC = 0 VB + 2VA VC = 4 uC = aC uB + 2uA 4 aB + 2aA = 4 Fig. Ex. 12.18 (1) (2) (3) Collar B (U.A.M.) uB = 0 mm VB = 16 s SB = 64 mm VB = uB + 2aB SB (16)
2 2 2

Given data : Collar A (variable acceleration) uA = 0 aA = 6t2

Block C by (2) uC = 0

aB Now for block C by using Equation (3), 2 2 + 2 ( 6t ) aC = 4 2 1 6t aC = 2 1 6t 2

= 0 + 2aB (64) mm = 2 2 s 2 12t 4

aC =

This is variable acceleration

Ans.

(b)

To find distance covered by C, first finding expression of SC. We have, aC = dV dtC =

1 6t 2

Engineering Mechanics (Dynamics)

12-6 1 6t 2
2

Dependent Motion t 3 VC = 2 t t t SC = 4 4
2 4

VC =

o t

dt
dt

Again integrating we get,

SC = SC

o 2 4 t t = 4

( )
t 3 2t

Now when t = 4 sec.,

SC =
2

(4) (4) = 60 mm = 60 mm 4
2

Ans.

Ex. 12.19 : For the given arrangement, motor draws the cable such that point A is subjected to an acceleration of aA = 3t (m/s ). Determine the distance travelled by load B in t = 1.8 sec starting from rest. Soln. : As here two particles are connected by a continuous string, so by direct string law, NA aA = NB aB Here NA = Number of string parts connected to A = 1 NB = Number of string parts connected to B = 4 1 aA = 4 aB (1) 2 but aA = 3 t given aA 3 2 by Equation (1) aB = 4 = 4 t OR The relation can be found as follows : L = xA + xB + (xB xO) + 2 (xB 2xO) Neglecting xO xA + 4 xB = const. vA + 4 vB = 0 aA + 4 aB = 0 aA = 4 aB (in magnitude) Integrating w.r.t. t

Fig. Ex. 12.19

aB

= 3/4 t dt
2 3 3

3 t vB = 4 4 + c1

when t = 0, vB = 0 c1 = 0 3t t vB = 12 = 4 Again integrating,

vB

t4 dt
4

t SB = 16 + c2

Fig. Ex. 12.19(a)

Again when t = 0, SB = 0 c2 = 0 t SB = 16 SB = (1.8) 16 = 0.656 m

When t = 1.8 sec,

Ans.

Dependent Motion Ends.