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Devices and Circuits Ii: Coupling & Bypass Capacitor Design

The document discusses the design of coupling and bypass capacitors in amplifier circuits. It explains that coupling and bypass capacitors reduce amplifier gain at low frequencies since capacitor impedance increases with decreasing frequency. The short-circuit time constant method is used to select capacitor values, where each capacitor is considered separately with other capacitors replaced by short circuits. For a capacitor to be neglected, its impedance must be much smaller than the equivalent resistance at its terminals. Formulas are provided to calculate appropriate capacitor values based on circuit components and the lowest desired frequency to be amplified.

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Mạnh Cường Trần
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100 views5 pages

Devices and Circuits Ii: Coupling & Bypass Capacitor Design

The document discusses the design of coupling and bypass capacitors in amplifier circuits. It explains that coupling and bypass capacitors reduce amplifier gain at low frequencies since capacitor impedance increases with decreasing frequency. The short-circuit time constant method is used to select capacitor values, where each capacitor is considered separately with other capacitors replaced by short circuits. For a capacitor to be neglected, its impedance must be much smaller than the equivalent resistance at its terminals. Formulas are provided to calculate appropriate capacitor values based on circuit components and the lowest desired frequency to be amplified.

Uploaded by

Mạnh Cường Trần
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BYPASSANDCOUPLINGCAPACITOR DESIGN/INTRODUCTION

EE 332

DEVICES AND CIRCUITS II


Lecture 16
Coupling & Bypass Capacitor Design

Sinceimpedanceofacapacitorincreaseswith decreasingfrequency,couplingandbypasscapacitors reduceamplifiergainatlowfrequencies. Tochoosecapacitorvalues,shortcircuittimeconstant methodisused:eachcapacitorisconsidered separatelywithallothercapacitorsreplacedbyshort circuits. Toneglectacapacitor,themagnitudeofcapacitive impedancemustbemuchsmallerthantheequivalent resistanceappearingatitsterminals

BYPASSANDCOUPLINGCAPACITORDESIGN /CEAMPLIFIERS
VCC

BYPASSANDCOUPLINGCAPACITORDESIGN /CEAMPLIFIERS
ReplaceC3withshortcircuitsbyassumingitslarge

R1 Rs C1

RC Q1

C2 vo RL

C Rs C1 B Q1 E vi RB RE RC

C2 vo RL

vi

R2

RE

C3

C1andC2arecouplingcapacitors

C3isbypassingcapacitor

68

BYPASSANDCOUPLINGCAPACITORDESIGN /CECOUPLINGCAPACITORS
ConsiderC1(withvi=0):usingshortcircuittimeconstant technique,lookateachcapacitoronitsowneachtime,and shortothercapacitors
C1

BYPASSANDCOUPLINGCAPACITORDESIGN /CECOUPLINGCAPACITORS
ConsiderC2(withvi=0):usingshortcircuittimeconstant technique,lookateachcapacitoronitsowneachtime,and shortother C capacitors
2

ToneglectC1,itsimpedancemustbe muchsmallerthan(Rs+Ri) NotethatC1formsaseriesloopwithRs+Ri


Ri

ToneglectC2,itsimpedancemustbe muchsmallerthan(Rs+Ri)
Ro RL

Rs

1 << ( Rs + Ri ) C1 1 C 1 >> ( Rs + Ri ) Ri = RB / / rb

NotethatC2formsaseriesloopwithRL+Ro
1

C 2

<< ( Ro + RL ) 1

C 2 >>

( Ro + RL )

Where isthelowestfrequencytobeamplified.

Ro = RC / / rc

BYPASSANDCOUPLINGCAPACITORDESIGN /CEBYPASSINGCAPACITOR
ReplaceC1andC2withshortcircuitsbyassumingbotharelarge
C Rs B Q1 E RB vi RE RC C3 RL vo
RE re

BYPASSANDCOUPLINGCAPACITORDESIGN /CEBYPASSINGCAPACITOR
ConsiderC3(withvi=0):usingshortcircuittimeconstant technique,lookateachcapacitoronitsowneachtime,and shortothercapacitors ToneglectC3,itsimpedancemustbe muchsmallerthan(RE//re) NotethatC3formsaparallelloopwithRE andre
C3

C 3

<< ( RE / / re ) 1

C 3 >>

( RE / / re )

Where isthelowestfrequencytobeamplified.

69

COUPLINGANDBYPASSCAPACITORDESIGN /CEAMPLIFIERS(EXAMPLE)
Problem: Choosevaluesofcouplingandbypasscapacitors. Givendata:f=1000Hz,valuesofallresistorsandinputand
outputresistancesforCEamplifiers.
VCC

COUPLINGANDBYPASSCAPACITORDESIGN /CEAMPLIFIERS(EXAMPLE)
Solution
VCC R2

ForCEamplifier:
C 1 >> 1

( R s + Ri )

R i = R B / / rbCE and , rbCE = r + ( + 1) R E 300 k


C2

R2 C1 Rs vi R1

RC Q1 RE

C2 RL

Q1,2

= 70, VBE ,ON = 0.7V , = V A = 70V , VCC = 15V

RC Q1

Ri = 77.2 k
RL

C1 Rs vi R1 RE

C 1 >>

1 = 1.6 nF 2000 (2 k + 77.2 k ) 1 C 2 >> ( Ro + R L )

C3

R1 = 300k , R2 = 160k , RC = 22k , RE = 3k , Rs = 2k , RL = 100k ,

C3

Ro = RC / / rcCE RC C 2 >> 1 = 1.3 nF 2000 (22 k + 100 k )

COUPLINGANDBYPASSCAPACITORDESIGN /CEAMPLIFIERS(EXAMPLE)
Solution
VCC R2 C1 Rs vi R1 RE C3

COUPLINGANDBYPASSCAPACITORDESIGN /CCAMPLIFIERS
VCC

ForCEamplifier:
C 3 >> reCE 1
Rs C1 vi

R2 Q1

RC C2 RL C1 Q1 Rs vi RB RE C2 RL vo RC

( RE / / re )
1 ; RE / / re re gm

RC Q1

R1

RE

C2 RL

70

BYPASSANDCOUPLINGCAPACITORDESIGN /CCCOUPLINGCAPACITORS
ConsiderC1(withvi=0):usingshortcircuittimeconstant technique,lookateachcapacitoronitsowneachtime,and shortothercapacitors
C1

BYPASSANDCOUPLINGCAPACITORDESIGN /CCCOUPLINGCAPACITORS
ConsiderC2(withvi=0):usingshortcircuittimeconstant technique,lookateachcapacitoronitsowneachtime,and shortothercapacitors
C2

ToneglectC1,itsimpedancemustbe muchsmallerthan(Rs+Ri) NotethatC1formsaseriesloopwithRs+Ri


1 << ( Rs + Ri ) C1 1 C 1 >> ( Rs + Ri ) Ri = RB / / rb

Hence,toneglectC2,itsimpedance mustbemuchsmallerthan(Ro+RL)

RL

Rs

Ri

Ro

C 2

<< ( Ro + RL ) 1

C 2 >>

( Ro + RL )

Ro = RE / / re

COUPLINGANDBYPASSCAPACITORDESIGN /CBAMPLIFIERS
VCC R2 RC Q1 R1 RE C1 Rs vi Q1 C1 RC RL C2 RL C2 vo

BYPASSANDCOUPLINGCAPACITORDESIGN /CBCOUPLINGCAPACITORS
ConsiderC1(withvi=0):usingshortcircuittimeconstant technique,lookateachcapacitoronitsowneachtime,and shortothercapacitors Hence,toneglectC1,itsimpedance C1 mustbemuchsmallerthan(Rs+Ri) NotethatC1formsaseriesloopwithRs+Ri
Rs Ri

RB

RE

C1

<< ( Rs + Ri ) 1 ( Rs + Ri )

Rs vi

C 1 >>

Ri = RE / / re

71

BYPASSANDCOUPLINGCAPACITORDESIGN /CBCOUPLINGCAPACITORS
ConsiderC2
C2

ToneglectC2,itsimpedancemustbe muchsmallerthan(Ro+RL)

End of Lecture 16

Ro RL

C 2

<< ( Ro + RL ) 1 ( Ro + RL )

C 2 >>

Ro = RC / / rc
Where isthelowestfrequencytobeamplified.

72

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